identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AE5564907A7C52A8B1C1F60DE0039565.text	AE5564907A7C52A8B1C1F60DE0039565.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus albivillus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus albivillus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 A, B, 15</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from Latin ‘ albus’ (white) and ‘ villus’ (downy), referring to the white downy hairs on the pileus surface.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus albivillus differs from P. velutinus by its pileus surface with white villi, flocculose lamellae edges, fibrous stipe, and two forms of pleurocystidia (fusiform and narrowly clavate to clavate). The ITS genetic distance is 0.058 (SE = 0.010), tef 1 genetic distance is 0.106 (SE = 0.031).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.690647" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04253/lat 48.690647)">Altay Kanas National Forest Park</a>. 48°41'26.33"N, 87°02'33.09"E, alt. 1287 m. Scattered on decaying wood of Xinjiang larch ( L. sibirica). 21 August 2022, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66613 (Collection no.: Qi 1117) (ITS: PQ 810759, LSU: PQ 810736, tef 1: PQ 811046).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 24–29 mm diam; hemispherical when young, brown (10 R 5 / 2); expanding to convex, moderate reddish brown (10 R 5 / 2) to weak reddish brown (2.5 R 5 / 2); surface covered with fine villous covering when dry, hygrophanous when damp, smooth, margin inflexed. Lamellae free, 3–5 mm wide, crowded, initially white (10 P 9 / 2) to later pink (5 R 9 / 2), unequal, thicker, with flocculose edges; lamellar edge concolorous to the sides. Stipe 30–35 × 3–5 mm, clavate, slightly expanded at the base, fibrous, surface with longitudinal striate, hyaline to white (10 P 9 / 2) in the upper part, transitioning downward to brown (10 R 5 / 2) to dark brown (2.5 R 5 / 2). Spore print unknown.</p><p>Basidiospores [90 / 3 / 1] (– 6.5) 7.0–8.0 (– 8.5) × 5.5–6.5 (– 7.0) µm, avL × avW = 7.3–7.6 × 5.8–6.0 µm, Q = 1.07–1.34 µm, avQ = 1.20–1.25 µm, subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 26–32 × 7–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 49–86 × 20–36 μm, few, scattered, two forms, one narrowly clavate to clavate, bluntly rounded apically, the other long fusiform, pointed apically, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 35–66 × 12–21 μm, abundant, clustered, clavate, pyriform to narrowly clavate, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm formed of variable and often mixed elements, from short and rounded to clavate, subfusiform or cylindrical terminal elements, 57–130 × 15–36 μm, with pale brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 3–6 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 33–67 × 11–20 μm, clustered, narrowly clavate to clavate, apically obtusely rounded, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on decaying wood of Xinjiang larch ( L. sibirica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus albivillus is primarily characterized by fine white villi on the pileus surface (which appear smooth when wet), flocculose lamellae edges, dimorphic pleurocystidia (one form narrowly clavate to clavate, the other long-fusiform), and ecological association with decaying Larix sibirica wood.</p><p>Morphologically, P. albivillus shares similarities with P. velutinus, both producing basidiomata and basidiospores of comparable dimensions (Malysheva et al. 2016; Ferisin and Dovana 2018). However, these taxa can be distinguished by both macroscopic and microscopic features. Macroscopically, P. albivillus exhibits flocculose lamellae edges and a harder, more fibrous stipe, whereas P. velutinus has flush lamellae edges and a brittle, bony stipe. Microscopically, P. albivillus produces dimorphic pleurocystidia (narrowly clavate to clavate and fusiform) lacking apical projections, and narrowly clavate cheilocystidia. In contrast, P. velutinus forms uniformly fusiform pleurocystidia, some bearing 1–2 unequal apical projections, and lageniform to narrowly utriform cheilocystidia with elongated necks (Malysheva et al. 2016; Ferisin and Dovana 2018).</p><p>P. albivillus might also be confused with P. punctipes due to the brownish pileus tones and minute fibrous scales on the surface of both species. These taxa can be distinguished primarily by pleurocystidia dimensions, with P. albivillus producing shorter elements (≤ 86 µm) compared to the longer pleurocystidia (≤ 100 µm) of P. punctipes (Orton 1960) .</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. albivillus forms a distinct, well-supported branch (MLB = 97, BPP = 0.99, Fig. 1), paraphyletic with P. baishanzuensis . P. albivillus is distinguished from P. baishanzuensis by its pileus with fine white villi, larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.3–7.6 × 5.8–6.0 µm), and preference for gymnosperm substrates in northwestern China (Xinjiang). In contrast, P. baishanzuensis exhibits a pileus with brown glandular dots, smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.3–5.6 µm), and a preference for angiosperm substrates in southeastern China (Zhejiang). These distinctions are further supported by genetic distances of 0.037 (SE = 0.008) for ITS and 0.105 (SE = 0.017) for tef 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE5564907A7C52A8B1C1F60DE0039565	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
7904921AC94657A28A8558B6A405800F.text	7904921AC94657A28A8558B6A405800F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus baishanzuensis Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus baishanzuensis Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 C – G, 14</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>baishanzu, for the geographic origin of the type collection.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus baishanzuensis differs from P. lauracearum by its brown glandular dots on the surface of the pileus, exceeding lamellae on the margin of the pileus, small basidiospores, and thin-walled pleurocystidia. The ITS genetic distance is 0.073 (SE = 0.014).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province, Baishanzu National Forest Park, 27°56'26.52"N, 119°18'79.45"E, alt. 1525 m. 2 August 2024, R. P. Liu, FJAU 66622 (Collection no.: Liu 191) (ITS: PQ 810761, LSU: PQ 810738, tef 1: PQ 811048).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 23–32 mm diam; convex or plano-convex; surface white (2.5 Y 9 / 2), central part covered with brown (5 YR 5 / 2) to light brown (2.5 Y 5 / 2) glandular dots or finely pruinose, forming dark brown (2.5 YR 5 / 2) vein-like striate, extend to the margin; smooth, hygrophanous; margin exceeding lamellae. Context white (2.5 P 9 / 2). Lamellae free, 3–7 mm wide, moderately crowded, initially white (10 P 9 / 2) to later flesh-pink (5 R 9 / 2), unequal, thicker, slightly ventricose, edges flocculose, and white or slightly pink. Stipe 36–46 × 1–3 mm, fibrous, hollow, clavate, base expanded into a bulbous, the upper part of the stipe hyaline (2.5 P 9 / 2) to white (10 P 9 / 2), transitioning downward to brown (5 YR 5 / 2) to dark brown (2.5 YR 5 / 2), the surface covered with white finely pruinose (10 P 9 / 2). Spore print pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [120 / 5 / 2] 6.0–6.5 (– 7.0) × 5.0–6.0 (– 6.5) µm, avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.3–5.6 µm, Q = 1.08–1.20 µm, avQ = 1.13–1.18 µm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 24–31 × 8–12 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate. Pleurocystidia 47–95 × 16–31 μm, rare, scattered, fusiform or broadly subfusiform, bluntly rounded apically, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 35–66 × 12–21 μm, abundant, clustered, mostly clavate to narrowly clavate, a few subfusiform, bluntly rounded apically, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, with terminal elements 66–133 × 19–25 μm, long clavate, narrowly clavate, subcylindric or subfusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–7 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 31–53 × 15–28 μm, clustered, narrowly clavate to clavate or broadly clavate, apically obtusely rounded, with brownish intracellular pigment, smooth, thick-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary to scattered on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees ( Quercus myrsinifolia Blume).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Zhejiang Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province, Baishanzu National Forest Park, 27°76'5.02"N, 119°18'79.54"E, alt. 1535 m. 1 August 2024, R. P. Liu, FJAU 66621 (Collection no.: Liu 178) (ITS: PQ 810762, LSU: PQ 810739, tef 1: PQ 811049) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus baishanzuensis is distinguished by its thin pileus with brownish glandular dots on the surface, moderately crowded lamellae, and distribution restricted to East Asia (China).</p><p>Morphologically, P. baishanzuensis shares similarities with P. lauracearum but can be differentiated by several key features: P. baishanzuensis possesses an unstriate pileus margin and smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.3–5.6 µm), while P. lauracearum exhibits striate pileus margin and larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.3 × 6.0 µm). These taxa also differ in their geographic distribution, with P. baishanzuensis occurring in East Asia (China) and P. lauracearum in Central Asia and Europe (Turkey and Portugal) (Kaygusuz et al. 2021). This distinction is further supported by an ITS genetic distance of 0.073 (SE = 0.014) between these species.</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. baishanzuensis is closely related to P. cf. velutinus, although these taxa can be readily distinguished by both macroscopic and microscopic characters. Macroscopically, P. baishanzuensis exhibits dark brown vein-like striate on the pileus surface, whereas P. cf. velutinus has an entirely granulose-pruinose or slightly velvety pileus. Microscopically, P. baishanzuensis produces predominantly fusiform pleurocystidia with bluntly rounded apices and cheilocystidia lacking elongated necks. In contrast, P. cf. velutinus is characterized by polymorphic pleurocystidia with partly finger-like apices and cheilocystidia that are partially fusiform with longer, irregular necks (Malysheva et al. 2020; Malysheva et al. 2023). The ITS genetic distance between these taxa is 0.018 (SE = 0.006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7904921AC94657A28A8558B6A405800F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
