identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6D011D6CFFA1FFE4839CFACDFD75FB83.text	6D011D6CFFA1FFE4839CFACDFD75FB83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha curvicauda (Gerstaecker 1860)	<div><p>Anastrepha curvicauda (Gerstaecker),  sensu stricto</p><p>(Figures: 1A–F; 2A–G; 7A–B)</p><p>Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker 1860: 194 . (original description).   Type locality:  St. Jean [St. John], Virgin Islands (T ♀ ZMHU)</p><p>Mikimyia furcifera Bigot 1884: xxix. (original description).  Type locality: Brazil [probably erroneous, stated by Norrbom et al. 1998] (HT ♂ UMO)</p><p>Toxotrypana fairbatesi Munro 1984: 160 (original description). Type locality: Soledad, Santa Clara, Cuba (HT ♂ SANC). Steyskal 1986: 114 (synonymy)</p><p>Anastrepha curvicauda Norrbom et al. 2018a: 838 (new combination)</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum mostly yellow with distinct submedial striae, completely separated on anterior margin and distinctly separated from dark spot on the posterior margin, often broken at transverse suture level; sublateral presutural spot usually reduced anteriorly and weakly connected to notopleural spot posteriorly. Pleuron largely yellow with only some brown or black spots on anterior anepisternum, on anepimeron, on anterior margin of katepisternum and on meron, but anatergite stripe always absent. Abdominal tergites always bicoloured with broad black stripes with yellow posterior margin; oviscape ventrally arcuate at about 45°; aculeus tip 0.42-0.47 mm long, gradually tapering towards the apex, with 50–60 of minute denticles on the lateral margins occupying about 45–51% of the apical section. This diagnosis is mainly based on the examination of Mexican specimens from different localities listed in the study material. It differs from the subspecies described here (A. c.  flavigaster) in having distinct black stripes on all abdominal tergites and a presutural sublateral spot often divided by a yellow colour. Mexican populations have been reported to feed exclusively on wild and cultivated fruits of  Carica papaya .</p><p>Redescription. Head (Figs. 1A–B,E): Macrosetae brownish black, very short and weak, medial and lateral verticals visible, 1–3 frontals present, ocellar and orbital setae absent; frons dark brown on lower ventral third, yellow dorsally; ocellar triangle blackish, brown area laterally extended to ocular margins forming prominent band; facial carina and antennal grooves yellow with ventral margin brownish; fascial carina broad, nearly straight in lateral view, ventral margin projected (especially in males); parafacial yellow, sometimes darkened; patch below eye elongate into gena, setulose yellowish; palpus yellow, apical third dark reddish; first flagellomere elongate, about 2.7–3.2 times length of pedicel; occiput yellow, with medial dark stripe on median occipital sclerite from close to neck extending dorsally to anterior suture; and with diffuse stripes on lateral sides of occipital sutures.</p><p>Thorax (1C–E): Macrosetae reduced: 2 notopleurals, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 dorsocentral, and 1 apical scutellar seta present; postpronotal and acrostichal setae absent. Postpronotal lobe and scutum including notopleuron non-microtrichose, except along postsutural margin close to postsutural supra-alar setae; scutellum disc mostly non-microtrichose. Mesonotum 3.2–4.1 mm long, 1.8–2.4 mm wide (Ms-ratio= 1.7–2x in males; 1.6-1.9x in females), mostly setulose, excluding extreme anterior portion, from scapular area to near posterior level of postpronotal lobe; medial section with prominent longitudinal indentation, especially crossing transverse suture; postpronotal lobe yellow with dark spot at anterior margin, connected to anterior portion of notopleural stripe. Scutum yellow with brown stripes or blotches; submedial stripes present, from anterior margin to shortly posterior to level of supra-alar seta, often faint on transverse suture; pre-sutural sublateral blotch broad, isolated anteriorly, but posteriorly connected to notopleural stripe; post-sutural sublateral stripe situated close to submedial stripe anteriorly, with posterior end bent laterally crossing over insertion of intra-alar seta; brown mark on scutal posterior edge broad, usually ovoid on anterior margin, spreading onto basal margin of scutellum extending on sides, rest of scutellum yellow including apical margin. Pleuron yellow with dark vertical stripe on anepisternum anteriad to suture; anepimeral vertical stripe crossing sclerite, from wing base to ventral edge; katepisternum and katatergite yellow without brown markings; anatergite with brown spot ventrally in some specimens; meron with brown spot ventrally, close to hind coxa; subscutellum entirely dark brown, and mediotergite with dark stripes on sides. Legs yellow with tawny shades on apical one-third of femora; foreleg yellow, tibia and 1-2 tarsomeres darker on dorsal margin; hind coxa brownish.