identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BDAF011A1B4857CD9F9046A2FCA8AF49.text	BDAF011A1B4857CD9F9046A2FCA8AF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola (sect. Conopileae) Wachter & A. Melzer	<div><p>Parasola sect. Conopileae Wächter &amp; A. Melzer</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small to medium-sized, terrestrial or lignicolous. Pileus conical until mature, almost glabrous to finely sulcate but never cracking into plication, veil absent, brown hairs present. Lamellae adnate, withering at age. Stipes hollow, most glabrous. Basidiospores not flattened, ellipsoid to ovoid in front view and side view, germ pore central. Basidia monomorphic, regularly 4 - spored. Lamellae trama regular, colorless or in brown hue. Lamellae margin infertile, cheilocystidia abundant, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform. Pleurocystidia present or not, when present subglobose, utriform, sublageniform or subcylindrical. Original pileipellis a hymeniform, composed of sphaeropedunculate cells, secondary pileipellis absent. Sclerocystidia present. Caulocystidia present at upper part of stipe, uniformly or in small cluster distributed, subglobose, utriform, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical. Clamps present and sometimes present pseudoclamps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDAF011A1B4857CD9F9046A2FCA8AF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
FA3C6FC81F6E5AEFAC760604D5EAE1A9.text	FA3C6FC81F6E5AEFAC760604D5EAE1A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola (sect. Parasola) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple	<div><p>Parasola sect. Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys &amp; Hopple</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized, mainly terrestrial, sometimes fimicolous or lignicolous, withering or partial deliquescent at age. Pileus almost flattened cracking into plication when mature, veil absent. Lamellae free, mostly remote from stipe, withering. Stipes hollow, most glabrous, occasionally with flour scales. Basidiospores subglobose, ellipsoid, ovoid, rounded subtriangular, rhombic, subpentangular, hexagonal in front view, ellipsoid or lentiform in side view, germ pore central or eccentric. Basidia dimorphic, regularly 4 - spored. Lamellae trama regular, colorless or in brown hue. Lamellae margin infertile, cheilocystidia abundant, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform or subcylindrical. Pleurocystidia mainly present, subglobose, utriform, sublageniform or subcylindrical. Original pileipellis hymeniform, secondary pileipellis subcutis. Caulocystidia only accumulate at top of stipe forming pseudocollarium. Clamps present and sometimes present pseudoclamps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA3C6FC81F6E5AEFAC760604D5EAE1A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
3708EAE6EB3E5E74B1AFAE3F41A352C8.text	3708EAE6EB3E5E74B1AFAE3F41A352C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola chowii T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola chowii T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12 d – f, 14</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus sordid yellow, ochreous to dark red-brown at center and gray or pale gray at margin when mature; basidiospores 11.4–12.0 × 10.0–10.4 × 8.4–9.4 μm, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, sometimes lemon-shaped in front view, dark red-brown to almost black, germ pore eccentric, 1.7–3.5 μm wide; basidia dimorphic; cheilocystidia 30–75 × 12–27 μm, ellipsoid, sublageniform or constricted-cylindrical; pleurocystidia 34–103 × 10–25 μm, narrow utriform, sublageniform, (sub) cylindrical or clavate.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ chowii ” is a tribute to the Chinese mycologist Chung-Hwang Chow for his contribution to the study of ontogeny of coprinoid fungi.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jingyuetan National Forest Park, 43°78'61"N, 125°44'54"E, 281 m a. s. l., on humus layer of conifer tree, August 26 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60358 (Z 21082609, holotype!) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 6–8 × 9–12 mm when still closed, up to 14 mm when mature, at first ovoid or ellipsoid, expanded pileus conical to flattened; dry; sordid yellow, ochreous to dark red brown at center, gray or pale gray at margin, sometimes with slightly brown hue; sulcate-striate up to center. Context extremely thin, almost unseen in membrane part of pileus, somewhat fleshy and up to 0.8 mm in central disc, white to pale gray, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, free and remote from stipe, with a circular empty space which is visible around the apex of the stipe, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 35–41, I = 1–2, first white to beige, then become purple-gray to dark gray, hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 20–51 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, white, glabrous; with white tomentose at base. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [60, 4, 3] (10.2 –) 11.4–12.0 (– 13.8) × (9.0 –) 10.0–10.4 (– 11.4) × (7.8 –) 8.4–9.4 (– 9.9) μm, Q 1 = 1.06–1.28, Q 2 = 1.22–1.40, av. Q 1 = 1.14, av. Q 2 = 1.28; subglobose, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, sometimes lemon-shaped, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, flattened, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid in side view; smooth, dark red-brown to almost black, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore eccentric, 1.7–3.5 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 20–41 × 9–12 μm, sterigma 4–7 μm, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with 4–7 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 10–28 × 7–19 μm. Cheilocystidia abundant, 30–75 × 12–27 μm, ellipsoid, sublageniform or constricted cylindrical, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 34–103 × 10–25 μm, narrow utriform, sublageniform, (sub) cylindrical or clavate, colorless, thin-walled. Lamella trama regular, 3–5 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of sphaeropedunculate cells, 33–49 × 15–36 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow brown to brown, 3–5 μm wide. Stipipellis hyphae 3–11 μm in wide, hyaline, thin-walled, colorless, thin-walled; hyphae of stipe trama 8–16 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp connection abundant.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow on coniferous forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Fruiting in August. Currently only known from China</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jinlin Province, Changchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.46972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.761112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.46972/lat 43.761112)">Jingyuetan National Forest Park</a>, 43°45'40"N, 125°28'11"E, 312 m a. s. l., August 18 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60374 ; CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.17722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.792778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.17722/lat 42.792778)">Daqinggou National Reserve</a>, 42°47'34"N, 112°10'38"E, 247 m a. s. l., August 23 rd 2022, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 64099 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Parasola chowii is morphologically close to Parasola plicatilis, Parasola plicatilis-similis, and Parasola megasperma . Parasola chowii distinguishes itself from the abovementioned species by its subglobose, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid spores (Q = 1.06–1.28) and unique habitat of humus layer of forest of Pinus . Compared with Parasola chowii, basidiospores of Parasola plicatilis are usually narrower, angularly ovoid with five rounded angles or ellipsoid (Q = 1.05–1.80), in Parasola megasperma spores have larger size which could grow up to 17 μm (Uljé and Bas 1988). Apart from Parasola chowii, the abovementioned species grow in lawns and other grassy places and Parasola megasperma sometimes also grow on horse dung (Uljé and Bas 1988; Uljé 2005; Szarkándi et al. 2017). Besides, Parasola plicatilis-similis have darker pileus that is honey-colored, ochre-brown when young and still grayish upon ageing with a pale ochre-brown button when mature (Szarkándi et al. 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3708EAE6EB3E5E74B1AFAE3F41A352C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
