identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7A2E122CFFACFF803480F99FFE8C63DD.text	7A2E122CFFACFF803480F99FFE8C63DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Nageli	<div><p>Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Nageli</p><p>Peyssonneliaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF803480F99FFE8C63DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFACFF803480FEA5FD8E64F4.text	7A2E122CFFACFF803480FEA5FD8E64F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antithamnion antillanum	<div><p>Antithamnion antillanum BØrgesen *</p><p>Centroce ras gasparrini (Meneghini) Kützing *</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF803480FEA5FD8E64F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFACFF803480FE06FEC867B9.text	7A2E122CFFACFF803480FE06FEC867B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centroceras hyalacanthum Kutzing	<div><p>Centroceras hyalacanthum Kützing *</p><p>Ceramium brevizonatum var. caraibicum H.E. Petersen &amp; BØrgesen**</p><p>Ceramium cruciatum Collins &amp; Hervey</p><p>Corallinaceae</p><p>Hydrolithon farinosum (J.V. Lamouroux) Penrose &amp; Y.M. Chamber- lain</p><p>Dasyaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF803480FE06FEC867B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFACFF803480FCECFEFC66CC.text	7A2E122CFFACFF803480FCECFEFC66CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterosiphonia crispella var. laxa	<div><p>Heterosiphonia crispella var. laxa (BØrgesen) M.J. Wynne</p><p>Rhodomelaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF803480FCECFEFC66CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFACFF803480FA22FEF0637B.text	7A2E122CFFACFF803480FA22FEF0637B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne	<div><p>Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne *</p><p>Wrangeliaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF803480FA22FEF0637B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFACFF833480F8DBFEFD642B.text	7A2E122CFFACFF833480F8DBFEFD642B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chroodactylon ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson	<div><p>Chroodactylon ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson *</p><p>Ochrophyta</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>x x Tetrasporic</p><p>x</p><p>x x x</p><p>x</p><p>x x</p><p>x x x</p><p>x Tetrasporic and cystocarpic</p><p>x Tetrasporic</p><p>x</p><p>x x Cystocarpic</p><p>x x x Tetrasporic</p><p>x</p><p>x Cystocarpic</p><p>x x Tetrasporic</p><p>x x x</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>x x x</p><p>Dictyotaceae x (Continued)</p><p>SPECIES Root 1 Root 2 Root 3 Reproductive status  Dictyopteris delicatula J.V. Lamouroux</p><p>Sphacelariaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFACFF833480F8DBFEFD642B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD43FEE4679A.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD43FEE4679A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopsis pennata J. V. Lamouroux	<div><p>Bryopsis pennata J.V. Lamouroux</p><p>Caulerpaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD43FEE4679A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD3FFE83667D.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD3FFE83667D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulerpa sertularioides (S. G. Gmelin) M. Howe	<div><p>Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) M. Howe</p><p>Cladophoraceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FD3FFE83667D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FBE2FEE4613B.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FBE2FEE4613B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek	<div><p>Cladophora cf vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek *</p><p>Derbesiaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FBE2FEE4613B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FB5EFAA561ED.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FB5EFAA561ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier	<div><p>Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier *</p><p>Pithophoraceae</p><p>x Germinating propagules</p><p>x x Germinating propagules</p><p>x Germinating propagules</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>x x</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>X x</p><p>x</p><p>x</p><p>x x oogonia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FB5EFAA561ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FE0BFEF16704.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FE0BFEF16704.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini	<div><p>Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini *</p><p>Chlorophyta</p><p>Bryopsidaceae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF833480FE0BFEF16704	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
7A2E122CFFAFFF823480FB3BFBA76225.text	7A2E122CFFAFFF823480FB3BFBA76225.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wittrockiella salina Wille	<div><p>Wittrockiella salina Wille ** x</p><p>the general aspect of the thallus (compact vs. fluffy in  D. caraibica) and the falciform and thick branchlets (Rodriguez-Prieto et al. 2013), which in  Dasya caraibica are long and delicate (Fig. 3a).</p><p>Melanothamnus pseudovillum, originally described as  Polysiphonia pseudovillum by Hollenberg (1968) is a creeping species with closed-connected rhizoids, four pericentral cells, ecorticated, and branches replacing trichoblasts. In the Western Atlantic it has been reported for North Carolina (Schneider and Searles 1991), Florida (Littler and Littler 2000), Mexico (García-García et al. 2020) and Panama (Mamoozadeh and Freshwater 2011). Recently, Díaz-Tapia et al. (2017) reinstated the genus  Melanothamnus, where this species was accommodated.