</p><p>Wing (7A–B): Elongate, 9.1–11.9 mm long (W-ratio= 2.8–3.1x in males; 3–3.3x in females); pterostigma longer in females (Pt-ratio= 5.5–7.3x), strongly expanded in males (Pt-ratio= 4.1–5.1x), costal vein in male swollen having 2-3 rows of setae short, stout and spinelike; vein R 2+3 sharply sinuate or bent, usually with 2-3 accessory veins (in Mexican specimens) anteriorly- or posteriorly-directed at or near level of apex of R 1, almost touching each other. Wing pattern with Costal band yellow, unbroken along entire length of anterior margin, covering all of cells bc, c, sc, pterostigma, spread over the entire width of cells r 1, r 2+3, base of cell br, and anterior half of cell r 4+5; cell bm hyaline throughout; cell cua entirely yellow, extending this coloration on basal portion of cell cu 2, and full length of vein Cu 1; V-band missing; crossvein dm-cu orientation strongly oblique; cell cua posteroapical lobe longer than vein A 1 +Cu 2. W/M-ratio= 2.5–2.8x in males; 2.7–3.3x in females.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 1F): Syntergite 1+2 petiolate, long, nearly one-half (0.40–0.45x) of abdominal length, constricted anteriorly, brown spotted basally to mostly brown with apical third or less yellow. T3 of male dark brown on basal two thirds, apically yellow; T4-T5 mostly dark, apical margins yellow; T3-T5 of female brown, approximately apical one-half yellow; T6 mostly yellow, basal margin sometimes dark brown.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs. 2E–G): Oviscape length 13.4–22.6 mm (Χ= 20.1 mm), arched ventrally approximately 45°;eversible membrane with dorsobasal denticles strongly sclerotized and arranged in triangular pattern;spermatheca nearly globular with wrinkled surface; aculeus tip tapering gradually to apex, 0.42–0.47 mm long, 0.13–0.14 mm wide basally (Ac-ratio= 3.2–3.4), lateral margins with approximately 50–60 minute serrations, occupying distal 0.19–0.24 mm (45-51% of aculeus tip length).</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs. 2A–D): Epandrium yellow with posterodorsal margin evenly rounded; proctiger membranous, basally sclerotized; lateral surstylus short and broad, apically rounded; medial surstylus, approximately as long as lateral surstylus, with two robust prensisetae; phallus very elongate, glans mostly translucid, with big basal lobe, and apical sclerite evident.</p><p>Material Examined.   MEXICO. Chiapas:  Mazapa de Madero,  28/III/1984, F Fernández (1♂, 2♀ IEXA);  same locality, V /1986 (1♂ IEXA); El Lagartero,  6/IV/1979, C Beutelspacher (1♂ IEXA); Talkián, Unión Juárez,  12-I-2006, tr McPhail (mtDNA). Oaxaca: Chimalapa, Arroyo Pita, 20/ VI  /2006, E Antonio (1♂, 2♀ IEXA); Chimalapa, Rancho Zacatal, E Antonio  17/VII/2007 (1 ♀ IEXA); Temascal,  23/X/1963, DH Janzen (1♂ UCB);  Santa María Chimalapa, ND, 00/ VI  /2023, Ex-larvae in  Carica papaya (3♂, 6♀ IEXA)  .   Quintana Roo: F. Carrillo Puerto, Dzulá, 00/06/2016, M. López, ex-larvae  Carica papaya (4♂, 2♀ IEXA)  .   Tamaulipas:  Reynosa, El Huisache ,  18/I/1936, HS Hensley (1♀ USNM);   S of Reynosa,  27/XI/ 1935, HS Hensley (1♀ USNM); Hacienda Santa Engracia,  21/IV/1905, Baker etal (21♂ USNM) .   Veracruz:  Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas, 160 m ,   20/VIII/1990, R  Pérez and J Valenzuela, ex-larvae  Carica papaya (35♂, 25♀ IEXA) ;  same data 14/ VI  /1990 (4♂, 3♀ IEXA);  same locality,  1 III 1985, A Ibarra (1♀ IEXA);  13/IV/1986, E Ramírez &amp; P Sinaca (1♀ IEXA);   8/X/1985, V  Hernández (1♂ IEXA) ;   11-13/VII/1990, R  Pérez (1♂, 1♀ IEXA) ;   Potrero del Llano,  02/IV/1999, M López (1♂ IEXA);  same locality  25/III/1999, M López ((1♀ IEXA);  Monte Blanco,  5/III/1991, A Zúñiga &amp; E Piedra (1♂ IEXA); Tampico Alto, reared ex fruit “cahuayote cimarron”,   18/XI/1941, AC  Baker #1645 (11♂, 8♀ USNM) ; Tuxpan (Tuxpam),  21/IX/1941 (3♂ USNM);Apazapan,  20/XI/1991, G Quintero &amp; L Quiroz (1♀ IEXA);  same locality: 03/ VI  /1991 (1♂ IEXA);  31/VII/1991 (1♀ IEXA);  5/II/1992 (2♀ IEXA);  11/II/1992 (1♀ IEXA);  19/II/1992 (2♂, 1♀ IEXA);  5/III/1992 (1♀ IEXA);  18/III/1992 (1♂, 2♀ IEXA);  26/III/1992 (2♀ IEXA);  1/IV/1992 (1♀ IEXA);  15/IV/1992 (1♀ IEXA);  23/IV/1992 (1♂ IEXA);  29/ IV/1992 (2♀ IEXA); 6/ V  /1992 (1♂, 1 ♀ IEXA); 14/ V  /1992 (2♂, 3♀ IEXA); 20/ V  /1992 (4♂, 4♀ IEXA); 27/ V  /1992 (2♂ IEXA); 3/ VI  /1992 (1♂ IEXA); 10/ VI  /1992 (3♂, 2♀ IEXA); 17/ V  /1992 (1♀ IEXA); 24/ VI  /1992 (1♂, 3♀ IEXA); Apazapan, Tigrillos,   09-X-2021, V Hernández &amp; F Dzul, Multilure trap (1♂, 5♀ IEXA mtDNA);  Apazapan,   25/I/2021, R  Lasa (mtDNA)  .