46CC4C4EBAA751C9ACFA9DC9953C88C8.text	46CC4C4EBAA751C9ACFA9DC9953C88C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola constrictospora T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola constrictospora T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8 h – i, 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ constrictospora ” means the constricted ellipsoid shape of basidiospores.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus sordid yellow to cinnamon with grayish hue when young, orange-brown to chestnut-color at center, brown-gray to gray at margin when age; fine sulcate-striate up to center; context thin, pale gray to gray; basidiospores 10.7–11.4 × 8.8–9.1 × 6.4–6.9 μm, broad ellipsoid to ellipsoid, usually constricted in middle part, dark red-brown to almost black, germ pore central; basidia dimorphic; cheilocystidia globose, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or broad lageniform; pleurocystidia similar to cheilocystidia; sclerocystidia present.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, North Garden of Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen, 32°05'55"N, 118°83'61"E, 207 m a. s. l., August 28 th 2021, H. T. Luo, LHT 01 (holotype HMJAU 60336) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 8–12 × 5–10 mm when still closed, 12–19 mm when mature, at first conical to convex, finally become flat, with glabrous disc at center, sometimes slightly depresses; dry; sordid yellow to cinnamon with grayish hue when young, orange-brown to chestnut-color at center, brown-gray to gray at margin when aged; fine sulcate-striate up to center. Context thin, pale gray to gray, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, almost free to free, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 30–41, I = 0 or 1, initially pale gray then become gray to dark gray when mature, more pale at margin; hardly deliquescent. Stipe 49–61 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, hollow, almost equal, pale gray and with somewhat brown hue at base, subglabrous with sparse tiny hairs, clavate. Spore print without recording.</p><p>Basidiospores [42, 3, 2] (9.6 –) 10.7–11.4 (– 13.2) × (7.6 –) 8.8–9.1 (– 9.8) × (6.1 –) 6.4–6.9 (– 7.5) μm, Q 1 = 1.07–1.42, Q 2 = 1.36–1.59, av. Q 1 = 1.24, av. Q 2 = 1.47; broad ellipsoid to ellipsoid, or mitriform, usually constricted in middle part, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, slightly flattened, ellipsoid in side view; smooth, dark red-brown to almost black; inamyloid; germ pore central, 2.5–3.1 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 20–32 × 11–12 μm, sterigma 3–6 μm in length, clavate, hyaline, 4 - or 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–6 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 18–28 × 10–18 μm. Cheilocystidia 20–70 × 11–26 μm, globose, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or broad lageniform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 15–60 × 11–25 μm, similar to cheilocystidia. Lamella trama regular, 3–13 μm in diam, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, made up of sphaeropedunculate cells, 19–43 × 11–21 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases; other part of pileus with brown-gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, brown to brown-gray, 3–8 μm in diam; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 4–17 μm wide; sclerocystidia 29–161 × 6–9 μm, yellow-brown, thick-walled, wall 1.4–2.8 μm in thickness. Caulopellis hyphae parallel, 4–9 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, sometimes diverticulate; caulocystidia unseen, however, clustered tiny hairs at stipe pellis; hyphae of stipe trama 9–21 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled. Clamp connection present at all tissues.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow on wood chips. Fruiting in August. Only known from type locality.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, North Garden of Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen, 32°05'55"N, 118°83'61"E, 207 m a. s. l., August 28 th 2021, W. J. Li, HMJAU 60338 (LWJ 03) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>Differed from other species with sclerocystidia, Parasola constrictospora has distinct brown pileus, constricted ellipsoid basidiospores and lignicolous habitat. The sparse tiny hairs on stipitipellis might be the veil residue. This species may also distribute in Pakistan based on phylogenetic results (in Figs 1 – 4 Parasola aff. auricoma LAH-SHP- 7 and Parasola aff. auricoma LAH-SHP- 11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46CC4C4EBAA751C9ACFA9DC9953C88C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
5ADBA7E1487A5F3DBAF2CC3F2A34F543.text	5ADBA7E1487A5F3DBAF2CC3F2A34F543.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola crispa T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu & W. F. Lin 2025	<div><p>Parasola crispa T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu &amp; W. F. Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 f – k, 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the obscure sulcate-striate pileus of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiocarps psathyrelloid; pileus conico-convex to paraboloid when mature, sometimes with obvious papilla, lacteous to pale brown-gray, somewhat yellow-brown at center, surface subglabrous to uneven, mainly with obscure sulcate-striate up to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 part from margin to center; lamellae adnate; stipes glabrous with clavate base; basidiospores 10.3–10.7 × 7.3–7.6 × 6.4–7.0 μm, ellipsoid or ovoid in front view and ellipsoid to oblong in side view, germ pore central or slightly eccentric, 1.8–3.3 μm wide; basidia monomorphics, with relatively long sterigma which is up to 8 μm; sclerocystidia present; caulocystidia present, mostly sublageniform or subcylindrical.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University, 30°29'73"N, 120°08'70"E, 51 m a. s. l., on soil mixed with rotten grass in grassland, July 5 th 2021, T. Bau, W. F. Lin and L. Y. Zhu, Z 21070513 (holotype HMJAU 60339) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps small, psathyrelloid, not collapsing. Pileus 6–7 × 6–8 mm at young stage, 10–18 mm when mature, at first conical, finally conico-convex to paraboloid and never flattened, sometimes with obvious papilla; dry; sordid yellow to light cinnamon when young, lacteous to pale brown-gray, somewhat yellow-brown at center when age; surface subglabrous to uneven, sometimes with obscure sulcate-striate up to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 part from margin to center. Context thin, white to pale gray, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, adnate, 1–3 mm in wide, L = 32–39, I = 1 or 3, initially pale gray then become brown gray with somewhat olivaceous hue and finally purple gray or dark gray when mature, more pale at margin; not deliquescent. Stipe 31–74 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, white to sordid yellow, glabrous, clavate and without white hairs at base of stipes. Spore print not recording.</p><p>Basidiospores [49, 4, 3] (9.3 –) 10.3–10.7 (– 11.4) × (6.6 –) 7.3–7.6 (– 8.2) × (5.8 –) 6.4–7.0 (– 7.2) μm (10.5 × 7.4 × 6.7 μm in average), Q 1 = 1.29–1.51, Q 2 = 1.46–1.80, av. Q 1 = 1.41, av. Q 2 = 1.58; ellipsoid or ovoid in front view and ellipsoid to oblong in side view, with apical papilla, with conical base and truncate apex, smooth, dark yellow-brown to almost black; inamyloid; germ pore central or slightly eccentric, 1.8–3.3 μm wide. Basidia monomorphics, 20–37 × 8–13 μm, with relatively long sterigma which up to 8 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4 - or 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–6 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 8–20 × 6–16 μm. Cheilocystidia abundant, 26–76 × 15–28 μm, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or sublageniform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia relatively rare, when present, 41–79 × 11–32 μm, broad utriform, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical. Lamella trama regular, 3–12 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm mainly made up of sphaeropedunculate cells with inconspicuous short pedicels, 20–43 × 14–21 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases, mixed with sclerocystidia; sclerocystidia 28–159 × 4–6 μm, yellow-brown, thick-walled; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, dark yellow to yellow-brown, 4–6 μm wide. Caulopellis hyphae parallel, 4–9 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, slightly diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 9–21 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia present at upper part of stipe, 30–53 × 11–16 μm, mostly in cylindrical or broad lageniform, 16–21 × 11–16 μm, sometimes subglobose to ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp connection abundant, pseudoclamp also present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow in lawns and other grassy places, at base of dead trump of broadleaf trees or humus layer of bamboo forest. Fruiting during June to August. Currently only known from East and Central China.