4D37257476025EE0861B126C6A929FE6.text	4D37257476025EE0861B126C6A929FE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus costatus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus costatus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 18 A – C, 19</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet “ costatus ” (Lat.) refers to the ribbed ( costatus) pileus, characterized by prominent veins, with a distinctly pronounced middle vein.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically similar to P. ornatus, differing in its unstriped pileus margins, smaller basidiospores avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.2–5.5 µm, and their ITS genetic distance is 0.029 (SE = 0.007). It grows in coniferous forests with decaying wood branches and is distributed in East Asia (China). Phylogenetically close to P. umbrosus and P. granularis, differing in the lamellae with brown edges.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Heilongjiang Province, Shuanghe National Nature Reserve, 13 July 2019, D. Z. Guo, FJAU 66589 (ITS: PP 516603, LSU: PP 919365, tef 1: PP 551591) (Collection no.: Guo 380).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 32–35 mm diam; convex or plano-convex, often with a low, broad umbo; overall silvery gray (5.0 YR 6 / 2), with brown granulose-squamulose or micaceous on the surface, forming a black-brown vein-like stripe (5.0 YR 4 / 10), very dense in the center; veins extended to the margin, gradually less; margin striaght. Lamellae white to light pink (2.5 YR 9 / 2–2.5 R 9 / 6), free, crowded, thick, unequal, 3–5 mm wide, with white to light brown and flocculose edges. Stipe 61–66 × 5–8 mm, cylindrical, hollow, fibrous, brown (5.0 YR 6 / 8), slightly thicker at the base. Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [80, 3, 2] 6.0–6.5 (– 7.0) × 5.0–5.5 (– 6.0) μm, avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.2–5.5 µm, Q = 1.16–1.40 μm, avQ = 1.20–1.26 μm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 20–28 × 7–9 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline. Pleurocystidia 49–95 × 22–33 μm, abundant, scattered, fusiform to flask-shaped, apically obtusely rounded or partially with 1–2 digitiform excrescences at apex, thinly walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–70 × 16–25 μm, numerous, fusiform to narrowly clavate, or clavate, apically with a mucronate or rostrate, thin-walled, mostly with brown intracellular pigment. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm composed of narrowed fusiform and clavate elements, terminal elements expanded to a spindle to clavate 62–140 long, 27–36 μm wide, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 5–10 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 53–108 × 11–22 μm, numerous, usually in clusters, spindle, or cylindrical to narrowly lageniform, rounded at apex, with brown to pale brown intracellular pigment, slightly thick and smooth walls. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on decaying wood in coniferous forests ( P. koraiensis).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve; Solitary on rotting wood in coniferous forests; 2 August 2020, G. Rao, FJAU 66618 (Collection no.: Rao 938) (ITS: PQ 810769, LSU: PQ 810757, tef 1: PQ 811052) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus costatus is primarily characterized by its pileus with prominent veins, particularly a distinctive pronounced middle vein, and cheilocystidia with mucronate apices.</p><p>This species shares morphological similarities with P. ornatus and P. umbrosus, but detailed comparative analyses reveal several distinguishing features. P. costatus is differentiated from P. ornatus by its unstriped pileus margins, smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.2–6.5 × 5.2–5.5 µm), substrate preference for decaying gymnosperm wood ( Pinus), and distribution in East Asia. In contrast, P. ornatus exhibits striate pileus margins, larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.7 × 6.3 µm), preference for decaying angiosperm wood (associated with Fagaceae, Dilleniaceae, Theaceae, with the significant presence of bamboos, Calamus, and Rubus), and distribution in Vietnam. This distinction is further supported by an ITS genetic distance of 0.029 (SE = 0.007) between these taxa (Malysheva et al. 2023).</p><p>Phylogenetically, our analyses demonstrate that the two specimens of P. costatus form a well-supported monophyletic branch (MLB = 91, BPP = 1, Fig. 3) sister to P. umbrosus and P. granularis . P. costatus can be distinguished from these sister taxa by lamellae edge pigmented: white to light brown in P. costatus, distinctly brown in P. umbrosus, and not pigmented in P. granularis (Kaygusuz et al. 2019) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D37257476025EE0861B126C6A929FE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
AB5DA5C2493954F19A5787FE1FC22032.text	AB5DA5C2493954F19A5787FE1FC22032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus granularis Peck	<div><p>Pluteus granularis Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1885: 135)</p><p>Figs 18 I, J, 22</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large-sized. Pileus 30–51 mm diam; plano-convex to convex, slightly obtuse raised in the middle; yellow (10 YR 6 / 6) to yellow-brown (10 YR 5 / 6), with brown (5 YR 3 / 6) warped scales attached to the surface, the middle scales densely forming a vein-like, gradually becoming sparser toward the margin, with triangular scales toward the margin. Context white (10 P 9 / 2) and odorless. Lamellae free, 4–6 mm wide, crowded, yellowish-brown (2.5 YR 4 / 6), unequal, thin, ventricose, white and even to flocculose edges. Stipe 32–95 × 3–8 mm, fibrous, clavate, hollow, slightly expanded at the base, white (10 P 9 / 2) overall, with denser brown (10 YR 3 / 6) cilia on the middle to lower portion. Spore print unknown.</p><p>Basidiospores [60 / 2 / 1] 5.5–6.0 (– 6.5) × 4.5–5.0 µm, avL × avW = 5.7–6.0 × 4.6–4.8 µm, Q = 1.10–1.30 µm, avQ = 1.20 µm, subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thick-walled. Basidia 23–28 × 8–11 μm, broadly clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–83 × 15–33 μm, scattered, rare, two forms, one fusiform, with apical finger-like projections, 3–6 μm long, the other narrowly clavate to clavate, with an obtusely rounded apical portion, thin-walled, smooth, partly with brown intracellular pigment. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 34–65 × 13–22 μm, abundant, clustered, broadly clavate to clavate, apically obtuse, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm composed of narrowed fusiform and clavate elements, with terminal elements 130–216 × 17–31 μm, often aggregated into bundles, pointed towards the apex, with brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled, smooth. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–6 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 36–55 × 13–19 μm, scattered, composed of long clavate to clavate vesicles, partly containing brownish pigment, thin-walled, smooth. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>USA (Peck 1885, 1899; Murrill 1917; Kauffman 1918; Bessette et al. 1997; Justo et al. 2011 b), Turkey (Kaygusuz et al. 2019), China (Yang 2011).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Tibet Autonomous Region (Yang 2011).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Quanyang Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.97908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.033905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.97908/lat 43.033905)">Beigang</a>, latitude and longitude: 43°02'2.06"N, 127°58'44.69"E; Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica); 22 August 2021, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66612 (Collection no.: Qi 395) (ITS: PQ 810758, LSU: PQ 810735, tef 1: PQ 811045) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peck reported P. granularis in 1885, and the species has been reported by several people since (Peck 1885, 1899; Murrill 1917; Kauffman 1918; Bessette et al. 1997; Justo et al. 2011 b; Xu 2016; Kaygusuz et al. 2019). Summarizing their description of P. granularis, it can be found that it is characterized by an intense dark brown granular stipe and predominantly with conspicuous rugose-wrinkled, granulose pileus, pleurocystidia with apical mucilage. Our specimens are overall similar to their descriptions, both having an intense dark brown granular stipe and predominantly with conspicuous rugose-wrinkled, granulose pileus, but there is a slight difference. The latter pleurocystidia vesicles frequently form 1–3 small irregular horns apically and, if hornless, usually have mucilage apically. In the former, only 1 small irregular horn is observed and there is no mucilage.</p><p>Morphologically, P. granularis is very similar to P. umbrosus, as discussed in detail in the notes on P. umbrosus . The phylogeny shows that P. granularis from China clustered in the same branch as P. granularis from the USA with high support (MLB = 98, BPP = 1, Fig. 3). Here we report P. granularis from China, a common species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB5DA5C2493954F19A5787FE1FC22032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
FD3B3022FFBF513999B7E02A4B4293CA.text	FD3B3022FFBF513999B7E02A4B4293CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus hinnuleus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus hinnuleus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 D, E, 13</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet “ hinnuleus ” (Latin): refers to the clay-buff to earthy yellow pileus color.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus hinnuleus differs from P. albivillus by its clay-buff to earthy yellow pileus color, small basidiospores, pleurocystidia with 1–7 μm finger-like projections on the apex. It grows preferentially in birch forests ( Betula) on decaying wood branches and is distributed in Northeast China. The ITS genetic distance is 0.125 (SE = 0.017).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Heilongjiang Province, Shuanghe National Nature Reserve, 12 July 2019, D. Z. Guo, FJAU 66614 (ITS: PQ 810768, LSU: PQ 810746, tef 1: PQ 811064) (Collection no.: Guo 377).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 34 mm diam; convex to slightly hemispherical; clay-buff to earthy yellow (2.5 Y 8 / 6), dry, the surface with recurved squamules, the central scales color dark brown (10 YR 4 / 6), the margin slightly inflexed. Lamellae free, 3–5 mm wide, moderately crowded, thick, pink (2.5 YR 7 / 4), unequal, slightly ventricose, edges even or flocculose; lamellar edge concolorous to the sides. Stipe 43 × 4–7 mm, fibrous, solid, earthy yellow (2.5 Y 8 / 6), with brown glandular dots on the surface (7.5 YR 4 / 2), slightly inflated at the base. Spore print pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [50 / 1 / 1] 6.5–7.5 (– 8.0) × (– 5.0) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.0) µm, avL × avW = 6.8–7.2 × 5.7–6.0 µm, Q = 1.16–1.33 µm, avQ = 1.20–1.25 µm, mostly subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 25–34 × 9–11 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 60–93 × 20–35 μm, abundant, scattered, two forms, one broadly fusiform with bluntly rounded apices, the other narrowly fusiform with a longer neck and unequal apical rostrate, long projection 3–7 μm long, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 43–78 × 15–24 μm, clustered, numerous, broadly clavate to clavate, apically obtuse, partly with brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled, smooth. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, with terminal elements 81–155 × 19–33 μm, broadly clavate or broadly cylindrical, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–6 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 31–51 × 15–25 μm, clustered, long clavate, apically obtusely rounded, with brownish intracellular pigment, smooth, thick-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary on decaying wood in birch forests ( Betula platyphylla Sukaczev).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Heilongjiang Province.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus hinnuleus is primarily characterized by its dry pileus surface bearing recurved squamules, clay-buff to earthy yellow coloration, and ecological preference for rotting wood in B. platyphylla forests.</p><p>Morphologically, P. hinnuleus resembles P. albivillus, with both species exhibiting hemispherical pileus and firm, fibrous stipes. However, these taxa can be differentiated by basidiospore dimensions, pleurocystidia morphology, and substrate ecology. P. hinnuleus produces smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.8–7.2 × 5.7–6.0 µm) with pleurocystidia featuring 1–7 μm finger-like apical projections, and occurs on decaying wood in Betula platyphylla forests. In contrast, P. albivillus forms larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.3–7.6 × 5.8–6.0 µm) with pleurocystidia lacking apical projections, and is associated with decaying wood in Larix sibirica forests.</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. hinnuleus is closely related to P. dianae and P. aff. dianae, though morphologically distinct from both. P. hinnuleus differs from P. dianae by its slightly smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.8–7.2 × 5.7–6.0 µm versus avL × avW = 7.2 × 6.3 µm in P. dianae), with an ITS genetic distance of 0.041 (SE = 0.009) supporting this separation. Similarly, P. hinnuleus is distinguished from P. aff. dianae by its larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.8–7.2 × 5.7–6.0 µm versus avL × avW = 6.6 × 5.3 µm in P. aff. dianae) and geographic distribution in East Asia (China) rather than Europe (Spain). This distinction is further supported by an ITS genetic distance of 0.047 (SE = 0.010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD3B3022FFBF513999B7E02A4B4293CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
