identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
408303D826755F6BA878C5B552C2B02B.text	408303D826755F6BA878C5B552C2B02B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aquapteridospora bambusinum (D. Q. Dai & K. D. Hyde) D. F. Bao	<div><p>Aquapteridospora bambusinum (D. Q. Dai &amp; K. D. Hyde) D. F. Bao, J. Fungi 7 (669): 10. 2021.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium bambusinum D. Q. Dai &amp; K. D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 82: 92. 2016.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/408303D826755F6BA878C5B552C2B02B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
CAD0D78DA63E5D138C69C30B0CF758D0.text	CAD0D78DA63E5D138C69C30B0CF758D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylaria arecae (Matsush.) R. F. Castaneda & W. B. Kendr.	<div><p>Dactylaria arecae (Matsush.) R. F. Castañeda &amp; W. B. Kendr., Univ. Waterloo, Biol. Ser. 35: 26. 1991.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium arecae Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 5: 23. 1987.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAD0D78DA63E5D138C69C30B0CF758D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
14200AFF1CD8503E8ECF35B7A9E4A9F6.text	14200AFF1CD8503E8ECF35B7A9E4A9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylaria cylindrospora (Matsush.) R. F. Castaneda & W. B. Kendr.	<div><p>Dactylaria cylindrospora (Matsush.) R. F. Castañeda &amp; W. B. Kendr., Univ. Waterloo, Biol. Ser. 35: 27. 1991.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium cylindrosporum Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 115. 1975.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14200AFF1CD8503E8ECF35B7A9E4A9F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
0E769E433E105DDB89B79BE7BB16BE8E.text	0E769E433E105DDB89B79BE7BB16BE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylaria triseptata (Matsush.) R. F. Castaneda & W. B. Kendr.	<div><p>Dactylaria triseptata (Matsush.) R. F. Castañeda &amp; W. B. Kendr., Univ. Waterloo, Biol. Ser. 35: 47. 1991.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium triseptatum Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 116. 1975.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E769E433E105DDB89B79BE7BB16BE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
4121B26A69905C9D837892780432B313.text	4121B26A69905C9D837892780432B313.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helminthosporium flumeanum Sacc.	<div><p>Helminthosporium flumeanum Sacc., Syll. fung. 25: 821. 1931.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium flumeanum (Sacc.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4121B26A69905C9D837892780432B313	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
33BCBD76C1C05D338D5EE5A572D46AE6.text	33BCBD76C1C05D338D5EE5A572D46AE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minimelanolocus leptotrichus (Cooke & Ellis) R. F. Castaneda & Heredia	<div><p>Minimelanolocus leptotrichus (Cooke &amp; Ellis) R. F. Castañeda &amp; Heredia, Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 10. 2001.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium leptotrichum Cooke &amp; Ellis, Grevillea 8 (45): 13. 1879.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Brachysporium leptotrichum (Cooke &amp; Ellis) Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 425. 1886.</p><p>Pleurophragmium leptotrichum (Cooke &amp; Ellis) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>Pseudospiropes leptotrichus (Cooke &amp; Ellis) M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 2244. 1976.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33BCBD76C1C05D338D5EE5A572D46AE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
E922850614EB5330B45B130F63931E67.text	E922850614EB5330B45B130F63931E67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minimelanolocus subulifer (Corda) R. F. Castaneda & Heredia	<div><p>Minimelanolocus subulifer (Corda) R. F. Castañeda &amp; Heredia, Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 9. 2001.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium subuliferum Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 13. 1837.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Pleurophragmium subuliferum (Corda) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 798. 1958.</p><p>Pseudospiropes subuliferus (Corda) M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 220. 1976.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E922850614EB5330B45B130F63931E67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
F222EECF1EC851FFA1DD1B0BC874E9B6.text	F222EECF1EC851FFA1DD1B0BC874E9B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous	<div><p>Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams &amp; Crous, Stud. Mycol. 58: 84. 2007</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Psilobotrys schulzeri Sacc., Hedwigia 23: 126. 1884.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Chloridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 322. 1886.</p><p>Ramichloridium schulzeri (Sacc.) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 64. 197.</p><p>Rhinocladiella schulzeri (Sacc.) Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 124. 1975.</p><p>Acrotheca acuta Grove, J. Bot. 54: 222. 1916.</p><p>Pleurophragmium acutum (Grove) M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 164. 1976.</p><p>Rhinotrichum multisporum Doguet, Rev. Mycol. 17: 78. 1952.</p><p>Acladium multisporum (Doguet) Bat. &amp; Oliveira, Anais Congr. Soc. Bot. Brasil: 347. 1964.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F222EECF1EC851FFA1DD1B0BC874E9B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