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University, 30°29'90"N, 120°08'61"E, 51 m a. s. l., July 5 th 2021, T. Bau, W. F. Lin and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60340 (Z 21070507) ; CHINA • Shanghai Municipality, Songjiang District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.26083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.130001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.26083/lat 31.130001)">Tianma Mountain</a>, 31°07'48"N, 121°15'39"E, 82 m a. s. l., June 29 th 2021, J. M. Cai, HMJAU 67660 (CJM 62901) ; • August 28 th 2022, J. M. Cai, HMJAU 60341 (SHPC); CHINA • Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.49139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.211945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.49139/lat 30.211945)">bamboo forest opposite Shitai Environmental Protection Agency</a>, 30°12'43"N, 117°29'29"E, 55 m a. s. l., June 16 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song, and H. Cheng, HMJAU 64093 (Z 22061601) ; CHINA • Anhui Province, Hefei City, Feixi County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.729168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01417/lat 31.729168)">Zipeng Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 31°43'45"N, 117°00'51"E, 55 m a. s. l., July 22 nd 2022, H. Cheng, HMJAU 64095 (C 22072201) ; CHINA • Hubei Province, Wuhan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.41861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.54889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.41861/lat 30.54889)">Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Science</a>, 30°32'56"N, 114°25'07"E, 366 m a. s. l., June 18 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song, and H. Cheng, HMJAU 64096 (Z 22061809) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>There are three known psathyrelloid species in Parasola, namely Parasola cinnamomescens, Parasola conopilea, and Parasola Psathyrelloides, and the fourth is the new species Parasola crispa . Different from Parasola crispa, these three species have brown or orange-brown pileus and longer sclerocystidia (in Parasola conopilea 100–300 μm, in Parasola psathyrelloid up to 700 μm and in Parasola cinnamomescens 140–395 μm). Additionally, Parasola conopilea has larger basidiospores (in average 14.2 × 7.4 μm) and caulocystidia at top of stipe and its pileus often have metal gloss and sometimes slightly sticky when young from our observation (HMJAU 60365, HMJAU 60342). Compared with Parasola crispa, Parasola psathyrelloides has finely sulcate-striate up to the center which resembles species in sect. Parasola (Ganga and Manimohan 2019) . Differing from Parasola crispa, Parasola cinnamomescens processes specialized pileipellis elements that resemble pileocystidia (Khan et al. 2023). Notably, the caulocystidia located at the upper of stipes also serve as a diagnostic feature to distinguish species within this section. Based on our observation, the caulocystidia in Parasola conopilea are predominantly (sub) lageniform or subglobose in shape and relatively large size, averaging 44 × 15 μm (as showed in Fig. 25 a – c). Interestingly, Parasola crispa appears to occupy a transitional position between Parasola conopilea and Parasola psathyrelloid, as indicated by the degree of smoothness of their pileus. The detailed comparisons of the aforementioned Parasola species are presented in Table 2.</p><p>In addition to species within sect. Conopileae, Parasola crispa is often macroscopically confused with Psathyrella amarescens Arnolds and Psathyrella corrugis (Pers.: Fr.) Konr. &amp; Maubl due to their shared similar morphological features, such as conical, lacteous to pale brown-gray pileus with slight folding and slender stipes. However, stipes of these two Psathyrella species are covered with small, white, evanescent fibrils, particularly when young, and these two species possess fusiform cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (Yan 2018; Friebes and Melzer 2009). However, these features are absent in Parasola crispa .</p><p>Note: “ – ” indicates that the information is not recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5ADBA7E1487A5F3DBAF2CC3F2A34F543	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
056F140AABE15C4DB9E3D90BD099814D.text	056F140AABE15C4DB9E3D90BD099814D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola eburnea T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola eburnea T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 17 a – f, 18</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus lacteous, pale gray to gray at margin, sordid yellow to slightly ochreous in center, sulcate-striate almost up to center, ridge of plication fine grained; lamellae free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium; basidiospores 9.7–10.9 × 10.0–10.4 × 8.4–9.4 μm, rhomboid or mitriform in front view, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view, with slightly eccentric or almost central germ pore of 1.8–2.1 μm in diam; sclerocystidia absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ eburnea ” refers to the white with slightly sordid yellow color of the basidiocarp.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, campus of Jilin Agricultural University, 43°80'91"N, 125°40'94"E, 201 m a. s. l., September 15 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60347 (Z 21091503, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 4–8 × 5–10 mm when still closed, 5–13 mm when mature, at first ovoid or ellipsoid, then paraboloid, finally almost flattened, sometime with a depressed disc at center; dry; sordid yellow to slightly ochreous and in center, sometimes with red-brown hue when dry, lacteous, pale gray or gray at margin, slight brown at center at age; sulcate-striate almost up to center, ridge edge fine-grained. Context extremely thin, almost unseen, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae medium crowded, free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 19–28, I = 1, first white to beige, pale gray to purple-gray when expanded, hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 15–45 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, white to gray brown, somewhat translucent when moist, glabrous, at base somewhat swollen. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [47, 4, 2] (9.0 –) 9.7–10.9 (– 12.1) × (9.0 –) 10.0–10.4 (– 11.4) × (7.8 –) 8.4–9.4 (– 9.9) μm, Q 1 = 1.16–1.40, Q 2 = 1.35–1.83, av. Q 1 = 1.30, av. Q 2 = 1.58; rhomboid or mitriform, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, flattened, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view; smooth, yellow-brown to dark brown-gray, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore slightly eccentric or almost central, 1.8–2.1 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 17–43 × 8–16 μm, sterigma 3–6 μm, clavate, occasionally constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - or 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–6 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 8–19 × 6–14 μm. Cheilocystidia 16–52 × 10–22 μm, abundant, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform or subcylindrical, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 32–82 × 11–32 μm, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical. Lamella trama regular, 3–10 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of sphaeropedunculate cells, sometimes ellipsoid or utriform with inconspicuous short pedicels, 21–46 × 13–22 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, almost colorless hyphae, 6–8 μm; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 3–8 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Caulopellis hyphae parallel, 3–9 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled; hyphae of stipe trama 7–15 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled; caulocystidia unseen, occasionally seen specialized terminal elements. Clamp connection present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow on clayey soil in grassy places or decayed wood chips or humus layer in broad-leaf or coniferous forest, particularly under trees or shrubs. Fruiting in August to September. Only known from northeast China, however, quite common.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin Agricultural University, 43°80'78"N, 125°41'67"E, 193 m a. s. l., September 11 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60346 (Z 21091102), HMJAU 60361 (Z 21091107), HMJAU 60363 (Z 21091108) ; CHINA • same place with holotype, September 11 th 2021, S. E. Wang, HMJAU 60364 (Z 21091112); CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.47611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.791943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.47611/lat 43.791943)">Jingyuetan National Forest Park</a>, 43°47'31"N, 125°28'34"E, 206 m a. s. l., August 31 st 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60362 (Z 21083131) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.299164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.853886" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.299164/lat 43.853886)">Nanhu Park</a>, 43°51'14"N, 125°17'57"E, 220 m a. s. l., August 17 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, W. N. Hou, HMJAU 60080 (Z 22081717), HMJAU 60083 (Z 22081703) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.30667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.844166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.30667/lat 43.844166)">Nanhu Park</a>, 43°50'39"N, 125°18'24"E, 221 m a. s. l., August 17 th 2022, X. Wang, and L. S. Mu, HMJAU 60081 (WX 251) ; CHINA • Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, Zhao Mausoleum, 41°84'98"N, 123°42'16"E, 51 m a. s. l., September 21 st 2024, Q. Q. Dong and Q. Q. Ye, HMJAU 67659 (Z 24092110) ; CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao City, Horqin Left Back Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.17722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.792778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.17722/lat 42.792778)">Daqinggou National Reserve</a>, 42°47'34"N, 112°10'38"E, 247 m a. s. l., August 23 rd 2022, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60082 (m 247) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The distinguishing characteristics of Parasola eburnea are pileus with relatively lighter color, lamellae free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium and rhomboid or mitriform basidiospores with slightly eccentric or almost central germ pore. Macroscopically, Parasola eburnea is similar to Parasola lactea and Parasola pseudolactea for the whitish color of pileus especially when young, however, the latter two species could be easily distinguished from Parasola eburnea by their lamellae adnate or nearly free to apex of stipe and pseudocollarium absent, besides size of basidiospores of Parasola pseudolactea is relatively larger, in average 14.0 × 11.3 × 9.7 µm (Smith and Hesler 1946; Nagy et al. 2010 a; Hussain et al. 2018). Though sharing a close relationship with Parasola eburnea, Parasola crataegi has yellow brown basidiospores with smaller size (avg 7.4 × 6.5 × 4.8 µm) and almost always grow in close vicinity to Crataegus monogyna (Szarkándi et al. 2017) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/056F140AABE15C4DB9E3D90BD099814D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