DDE8ACF82F015C818DA25E92F33098C6.text	DDE8ACF82F015C818DA25E92F33098C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus jilinensis Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus jilinensis Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 E – G, 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>jilin, for the geographic origin of the type collection.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus jilinensis is separated from P. spaniophyllus by its burnt yellow pileus, with distinct squamules around the center, dense lamellae, and their ITS genetic distance is 0.008 (SE = 0.004), tef 1 genetic distance is 0.008 (SE = 0.004).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.97908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.033905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.97908/lat 43.033905)">Cold Onion Ridge Forest Park</a>; Latitude and longitude: 43°02'2.06"N, 127°58'44.69"E; Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica); 9 August 2019, G. Rao, FJAU 66616 (Collection no.: Rao 1314) (ITS: PQ 810767, LSU: PQ 810745, tef 1: PQ 811051).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized. Pileus 15–21 mm diam; convex or plano-convex, often with a low, broad umbo; burnt yellow (5 YR 8 / 6) to gray-brown (10 YR 8 / 2), transitioning to light brown (2.5 Y 8 / 2) toward the margin; surface rough, with distinct squamules or rugose-venose around the center; margin crenulate, with small rounded or blunt teeth. Context yellowish (2.5 Y 9 / 2). Lamellae free, 3–5 mm wide, crowded, initially white (2.5 YR 9 / 2), pink at maturity (2.5 R 9 / 6), unequal, moderately thick, ventricose, edges even; lamellar edge concolorous to the sides. Stipe 21–45 × 2–4 mm, hollow, fibrous, clavate, slightly expanded at the base, transparent to whitish (7.5 RP 9 / 2) when young, light brown (5 YR 5 / 2) to brown (7.5 YR 5 / 4) at maturity. Spore print unknown.</p><p>Basidiospores [60 / 5 / 2] 7.0–8.0 (– 8.5) × 6.0–7.0 (– 7.5) µm, avL × avW = 7.5–7.8 × 6.4–6.8 µm, Q = 1.07–1.25 µm, avQ = 1.15–1.20 µm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 20–25 × 12–18 µm, broadly clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–83 × 15–23 μm, rare, scattered, fusiform to broadly fusiform, apically obtuse, thin-walled, smooth, partly containing brown intracellular pigment. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 37–63 × 16–21 μm, abundant, clustered, clavate, subfusiform to broadly fusiform, apically obtuse, with or without mucronate, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, with terminal elements 75–98 × 17–28 μm, subcylindric or subfusiform, some apices with finger-like projections, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 5–8 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 36–55 × 13–19 μm, clustered, more numerous, composed of vesicles, subfusiform, bluntly rounded apically, partly containing brownish intracellular pigment, smooth, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Quanyang Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.97908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.033905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.97908/lat 43.033905)">Beigang</a>; 43°02'2.06"N, 127°58'44.69"E; Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica); 23 August 2021, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66624 (Collection no.: Qi 401) (ITS: PQ 814290, LSU: PQ 814291) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus jilinensis is characterized by its smaller basidiomata, burnt yellow pileus, and pleurocystidia with bluntly rounded apices.</p><p>Morphologically, P. jilinensis may be confused with P. spaniophyllus and P. depauperatus . P. jilinensis is distinguished from P. spaniophyllus by its denser lamellae and fibrous, harder stipe, in contrast to the sparser lamellae and crumbly, fragile stipe of P. spaniophyllus (Table 3). This morphological distinction is further supported by molecular data, with an ITS genetic distance of 0.008 (SE = 0.004) and tef 1 genetic distance of 0.008 (SE = 0.004) between these taxa. P. jilinensis differs from P. depauperatus in several respects: P. jilinensis produces smaller basidiomata (pileus 15–21 mm), with a predominantly burnt yellow, unstriped pileus having a rough surface, and larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.5–7.8 × 6.4–6.8 µm). In contrast, P. depauperatus exhibits larger basidiomata (pileus 18–50 mm) with predominantly brown coloration (pale brown, grey-brown, or saffron-brown), distinctly striped margins, sometimes granular center, smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.33 × 5.43 µm), and a distinctive odor (Kühner and Romagnesi 1956).</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. jilinensis and P. aff. semibulbosus form strongly supported sisters. Although both species share similarly sized basidiospores, fusiform pleurocystidia, and subfusiform cheilocystidia, they can be differentiated by several features: P. jilinensis produces smaller basidiomata (≤ 21 mm in diameter) with a more spreading pileus and pileipellis composed of clavate and cylindrical elements, while P. aff. semibulbosus forms larger basidiomata (up to 43 mm in diameter) with a hemispherical pileus and pileipellis consisting of inflated clavate cells. Additionally, the caulocystidia in P. jilinensis have bluntly rounded apices, whereas those in P. aff. semibulbosus possess a papillate apical projection (Table 3). These morphological distinctions are reinforced by genetic distances of 0.013 (SE = 0.007) for ITS and 0.004 (SE = 0.003) for tef 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDE8ACF82F015C818DA25E92F33098C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
75A12E12838A5BDFBB69E35B894B16B3.text	75A12E12838A5BDFBB69E35B894B16B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus leoninus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.	<div><p>Pluteus leoninus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zerbst) (1871: 98)</p><p>Figs 25 F – H, 29</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 20–31 mm diam; convex to plano-convex, often with a low, broad umbo; egg-yellow (5.0 Y 9 / 12), black-brown in the center (2.5 YR 5 / 8), with white pruinose on the surface, margin usually translucently striate. Lamellae flesh pink (2.5 YR 8 / 6), free, slightly crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 3–5 mm wide. Stipe 37–48 × 4–7 mm, cylindrical, hollow, partly spirally twisted, base slightly thick, fibrous, surface smooth. Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [150, 5, 3] 6.0–7.0 (– 7.5) × 5.0–6.0 (– 6.5) μm, avL × avW = 6.5–7.0 × 5.5–5.8 µm, Q = 1.15–1.40 μm, avQ = 1.18–1.26 μm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid or ovoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 24–29 × 7–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 50–86 × 20–26 μm, numerous, scattered, fusiform to utriform, apically obtusely rounded, commonly provided with 1–4 digitiform excrescences at apex, slightly thick-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 35–72 × 13–25 μm, similar in form to pleurocystidia, numerous, narrowly fusiform to utriform, with 1–2 digitate or mucronate apically, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichoderm with radial hyphae, with terminal elements 43–157 × 13–31 μm, hyphae at the center extending outwards, with cylindrical or fusiform elements, thick-walled, with slightly yellowish intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–11 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, non-incrusted, non-gelatinous, and thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary to scattered on decaying wood ( Quercus, Picea) in broad-leaved or mixed forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>Europe (Rea 1922; Vellinga and Schreurs 1985; Orton 1986; Vellinga 1990; Breitenbach and Kränzlin 1995; Krieglsteiner 2003; Boccardo et al. 2008; Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Asia (Takehashi and Kasuya 2007), North America (Murrill 1917; Kauffman 1918; Singer 1956) and North Africa (Malençon and Bertault 1970).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>It is distributed in all provinces of China (Xu 2016).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Heilongjiang Province, Heihe Stewardship Station; On rotting wood in mixed solitary forests; 29 July 2021, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66580 (Collection no.: Qi 522) (ITS: PP 516612, LSU: PP 516662, tef 1: PP 551596) . CHINA • Heilongjiang Province, Shuanghe National Nature Reserve; Scattered on decaying wood in mixed forests; 13 July 2019, D. Z. Guo, FJAU 66581 (Collection no.: Guo 385) (ITS: PP 516611, LSU: PP 516661, tef 1: PP 551597) . CHINA • Heilongjiang Province, Shuanghe National Nature Reserve; Scattered on decaying wood in mixed forests; 19 July 2019, D. Z. Guo, FJAU 66582 (Collection no.: Guo 070) (ITS: PP 516610, LSU: PP 516660, tef 1: PP 551598) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The primary distinguishing characteristics of Pluteus leoninus include a bright yellow to orange-yellow pileus that is rugose in the middle, a slightly yellowish or yellowish-white stipe, most subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, a few globose or ellipsoid.</p><p>P. leoninus displays a range of pileus colors, including yellowish brown, yellowish orange, yellow, or lemon yellow in young and mature specimens, which may lead to confusion with sect. Hispidoderma or even sect. Celluloderma, including P. roseipes, P. fenzlii, P. chrysaegis, P. chrysophlebius, and P. luteomarginatus . P. leoninus can be differentiated from the pinkish to pale reddish pileus of P. roseipes by its yellow or yellowish-brown pileus (Ludwig 2007). P. leoninus can be distinguished from P. fenzlii by its stipe lacking an annulus, a less squamulose pileus, and by examining the structure and dimensions of both the pleurocystidia and the pileipellis (Malysheva et al. 2007). P. chrysaegis differs from P. leoninus by possessing short pileipellis elements extending up to 40 μm (Pradeep et al. 2012; Lezzi et al. 2014). P. chrysophlebius is characterized by a shorter stipe and pileus, with an unveined bright yellow pileus lacking brownish shading (Vellinga 1990). On the other hand, P. luteomarginatus features a pileus with brownish shading, particularly prominent at the center and with a bright yellow margin, along with more subglobose basidiospores (7.5 × 6 μm) (Takehashi and Kasuya 2007).</p><p>The phylogenetic tree results were consistent with the morphological results. Specimens from China in P. leoninus clustered in the same branch as Russia, France, USA, and Turkey with high support (MLB = 100, BPP = 0.99, Fig. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75A12E12838A5BDFBB69E35B894B16B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