</p><p>Host plants.  Carica papaya L. ( Caricaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D011D6CFFA1FFE4839CFACDFD75FB83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente;Fuente, Laura Navarro De La;Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente, Fuente, Laura Navarro De La, Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa (2025): A review of the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the curvicauda species group within the genus Anastrepha in Mexico including descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 241-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2
6D011D6CFFA6FFE9839CFBA1FE16FCCF.text	6D011D6CFFA6FFE9839CFBA1FE16FCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha curvicauda subsp. flavigaster Hernandez-Ortiz 2025	<div><p>Anastrepha curvicauda flavigaster Hernández-Ortiz,  new subspecies</p><p>(Figs. 3A–F; 4A–H; 7C–D)</p><p>Anastrepha curvicauda (Castrejón-Ayala 1987; Jiménez-Pérez &amp; Villa-Ayala 2009). Specimens reared in  Jacaratia mexicana .  Anastrepha curvicauda (Castrejón-Ayala &amp; Camino-Lavín 1991) . Specimens reared in  Gonolobus sororius .</p><p>Anastrepha curvicauda (Aluja et al. 1997) . Specimens reared in  Carica papaya belonging to Morelos.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum with separate submedial stripes along entire length, often narrowed or blurred at transverse suture; black spot on the posterior margin of scutum is extended anteriorly just before to mid-length of postsutural scutum; presutural sublateral spot ovoid, separated anteriorly from dark posterior line to postpronotal lobe, but largely merging posteriorly with notopleuron mark. Pleuron is predominantly yellow with dark brown markings on the anepisternum, anepimeron and meron, but anatergite stripe is always absent. Abdominal tergites entirely yellow to orange with no brown or black markings. Oviscape arcuate ventrally at about 50-60°; aculeus tip 0.43-0.47 mm long, tapering gradually to apex, with finely serrate lateral margins bearing about 44-53 teeth per side, covering 41–46% of apical tip length. This new subspecies closely resembles  A. curvicauda (sensu stricto), from which it differs in having all tergites yellow to orange, never with black bands on any of abdominal segments, and in having the presutural sublateral spot typically entire, forming a compact mark. In addition to breeding papaya fruits, this subspecies also feeds on  Jacaratia mexicana and  Gonolobus sororius, both native Mesoamerican host plants.</p><p>Description. Head (Figs. 3A–B,E): Macrosetae black, short and weak; medial and lateral vertical setae conspicuous, 1–3 frontal setae weak, ocellar and orbital setae absent; frons yellow with scattered long yellow setulae; narrow diffuse brown spot, near lunule, often covering 1/5 of anterior margin, sometimes absent. Ocellar triangle and vertex entirely black forming band connecting both eyes, widening on lateral edges; face yellow with dark marking along lower margin, sometimes extending onto facial carina; occiput yellow with diffuse brown marking extending from occipital foramen about 2/3 of height; edges of occipital sutures with diffuse brown markings.</p><p>Thorax (Figs. 3 C-E): Mesonotum 3.2–4.5 mm long, 2–2.7 mm wide (Ms-ratio= 1.5–1.8x in males; 1.4–1.8x in females), covered by yellow setulae, except on anterior margin and partially on postpronotal lobe; macrosetae small and weak, reddish brown, 1 supra-alar postsutural, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 dorsocentral, 1 apical scutellar, and 2 notopleurals stouter than all the above; postpronotal, acrostichal and basal scutellar setae absent; scutum with submedial brown stripes separated lengthwise, faint or blurred at transverse suture; sublateral presutural mark ovoid, almost touching notopleural mark anteriorly, and joined posteriorly to it; notopleural mark extending over posterior border of postpronotal lobe; sublateral postsutural brown mark outwardly curved at posterior end, passing almost below intra-alar seta; posterior scutal mark triangular-shaped, extending slightly onto base of scutellum dorsally and on lateral margin along basal scutellar margin and basal sides, posterior margin of scutellum yellow medially; subscutellum with black lateral markings separate medially; mediotergite with black lateral markings. Pleuron mostly yellow, with anepisternal brown stripe anterior to suture; anepimeral stripe from wing base to ventral margin; katepisternum and anatergite entirely yellow; meron brown spotted close to hind coxa. Legs mostly yellow to orange, foretibia reddish brown, including 1-2 tarsomeres coated by brown pilosity.