C6B001E2835D536790125E72E6EB8902.text	C6B001E2835D536790125E72E6EB8902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola grisella T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola grisella T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8 d – g, 10</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiomata relatively large. Pileus pearly white to pale gray at margin and yellow-brown at the center; with annular zone at the junction of the lamellae and stipe, basidiospores 9.3–10.1 × 7.7–8.0 × 6.3–6.5 μm, broad ellipsoid in front view, brown to dark brown; basidia dimorphic, 4 - spored; cheilocystidia 19–77 × 8–19 μm, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or broad lageniform; pleurocystidia 55–80 × 19–25 μm, (sub) cylindrical or lageniform; pileipellis a hymeniderm mixed with sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells; sclerocystidia present; clustered tiny hairs at stipipellis.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ grisella ” refers the distinct pearly gray color of pileus when mature.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, Guniujiang National Nature Reserve, 30°01'39"N, 117°52'89"E, 164 m a. s. l., June 15 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song and H. Cheng, Z 22061506 (HMJAU 60338, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 5–9 × 5–8 mm when still closed, 14–27 mm when mature, at first conical to subglobose, finally become flat, with glabrous disc at center; dry; yellow brown to red brown at first, then fade from edge of pileus, finally become pearly gray except sordid yellow to yellow brown at center; fine sulcate-striate up to center. Context thin, cream to pale gray, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, free, with annular zone at the junction of the lamellae and stipe, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 35–43, I = 0–2, initially pale gray then become gray with olive-green hue, dark gray when mature, more pale at margin; hardly deliquescent. Stipe 43–64 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, hollow, almost equal, cream to pale gray, subglabrous with sparse tiny hairs, clavate. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [63, 5, 3] (7.7 –) 9.3–10.1 (– 10.5) × (6.8 –) 7.7–8.0 (– 8.4) × (5.8 –) 6.3–6.5 (– 6.7) μm, Q 1 = 1.18–1.28, Q 2 = 1.26–1.56, av. Q 1 = 1.21, av. Q 2 = 1.40; broad ellipsoid, occasionally with 5 - or 6 - rounded angles, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, slightly flattened, narrow ellipsoid to ellipsoid in side view; smooth, brown to dark brown in H 2 O and olive-brown in 5 % KOH; inamyloid; germ pore central, 1.7–2.7 μm wide. Basidia bimorphic, 17–32 × 8–11 μm, sterigma 3–6 μm in length, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with 3–5 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 7–20 × 8–11 μm. Cheilocystidia 19–77 × 8–19 μm, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or broad lageniform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 55–80 × 19–25 μm, (sub) cylindrical or lageniform. Lamellar trama regular, 8–16 μm in diam, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at sulcate, made up of sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells, 29–43 × 9–22 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases; other part of pileus a cutis, made up of hyaline, colorless or slightly yellow hyphae, 3–8 μm in diam; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 6–17 μm wide; sclerocystidia 29–181 × 5–11 μm, yellow-brown, thick-walled, wall 2.5–3.2 μm in thickness. Stipitipellis hyphae parallel, 4–10 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, sometimes diverticulate; caulocystidia unseen, while clustered terminal cells of the stipitipellis protrude from the surface; hyphae of stipe trama 9–16 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled. Clamp connections present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Subfasciculate or in small groups, grow on clayey soil, humus layer or adnate to trumps in broad-leaved tree with Liriodendron chinense, Liquidambar formosana, Osmanthus fragrans and Camphora officinarum . Fruiting in May to July. Known from East and Central China regions.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Same location with holotype, June 15 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song and H. Cheng, HMJAU 64098 (Z 22061508); CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, North Garden of Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen, 32°05'55"N, 118°83'61"E, 191 m a. s. l., May 16 th 2021, Z. H. Zhang, HMJAU 64097 (ZZH 516) ; CHINA • Hubei Province, Wuhan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.362495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.540833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.362495/lat 30.540833)">lawn beside Art College of Wuhan University, No. 421 Luojiashan Road</a>, 30°32'27"N, 114°21'45"E, 39 m a. s. l., May 29 th 2022, M. H. Tang, HMJAU 60093 (355) ; CHINA • Hubei Province, Wuhan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.35861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.540833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.35861/lat 30.540833)">Lover Slope of Wuhan University</a>, 30°32'27"N, 114°21'31"E, 51 m a. s. l., June 2 nd 2022, M. H. Tang, HMJAU 60094 (390) ; CHINA • Hunan Province, Changsha City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.93305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.18361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.93305/lat 28.18361)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28°11'01"N, 112°55'59"E, 218 m a. s. l., July 8 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song and H. Cheng, HMJAU 60095 (Z 22070833) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>This species is a sister to Parasola auricoma, which differs from the former in having a yellowish-brown pileus at maturity, ellipsoid to elongated ellipsoid basidiospores in frontal view (Q 1 = 1.35–2.05), and sclerocystidia with wall thickness of 0.9–1.4 μm (Uljé 2005; Huang 2019). Geographically, the known distribution range of Parasola grisella is the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, which belongs to the subtropical region, while the suitable habitat of Parasola auricoma is concentrated in the northern temperate zones of Asia and Europe.</p><p>Parasola grisella is macroscopically similar to Parasola setulosa (Berk. &amp; Broome) Redhead, Vilgalys &amp; Hopple, as both species exhibit grayish-white pilei at maturity. However, the latter is usually solitary, lacks an annular zone at the junction of the lamellae and stipe, has ellipsoid basidiospores in frontal view, lageniform or clavate cheilocystidia, and sclerocystidia with wall thickness of 2.8–4.4 μm (Cho et al. 2018; Huang Mei 2019). Additionally, Parasola constrictospora, which is also distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, differs from this species by its constricted basidiospores in front view.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6B001E2835D536790125E72E6EB8902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
DBE2DBABED34517AB0843D473D57D369.text	DBE2DBABED34517AB0843D473D57D369.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola kuehneri (Ulje & Bas) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple	<div><p>Parasola kuehneri (Uljé &amp; Bas) Redhead, Vilgalys &amp; Hopple, in Redhead, Vilgalys, Moncalvo, Johnson &amp; Hopple, Taxon 50 (1): 235 (2001).</p><p>Figs 17 m – o, 20</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Coprinus kuehneri Uljé &amp; Bas, Persoonia 13 (4): 438 (1988).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 7–9 × 9–14 mm when still closed, up to 19 mm when mature, at first subglobose or ovoid, expanded pileus conical or occasionally flattened; dry; ochreous to red-brown at center, especially when young, usually with shades of gray at margin; at first with distinct longitudinal ridge at center, sulcate-striate up to 3 / 4 part from margin to center at age, sometimes with cracking edge. Context extremely thin, almost unseen in membrane part of pileus, whitish, young transparent light yellow or slightly brown-gray, brittle, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae rather crowded, free, 1–3 mm in wide, L = 46–53, I = 0 or 1, first white to beige, then become pale gray, brown-gray or gray, hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 46–105 × 2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, almost equal or attenuate towards the apex, sordid white or cream, with brown or ochreous hue at bottom of stipe, glabrous; with white tomentose at base. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores (8.5 –) 9.3–10.5 (– 12.9) × (7.4 –) 7.9–8.7 (– 10.5) × (6.3 –) 6.5–6.9 (– 7.5) μm, Q 1 = 1.15–1.29, Q 2 = 1.30–1.52, av. Q 1 = 1.21, av. Q 2 = 1.44; strongly lentiform, round-angled triangular, rhomboid, ovoid or mitriform, usually with apical papilla and convex base in face view, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view; smooth, yellow-brown to brown-black in water and red-brown in 5 % KOH, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore eccentric, 1.7–2.8 μm in wide. Basidia dimorphic, 18–36 × 8–10 μm, with brachybasidia which are up to 15 μm in length, sterigma 3–6 μm, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - or 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–7 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 12–28 × 8–17 μm. Cheilocystidia 33–55 × 14–23 μm, abundant, ellipsoid, fusiform or sublageniform, sometimes with a capitate apex, rarely globose, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 46–76 × 17–33 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical, usually constricted in middle part. Lamella trama regular, 10–19 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of clavate cells or rarely sphaeropedunculate cells, 25–43 × 13–18 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, almost colorless hyphae, 5–11 μm; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 3–7 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Stipipellis hyphae parallel, 3–7 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, often diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 11–24 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp-connection and pseudoclamps present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, fasciculate, or in small groups, usually grow on soil in grassy place (especially near trunks) or soil-covered wood. Fruiting in June to August. Recorded with certainty from Netherlands, France, Germany, British, Poland and Italy in Europe (Uljé and Bas 1988; Uljé 2005), Japan in Asia (treated as Coprinus plicatilis f. microsporus) (Hongo and Aoki 1964); other reports also from North America and Oceania (f); only known from Jilin Province in China so far.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, campus of Jilin Agricultural University, 43°81'50"N, 125°40'99"E, 147 m a. s. l., June 18 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60343 (Z 1) ; • same place as HMJAU 60343, June 19 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60344 (Z 2); CHINA • Jinlin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.64916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.91028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.64916/lat 43.91028)">Qianjin Forest Farm</a>, 43°54'37"N, 127°38'57"E, 341 m a. s. l., July 22 nd 2022, L. Y. Zhu and H. B. Song, HMJAU 60078 (Z 22072231) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.13528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.549168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.13528/lat 43.549168)">Shansong Ridge</a>, 43°32'57"N, 127°08'07"E, 333 m a. s. l., July 25 th 2022, T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu and S. E. Wang, HMJAU 60077 (Z 22072530) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Parasola kuehneri could be easily distinguished from other species in Parasola with its distinct pileus which have red-brown hue and longitudinal ridge at center. It is recorded that Parasola kuehneri from Europe have relatively small basidiospores (6.5–10.8 × 5.5–8.2 × 5.0–6.3 μm) which are sometimes heart-shaped and larger cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia which are up to 80 μm and 100 μm, respectively; besides, the European groups prefer to be terrestrial on naked soil that differs from our observations (Uljé and Bas 1988; Uljé 2005; Schafer 2014). Parasola kuehneri was recognized as a variety of Parasola plicatilis (Kühner and Josserand 1934; Hongo and Aoki 1964), while the latter have larger basidiospores (10.0–14.5 × 7.0–10.5 × 6.5–8.0 μm) (Uljé 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBE2DBABED34517AB0843D473D57D369	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
6DE436BECA815A8BB7A8540F80167BA2.text	6DE436BECA815A8BB7A8540F80167BA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola malakandensis S. Hussain, Afshan & H. Ahmad	<div><p>Parasola malakandensis S. Hussain, Afshan &amp; H. Ahmad, in Hussain, Afshan, Ahmad, Khalid &amp; Niazi, Mycoscience 58: 72 (2017).</p><p>Figs 8 m – o, 11</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 7–10 × 4–8 mm when still closed, 8–12 mm when mature, at first ovoid or ellipsoid, expanded pileus conical to flattened; dry; sordid yellow, ochreous to red brown at center, gray or pale gray at margin, sometimes with slightly brown hue; sulcate-striate up to center. Context extremely thin, almost unseen in membrane part of pileus, white to pale gray, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, free and remote from stipe, with a circular empty space which is visible around the apex of the stipe, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 35–41, I = 1–2, first white to beige, then become purple gray to dark gray, hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 20–51 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, white, glabrous; with white tomentose at base. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [40, 2, 1] (14.6 –) 14.9–16.3 (– 17.1) × (9.3 –) 10.6–11.4 (– 12.6) × (10.1 –) 10.4–11.2 (– 12.2) μm, Q 1 = 1.24–1.59, Q 2 = 1.31–1.68, av. Q 1 = 1.39, av. Q 2 = 1.46; ellipsoid, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, ellipsoid in side view; smooth, dark brown to almost black, with olive-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore central, 2.6–4.9 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 22–43 × 9–12 μm (in average 33 × 15 μm), sterigma 3–7 μm, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with 5–8 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements. Cheilocystidia 34–53 × 23–34 μm, abundant, ellipsoid or sublageniform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia rare, if present, (sub) cylindrical, 56–81 × 15–22 μm, colorless, thin-walled. Lamella trama regular, 3–9 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells, 21–44 × 9–23 μm, hyaline, most with brown hue at base; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 3–7 μm wide; sclerocystidia present, 34–135 × 4–7 μm, yellow-brown to brown, thick-walled, wall 1.4–2.8 μm in thickness. Stipipellis hyphae parallel, 2–6 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, sometimes with short branches; hyphae of stipe trama 8–18 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp connection abundant.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary or in small groups, grow on soil in grassy places. July. Recorded with certainty from Pakistan, Hungary and United States (Hussain et al. 2016 a); other reports also from South Africa and Tanzania (https://www.gbif.org/); known from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province and Hubei Province in China so far. Fruiting in May to November.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao City, Horqin Left Back Banner, Muritu Town, 43°42'36"N, 122°97'13"E, 186 m a. s. l., August 22 nd 2022, T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu and S. E. Wang, HMJAU 64091 (Z 22082220) ; CHINA • Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University, 30°30'22"N, 120°08'67"E, 94 m a. s. l., July 5 th 2021, T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu and W. F. Lin, HMJAU 60360 (Z 21070507) ; CHINA • Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Chizhou High Speed Railway Station, 30°62'69"N, 117°52'84"E, 26 m a. s. l., L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song and H. Cheng, June 14 th 2022, HMJAU 64090 (Z 22061403) ; CHINA • Hubei Province, Wuhan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.355835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.355835/lat 30.5375)">Luojia Square of Wuhan University</a>, 30°32'15"N, 114°21'21"E, 34 m a. s. l., November 5 th 2021, M. H. Tang, HMJAU 64092 (TMH 115) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Parasola malakandensis is usually macro-morphologically confused with Parasola auricoma and Parasola constrictospora . Distinct from Parasola malakandensis, the basidiospores of Parasola auricoma are smaller (10.0–14.5 × 6.0–8.0 μm) and ellipsoid to oblong in front view (Uljé 2005; Huang 2019). Compared to Parasola malakandensis, the basidiospores of Parasola constrictospora are constricted in front view and this species is lignicolous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DE436BECA815A8BB7A8540F80167BA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