A75D4DD24403538C86B0E16639CA1164.text	A75D4DD24403538C86B0E16639CA1164.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus longistriatus (Peck) Peck	<div><p>Pluteus longistriatus (Peck) Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. nat. Hist. 38: 137 (1885)</p><p>Figs 6 K, L, 17</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 31–35 mm diam; hemispherical to plano-convex, smooth, surface brownish-brown (5.0 YR 6 / 10), darker in the center (5.0 YR 4 / 10), with brown longitudinal striate extending from the middle to the margin. Lamellae dirty white (5.0 YR 9 / 4), free, relatively crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 2–4 mm wide, with even edges. Stipe 26–31 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, slightly thicker at the base, fibrous, with white longitudinal fibrils on the surface (5.0 YR 9 / 2). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [60, 3, 1] (– 6.0) 6.5–7.0 (– 7.5) × 5.0–6.0 (– 6.5) μm, avL × avW = 6.7–7.0 × 5.8–6.1 µm, Q = 1.03–1.25 μm, avQ = 1.06–1.15 μm, globose to subglobose, or broadly ellipsoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled or slightly thick. Basidia 25–31 × 9–11 μm, broadly rod-shaped or clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–88 × 16–27 μm, numerous, scattered, fusiform or narrowly utriform, apically obtusely rounded, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–76 × 18–25 μm, abundant, clustered, narrowly clavate to clavate or long clavate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, with terminal elements 60–114 × 19–28 μm, broadly clavate or fusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–11 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 29–72 × 12–26 μm, numerous, occurring in clusters, clavate to oblong-clavate, or fusiform, apically obtuse or mucronate, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on rotting wood in poplar forests ( Populus talassica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>USA, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina (Justo et al. 2011 a; Ferisin and Dovana 2016; Campi et al. 2019), China (Xu 2016).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Yunnan Province, Jilin Province (Xu 2016).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin Agricultural University . Scattered on rotting wood in poplar forests ( Populus talassica); 42°17'66.65"N, 82°47'94.24"E, alt. 253 m, 10 July 2021, Z. X. Qi, Z. H. Zhang, FJAU 66596 (Collection no.: Qi 302) (ITS: PP 516605, LSU: PP 516655) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus longistriatus is mainly characterized by a brown, smooth pileus with a distinctly brown and long radial stripe on the surface, extending from the center to the margin (Ferisin and Dovana 2016; Campi et al. 2019).</p><p>P. longistriatus is similar to P. heteromarginatus in macromorphology, differing only in the shape of the pleuro, cheilo, and caulocystidia. P. longistriatus has pleurocystidia fusiform or narrowly utriform, apically obtusely rounded, cheilocystidia narrowly clavate to clavate or long clavate, and clavate to oblong-clavate, or fusiform caulocystidia. In contrast, P. heteromarginatus contains pleurocystidia with elongated apexes or an apical flexuous excrescence (5–10 µm long), cheilocystidia (narrowly) clavate, narrowly utriform, or more rarely obovoid, and fusiform or lageniform caulocystidia (Justo et al. 2011 a). P. longistriatus is confused with P. atriavellaneus Murrill, which is characterized by the presence of brown pileus, with striped margins. On the other hand, the basidiospores of P. atriavellaneus are subglobose, slightly larger, and 7.0–8.0 μm in diameter (Campi et al. 2019).</p><p>According to the phylogenetic analyses, P. longistriatus specimen FJAU 66596 from China clustered with specimens from Russia and South Korea with high support (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A75D4DD24403538C86B0E16639CA1164	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
7D4C12CF839A5D779D0C02CF8DB52A36.text	7D4C12CF839A5D779D0C02CF8DB52A36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus piceicola Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus piceicola Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 23 A – K, 24 A – M, 27</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet “ piceicola ” (Latin) refers to its habitat on Picea schrenkiana .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from P. leoninus by its pileus with a brown pruinose on the surface and the presence of spiral longitudinal striate of the stipe. On the phylogenetic tree, there are separate branches and its ITS sequences (genetic distance = 0.021, SE = 0.006) and tef 1 sequences (genetic distance = 0.090, SE = 0.015). It grows preferentially in coniferous forests ( Picea) on decaying wood branches and is distributed in East Asia (China).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, Jongkushtai village, 42°97'26.51"N, 82°12'77.25"E, alt. 2242 m, 3 September 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66574 (ITS: PP 516599, LSU: PP 516651, tef 1: PP 551589) (Collection no.: Qi 2849).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large-sized. Pileus 39–71 mm diam; campanulate to hemispherical when young, surface yellow-brown (10.0 YR 8 / 20), with yellow-brown crumbly scales, central scales crowded; gradually plano-convex to convex at maturity, central obtuse umbo, earthy yellow to orange-yellow (10.0 YR 8 / 10–10.0 YR 7 / 14), surface brown pruinose, margin yellow (10.0 YR 8 / 10). Context dirt white to yellowish (10.0 YR 8 / 2–10.0 YR 8 / 4), odorless, 5–8 mm thick. Lamellae initially dirty white (10.0 YR 8 / 4), turning pink at maturity (2.5 Y 8 / 12), free, crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 6–7 mm wide, edges even. Stipe 47–71 × 8–13 mm, cylindrical, hollow, slightly thicker at the base, fibrous, some surfaces with brown longitudinal striate (7.5 YR 7 / 14). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [200, 30, 17] (– 6.5) 7.0–8.0 (– 8.5) × 5.5–6.0 (– 6.5) μm, avL × avW = 7.4–7.6 × 5.6–6.0 µm, Q = 1.16–1.54 μm, avQ = 1.20–1.25 μm, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 25–32 × 7–11 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–102 × 22–36 μm, numerous, scattered, fusiform to subfusiform, or clavate, apically mostly obtusely rounded, with or without 1–2 digitiform excrescences at apex, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–79 × 18–29 μm, abundant, clustered, subfusiform to fusiform, mostly apically mucronate to rostrate, or diverticulate, 10–23 μm long, a few obtusely rounded, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichoderm with radial hyphae, terminal elements 62–171 × 17–32 μm, cylindrical or fusiform elements, thick-walled, and slightly tan intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 5–13 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary or scattered on decaying dead wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, Jongkushtai village . Scattered on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°17'62.61"N, 82°51'98.22"E, alt. 2236 m, 19 July 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66569 (Collection no.: Qi 498) (ITS: PP 516594, LSU: PP 516646, tef 1: PP 551584) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, Jongkushtai village; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°19'62.68"N, 82°51'91.82"E, alt. 2128 m, 23 July 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66570 (Collection no.: Qi 632) (ITS: PP 516595, LSU: PP 516647, tef 1: PP 551585) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, Jongkushtai village; Scattered on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'68.67"N, 82°79'93.88"E, alt. 2224 m, 2 August 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66571 (Collection no.: Qi 840) (ITS: PP 516596, LSU: PP 516648, tef 1: PP 551586) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.99799&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.253258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.99799/lat 42.253258)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'11.73"N, 82°59'52.78"E, alt. 2318 m, 15 August 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66572 (Collection no.: Qi 2125) (ITS: PP 516597, LSU: PP 516649, tef 1: PP 551587) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.97283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.321922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.97283/lat 42.321922)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana), 42°19'18.93"N, 82°58'22.18"E, alt. 2241 m, 27 August 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66573 (Collection no.: Qi 2584) (ITS: PP 516598, LSU: PP 516650, tef 1: PP 551588) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257904" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92299/lat 42.257904)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.45"N, 82°55'22.78"E, alt. 2169 m, 5 September 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66575 (Collection no.: Qi 2925) (ITS: PP 516600, LSU: PP 516652, tef 1: PP 551590) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92296&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.25752" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92296/lat 42.25752)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'27.07"N, 82°55'22.66"E, alt. 2487 m, 15 June 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66601 (Collection no.: Qi 3179) (ITS: PQ 810770, LSU: PQ 810747, tef 1: PQ 811053) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92258&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92258/lat 42.257866)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.32"N, 82°55'21.28"E, alt. 2441 m, 23 June 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66602 (Collection no.: Qi 3321) (ITS: PQ 810771, LSU: PQ 810748, tef 1: PQ 811054) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.25758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.923/lat 42.25758)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'27.29"N, 82°55'22.80"E, alt. 2159 m, 27 June 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66603 (Collection no.: Qi 3383) (ITS: PQ 810772, LSU: PQ 810749, tef 1: PQ 811055) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92232&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.25799" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92232/lat 42.25799)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.77"N, 82°55'20.35"E, alt. 2432 m, 27 June 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66604 (Collection no.: Qi 3387) (ITS: PQ 810773, LSU: PQ 810750, tef 1: PQ 811056) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257713" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92298/lat 42.257713)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'27.77"N, 82°55'22.75"E, alt. 2333 m, 10 July 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66605 (Collection no.: Qi 3631) (ITS: PQ 810774, LSU: PQ 810751, tef 1: PQ 811057) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92322/lat 42.257915)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.50"N, 82°55'23.60"E, alt. 2511 m, 11 July 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66606 (Collection no.: Qi 3668) (ITS: PQ 810775, LSU: PQ 810752, tef 1: PQ 811058) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92296&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257587" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92296/lat 42.257587)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'27.32"N, 82°55'22.66"E, alt. 2493 m, 20 July 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66607 (Collection no.: Qi 3961) (ITS: PQ 810776, LSU: PQ 810753, tef 1: PQ 811059) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92293/lat 42.257908)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.47"N, 82°55'22.55"E, alt. 2182 m, 2 August 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66608 (Collection no.: Qi 4133) (ITS: PQ 810777, LSU: PQ 810754, tef 1: PQ 811060) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.9229&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.257977" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.9229/lat 42.257977)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.71"N, 82°55'22.44"E, alt. 2362 m, 30 August 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66609 (Collection no.: Qi 4849) (ITS: PQ 810778, LSU: PQ 810755, tef 1: PQ 811061) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.92291&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.25783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.92291/lat 42.25783)">Jongkushtai village</a>; Solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana); 42°15'28.20"N, 82°55'22.49"E, alt. 2251 m, 30 August 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66610 (Collection no.: Qi 4856) (ITS: PQ 810779, LSU: PQ 810756, tef 1: PQ 811062) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus piceicola is characterized by its orange-yellow pileus with brown pruinose surface and distinctive spiral longitudinal stripes on the stipe. This species is associated with decaying wood in coniferous forests, specifically Picea schrenkiana, and is distributed in East Asia (China).