AF5CC3E38DFA5416A32AAAB6B76734FB.text	AF5CC3E38DFA5416A32AAAB6B76734FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecridium schulzeri var. tritici (M. B. Ellis) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous	<div><p>Myrmecridium schulzeri var. tritici (M. B. Ellis) Arzanlou, W. Gams &amp; Crous, Stud. Mycol. 58: 84. 2007.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium tritici M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 165. 1976.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Ramichloridium schulzeri var. tritici (M. B. Ellis) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 68. 1977.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5CC3E38DFA5416A32AAAB6B76734FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
96FA22E86C1F5AE989CE827CEE7B7C36.text	96FA22E86C1F5AE989CE827CEE7B7C36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium angamosense Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium angamosense Matsush., Matshushima Mycol. Mem. 8: 30. 1995.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>PERU • Colonia Angamos; on the decayed petiole of palm; Jul 1994; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-4 P 738) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species differs from the Pleurophragmium concept primarily in the morphology of its conidiogenous cells and conidia. Although the cells proliferate sympodially, the conidiogenous loci are conspicuous, appearing as distinct scars 3–3.5 µm wide. Conidia are fusiform, transversely septate, smooth, and brown, with the terminal cells noticeably paler, and with dark, thick-walled septa. The original illustration by Matsushima (1995) further suggests that conidial secession may be rhexolytic, as remnants of the outer wall appear to remain attached both to the conidiogenous locus and to the basal part of the conidium. These features clearly contrast with Pleurophragmium s. str., in which conidiogenous loci are reduced to minute denticles and conidial secession is schizolytic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96FA22E86C1F5AE989CE827CEE7B7C36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
8BE1BD939DB051D192559F775F6B00AC.text	8BE1BD939DB051D192559F775F6B00AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium aquaticum R. F. Castaneda, Heredia & R. M. Arias	<div><p>Pleurophragmium aquaticum R. F. Castañeda, Heredia &amp; R. M. Arias, Mycotaxon 101: 92. 2007.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>MEXICO • Veracruz, “ Los Tuxtlas ”; on decaying wood submerged in a stream; 19 May 2002; R. M. Arias &amp; J. Y. C. Elizondo (holotype XAL CB 743, isotype: MUCL 45625) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Conidia formed on holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenous cells are fusiform to clavate, occasionally navicular, and often sub-umbonate at the apex. They are brown, becoming pale brown to subhyaline toward the ends and around the septa. By their shape and pigmentation, the conidia closely resemble those of P. miniumbonatum (Heredia et al. 2007) . Pleurophragmium aquaticum also resembles P. fusiforme in having fusiform, pigmented conidia with paler ends, but the latter species differs in having narrower and uniformly pale brown conidia except the ends (without the paler bands at the septa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BE1BD939DB051D192559F775F6B00AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
0E28977F1EBA588C87E6B67258B945D1.text	0E28977F1EBA588C87E6B67258B945D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium asiaticum (Crous 2016) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium asiaticum (Crous) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium asiaticum Crous, Persoonia 41: 291. 2018.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>THAILAND • Ratchaburi Province; on leaves of unidentified vine; 2008; P. W. Crous HPC 2252 (holotype CBS H-23774, culture ex-type CPC 34535 = CBS 145080) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurophragmium asiaticum resembles P. septatum in the characters of its conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and subhyaline to pale brown, mostly 3 - septate conidia. However, both species represent separate evolutionary lineages. It can also be compared to P. taiwanense (Matsushima 1987) which differs by producing cylindro-clavate conidia with a slightly inflated apical cell and significantly longer conidiophores. Both species were described from cultures, and their protologues are therefore directly comparable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E28977F1EBA588C87E6B67258B945D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
900D72A777CE57BB8DF480A0DEE5BF0C.text	900D72A777CE57BB8DF480A0DEE5BF0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium asymmetricum (R. F. Castaneda, Serrano & D. Sosa 2020) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium asymmetricum (R. F. Castañeda, Serrano &amp; D. Sosa) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium asymmetricum R. F. Castañeda, Serrano &amp; D. Sosa, Mycotaxon 135: 157. 2020.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>ECUADOR • Guayas Province, Guayaquil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.666664/lat -2.8)">Balao</a>; 02°48.00'S, 079°40.00'W; on decaying leaves of Theobroma cacao; 8 Jul 2017; F. Espinoza &amp; S. Pérez-Martínez (holotype URM 90896, ex-type culture CCMCIBE-H 304 = CCMCIBE-H 304- A) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is readily distinguished by its 1 - septate conidia, which are yellowish to subhyaline and vary from narrowly clavate or subclavate to almost narrowly triangular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/900D72A777CE57BB8DF480A0DEE5BF0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