F316F3B011115E0CB365A71384005FA3.text	F316F3B011115E0CB365A71384005FA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola megasperma (P. D. Orton) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple	<div><p>Parasola megasperma (P. D. Orton) Redhead, Vilgalys &amp; Hopple, in Redhead, Vilgalys, Moncalvo, Johnson &amp; Hopple, Taxon 50 (1): 236 (2001).</p><p>Figs 12 o, 16</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Coprinus megaspermus P. D. Orton, Notes R. bot. Gdn Edinb. 32 (1): 141 (1972).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 8–11 × 6–9 mm when still closed, 15–18 mm when mature, at first semiglobose to mitriform, expanded pileus conical to flattened, mostly with a depressing disc at center; dry; ochreous to dark yellow-brown at center, surrounded with a water-soaked circulus, pale brown-gray at margin, dark yellow-brown at ridge of plication; sulcate-striate up to center. Context extremely thin, almost unseen in membrane part of pileus, cream to sordid yellow, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, free and remote from stipe, with a circular empty space which is visible around the apex of the stipe, 1 mm in wide, L = 35–42, I = 0 or 1, first pale-yellow gray then become gray to purple-gray, or dark gray; hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 48–71 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or slightly attenuate towards the apex, cream and darker at base, glabrous. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [37, 2, 1] (13.1 –) 14.4–15.1 (– 16.3) × (9.3 –) 10.1–10.5 (– 11.9) × (8.3 –) 8.8–9.5 (– 9.7) μm, Q 1 = 1.28–1.55, Q 2 = 1.59–1.61, av. Q 1 = 1.43, av. Q 2 = 1.60; ellipsoid, with apical papilla and convex base in front view, narrow ellipsoid in side view; smooth, dark brown to almost black; inamyloid; germ pore central, 2.0–2.9 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 17–44 × 11–15 μm (in average 32 × 13 μm), sterigma 4–6 μm, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with 5–7 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium yellow brown, composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements. Cheilocystidia 25–55 × 23–34 μm, abundant, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid or sublageniform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia very rare, when present 49–75 × 22–26 μm, oblong to cylindrical, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Lamella trama regular, 6–10 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells, 30–43 × 13–21 μm, hyaline, with yellow-brown hue at base; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown, 5–8 μm wide; sclerocystidia absent. Stipipellis hyphae parallel, 4–8 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally with short branches; hyphae of stipe trama 9–20 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp connection present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate or in small groups, grow on sandy soil or soil with manure in grassy place. Fruiting in July to August. Recorded with certainty from Netherlands, Britain, Poland in Europe (Uljé 2005; Gierczyk et al. 2011; Schafer 2014) and America (Mainland and Hawaii Islands) (Keirle et al. 2004); other reports also from New Zealand (https://www.gbif.org/); only known from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China so far.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao City, Horqin Left Back Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.77695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.991943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.77695/lat 42.991943)">Udantala Forest Farm</a>, July 16 th 2022, 42°59'31"N, 122°46'37"E, 207 m a. s. l., T. Bau, W. N. Hou, HMJAU 60099 (H 2207124) ; CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hulunbuir City, New Barag Left Banner, Amugulang Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.35139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.144726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.35139/lat 48.144726)">Jianggaihuduge</a>, 48°08'41"N, 118°21'05"E, 696 m a. s. l., August 7 th 2022, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 64101 (Z 22080716) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Parasola megasperma could be easily distinguished from other species without sclerocystidia by its large dark ellipsoid basidiospores which are up to 14 μm in average. Moreover, the dark yellow-brown ridge on pileus when mature and the water-soaked circulus around the brown central could also be recognizable characteristics of this species. Parasola megasperma has been often confused with Parasola schroeteri and Parasola hercules due to the relatively large basidiospores shared by these three species. However, the shape of basidiospores differ significantly: Parasola hercules exhibits basidiospores that are predominantly rounded triangular to weakly 5 - or even 7 - angular, while those of Parasola schroeteri are consistently rounded triangular (Uljé 2005).</p><p>The presence of pleurocystidia in Parasola megasperma varies with specimens. In the specimens examined here, pleurocystidia were very rare and exclusively cylindrical. In contrast, other studies by Keirle et al. (2004), Uljé (2005) and Gierczyk et al. (2011) reported pleurocystidia as ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid. Notably, this structure was not mentioned in Schafer’s description (2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F316F3B011115E0CB365A71384005FA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
978B5B39E4A5585391B0CCC19486878C.text	978B5B39E4A5585391B0CCC19486878C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola neoplicatilis T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu & Q. Q. Liu 2025	<div><p>Parasola neoplicatilis T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu &amp; Q. Q. Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12 g – l, 15</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus light yellow-brown at margin and orange-brown in center when young, light gray-brown and with a bright orange-brown center when mature; stipe white to pale gray at upper part, light brown at lower part; basidiospores 7.4–8.1 × 5.8–6.1 × 5.0–5.4 μm, most in ovoid, mitriform, ellipsoid or limoniform in front view, flattened, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view, dark olive-brown to almost black; germ pore slightly eccentric; basidia dimorphic, 16–31 × 5–9 μm, 4 - spored; cheilocystidia 25–54 × 10–26 μm, abundant, utriform, broad ellipsoid or broad lageniform, sometimes apically mastoid; pleurocystidia 37–100 × 13–27 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical; pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of ellipsoid or clavate cells, sometimes subglobose or utriform with short pedicels; sclerocystidia absent; some terminal elements of caulopellis hyphae obtuse, attenuated or cystidioid.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ neoplicatilis ” means that this species has similar morphological characteristics and close genetic relationship with P. plicatilis .</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Purple Mountain (near Wong Ka Wan MTR Station), 32°08'16"N, 118°83'99"E, 137 m a. s. l., on clayed soil under broad-leaved tree, May 13 th 2022, Q. Q. Liu, X. Chen, W. Q. Zhu and Y. Huang, HMJAU 64087 (HY 51302, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 4–6 × 6–9 mm when still closed, 11–15 mm when mature, at first mitriform or ellipsoid, finally almost flattened, sometimes with a conspicuous depressed disc at center; dry; light yellow-brown at margin and orange-brown in center when young, light gray at margin and with a bright orange-brown center at age, sometimes with water-soaking texture; sulcate-striate almost up to center. Context extremely thin, brown in center and almost unseen at margin, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae crowded, free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium, 1 mm in wide, L = 31–40, I = 0 or 1, first white to beige, pale brown-gray when expanded; hardly deliquescing with age. Stipe 48–67 × 2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, slender, white to pale gray at upper part, light brown at lower part, white to cream at base, glabrous or with sparse tiny hairs. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [58, 5, 3] (6.0) 7.4–8.1 (9.4) × (4.5) 5.8–6.1 (6.7) × (4.3) 5.0–5.4 (6.3) μm, Q 1 = 1.09–1.51, Q 2 = 1.33–1.73, av. Q 1 = 1.28, av. Q 2 = 1.53; most in ovoid, mitriform, ellipsoid or limoniform with apical papilla and convex base in front view, flattened, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view; smooth, dark brown to almost black, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore slightly eccentric, 1.3–1.7 μm wide. Basidia dimorphics, 16–31 × 5–9 μm, sterigma 3–6 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with (3) 4–7 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 9–21 × 4–7 μm. Cheilocystidia 25–54 × 10–26 μm, abundant, utriform, broad ellipsoid or broad lageniform, sometimes apically mastoid, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 37–100 × 13–27 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical. Lamella trama regular, 5–12 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of ellipsoid or clavate cells, sometimes subglobose or utriform with short pedicels, 34–59 × 11–23 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, colorless to light brown, 4–9 μm; context at pilei center composed of densely interwoven hyphae, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow brown to brown, 7–14 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Caulopellis hyphae parallel, 4–13 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, often diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 9–20 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen but some terminal elements of caulopellis hyphae obtuse, attenuated or cystidioid. Clamp connection and pseudoclamp present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow on clayey soil or moss layer in broad-leaf forest with Quercus fabri and Zelkova serrata or under bush of Ilex cornuta . Fruiting in May to September. Known from China by specimen study; other possible distributions are Vietnam and United States based on sequences downloaded from GenBank with invalid epithet “ neoplicatilis ”.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Same place with holotype, 132 m a. s. l., May 13 th 2022, Q. Q. Liu, X. Chen, W. Q. Zhu and Y. Huang, HMJAU 64088 (CX 219); • 127 m a. s. l., June 8 th 2022, Q. Q. Liu, Z. H. Zhang, J. M. Cheng, X. Chen, W. Q. Zhu, B. F. Wang, Y. Huang and Y. Chen, HMJAU 64089 (HY 60902); • 132 m a. s. l., June 25 th 2022, Q. Q. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, and W. Q. Zhu, HMJAU 64090; • 135 m a. s. l., September 28 th 2022, X. Chen, HMJAU 60084 (Z 22006) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Parasola neoplicatilis, Parasola plicatilis and Parasola papillatospora together constitute a unique clade in Parasola . Morphologically, these three species also share similar characteristics: red-brown hue at pilei center, sordid whitish to pale yellow-brown stipe, resemble lamellae density, ovoid basidiospores, utriform and sublageniform cheilocystidia and subcylindrical pleurocystidia which up to 100 μm (Uljé 2005; Huang 2019; Pošta et al. 2023). The morphological dissimilarity between the sister species, Parasola neoplicatilis and Parasola papillatospora, is minimal, while Parasola papillatospora processes grayer pileus, broader basidiospores in front view (with width 6.2–8.7 μm), longer basidia (15–45 μm in length) which are surrounded by 4–6 pseudoparaphyses (Pošta et al. 2023). Differs from Parasola neoplicatilis, Parasola plicatilis have larger basidiospores which up to 15.3 μm and basidia which is 20–42 × 9–12 μm in size based on the description by Uljé (2005) and our studies of specimens of Parasola plicatilis (HMJAU 46397, HMJAU 46402, HMJAU 46460, HMJAU 60359, HMJAU 60366 and HMJAU 60367). Among the above mentioned three species, Parasola plicatilis is a widespread species in the north temperate zone, while Parasola papillatospora and Parasola neoplicatilis are only known from East Europe and East Asia, respectively.</p><p>Macroscopically, Parasola glabra S. Hussain, Afshan, H. Ahmad &amp; Khalid and Parasola plicatilis-similis are similar to Parasola neoplicatilis . However, Parasola glabra is distinguished from Parasola neoplicatilis by its larger basidiospores (14.5–16.5 × 9.5–11.5 × 8.0–10.5 μm) and shorter pleurocystidia (60–75 × 22–38 μm) (Hassain et al. 2018). Compared to Parasola neoplicatilis, pileus of Parasola plicatilis-similis is darker and its basdiospores are mostly in broad ellipsoid to broad hexagon and larger in size (11.8 × 9.7 μm in average) (Szarkándi et al. 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/978B5B39E4A5585391B0CCC19486878C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
97A2433559CE5DE8A7D6D693612E122B.text	97A2433559CE5DE8A7D6D693612E122B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola orientolactea T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola orientolactea T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 17 g – l, 19</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus lacteous to cream at margin, light brown at center; basidiospores 11.0–11.7 × 11.3–11.8 × 6.9–7.4 μm, with variable shapes, ranging from triangular, pentangular to heart-shape in front view, sometimes with two germ pore, yellow-brown or olive-brown; basidia dimorphic, 2 - spored; cheilocystidia 25–47 × 9–22 μm, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform, fusiform or clavate; pleurocystidia 40–65 × 13–26 μm, ellipsoid or sublageniform; pileipellis a hymeniderm mixed with clavate and ellipsoid cells; sclerocystidia absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ orientolactea ” is combined with “ oriento ” (eastern) which refers the occurrence of the new species in the Far East and “ lactea ” meaning the close affinity to Parasola lactea .</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, National Forest Park, 43°79'65"N, 125°45'51"E, 202 m a. s. l., August 23 rd 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60350 (Z 21082316, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 4–7 × 5–9 mm when still closed, 8–13 mm when mature, at first ovoid or ellipsoid, finally almost flattened, often with a depressed disc at center; dry; lacteous to cream at margin and sometimes with brown hue in center when young, pale gray at age, sometimes with water-soaking texture; sulcate-striate almost up to center. Context extremely thin, almost unseen, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae medium crowded, free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium, 1–2 mm in wide, L = 26–39, I = 0 or 1, first white to beige, pale gray to purple-gray when expanded; hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 35–81 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, white to pale gray, glabrous. Spore print without being recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [64, 5, 3] (10.2 –) 11.0–11.7 (– 14.6) × (10.6 –) 11.3–11.8 (– 13.7) × (6.0 –) 6.9–7.4 (– 8.1) μm, Q 1 = 0.92–1.07, Q 2 = 1.45–1.86, av. Q 1 = 0.98, av. Q 2 = 1.64; mostly in triangular, pentangular or heart-shape with apical papilla and convex base and occasionally in broad heart-shape or subrectangle when with two germ pore in front view, flattened, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid or narrow fabiform in side view; smooth, yellow-brown or olive-brown, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore eccentric, 2.3–4.3 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 15–30 × 9–12 μm, sterigma 4–8 μm, clavate, occasionally constricted in middle part, hyaline, 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–6 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 7–21 × 8–16 μm. Cheilocystidia 25–47 × 9–22 μm, abundant, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform, fusiform or clavate, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 40–65 × 13–26 μm, ellipsoid or sublageniform. Lamella trama regular, 4–12 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of clavate cells, sometimes ellipsoid or utriform with inconspicuous short pedicels, 35–64 × 10–19 μm, hyaline, sometimes with light-brown hue at base; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, almost colorless hyphae, 4–10 μm; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, colorless or with pale brown hue, 6–8 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Stipipellis hyphae parallel, 3–6 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, often diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 8–21 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia absent. Clamp connection and pseudoclamp present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups, grow on clayey soil in lawns or decayed wood chips or rotten wood in broad-leaf forest with Crataegus, Ulmus, Robinia and Quercus mongolica . August to September. Only known from China, however, quite common.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Same place with holotype, August 31 st 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60348 (Z 21083131); • August 23 rd 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60349 (Z 21082317); • August 26 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, Q. Q. Dong, and Q. Q. Ye, HMJAU 60351 (Z 21082326); • August 24 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, X. Wang, F. Guo, and L. S. Mu, HMJAU 60352 (Z 21082407); • September 18 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu and Q. Q. Ye, HMJAU 60091 (Z 21091821); • August 18 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu and W. N. Hou, HMJAU 60085 (Z 22081806), HMJAU 60086 (Z 22081807); CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.329445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.86361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.329445/lat 43.86361)">Changchun Zoological and Botanical Park</a>, 43°51'49"N, 125°19'46"E, 208 m a. s. l., August 23 rd 2022, X. Wang, HMJAU 60078 (WX 379) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Antu County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.11778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.41389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.11778/lat 42.41389)">Jianshui River National Wetland Park</a>, 42°24'50"N, 128°07'04"E, 726 m a. s. l., August 1 st 2022, H. B. Song and S. E. Wang, HMJAU 60088 (S 22080103) ; CHINA • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao City, Horqin Left Back Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.19278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.793056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.19278/lat 42.793056)">Daqinggou National Reserve</a>, 42°47'35"N, 112°11'34"E, 223 m a. s. l., August 23 rd 2022, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60079 (Z 2208 C 3) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Lake Songhua Scenic Area, 42°72'09"N, 126°70'79"E, 230 m a. s. l., September 20 th 2024, X. Y. Zhou, HMJAU 67658 (ZXY 24092003) ; CHINA • Guizhou Province, Guiyang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.755554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.55861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.755554/lat 26.55861)">Guiyang Forest Park</a>, 26°33'31"N, 106°45'20"E, 1187 m a. s. l., September 28 th 2021, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60089 (Z 21092831) ; CHINA • Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.66833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.658611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.66833/lat 26.658611)">Changpoling National Forest Park</a>, 26°39'31"N, 106°40'06"E, 1336 m a. s. l., September 29 th 2021, T. Bau and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60090 (Z 21092922) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Macroscopically, Parasola orientolactea exhibits morphological similarities to Parasola lactea and Parasola pseudolactea . However, the newly discovered species could be readily distinguished from the latter two species by several characteristics: The presence of 2 - spored basidia, yellow-brown or olive-brown basidiospores that sometimes exhibit two germ pores, and the polymorphic cheilocystidia. Consistent with phylogenetic results, our microscopic observation suggested that Parasola orientolactea is the transition species between Parasola lactea and Parasola pseudolactea (as detailed in Table 4). These three species appear to have relatively restricted geographic distributions, with Parasola lactea occurring in Europe, Parasola pseudolactea in Central Asia (reported in Pakistan), and Parasola orientolactea in East Asia (specifically China) (Smith and Hesler 1946; Uljé 2005; Nagy et al. 2010 a; Hussain et al. 2018). Although BLAST analysis revealed over 98 % sequence similarity among these species, both morphological and phylogenetic evidence strongly support their classification into three distinct clades. Notably, these three species share a unique characteristic within the genus Parasola — the absence of pigment in their pileipellis cells.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97A2433559CE5DE8A7D6D693612E122B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