</p><p>Morphologically, P. piceicola may be confused with other Pluteus species exhibiting yellow to bright orange-yellow pileus. P. piceicola is distinguished from P. leoninus by its brown pruinose pileus surface, substrate preference for decaying woody branches in coniferous forests. In contrast, P. leoninus inhabits well-decayed wood of angiosperms (e. g., Betula, Carpinus, Fagus, Quercus), is occasionally terrestrial under hardwoods, and rarely occurs on conifer wood ( Abies) (Kaygusuz et al. 2019; Justo et al. 2025). P. piceicola differs from P. ussuriensis primarily by its rougher, brown pruinose pileus surface, compared to the smoother pileus of the latter. This morphological distinction is supported by genetic distances of 0.034 (SE = 0.008) for ITS and 0.095 (SE = 0.016) for tef 1 (Justo et al. 2025).</p><p>P. piceicola can be separated from P. admirabilis and P. chrysophaeus by its predominantly white stipe versus the yellow to yellowish stipe of the latter taxa, as well as by pileipellis structure: trichoderm in P. piceicola versus hymeniderm in the latter species (Takehashi and Kasuya 2007; Menolli and Capelari 2010).</p><p>P. piceicola shares similarities with P. favrei, both exhibiting yellow to yellow-brown pileus, cheilocystidia with irregular or branched rostra, and a preference for decaying wood in Picea forests. However, P. piceicola produces smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.4–7.6 × 5.6–6.0 µm) and lacks caulocystidia, while P. favrei forms larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.4–7.8 × 6.0–6.7 µm) and possesses caulocystidia (observed in the type collection). These taxa are further differentiated by genetic distances of 0.023 (SE = 0.006) for ITS and 0.078 (SE = 0.014) for tef 1 (Justo et al. 2025).</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. piceicola is firmly positioned within the / leoninus clade with strong statistical support (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 4), forming a distinct branch with distant affinities to morphologically similar species such as P. favrei, P. ussuriensis, and P. leoninus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D4C12CF839A5D779D0C02CF8DB52A36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
AE2047D258B65C19B2D85A8C69EA7448.text	AE2047D258B65C19B2D85A8C69EA7448.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus semibulbosus	<div><p>Pluteus aff. semibulbosus</p><p>Figs 5 J, K, 11</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 43 mm diam; hemispherical; charred yellow in the center, transitioning to light yellow (10 YR 9 / 2) to white (10 P 9 / 2) toward the margin; surface dry, or dehisce, slightly velvety; margin shorter grooves striate, and straight. Context pale yellow (2.5 Y 9 / 2). Lamellae free, 4–8 mm wide, crowded, white (10 P 9 / 2) to yellowish (2.5 Y 9 / 2), unequal, thin, ventricose, edges even or flocculose; lamellar edge white. Stipe 39 × 4 mm, fibrous, hollow, clavate, slightly curved at the base and inflated bulbous, with white mycelium close to the rotting wood, overall pale yellow (10 YR 9 / 2) with white (10 P 9 / 2) glandular dots on the surface. Spore print unknown.</p><p>Basidiospores [40 / 1 / 1] 7.0–8.0 (– 8.5) × 6.0–6.5 (– 7.5) µm, avL × avW = 7.4–7.6 × 6.2–6.5 µm, Q = 1.07–1.21 µm, avQ = 1.10–1.15 µm, globose to subglobose, rarely broadly ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 24–33 × 9–11 µm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 53–80 × 15–35 μm, rare, scattered, fusiform to broadly subfusiform, or broadly clavate, apically obtuse, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 33–61 × 12–18 μm, abundant, clustered, clavate or subfusiform, apically obtuse, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, with terminal elements 70–105 × 18–29 μm, broadly subcylindric or subfusiform, thin-walled, with pale brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–6 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 43–73 × 12–22 μm, scattered to clustered, abundant, composed of clavate, fusiform, and broadly fusiform, most with bluntly rounded apices, a few with small apical projections, some containing brownish intracellular pigment, thin-walled, smooth. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Onion Ridge Forest Park; 43°02'2.09"N, 127°58'77.59"E; Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica); 5 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66617 (Collection no.: Rao 1285) (ITS: PQ 810766, LSU: PQ 810744, tef 1: PQ 811050) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The Chinese specimens described here share morphological similarities with P. semibulbosus sensu lato, including the bulbous stipe base, subglobose spores, and fusiform pleurocystidia. However, P. semibulbosus lacks a clear taxonomic delimitation, as noted by Ševčíková (2020) and Justo et al. (unpublished), who indicated that this taxon represents a polyphyletic group requiring further study.</p><p>In our phylogenetic analysis, the Chinese specimens formed a strongly supported clade (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 2) with the Japanese specimen TNSF 12393 (labeled as P. aff. semibulbosus). Although TNSF 12393 lacks morphological description, the molecular evidence suggests these specimens represent the same taxonomic entity. As shown in Table 3, our material can be distinguished from the closely related P. jilinensis and P. spaniophyllus by its larger basidiomata (pileus 43 mm), hemispherical pileus shape, and distinctive caulocystidia with small apical projections.</p><p>Given the uncertain status of P. semibulbosus sensu lato and pending a comprehensive revision of this species complex, we provisionally treat our specimens as P. aff. semibulbosus until further taxonomic resolution is achieved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2047D258B65C19B2D85A8C69EA7448	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
B9E5F9BFD43B59F8986A3CE5B4CC9C66.text	B9E5F9BFD43B59F8986A3CE5B4CC9C66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus spaniophyllus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus spaniophyllus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 H, I, 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet “ spaniophyllus ” (Latin) refers to the sparseness of the lamellae.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus spaniophyllus differs from P. jilinensis by its velvety pileus, sparse lamellae, smaller basidiospores, and their ITS genetic distance is 0.008 (SE = 0.004) and tef 1 genetic distance is 0.008 (SE = 0.004).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve; Solitary on rotting wood in broad-leaved forests; 7 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66593 (Collection no.: Rao 1292) (ITS: PP 516619, LSU: PP 516669, tef 1: PP 551605).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized. Pileus 17 mm diam; hemispherical; white to light yellow (2.5 Y 9 / 10), slightly with brown velvety or pruinose on the surface of the center (7.5 YR 8 / 6); margin radial translucently striate. Lamellae pale flesh – pink (5.0 R 9 / 6), free, relatively sparse, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 4–7 mm wide, with even edges; lamellar edge white. Stipe 14 × 3 mm, cylindrical, with a bulbous base, fibrous, surface with white pruinose (2.5 Y 9 / 12). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [60, 1, 1] (– 6.5) 7.0–7.5 (– 8.0) × 6.0–6.5 (– 7.0) μm, avL × avW = 7.0–7.3 × 6.2–6.5 µm, Q = 1.00–1.33 μm, avQ = 1.07–1.10 μm, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, pale pink, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 23–30 × 8–11 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 53–91 × 18–31 μm, scattered, fusiform to subfusiform, apically obtuse, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 25–70 × 11–27 μm, abundant, clustered, similar in form to pleurocystidia, narrowly to broadly fusiform, broadly subfusiform, some apical with small irregular horns or mucronate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm, with terminal elements 51–92 × 12–28 μm, broadly clavate or fusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 3–12 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 28–47 × 9–18 μm, numerous, occurring in clusters, cylindrical to broadly clavate to broadly fusiform, or narrowly utriform, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary on rotting wood in broad-leaved forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus spaniophyllus is characterized by its small basidiomata, hemispherical pileus ranging from white to light yellow, with brown velvety on the surface, margin radial translucently striate, sparse lamellae, and a white pruinose on the stipe base, which is inflated and nearly bulbous.</p><p>Morphologically, P. spaniophyllus shares greatest similarity with P. hubreg tseorum and P. boudieri, but can be distinguished from each by several key features. P. spaniophyllus differs from P. hubregtseorum by its fleshy brown pileus, in contrast to the yellow-to-brownish-gold pileus of the latter. Additionally, P. spaniophyllus produces pale flesh-pink and sparsely arranged lamellae, whereas those of P. hubregtseorum are pale pink to flesh pink and crowded. The species also differ in their geographic distribution, with P. spaniophyllus occurring in East Asia (China) and P. hubregtseorum in Australia (Ševcíková et al. 2021), further supported by an ITS genetic distance of 0.023 (SE = 0.006).</p><p>P. spaniophyllus bears a closer resemblance to the white-capped P. boudieri, from which it is primarily distinguished by pileipellis morphology. P. boudieri exhibits thin, filamentous, light-brown pileipellis hyphae with generally cylindrical or subfusiform terminal elements (Vellinga and Schreurs 1985; Orton 1986). In comparison with P. atriavellaneus, P. spaniophyllus has a white to light yellow pileus, grows on decaying wood, and is distributed in East Asia (China), whereas P. atriavellaneus is characterized by a dark fuliginous to avellaneous, hygrophanous and finely pubescent pileus, growth on humus, and distribution in North America (USA) (Murrill 1917). Finally, P. spaniophyllus is distinguished from P. avellaneus by its central light yellow pileus with white margins and radial striate (distributed in East Asia, China), in contrast to the centrally paler, hygrophanous pileus with non-striped margins of P. avellaneus (distributed in North America, USA) (Murrill 1917).</p><p>In the phylogenetic analysis, P. spaniophyllus (specimen FJAU 66593 from China) is strongly supported as a sister taxon to P. aff. semibulbosus (MLB = 98, BPP = 1, Fig. 2). These species are further distinguished by several morphological features: P. spaniophyllus produces smaller basidiomata (17 mm) with sparser lamellae and cheilocystidia bearing small irregular apical horns, whereas P. aff. semibulbosus forms larger basidiomata (43 mm) with denser lamellae and cheilocystidia lacking irregular apical horns (Table 3). Molecular evidence further supports their separation, with an ITS genetic distance of 0.009 (SE = 0.004) and tef 1 genetic distance of 0.004 (SE = 0.003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9E5F9BFD43B59F8986A3CE5B4CC9C66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