</p><p>Wing (7C-D): Measurements 10.1–12.6 mm long, 3.4-4.4 mm width (W-ratio= 2.5–2.9x in males; 2.6–3.2x in females); pterostigma elongate in females (Pt-ratio= 5.5–7.7x), and strongly expanded in males (Pt-ratio= 4.1–4.6x); vein R 2+3 sharply sinuate at level of R-M and R 1, with 1-3 accessory veins running anteriorly or posteriorly; wing hyaline with Costal band yellow, broad and unbroken from base to apical wing margin, often with semi-hyaline patches at apex of cells r 1 and r 2+3; cell br yellow basal to level of bm, more distally coloration confined to posterior border entire vein R 4+5; cell bm hyaline; cell cua yellow, continuing to base of cell cu 1, and along vein Cu 1. W/Mratio= 2.5–2.9 in males; 2.7–3.4 in females.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3F): Length 6.3–8.52 mm; all tergites entirely yellow to orange in both males and females, covered by yellow pilosity; tergites with apical margins pale yellow or whitish; T6 of female pale yellow, oviscape mostly yellow, somewhat broader on basal one-fifth of length.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 4 F-H): Oviscape arched ventrally approximately 50-60°, length 11.3–23.6 mm (X= 17.3 mm); spermatheca almost globular in shape, surface with small lobes giving crowded appearance; aculeus tip tapering gradually to apex, 0.43–0.47 mm long, and basal width 0.13–0.18 mm (At-ratio= 2.6–3.3x); lateral margins finely serrate with approximately 44–53 teeth per side, occupying 0.18–0.22 mm of aculeus tip; width 0.11–0.12 mm at beginning of serrations (occupying 41-46% of tip length).</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs. 4 A-D): Epandrium rounded above, lateral surstylus broad basally, oblong with blunt apical end in lateral view; medial surstylus about as long as lateral surstylus, with two large, stout prensisetae; glans elongate semi-translucid, with conspicuous basal sclerite and large basal lobe, apically with slightly sclerotised stripe.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype male (IEXA) MEXICO. Morelos: Tepoztlán,  Santo Domingo, 16/II/1991, L Quiroz, ex-larvae  Gonolobus sororius .</p><p>Paratypes: Morelos: same data as holotype (32♂, 35♀ IEXA);   Ocotitlán, 16/II/1991, L Quiroz (3♂ IEXA) ;   8.5 Km S  Yautepec 1060m, 3/X/1990, F Castrejón, ex-larvae  Gonolobus sororius [error as  G. sorodius] (5♂, 8♀ IEXA) ;  same data, 7-9/XI/1990 (2♂, 4♀ IEXA);   Yautepec, 00/ V /2007, P Villa Ayala, ex-larvae  Carica papaya (11♂, 13♀ IEXA) ;   San Isidro 1100m, 16/X/2007, P Villa Ayala, ex-larvae  Carica papaya (15♂, 22♀ IEXA) ;   Coatlán del Río, 17/X/1988, P Galindo (2♂, 3♀ IEXA) ;   Xoxocotla, 24/IX/1987, G Hernández (1♂ IEXA) ;   San Rafael Zaragoza, 01/X/2021, R Lasa, ex-larvae  Carica papaya (mtDNA)  .   Guerrero: Iguala, finca  Aurora; 12/XII/1987, Z Figueroa (2♂, 1♀ IEXA) ,  same locality: 13/II/1987, Z Figueroa (2♂, 2♀ IEXA);   Leonardo Bravo, Chichihualco,  Rancho La Herradura 1341m, 09/X/2011, tr McPhail, Y Torres (1♂ IEXA) ;   Chilapa de Alvarez,  Atzacoaloya 1044m, 09/ VI /2012, tr McPhail, ML González (1♂ IEXA) ;   Chilpancingo,  Acahuizotla 820, 10/ V /2011, Ernesto LH (1♀ IEXA)  .  Jalisco: La Huerta, La Concepción, 15/IV/1999, R Rodríguez (1♂, 1♀ IEXA);   Est Biol Chamela UNAM, 8/VII/1991, E Ramírez (1♂, IEXA) ;  same data, 1-8/ V /1992 (2♂, 1♀ in poor condition IEXA) .   Michoacán: Ziracuaretiro, huerto  San Rafael, 3/XI/2001, tr McPhail (1♀ IEXA) ;  same locality, 21/III/2002 (2♀ IEXA);   Ziracuaretiro,  Las Mesas, 26/ VI /2001 (1♀ IEXA)  .</p><p>Additional records:   MEXICO. Morelos:  Puente de Ixtla, 27/ VI   /1981, CPE-266, t. McPhail (2♀ USNM);  Yautepec, 17/VIII/63, MW   McFadden (1♂ USNM); San Isidro, 20/IX/1991, AL Norrbom &amp; L Quiroz (3♂, 4♀ USNM);  Cocoyoc, 10/X/1956, CM   Yoshimoto (2♀ USNM);  Cuautla, IX/1974, CC   Montalvo, “host papaya” (1♂, 1♀ USNM);  Cuernavaca, AC  Baker (1♂, 1♀ USNM);   Guerrero: Iguala, finca  Aurora, 17/XI/1987, Z Figueroa (2♀ IEXA); same data, / VII/1987 Z Figueroa (2♂, 2♀ IEXA)  .