</p><p>Parviphycus setaceus is a species originally described for the Antilles (Guiry and Guiry c2020) and widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea (as  Gelidiella setacea (Feldmann) Feldmann and Hamel, Littler and Littler 2000). It is typi- cally observed on mangrove prop roots (Littler and Littler 2000, Littler et al. 2008), where it grows inconspicuously.</p><p>Wittrockiella salina Chapman is a species originally described for New Zealand and distributed along Australia, Tasmania, and Japan, in the Pacific Ocean. In 1984 van den Hoek et al. (1984) reported the species as epiphytic on aerial roots of  Rhizophora mangle and on pneumatophores of  Avicennia nitida Jacq. on the island of Curacao, Netherland Antilles, in the Southern Caribbean Sea. The alga is small, inconspicuous, grows as an epiphyte on larger algae, so it may go easily undetected. It is difficult to determine if this species has been introduced in the Caribbean Sea, and expanding, or if mangrove aerial roots in the southern Caribbean basin have always been its natural environment.</p><p>Although the overall diversity of the biocenosis associated with mangrove prop roots is high (e.g. Riosmena-Rodriguez et al. 2011), single studies seldom report a high number of species. Some authors have regarded mangrove habitats as having a low diversity of epiphytes (Huisman et al. 2015); King (1981) suggested that these habitats are unfavorable due to a lack of stable substratum (excluding the mangroves), mud in suspension, and the physiological stress due to fluctuating salinity. Riosmena-Rodriguez et al. (2011) associated a high diversity of algae on mangrove roots to the presence of other habitats close-by, such as seagrass or rhodoliths beds and hard substrate such as rocky shores. When these habitats are not present, the algal diversity is much lower. In Cholón, the mangroves were adjacent to seagrass beds, and coral reef patches were observed in the area. Furthermore, artificial hard substrate is present close by in the form of spurs.</p><p>Considering that we analyzed only three roots, the diversity of this phytocenosis in the Park is grossly underestimated. Most species are microscopic, filamentous, and easily overlooked. Furthermore, for red algae, the reproductive structures are needed to be able to identify the sample to species. More research is needed to understand if sto- chastic events are structuring the epiphytic flora on single roots, or if other factors are involved. Eston et al. (1992) determined that on mangroves, early algal colonizers are also the final community, with no opportunistic species present and virtually no succession, as it has been reported for seagrass communities (den Hartog 1971, 1987).</p><p>Cordeiro-Marino et al. (1992) reported that for the Caribbean basin, the phytocenosis associated with mangroves was dominated by green algae. In our study, 59.4</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</p><p>The samples were collected during a field trip financed by the Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. We thank Johanna Paola Echeverry Her- nández for her help in elaborating the map, and two anonymous reviewers to help improve the manuscript. The present contribution is part of the project codigo Hermes No. 33153. % of the species belonged to Rhodophyta, 29.7 % were Chlorophyta and only 10.8 % were  Phaeophyceae . These percentages correspond to the average composition of the marine flora in the Caribbean (e.g. Taylor and Rhyne 1970, Betancourt-Fernandez and Herrera-Moreno 2001, Suárez 2005). Diaz-Pulido and Díaz-Ruiz (2003) reported, for the Rosario islands, a marine flora dominated by red algae (50.8 %) followed by green algae (39.7 %) and then brown algae (9.3 %). For the mangrove roots, we report a higher percentage of red algae, which also corresponds to the majority of the new records. Recent studies on the seaweeds of another region of the Colombian Caribbean (e.g. Albis-Salas and Gavio 2011, 2015, Ortiz and Gavio 2012, Gavio et al. 2013, 2015, Rincón-Díaz et al. 2014, 2018), registered a high number of red algal species previously overlooked.</p><p>The low number of brown algae ( Phaeophyceae) observed in this research is in agreement with other studies: López et al. (2009) found only three species of  Phaeophyceae out of forty. Billah et al. (2016) reported only one  Phaeophyceae of a total of eleven, while Pérez-Estrada et al. (2012) found a single species of brown algae of a total of 68. Rios et al. (2019) did not observe any brown algae on mangrove roots on the Caribbean coast of Panama.</p><p>The high diversity observed supports the importance of this community to the food web of mangrove ecosystems. This study by no means pretends to be comprehensive; considering the mangrove cover along the Caribbean coast of Colombia, more research is needed to address algal species diversity, distribution, seasonality and turn-over, to better understand the dynamics shaping these habitats.</p><p>AUTHORS PARTICIPATION</p><p>CESF collected the samples, identified the specimens, and wrote the manuscript. BG identified the specimens and wrote the manuscript. MJW identified some specimens and wrote the manuscript.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2E122CFFAFFF823480FB3BFBA76225	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza;Gavio, Brigitte;Wynne, Michael J.	Salazar-Forero, Camila Esperanza, Gavio, Brigitte, Wynne, Michael J. (2021): Macroalgae associated with aerial roots of Rhizophora mangle in Islas del Rosario, Colombia, Southwestern Caribbean. Caldasia 43 (1): 94-104, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228, URL: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85228