174711C0FCBB5BF083A181F42DBFEA0D.text	174711C0FCBB5BF083A181F42DBFEA0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus tenuipileus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus tenuipileus Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A – D, 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet “ tenuipileus ” (Latin) refers to the thin, flake-like pileus.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically similar to P. lauracearum, differing by its smooth and thin pileus, distinct ITS sequences (genetic distance = 0.021, SE = 0.006), and distribution in East Asia (China).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve; 11 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66591 (ITS: PP 516621, LSU: PP 516671, tef 1: PP 551607) (Collection no.: Rao 1325).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 17–33 mm diam; plano-convex, sometimes slightly depressed at the center; light grayish brown (2.5 YR 7 / 2) with white margins (2.5 YR 9 / 2); surface smooth to rarely white pruinose (2.5 YR 9 / 2), radial striate from the middle to the margin; margin pilcate, with umbrella-like teeth. Lamellae cream to flesh-pink (2.5 R 9 / 2–2.5 R 9 / 6), free, crowded, thick, unequal, ventricose, 3–5 mm wide, with even edges; lamellar edge white. Stipe 20–25 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, white (2.5 R 9 / 2), base bulbous, fibrous and brittle bony, surface with white pruinose (2.5 R 9 / 2). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [120, 3, 2] 6.0–7.0 × 5.0–6.0 (– 6.5) μm, avL × avW = 6.4–6.6 × 5.5–5.7 µm, Q = 1.07–1.40 μm, avQ = 1.16–1.20 μm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 21–28 × 7–8 µm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 53–93 × 24–32 μm, abundant, scattered, fusiform or subfusiform, apical portion with mucronate, rostrate with up to 2–6 μm long, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 36–68 × 14–26 μm, abundant, clustered, narrowly clavate to clavate, or long clavate, obtusely rounded apically, short basally, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm, with terminal elements 58–95 × 15–30 μm, broadly clavate or fusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 3–12 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 24–53 × 7–17 μm, numerous, occurring in clusters, cylindrical to broadly clavate to broadly fusiform, or narrowly utriform, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary on decaying wood in coniferous forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve; Solitary on rotting wood in mixed forests; 2 August 2020, G. Rao, FJAU 66592 (Collection no.: Rao 927) (ITS: PP 516620, LSU: PP 516670, tef 1: PP 551606) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus tenuipileus is characterized by a pileus thinly, with a furrowed stripe along the margin. The fruiting bodies are brittle, and the pleurocystidia are apically mucronate or rostrate.</p><p>Morphologically, P. tenuipileus shares features with P. lauracearum, P. boudieri, and P. semibulbosus, but can be distinguished from each based on several characteristics. P. tenuipileus differs from P. lauracearum by its smooth pileus and smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 6.4–6.6 × 5.5–5.7 µm), whereas P. lauracearum exhibits a pruinose or distinctly granulose pileus surface with larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.3 × 6.0 µm). Additionally, P. tenuipileus is distributed in East Asia (China), while P. lauracearum occurs in Eurasia (Turkey and Portugal) (Kaygusuz et al. 2019), with an ITS genetic distance of 0.021 (SE = 0.006). P. tenuipileus can be separated from P. boudieri by pileipellis structure: trichohymeniderm in the former versus monostratous hymeniderm in the latter (Vellinga and Schreurs 1985; Orton 1986). P. semibulbosus was originally described as a small whitish species characterized by a softly atomate, sulcate pileus and pubescent stipe with a distinctly bulbous base (Fries 1838). Lasch (in Fries 1838) did not provide basidioma dimensions, although Saccardo (1887: 674) documented a pileus 13 mm in width and stipe 25 mm in length. Despite numerous descriptions of this species in contemporary literature (Yang 2011; Xu 2016; Kaygusuz et al. 2019; Malysheva et al. 2023), the absence of corresponding type specimens and the lack of clear phylogenetic placement has necessitated the adoption of a broad concept of P. semibulbosus . Ševčíková (2020) and Justo et al. have indicated that this broad morphological species concept corresponds to a polyphyletic group (unpublished data) and that further studies, including the designation of a type specimen for P. semibulbosus, are required. Even within this broad conceptual framework, P. semibulbosus can be distinguished from P. tenuipileus primarily based on the quantity and morphology of pleurocystidia, while the exceptionally thin pileus serves as a more diagnostic feature of P. tenuipileus (Singer 1986).</p><p>When comparing P. tenuipileus with taxa that produce notably smaller basidiomata, such as P. candidus and P. stylobates, several distinctive morphological features become taxonomically significant. P. tenuipileus differs from P. candidus in having a wider pileus (17–33 mm) with radiating stripes, whereas P. candidus has smaller basidiomata (10 mm) lacking striations (Saccardo 1887). Similarly, P. tenuipileus can be differentiated from P. stylobates by its smooth to rarely white- pruinose surface, wider pileus (17–33 mm), and bulbous stipe base, in contrast to the smaller pileus (≤ 10–15 mm) with dark squamules on the surface and distinctive discoid stipe base characteristic of P. stylobates (Velenovský 1921) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/174711C0FCBB5BF083A181F42DBFEA0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
8F3C092620B75652B6918F3DE7084A52.text	8F3C092620B75652B6918F3DE7084A52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus ultraputripiceae Z. X. QI, B. Zhang & Y. Li 2025	<div><p>Pluteus ultraputripiceae Z. X. QI, B. Zhang &amp; Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 A – C, 12</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from Latin ‘ ultra’ (extremely), ‘ putri’ (rotten), and ‘ piceae’ (of spruce), the species epithet “ ultraputripiceae ” characterizes the fungus’s distinctive ecological niche on severely decomposed spruce wood substrates.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pluteus ultraputripiceae is characterized by its brown to light flesh-brown pileus, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.7–8.0 × 6.4–6.8 µm), pleurocystidia lacking apical excrescences. It differs from P. dianae by the absence of small apical excrescence structures at the top of pleurocystidia, substrate preference for highly decayed trunks, and distribution in East Asia (China). The ITS genetic distance is 0.040 (SE = 0.008).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, Jongkushtai village, 42°91'78.66"N, 82°12'56.22"E, alt. 2175 m, 10 July 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66594 (ITS: PP 516601, LSU: PP 516653, tef 1: PP 551608) (Collection no.: Qi 1324)</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 27–47 mm diam; convex to slightly hemispherical when young, brown to dark brown (7.5 YR 5 / 4-10 YR 4 / 6); plano-convex to applanate at maturity, light flesh – brown (2.5 YR 9 / 6) to cinnamon-colored (2.5 YR 8 / 4) and smooth, with slightly translucently striate at the margin, crenulate. Lamellae creamy white (2.5 YR 8 / 6), free, crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 6–9 mm wide, edges even; lamellar edge white. Stipe 31–55 × 5–7 mm, cylindrical, fibrous, with white longitudinal striate on the surface (2.5 YR 9 / 4). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [100, 7, 3] 7.0–8.0 (– 8.5) × 6.0–7.0 (– 7.5) μm, avL × avW = 7.7–8.0 × 6.4–6.8 µm, Q = 1.10–1.41 μm, avQ = 1.14–1.20 μm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, or ovoid, pale pink, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 21–29 × 6–10 µm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 54–102 × 20–36 μm, few, scattered, clavate to broadly clavate, or fusiform, apically obtusely rounded, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–79 × 18–29 μm, abundant, clustered, fusiform to narrowly clavate to clavate, or broadly clavate, bluntly rounded apically, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm, with terminal elements 35–64 × 11–25 μm broadly clavate or fusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 3–12 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 30–61 × 10–21 μm, numerous, occurring in clusters, cylindrical to broadly clavate to broadly fusiform, or narrowly utriform, apically obtusely rounded, smooth, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary to scattered on highly decayed trunks in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.207565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.296207" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.207565/lat 42.296207)">Jongkushtai village</a>, solitary on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana), 42°17'46.35"N, 82°77'54.24"E, alt. 2055 m, 13 July 2023, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66595 (Collection no.: Qi 1329) (ITS: PP 516602, LSU: PP 516654, tef 1: PP 551609) . CHINA • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Tekes County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.207565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.296207" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.207565/lat 42.296207)">Jongkushtai village</a>. Scattered on rotting wood in spruce forests ( P. schrenkiana). 42°97'26.51"N, 82°12'27.25"E, alt. 2192 m, 30 August 2024, Z. X. Qi, FJAU 66611 (Collection no.: Qi 4887) (ITS: PQ 810760, LSU: PQ 810737, tef 1: PQ 811047) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus ultraputripiceae is distinguished by its dark brown to pinkish-brown pileus, relatively large basidiospores, and caulocystidia with brown intracellular pigment.</p><p>Morphologically, P. ultraputripiceae shares similarities with P. dianae and P. plautus but can be differentiated based on several key features. P. ultraputripiceae is distinguished from P. dianae by its larger basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.7–8.0 × 6.4–6.8 µm), pleurocystidia lacking excrescences, substrate preference for highly decayed trunks ( Picea schrenkiana), and distribution in East Asia (China). In contrast, P. dianae produces smaller basidiospores (avL × avW = 7.2 × 5.5 µm), pleurocystidia with excrescences, and primarily inhabits decayed broadleaf trunks in Central and Eastern Europe (Czechia, Denmark, and Russia) (Ševčíková et al. 2020). This distinction is further supported by an ITS genetic distance of 0.040 (SE = 0.008) between these taxa. P. ultraputripiceae is separated from P. plautus primarily by basidiomata coloration: P. ultraputripiceae exhibits a dark brown to pinkish-brown pileus with a white stipe, whereas P. plautus features an alutaceous to fuligineous pileus and a velvety brown to blackish-brown stipe with similarly pigmented context (Weinmann 1836).</p><p>The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of P. ultraputripiceae, with three specimens forming a well-supported (MLB = 98, BPP = 1, Fig. 2) sister to P. granulatus . These species can be differentiated by basidiomata morphology and geographic distribution: P. ultraputripiceae possesses a light flesh-brown to cinnamon-colored, smooth pileus and occurs in East Asia (China), while P. granulatus is characterized by a pileus with reddish tinge and distinct granules, occurring in Europe (Czechia and Italy). The ITS genetic distance between these taxa is 0.008 (SE = 0.003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F3C092620B75652B6918F3DE7084A52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