4BA75A4DDEFC5241B28B40B54D07A1C5.text	4BA75A4DDEFC5241B28B40B54D07A1C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple	<div><p>Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys &amp; Hopple</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small to medium-sized, most terrestrial, sometimes fimicolous or lignicolous. Pileus radially sulcate or almost glabrous, veil absent, sometimes with brown hair, center with depressing disc or not. Lamellae adnate or free, withering or partial deliquescent at age. Stipes hollow, most glabrous. Basidiospores flattened or not, subglobose, ellipsoid, ovoid, rounded subtriangular, rhombic, subpentangular, hexagonal in front view, ellipsoid or lentiform in side view, germ pore central or eccentric. Basidia monomorphic or dimorphic, usually 4 - spored, occasionally 2 - spored. Lamellae trama regular, colorless or in brown hue. Lamellae margin infertile, cheilocystidia abundant, subglobose, utriform, ellipsoid, sublageniform or subcylindrical. Pleurocystidia are mainly present, subglobose, utriform, sublageniform or subcylindrical. Original pileipellis a hymeniform, secondary pileipellis is a subcutis when present. Caulocystidia is only present at the upper part of stipes. Clamps present and sometimes present pseudoclamps.</p><p>Two sections in Parasola are inferred based on molecular data, scoring of macro- and micro-morphological traits (Fig. 5). Macromorphologically, consistent characters supporting the two sections include the pileus shape and the lamellae-stipe attachment type, while micromorphologically diagnostic features encompass the presence or absence of secondary pileipillis, and the basidia morphological type.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BA75A4DDEFC5241B28B40B54D07A1C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
B9B7E4645C9055C49A3E5E49E73E2C8A.text	B9B7E4645C9055C49A3E5E49E73E2C8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasola tenuissima T. Bau & L. Y. Zhu 2025	<div><p>Parasola tenuissima T. Bau &amp; L. Y. Zhu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12 a – c, 13</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiomata tiny-sized. Pileus less than 10 mm in diameter, orange-brown in center, often with a conspicuous depressed disc; stipe white to pale gray at upper part, brown to sandy beige at lower part, sometimes translucent; basidiospores 9.7–10.1 × 7.9–8.2 × 6.1–6.6 μm, most in ovoid, ellipsoid or limoniform in front view, flattened, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view, dark olive-brown to almost black; basidia dimorphic, 4 - spored; lamella trama dark olive-brown; cheilocystidia 18–49 × 11–24 μm, utriform, ellipsoid or fusiform; pleurocystidia 38–77 × 16–26 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical; pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of ellipsoid or clavate cells, sometimes subglobose or utriform with short pedicels; sclerocystidia absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ tenuissima ” refers to the slender basidiocarps of this species.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, Nanhu Park, 43°85'25"N, 125°29'98"E, 218 m a. s. l., on humus layer of broad-leaved tree, August 17 th 2022, S. E. Wang and L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 64084 (E 2208213, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata tiny-sized. Pileus 4–6 × 7–10 mm when still closed, 8–10 mm when mature, at first ovoid or ellipsoid, finally almost flattened, often with a conspicuous depressed disc at center; dry; cream to light yellow-brown at margin and orange-brown in center when young, pale gray but always with brown hue at age, sometimes with water-soaking texture; sulcate-striate almost up to center. Context extremely thin, pale brown or almost unseen, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae medium crowded, free and remote from stipe by pseudocollarium, 1 mm in wide, L = 27–32, I = 0 or 1, first white to beige, pale gray when expanded; hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 35–51 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, equal or attenuate towards the apex, slender, white to pale gray at upper part, brown to sandy beige at lower part, sometimes translucent, glabrous. Spore print not recorded.</p><p>Basidiospores [50, 4, 3] (8.9 –) 9.7–10.1 (– 12.2) × (7.4 –) 7.9–8.2 (– 9.2) × (5.9 –) 6.1–6.6 (– 6.7) μm, Q 1 = 1.10–1.47, Q 2 = 1.41–1.75, av. Q 1 = 1.25, av. Q 2 = 1.53; most in ovoid, ellipsoid or limoniform in front view, with apical papilla and convex base, flattened, ellipsoid to oblong in side view; smooth, dark olive-brown, dark red-brown to almost black, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore eccentric, 1.5–2.5 μm wide. Basidia dimorphic, 17–36 × 8–13 μm, sterigma 4–7 μm, clavate, occasionally constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - spored, surrounded with 4–6 pseudoparaphyses; obvious subhymenium unseen. Cheilocystidia abundant, 18–49 × 11–24 μm, utriform, ellipsoid or fusiform, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 38–77 × 16–26 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical, colorless, thin-walled. Lamellar trama regular, 4–7 μm wide, hyaline, dark olive-brown, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of clavate cells, sometimes subglobose or utriform with short pedicels, 16–42 × 11–23 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, colorless to light brown, 2–3 μm; pileus trama hyphae slightly interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to yellow, 4–7 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Caulopellis hyphae parallel, 2–7 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, often short-diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 10–16 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp connection and pseudoclamp present.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Solitary, subfasciculate, or in small groups grow on humus layer in broad-leaved forest with Quercus mongolica, Malus baccata, Acer and Ulmus or under bush of Chimonanthus nitens . Fruiting in August to September. Only known from northeast China.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.65328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.909946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.65328/lat 43.909946)">Qianjin Forest Farm</a>, 43°54'35.8"N, 127°39'11.8"E, 343 m a. s. l., July 23 rd 2022, L. Y. Zhu, H. B. Song and X. Wang, HMJAU 60098 (Z 22072316) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Antu County, Erdaobaihe Town, Chinese Mermanser Park, 42°41'73.7"N, 128°11'40.5"E, 719 m a. s. l., August 1 st 2022, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 64085 (Z 22080101) ; CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jingyuetan National Forest Park, 43°79'72.1"N, 125°46'52.3"E, 308 m a. s. l., August 18 th 2022, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 64086 (Z 22081803) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically, Parasola tenuissima and Parasola chowii are closely related. Distinguishing itself from the former, Parasola chowii exhibits slightly larger basidiocarps, with expanded pileus reaching up to 1.4 cm in diameter. Moreover, the lamellae are densely arranged with L = 35–41, and the basidiospores appear subglobose to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid in front view.</p><p>Known species with brown stipes in Parasola until now are only Parasola plicatilis-similis L. Nagy, Szarkándi &amp; Dima, Parasola parvula Ganga &amp; Manimohan and Parasola tenuissima, however, Parasola plicatilis-similis has relatively larger basidiocarps whose pileus are up to 15–45 mm when expanded (Szarkándi et al. 2017). Differed from Parasola tenuissima, Parasola parvula has pileus with purple hue and sparser lamellae (L = 19–20) (Ganga and Manimohan 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9B7E4645C9055C49A3E5E49E73E2C8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhu, LiYang;Bau, Tolgor	Zhu, LiYang, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Emendation of morphology and infrageneric standards of Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) and its species diversity in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 143796, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.143796