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name of this subspecies stems from the combination of two words: the Latin adjective flavus = yellow; and from Greek noun gaster = abdomen, in reference to the abdominal tergites entirely yellow, a distinctive feature from all other known species in the  curvicauda species group.</p><p>Host plants.  Carica papaya L. ( Caricaceae);  Jacaratia mexicana A.DC. ( Caricaceae);  Gonolobus sororius A.Gray ( Apocynaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D011D6CFFA6FFE9839CFBA1FE16FCCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente;Fuente, Laura Navarro De La;Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente, Fuente, Laura Navarro De La, Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa (2025): A review of the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the curvicauda species group within the genus Anastrepha in Mexico including descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 241-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2
6D011D6CFFABFFED839CFC6DFEFDFED3.text	6D011D6CFFABFFED839CFC6DFEFDFED3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha magnifica Hernandez-Ortiz 2025	<div><p>Anastrepha magnifica Hernández-Ortiz,  new species</p><p>(Figs. 5A–F; Figs. 6A–H; Figs. 7E–F)</p><p>Diagnosis. The basal colour of the scutum is mostly yellow in this new species; black submedial longitudinal stripes are present, which always fuse posteriorly to form a single stalk that joins the scutum-scutellar mark; the post-sutural lateral stripe is absent. Pleuron predominantly yellow, with a diagonal stripe on the anterior anepisternum, one on the anepimeron and one on the anatergite, plus a spot on the anterior katepisternal margin and another on the meron. Scutellum is mostly yellow, with only a black basal margin and a blackish stripe from the basal margin and along the entire apical margin. Females with aculeus tip gradually tapering towards the apex, with numerous small lateral teeth (&gt; 40 per side), which extend for about 38-47% of the length of aculeus tip. The new species shows similarities to  A. recurcauda and  A. littoralis but differs in the presence of numerous teeth on the aculeus tip (&gt;40 teeth per side), as opposed to a few minute teeth on the aculeus tip of  A. littoralis or a non-serrated tip of  A. recurcauda .</p><p>Description. Head: (Figs. 5 A-B,E): Macrosetae black, most weak and short; 2-3 frontals, 1 orbital; 1 medial vertical; ocellar, postocellar, and lateral vertical setae absent; head mostly yellow; facial carina broad, straight in lateral view, antennal groove with longitudinal black stripe ventrally; gena with black spot below eye, almost reaching oral margin; frons dark brown anteriorly, brown mark not reaching to ocular margins; vertex with interocular black spots joined to ocellar triangle, rather projected anteriorly.</p><p>Thorax (Figs. 5 C-E): Mesonotum 4.4–4.8 mm long, 2.4–2.7 mm wide (Ms-ratio= 2.8–3.1x in males; 2.9–3.4x in females); 2 notopleurals, 1 supra-alar postsutural, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, and 1 apical scutellar setae present; postpronotal, dorsocentral, acrostichal, and basal scutellar setae absent; scutum largely yellow, setulose yellow; two submedial stripes separate at anterior margin, often narrowly connected along transverse suture, connected posterior to medial brown mark on posterior margin of scutum, extending across scuto-scutellar suture slightly onto disc of scutellum; two presutural sublateral spots, both connected separately to notopleural markings, posterior one longer and distant from postpronotal lobe; postsutural sublateral stripe separate from submedial stripe; scutellum mostly yellow with black band from sides to apical margin; subscutellum with lateral marks, separated medially; mediotergite with lateral black stripes, rarely with additional diffuse medial spot; pleuron mostly yellow with oblique stripe along mid-upper of anepisternum; slender anepimeral stripe from wing base to upper margin of katepisternum; anatergite stripe present; meron spotted; basalare spot present.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 7 E-F): Length of 9.9–13.5 mm, 3.1–4.4 mm wide (W-ratio= 3.1–3.2x in males; 3.0–3.2x in females); pterostigma elongate in females (Pt-ratio= 5.4–6.6x) than males (Pt-ratio= 4.3–5.2x); costal band mostly yellowish from base to apex of wing, between Costal and R 4+5 veins, besides other diffuse coloration on cell bm-cu extended to basal mid-length of cell CuA 1; veins R 1 dorsally setulose in all length; R 4+5 dorsally setulose approximately to level of crossvein R-M; vein M apex weakly curved anteriorly; cell cua with inferior apical extension nearly as long as body length of cell; alula bare. Costal vein of male with compressed short setulae reaching vein R 1 at least; vein R 4+5 strongly sinuous to level of crossvein R-M, almost touching vein R 1, usually with 1-2 accessory-veins. W/M-ratio= 2.8–3.1x in males; 2.9–3.4x in females.