FD56B704813F5616A2FE299299C369EB.text	FD56B704813F5616A2FE299299C369EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus umbrosoides E. F. Malysheva	<div><p>Pluteus umbrosoides E. F. Malysheva, Mycol. Progr. 15: 880 (2016)</p><p>Figs 18 F – H, 21</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 15–41 mm diam; plano-convex to convex; earthy yellow (2.5 Y 8 / 6), surface with black-brown (7.5 YR 3 / 2) recurved conical scales, denser in the middle forming a vein, becoming sparse toward the margin, margin straight and slightly crenulate. Context white (10 P 9 / 2), 3–6 mm thick. Lamellae free, 5–7 mm wide, crowded, white (10 P 9 / 2) to pink (7.5 RP 8 / 4), unequal, moderately thick, ventricose, edges even to flocculose and white. Stipe 21–76 × 5–9 mm, fibrous, solid, clavate, slightly expanded at the base, whitish overall (10 P 9 / 2), with brown (7.5 YR 4 / 4) glandular dots on the surface. Spore print unknown.</p><p>Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 1] 5.5–6.5 (– 7.0) × 5.0–6.0 µm, avL × avW = 6.1–6.5 × 5.5–5.9 µm, Q = 1.18–1.30 µm, avQ = 1.20–1.25 µm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thick-walled. Basidia 24–28 × 7–9 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 58–82 × 21–35 μm, rare, scattered, fusiform to broadly fusiform, with shorter necks, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 37–63 × 16–21 μm, abundant, clustered, similar to Pleurocystidia, fusiform, commonly mucronate, thin-walled, smooth, generally with brown intracellular pigment. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm composed of narrowed fusiform and clavate elements, with terminal elements 71–155 (– 174) × 17–25 μm, often grouped in clusters, pointed towards the apex, with brown intracellular pigment, thin- or slightly thick-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–7 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Without caulocystidia. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>Russia (Malysheva et al. 2016), China (Hosen et al. 2018), Turkey (Kaygusuz et al. 2019).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Onion Ridge Forest Park . Scattered on very rotten decaying wood in broad-leaved forests ( Q. mongolica); 25 August 2019, G. Rao, FJAU 66615 (Collection no.: Rao 614) (ITS: PQ 810780, LSU: PQ 810741) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Malysheva et al. reported that P. umbrosoides is characterized by pink lamellae without brown margin, a densely squamose pileus which is veined around the center, a smooth stipe without brown squamules, ellipsoid basidiospores, pleurocystidia commonly capitate in shape, a trichohymeniderm pileipellis, and narrowly fusiform caulocystidia (Malysheva et al. 2016).</p><p>Morphologically, the specimens from China are very similar to the type. Alternatively, we identified one major difference among specimens from China which is the absence of caulocystidia. Even though we observed the upper, middle, and basal parts of the stipe, exhibiting similarity with Hosen et al. (2018) specimens taken from Changbai Mountain, China, neither of which observed caulocystidia.</p><p>In the molecular phylogenetic tree, the Chinese specimens clustered in the same branch with P. umbrosoides from Russia, China, and Turkey and had high support (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD56B704813F5616A2FE299299C369EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
B6C6604DB203507D818DD2DA1D675417.text	B6C6604DB203507D818DD2DA1D675417.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.) P. Kumm.	<div><p>Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.) P. Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zerbst) (1871: 98)</p><p>Figs 18 D, E, 20</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata large-sized. Pileus 50–52 mm diam; convex to hemispherical, with a low, broad umbo; surface reddish-brown (7.5 YR 7 / 8), distributed with granular tan (7.5 YR 5 / 10), dense and dark brown in the center (7.5 YR 5 / 14), forming vein-like striate; margin crenulate, with small rounded or blunt teeth. Lamellae reddish-brown (2.5 R 5 / 6), free, crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 5–7 mm wide, with brown and even to flocculose edges; lamellar edge commonly with brown pigment. Stipe 43–48 × 5–8 mm, cylindrical, gradually thickening toward the base, fibrous, surface reddish-brown with tan granules (2.5 YR 6 / 10). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [200, 4, 1] 5.0–6.0 (– 7.0) × 4.5–5.0 μm, avL × avW = 5.8–6.0 × 5.3–5.6 µm, Q = 1.05–1.33 μm, avQ = 1.10–1.16 μm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 26–30 × 6–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–90 × 22–37 μm, abundant, scattered, fusiform to lageniform, often with tapering apex, or mucronate, 5–17 μm long, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–75 × 14–20 μm, numerous, clustered, subfusiform to fusiform, or ventricose, with small irregular apical horns, 4–13 μm long, thin-walled, generally with brown intracellular pigment. Pileipellis a trichohymeniderm composed of narrowed fusiform and clavate elements, with terminal elements (51 –) 62–170 (– 190) × 9–27 μm, often grouped in clusters, pointed towards the apex, with brown intracellular pigment, thin and smooth. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 5–13 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 53–125 × 10–24 μm, numerous, usually in clusters, cylindrical to slightly narrowly lageniform, rounded at apex, with brown to pale brown intracellular pigment, slightly thick-walled. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered on fallen wood with Sphagnum growing in broad-leaved forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Heilmann-Clausen 2012), Germany (Krieglsteiner 2003; Ludwig 2007), Britain and Ireland (Orton 1986; Legon et al. 2005), Italy (Boccardo et al. 2008), Switzerland (Breitenbach and Kränzlin 1995), Netherlands (Vellinga 1990), Spain (Justo et al. 2011 a), Russia (Malysheva et al. 2016), Turkey (Kaygusuz et al. 2019), China (Xu 2016).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Northeast, North, Northwest, Southwest China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Changbai Mountain Old Mountain Gate; Scattered on fallen wood with Sphagnum growing in broad-leaved forests; 6 September 2019, J. J. Hu, FJAU 66590 (Collection no.: Hu 5140) (ITS: PP 516604, tef 1: PP 928982) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus umbrosus is characterized by a texture on the pileus and stipe that is granular like fine flour or velvety with dark brown radial fibrils, a pileus center with a generally dark veined pattern, a brown flocculose stipe, and lamellae with a distinct brown edge (Singer 1956; Orton 1986; Vellinga 1990; Kaygusuz et al. 2019).</p><p>The general morphological characteristics are similar to those of P. umbrosoides and P. granularis . However, morphologically, P. umbrosus has a brown lamellae edge, while the mature P. umbrosoides and P. granularis do not have a pigmented lamella edge (Kaygusuz et al. 2019). Microscopically, P. umbrosus differs from P. granularis in having a slightly wider basidiospore size of 5.8–6.0 × 5.3–5.6 μm and very long pileipellis elements reaching over 270 μm. P. umbrosus has a pleurocystidia with 1–2 horns without apical mucilage, while P. granularis has a pleurocystidia with 1–3 horns with distinctly apical mucilage. Additionally, P. umbrosus can be distinguished from P. granularis by its caulocystidia, which have a broadly rounded apex (up to 27 μm in width) (Kaygusuz et al. 2019).</p><p>The phylogeny shows that P. umbrosus from China clustered in the same branch as P. umbrosus from Italy, Russia, and Turkey with high support (MLB = 93, BPP = 0.92, Fig. 3). P. umbrosus is most closely related to P. granularis, they are sister groups, and their ITS genetic distance is 0.005 (SE = 0.003), tef 1 genetic distance is 0.006 (SE = 0.003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6C6604DB203507D818DD2DA1D675417	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
22D64D1053745A6488B08770A4A2E274.text	22D64D1053745A6488B08770A4A2E274.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus ussuriensis E. F. Malysheva	<div><p>Pluteus ussuriensis E. F. Malysheva, in Justo, Malysheva, Bulyonkova, Muñoz, Ferisin, Dovana, Kaygusuz, Saar, Antonín, Vellinga, Lebeuf, Minnis, Grootmyers, Kalichman, Parker, Miller, Russell, Berbee, Pacholek, Ceska &amp; Pradeep, Mycologia: 20 (2025)</p><p>Figs 25 A – E, 28</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 28–35 mm diam; campanulate when young, surface orange-red (7.5 YR 8 / 16); plano-convex or convex when mature, bright yellow (2.5 Y 8 / 12), slightly brownish (10.0 YR 7 / 16); smooth, margin slightly translucently striate, with straight margin. Context dirty white (10.0 YR 9 / 4), odorless, 3–5 mm thick. Lamellae initially dirty white (10.0 YR 9 / 4), turning pink at maturity (10.0 YR 8 / 8), free, crowded, thick, unequal, slightly ventricose, 6–7 mm wide. Stipe 68–72 × 8–10 mm, cylindrical, hollow, partly spirally curled, slightly thicker at the base, fibrous, white to brown at the base (10.0 YR 9 / 10). Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [210, 7, 4] 6.0–6.5 (– 7.0) × 5.0–5.5 (– 6.0) μm, avL × avW = 6.3–6.5 × 5.2–5.4 µm, Q = 1.09–1.40 μm, avQ = 1.18–1.24 μm, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 25–32 × 7–11 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, and hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia 55–102 × 22–36 μm, numerous, scattered, fusiform to subfusiform, obtusely rounded apically, tapering basally, commonly provided with 1–2 digitiform excrescences at apex, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 41–79 × 18–29 μm, abundant, clustered, subfusiform to fusiform, mostly apically mucronate to rostrate, 8–20 μm long, thin-walled, hyaline. Lamellar trama divergent. Pileipellis a trichoderm with radial hyphae, with terminal elements 62–143 × 14–29 μm, hyphae at the center extending outwards, with cylindrical or fusiform elements, thick-walled, with slightly tan intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 6–11 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary on rotting wood in broad-leaved or mixed forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>Russian Far East (Justo et al. 2025), China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve; 5 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66576 (Collection no.: Rao 1287) (ITS: PP 516606, LSU: PP 516656, tef 1: PP 551592) . CHINA • Jilin Province, Cold Jungle National Nature Reserve . Solitary on decaying wood in broad-leaved forests; 7 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66577 (Collection no.: Rao 1297) (ITS: PP 516608, LSU: PP 516657, tef 1: PP 551593) . CHINA • Jilin Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.257996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.25771" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.257996/lat 42.25771)">Hà N ội Vi ệt Nam Conservation Station Front Hill</a>; Scattered on rotting wood in mixed Q. mongolica and U. pumila forests; 42°15'27.75"N, 126°15'28.78"E, alt. 756 m, 18 July 2021, M. H. Liu, FJAU 66578 (Collection no.: Lmh 045) (ITS: PP 516607, LSU: PP 516658, tef 1: PP 551594) . CHINA • Jilin Province, Hà N ội Vi ệt Nam Conservation Station Front Hill; Scattered on rotting wood in mixed Q. mongolica and U. pumila forests; 42°15'20.77"N, 126°10'78.88"E, alt. 825 m, 8 August 2021, M. H. Liu, FJAU 66579 (Collection no.: Lmh 102) (ITS: PP 516609, LSU: PP 516659, tef 1: PP 551595) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus ussuriensis is characterized by its bright yellow and smooth pileus, white stipe that expanded at the base, and cheilocystidia that are rostrate at the top and measure 8–20 μm long.</p><p>Justo described P. ussuriensis in 2025, and we compared all the characters and found that morphologically (pileus, stipe, lamellae, basidiospores, pleurocystidia, pileipellis) are very similar, its sequence bases are the same, and the substrate ecology is on decaying wood in broad-leaved forests, and the distribution is in the Changbaishan Mountains. Meanwhile, we also observed some differences, such as the apical projection being longer in our collections of cheilocystidia, and the projection described by Justo et al. (2025) being shorter or more pointed; no caulocystidia were observed in our collections, and a few caulocystidia were observed by Justo et al. (2025); and there are 4 tef 1 base differences. We consider the similarities and differences together, and here identify the Chinese specimen as P. ussuriensis, a newly recorded species from China. However, the differences all belong to be part of the intraspecific variation, as Justo et al. (2025) describe the species in the / leoninus clade, and cheilocystidia vary considerably from specimen to specimen of the same species.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the four Chinese specimens cluster in the same branch as Justo et al. (2025) P. ussuriensis and are strongly supported. (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 4). P. ussuriensis and P. roseipes are considered sister groups, and their distinction can be based on genetic distance differences and geographic distribution. Their ITS genetic distance is 0.012 (SE = 0.005), tef 1 genetic distance is 0.075 (SE = 0.014); P. ussuriensis is distributed in East Asia, and P. roseipes is distributed in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey (Justo et al. 2011 a, b; Pradeep et al. 2012; Lezzi et al. 2014; Menolli et al. 2015 a; Ferisin and Dovana 2018; Kaygusuz et al. 2019; Justo et al. 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22D64D1053745A6488B08770A4A2E274	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