</p><p>Legs mostly yellow; fore-femur brown spotted apically, tibia and tarsus with blackish pilosity on outer margin; mid- and hind-femora dark brown spotted basally and apically, tibiae and tarsi orange reddish; hind-coxa and trochanter brown.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 5F): Length of terga 7.5–8.2 mm, yellow setulose; syntergite 1+2 dark brown on middle, yellow on sides and posterior margin; T3-T5 brown, apical margins yellow; T5 of male brown; T6 of female mostly yellow, sometimes with diffuse lateral markings.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs. 6 D-F): Oviscape yellow basally and dark brown dorsally, U-shaped abruptly arched beyond basal third, 23.4–35.8 mm long (X= 28.4 mm); spermatheca distinctly oblong, about 4 times longer than wide, surface strongly roughened resembling a conglomerate; aculeus tip length 0.34–0.37 mm, basal width 0.10– 0.12 mm (Ac-ratio= 3.1–3.4x), with a serrate section 0.13–0.17 mm long, occupying approximately one third of the aculeus tip length.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs. 6 A-C): Epandrium yellow, often with two anterior and posterior dark stripes; lateral surstylus stout basally, shortly elongated, with a sharp pointed projection posteriorly at apical end; medial surstylus somewhat shorter than lateral surstylus, with two well-developed rounded prensisetae; glans elongate, weakly sclerotized internally, T-shaped sclerite present, plus other weak sclerotization both at the base of glans, and along the apical duct.</p><p>Material Examined.   Holotype (male IEXA) MEXICO. Veracruz: Xalapa,  Parque Natura 1300m, 27/XII/2017, V Hernández &amp; S Guillén, ex-larvae  Gonolobus erianthus .</p><p>Paratypes. MEXICO. Veracruz: Xalapa,  Parque Natura 1300m, 27/XII/2017, V Hernández &amp; S Guillén, ex-larvae  Gonolobus erianthus (9♂, 11♀ IEXA, mtDNA)  .</p><p>Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas UNAM ,  10/II/1991, V  Hernández &amp; J Valenzuela, ex-larvae  Gonolobus fraternus (55♂, 26♀ IEXA); same locality: 08/X/1985, V  Hernandez-Ortiz (1♀ IEXA); 29/I/1986, A Ibarra (1♀ IEXA); 09/IV/1987, C Mayorga &amp; L Cervantes (2♀ IEXA); 09/I/1990, R Pérez (1♀ IEXA); Xalapa, Jardín Botánico FJ Clavijero, 02/ VI /1989, V Hernandez (1♀ IEXA); 26/IV/1991, V  Hernández (1♂ IEXA); 30/VII/1993, L Delgado (1♀ IEXA); Coatepec,  Briones, 16-VIII-2021, R   Lasa, ex-larvae  Gonolobus erianthus (mtDNA). Tamaulipas, Gómez Farías, Km 6 Alta Cima 850m, 03/XII/2003, L Cervantes &amp; B Campbell, ex-larvae  Gonolobus niger (15♂, 7♀ IEXA, mtDNA)  .</p><p>Etymology. The term “ magnificus ” belongs from the Latin word for beauty or splendour, in reference to the splendid appearance of this fly. The female has an exceptionally long oviscape compared to any other species of the  curvicauda group.</p><p>Host plants.  Gonolobus fraternus Schltdl.;  Gonolobus erianthus Decne.; and  Gonolobus niger (Cav.) Schult. ( Apocynaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D011D6CFFABFFED839CFC6DFEFDFED3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente;Fuente, Laura Navarro De La;Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente, Fuente, Laura Navarro De La, Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa (2025): A review of the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the curvicauda species group within the genus Anastrepha in Mexico including descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 241-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2
6D011D6CFFAFFFED839CFE51FB23F991.text	6D011D6CFFAFFFED839CFE51FB23F991.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha littoralis (Blanchard 1960)	<div><p>Anastrepha littoralis (Blanchard)</p><p>(Figs. 5 G–H)</p><p>Toxotrypana littoralis Blanchard 1959 (1960): 36 (original description)</p><p>Holotype female (MACN) [3 labels]: Argentina, Corrientes, I-1939;  Toxotrypana curvicauda Gers. [det. E.E. Blanchard];  Toxotrypana littoralis Blnchd. il. [EE Blanchard]. [examined in USNM].</p><p>During a visit to the USNM in 1992 VHO examined the type specimen. This species does not occur in Mexico, but we have included it here to distinguish it from other closely related species such as  A. magnifica n. sp. In the original description,  Blanchard stated: “It is a female collected in Corrientes [Argentina] and reared from a  C. papaya fruit. Formerly it was identified as  T. curvicauda, however differs from it by the mesonotal submedial stripes extending to scutellar base and by the intense wing coloration”.</p><p>Notes on the holotype. Small female specimen. Head: mostly yellow; frontal black spot present on inferior margin of upper lunule; vertex with blackish stripe joining ocular margins; antennal grooves with longitudinal black stripe reaching oral margin; gena black spot below eye; frontal and orbital setae indistinct; ocellar seta weakly present; medial and lateral vertical setae absent, but insertion sockets evident.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 5I): Mesonotum 2.59 mm long, 1.47 mm wide (Ms-ratio= 1. 8x); scutum yellow, with submedial dark striae extending to posterior margin, fused separately with dark mark of scuto-scutellar suture; presutural lateral striae partially divided, fused in two parts with notopleural mark; postsutural lateral striae narrowly separated anteriad of submedial striae, fused laterally at posterior margin with scuto-scutellar mark; scutellum yellow with dark brown marginal striae, weak on apical border; mediotergite with lateral dark spots. Pleuron yellow; anepisternal stripe broad, extending from behind spiracle to upper margin of katepisternum; anepimeral stripe from below wing base to margin of katepisternum; katepisternum two-spotted, one large upper and one lower just above basal midcoxa; anatergite stripe weakly visible in holotype.</p><p>Wing: Elongate 9.53 mm long, 4.28 mm wide (W-ratio= 2.2x); pattern like other species of the  curvicauda group (Fig. 5G). Abdomen: Length 4.28 mm; all tergites yellow with black stripes on posterior apical margin.</p><p>Female terminalia: Oviscape curved ventrally about 45°, length 12.8 mm; aculeus tip gradually tapering to apex, 0.39 mm long with few minute denticles (only visible at high magnification), barely covering 0.05 mm of apical end (≈13.1% of tip length) (Fig. 5H).</p><p>Distribution: It was first described from Argentina. Norrbom et al. (1998) later reported a continent-wide distribution from Guatemala to Venezuela, following the Andes to Argentina. It is likely that the populations distributed along the Americas represent several species, which needs further investigation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D011D6CFFAFFFED839CFE51FB23F991	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente;Fuente, Laura Navarro De La;Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente, Fuente, Laura Navarro De La, Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa (2025): A review of the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the curvicauda species group within the genus Anastrepha in Mexico including descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 241-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2
6D011D6CFFAFFFEC839CF996FA29FB92.text	6D011D6CFFAFFFEC839CF996FA29FB92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker 1860	<div><p>Key to the species of the  curvicauda group of  Anastrepha</p><p>1.- Pleuron largely yellow with sparse dark brown markings; scutum mostly yellow with well differentiated submedial stripes, always separated from the spot on scutal posterior margin; black stripe on anatergite always absent.................... 2</p><p>1’.- Pleuron largely black or dark brown, with few yellow or whitish streaks; scutum mostly dark brown, without distinguishable submedial stripes; tergites and sternites of abdomen extensively dark brown; if scutum is mainly yellow with noticeable stripes, then submedial stripes are always connected posteriorly to brown marking of the posterior scutum; anatergite stripe present.... 4</p><p>2.- Abdominal tergites entirely yellow to orange; presutural sublateral patch usually complete and large, widely attached to notopleural spot; scutum posterior mark extending up to about one-half the postsutural scutum length......................................................................  A. curvicauda flavigaster Hernández-Ortiz,  new subspecies</p><p>2’.- Abdominal tergites bicolored black to dark-brown, with posterior margins yellow, other characters variable.............. 3</p><p>3.