736E6338A1BE5868A96CAF3A6F8665C3.text	736E6338A1BE5868A96CAF3A6F8665C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus variabilicolor Babos	<div><p>Pluteus variabilicolor Babos, Annls Hist. – Nat. Mus. Natn. Hung. (1978: 93)</p><p>Figs 26 A – L, 30</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 21–42 mm diam; campanulate to hemispherical when young, egg-yellow (5.0 Y 9 / 12); gradually plano-convex at maturity, bright yellow (5.0 Y 9 / 18), brown in the middle (7.5 YR 7 / 18); the white margin, with striate from the middle to the margin, straight. Context yellowish (2.5 Y 8 / 18), odorless, 2–4 mm thick. Lamellae initially white, becoming pink to flesh-pink at maturity (2.5 Y 9 / 12–2.5 Y 8 / 12), free, crowded, thick, unequal, 3–5 mm wide. Stipe 37–75 × 6–11 mm, cylindrical to compressed, hollow, white, fibrous, base light brown (2.5 Y 8 / 16), slightly thick to bulbous, surface relatively smooth. Odorless. Spore prints pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [200, 12, 7] 5.0–5.5 (– 6.0) × 4.5–5.0 (– 5.5) μm, avL × avW = 5.2–5.5 × 4.8–5.0 µm, Q = 1.00–1.33 μm, avQ = 1.10–1.15 μm, spherical to subglobose, slightly pinkish, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 24–30 × 7–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–87 × 12–24 μm, scattered, fusiform, lageniform, or utriform, some with or without 1–2 digitiform excrescences at apex, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 31–68 × 9–16 μm, numerous, clustered, subfusiform to fusiform, apically diverticulate or shortly rostrate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis a hymeniderm formed of variable and often mixed elements, from short and rounded to clavate or cylindrical terminal elements, 62–101 × 22–36 μm, with yellow intracellular pigment, with thin and smooth walls. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 5–12 µm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 53–88 × 11–22 μm, mostly grouped, fusiform, lageniform to broadly lageniform, apical with short rostrate, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary to scattered on rotting wood in broad-leaved or mixed forests.</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>Hungary (Babos 1978), Europe from Austria (Lohmeyer et al. 1994), Italy (Lanconelli et al. 1998; Migliozzi 2011; Lezzi et al. 2014), Romania (Béres 2012), Russia (as P. castri) (Justo et al. 2011 a), Slovenia (Jogan et al. 2012), Moldova (Lezzi et al. 2014), Japan (as P. castri) (Justo et al. 2011 a), Germany (Ludwig 2007), Turkey (Kaygusuz et al. 2019), China (as P. luteus) (Ševčíková and Dima 2021).</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Henan Province, Sichuan Province, Jiangsu Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Henan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.60969&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.8791" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.60969/lat 32.8791)">Uyang Minzhuang Forestry</a>; 32°52'44.77"N, 113°36'34.87"E; Scattered in mixed forests dominated by Quercus serrata; 25 July 2023, Y. J. Liu, FJAU 66583 (Collection no.: Liu 797) (ITS: PP 516613, LSU: PP 516663, tef 1: PP 551599) . CHINA • Henan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.61504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.87846" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.61504/lat 32.87846)">Uyang County Yihezhai Forest Area</a>; 32°52'42.46"N, 113°36'54.17"E; Scattered on dead wood stumps in Sargasso pine forests ( Pinus massoniana); 1 August 2023, Y. J. Liu, FJAU 66584 (Collection no.: Liu 858) (ITS: PP 516614, LSU: PP 516664, tef 1: PP 551600) . CHINA • Henan Province, Uyang Minzhuang Forestry; 32°52'84.97"N, 113°36'39.77"E; Scattered on dead wood stumps in Sargasso pine forests ( P. massoniana); 2 August 2023, Y. J. Liu, FJAU 66585 (Collection no.: Liu 881) (ITS: PP 516615, LSU: PP 516665, tef 1: PP 551601) . CHINA • Henan Province, Uyang Minzhuang Forestry; 32°52'89.37"N, 113°36'38.27"E; Scattered on dead wood stumps in Sargasso pine forests ( P. massoniana); 2 August 2023, Y. J. Liu, FJAU 66586 (Collection no.: Liu 889) (ITS: PP 516616, LSU: PP 516666, tef 1: PP 551602) . CHINA • Henan Province, Uyang County Tongshan Lake Forest National Park; 32°52'79.87"N, 113°36'58.37"E; Scattered on dead wood stumps in Sargasso pine forests ( P. massoniana); 12 August 2023, Y. J. Liu, FJAU 66587 (Collection no.: Liu 982) (ITS: PP 516617, LSU: PP 516667, tef 1: PP 551603) . CHINA • Sichuan Province, Tongjiang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.21495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.206825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.21495/lat 32.206825)">Chenhe Township</a>; 32°12'24.57"N, 107°12'53.83"E; 2 August 2023, L. B. Wang, FJAU 66588 (Collection no.: Wang 1106) (ITS: PP 516618, LSU: PP 516668, tef 1: PP 551604) . CHINA • Sichuan Province, Tongjiang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.21479&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.20682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.21479/lat 32.20682)">Chenhe Township</a>; 32°12'24.55"N, 107°12'53.25"E; 2 August 2024, L. B. Wang, FJAU 66623 (Collection no.: Wang 1674) (ITS: PQ 810763, LSU: PQ 810740, tef 1: PQ 811063) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus variabilicolor is characterized by the lively yellowish color of the pileus, the dark velvety stipe when young, the presence of caulocystidia and a pileipellis variable elements (Babos 1978; Kaygusuz et al. 2019).</p><p>Macroscopically, P. variabilicolor is very similar to P. leoninus, but the two taxa are distinguished by the structure of the pileipellis and the presence or absence of caulocystidia. The pileipellis structure of P. variabilicolor is hymeniderm, consisting of elongated cylindrical hyphae and rounded terminal elements that are clavate in shape, whereas the pileipellis structure of P. leoninus is trichohymeniderm, consisting of uniformly narrow fusiform elements. In addition, P. variabilicolor has caulocystidia, whereas P. leoninus does not (Takehashi and Kasuya 2007; Kaygusuz et al. 2019). Similarly, the pileus of both P. variabilicolor and P. chrysaegis was yellow or yellowish with veined surfaces, and the general structure of the pileipellis and the presence of caulocystidia were both observed (Pradeep et al. 2012; Lezzi et al. 2014; Kaygusuz et al. 2019). However, we can distinguish between the two by the presence of cheilocystidia, which are mucronate and thin-walled in P. variabilicolor, and non-mucronate and slightly thick-walled in P. chrysaegis (Babos 1978; Pradeep et al. 2012; Lezzi et al. 2014; Hosen et al. 2018; Kaygusuz et al. 2019).</p><p>The phylogenetic tree results based on the ITS + tef 1 dataset were consistent with the morphological results. Specimens from China in P. variabilicolor clustered in the same branch as Japan, Russia, Turkey, China and Hungary with high support (MLB = 100, BPP = 1, Fig. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/736E6338A1BE5868A96CAF3A6F8665C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
9E5C6E2BB94B585383ECD6706F0E8163.text	9E5C6E2BB94B585383ECD6706F0E8163.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pluteus velutinus C. K. Pradeep, Justo & K. B. Vrinda	<div><p>Pluteus velutinus C. K. Pradeep, Justo &amp; K. B. Vrinda, Mycol. Progr. 11 (4): 871 (2012)</p><p>Figs 6 H – J, 16</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 11–37 mm diam; hemispherical to plano-convex, with obtuse umbo; surface fleshy brown (5 YR 6 / 4), slightly vein-like projections, margin indistinctly striped, inflexed. Context yellowish (7.5 P 9 / 2). Lamellae free, 3–6 mm wide, moderately crowded, flesh pink (5 R 9 / 2), unequal, with transvenose, thicker, slightly ventricose, edges even. Stipe 15–43 × 2–5 mm, rod-shaped, base expanded and slightly curved, fibrous, hollow, white (10 P 9 / 2) to light fleshy brown (7.5 YR 6 / 4). Spore print pink.</p><p>Basidiospores [120 / 4 / 2] 5.5–6.5 × 5.0–5.5 (– 6.0) µm, avL × avW = 6.0–6.2 × 5.3–5.5 µm, Q = 1.09–1.30 µm, avQ = 1.15–1.20 µm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, slightly pinkish, thin-walled. Basidia 25–31 × 9–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - sterigmate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55–78 × 14–25 μm, few, scattered, long fusiform to subfusiform, with a long neck and a conspicuous transverse septum, one part apically mucronate, the other bluntly rounded, thin-walled, smooth, a few containing brown intracellular pigment. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 33–61 × 12–18 μm, abundant, clustered, two forms, one long fusiform with a long neck (7–13 μm), the other apically expanded fusiform, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Pileipellis a trichoderm or trichohymeniderm, with terminal elements 71–145 × 21–26 μm, long clavate, subcylindric or subfusiform, thin-walled, with brown intracellular pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 4–7 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 29–49 × 12–21 μm, clustered, composed of irregular clavate, subcylindrical or sublageniform, partly containing brownish intracellular pigment, thin-walled, smooth. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary to scattered on decaying wood in mixed forests ( Pinus sp. and Quercus sp.).</p><p>World distribution.</p><p>India, Brazil, Mongolia, Russia, Italy (Malysheva et al. 2016; Ferisin and Dovana 2018), China.</p><p>China distribution.</p><p>Hubei Province (Wang JF 2019), Jilin Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jilin Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.97283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.602455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.97283/lat 43.602455)">Hongye Valley Forest Park</a>. 43°36'8.85"N, 126°58'22.19"E, 2 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66619 (Collection no.: Rao 936) (ITS: PQ 810764, LSU: PQ 810742) . CHINA • Jilin Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.97908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.033905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.97908/lat 43.033905)">Cold Onion Ridge Forest Park</a>; 43°02'2.06"N, 127°58'44.69"E, Solitary to scattered on decaying wood in mixed forests ( Pinus sp. and Quercus sp.); 1 August 2021, G. Rao, FJAU 66620 (Collection no.: Rao 1261) (ITS: PQ 810765, LSU: PQ 810743) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pluteus velutinus was found in India and, in subsequent years, in Brazil, Mongolia, Russia and Italy (Malysheva et al. 2016; Ferisin and Dovana 2018). The original description reported basidiospores 5.5–9.5 × 5–7.0 µm, Q = 1.17–1.50 µm. Our measurements are within the range of the original description and are closer to the data from the Russia (Siberian) collection: 5.7–6.5 (– 7.5) × 5.4–6.0 (– 6.3) µm, Q = 1.00–1.16 (– 1.20) µm (Malysheva et al. 2016).</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, the sequences of the two specimens taken from China clustered in the same branch with the type specimen with high support (MLB = 99, BPP = 1, Fig. 2). The results of the morphology and phylogenetic tree identified it as P. velutinus, and here we treat this species as a common species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E5C6E2BB94B585383ECD6706F0E8163	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Qi, Zheng-Xiang;Wang, Li-Bo;Qian, Ke-Qing;Shi, Li-Li;Hu, Jia-Jun;Tuo, Yong-Lan;Rao, Gu;Samwel Jacob, Muharagi;Liu, Rui-Peng;Liu, Ming-Hao;Guo, Di-Zhe;Liu, Ya-Jie;Zhang, Bo;Li, Xiao;Li, Yu	Qi, Zheng-Xiang, Wang, Li-Bo, Qian, Ke-Qing, Shi, Li-Li, Hu, Jia-Jun, Tuo, Yong-Lan, Rao, Gu, Samwel Jacob, Muharagi, Liu, Rui-Peng, Liu, Ming-Hao, Guo, Di-Zhe, Liu, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Bo, Li, Xiao, Li, Yu (2025): Integrating morphology, phylogeny, substrate, and distribution: clarifying the major phylogenetic framework of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) and describing 18 species. IMA Fungus 16: e 154329, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.154329