- Presutural sublateral mark often reduced anteriorly, weakly attached to notopleural mark posteriorly; long submedial stripes extending beyond level of supraalars, down close the level of postalar setae; lateral bases of scutellum black spotted.........................................................................  A. curvicauda (Gerstaecker),  sensu stricto</p><p>3’.- Presutural sublateral spot always compact ovoid; submedial stripes relatively short, separated anteriorly or weakly connected to sublateral stripes, projecting slightly below transverse suture, reaching approximately to level of supraalar setae; notopleuron yellow or black spotted; abdominal tergites II-V brown or sometimes yellow at posterior apical margins; lateral bases of scutellum yellow, without basal black markings.................................  A. nigrotaenia (Enderlein) [in part]</p><p>4.- Head, mesonotum and pleuron mostly yellow; submedial stripes long and well differentiated, unbroken from anterior margin to join posteriorly with black mark on posterior margin of scutum; diagonal stripe of anatergite usually present........... 5</p><p>4’.- Head, mesonotum, pleuron and abdominal tergites predominantly dark brown to black; scutum dark brown to black devoid of distinct submedial stripes, or sometimes with thin yellow lines starting from inner edge of postpronotal lobe, bending outwards at crossing of transverse suture extending to the sublateral margin of scutum; two short yellow stripes along the line of dorsocentral setae; scutellum mostly blackish, with occasional pale yellow disc colouration................................................................................................  A. nigrotaenia (Enderlein) [in part]</p><p>5.- Submedial stripes merging into a single stalk, shortly before joining to scutal mark on posterior margin; postsutural sublateral stripes often separated laterally from posterior scutal mark; female aculeus tip with numerous small teeth (&gt; 40 teeth per side), shape of tip variable................................................................................... 6</p><p>5’.- Submedial stripes often weak over transverse suture, typically attached independently to the spot on posterior margin of scutum; postsutural sublateral stripes connected laterally to scutal posterior mark; female aculeus tip tapering gradually to apex, toothless or only with few minute serrations (≤ 20 teeth per side) confined to approximately 1/7 of tip length........ 7</p><p>6.- Postsutural lateral stripe absent; postsutural sublateral stripe always separated inferiorly from spot on posterior scutum; presutural sublateral spot split into two parts, connected anteriorly and posteriorly to dark markings of notopleuron; oviscape 23.4-35.8 mm long (X= 28.4 mm); aculeus tip tapering gradually to the apex, 0.34-0.37 mm long, with apical section serrated occupying 0.13-0.17 mm ............................................  A. magnifica Hernández-Ortiz,  new species</p><p>6’.- Postsutural lateral stripe present; postsutural sublateral stripe posteriorly always connected to spot of posterior scutum; presutural spot compact and large (not partitioned); oviscape 7.3-9.7 mm long; aculeus tip triangular-shaped, 0.25-0.30 mm long, with a serrate section occupying 0.19-0.22 mm of length.......................  A. ligiae Martínez-Alava &amp; Serna</p><p>7.- Submedial stripes complete along the entire length, reaching down the blackspot of the scutum; oviscape length 13.4 mm; aculeus tip 0.38 mm long, 0.10 mm of basal width (Ac-ratio= 3.8x), with only few minute denticles (only visible under high magnification), scarcely covering 0.05 mm of apical end....................................  A. littoralis (Blanchard)</p><p>7’.- Submedial stripes faint on transverse suture, and close to posterior margin of scutum; oviscape length 23.7-25.5 mm; aculeus tip 0.38 mm long, 0.11 mm basal width (Ac-ratio= 3.5x), non-serrate along entire tip length (Ecuador)...................................................................................................  A. recurcauda (Tigrero)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D011D6CFFAFFFEC839CF996FA29FB92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente;Fuente, Laura Navarro De La;Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa	Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente, Fuente, Laura Navarro De La, Covarrubias, Rodrigo Lasa (2025): A review of the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the curvicauda species group within the genus Anastrepha in Mexico including descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 241-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.2