F2FB9BD316975ED6BBC7AC554B48B242.text	F2FB9BD316975ED6BBC7AC554B48B242.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium bitunicatum Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium bitunicatum Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 115. 1975.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>JAPAN • Tokyo Prefecture, Hachijo Island; on decaying leaves of unidentified dicotyledon plant; Feb 1969; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-1669) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is remarkably similar to members of Aquapteridospora (Yang et al. 2015) . Another species, P. bambusinum, was recently transferred to Aquapteridospora based on molecular data (Bao et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2FB9BD316975ED6BBC7AC554B48B242	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
22BD8E93873B5C63A9E497D08F9714A3.text	22BD8E93873B5C63A9E497D08F9714A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium clavatum L. G. Ma & X. G. Zhang	<div><p>Pleurophragmium clavatum L. G. Ma &amp; X. G. Zhang, Mycotaxon 127: 216. 2014.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, the Forbidden Forest of Banna; on dead branches of Beilschmiedia percoriacea ( Lauraceae); 31 Oct 2011; L. G. Ma (holotype HSAUP H 2090, isotype HMAS 243416) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ma et al. (2014) described three morphologically similar species, P. clavatum, P. ellipsoideum, and P. yunnanense, characterised by yellowish-brown to pale brown conidia and conidiophores that often terminate in a denticulate rachis and have distinct nodulose swellings along the whole length. These swellings, however, are not typical for Pleurophragmium based on observations of species on natural substrates, where the fertile region of the conidiophore is restricted to its upper part and bears terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. In culture, by contrast, we frequently observed such swellings in P. parvisporum . Conidia of P. clavatum are consistently aseptate, whereas in Pleurophragmium conidia are invariably septate, with both aseptate and multi-septate forms occurring within a single species. Molecular data are therefore needed to confirm the placement of these species in the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22BD8E93873B5C63A9E497D08F9714A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
442DCF9FB8A65B368BFA584E11896568.text	442DCF9FB8A65B368BFA584E11896568.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium Costantin	<div><p>Pleurophragmium Costantin, Les mucédinées simples: 100. 1888.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Dactylaria sect. Pleurophragmium (Costantin) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 26: 36. 1985.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium Crous, Persoonia 41: 287. 2018.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Preuss) Hol. - Jech.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Colonies effuse, hairy, brown to black, subhyaline, beige to pale brown when sporulating; vegetative hyphae immersed or semi-immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in small groups, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched or rarely branched, sometimes elongating percurrently, brown, septate. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and / or intercalary resulting from the formation of a septum within the original cell during sympodial elongation, polyblastic, occasionally monoblastic, sympodially proliferating, bearing one to several denticles or forming a rachis with minute, pimple-like denticles or protrusions scattered over the surface; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, obovoid or subclavate, fusiform, ellipsoidal, usually tapering towards the base, with a distinct hilum, hyaline, subhyaline or pale brown, sometimes with paler end cells, aseptate or transversely septate, wall smooth or finely ornamented, with an ephemeral mucoid sheath; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Morphological comparisons together with phylogenetic analyses of P. parvisporum CBS 770.83 support the view that genera Neomyrmecridium and Pleurophragmium are congeneric, leading to the proposal of 11 new combinations and the introduction of two new names.</p><p>Given the substantial morphological variability among species currently placed in Pleurophragmium, the genus is unlikely to represent a single evolutionary lineage, rendering the traditional generic concept untenable. Accordingly, the present generic description is based on the morphological variability of species whose placement is supported by molecular data and refers to Pleurophragmium s. str. The following list of species is organised into three categories: (i) species accepted in Pleurophragmium s. str.; (ii) species of uncertain status that remain in Pleurophragmium s. lat.; and (iii) species excluded from Pleurophragmium and transferred to other genera. Names in bold indicate the currently accepted classification, accompanied by full synonymy and, where appropriate, brief explanatory notes. The interspecific variability of species listed in the first two categories is summarised in the synopsis table (Table 3). Key to species of Pleurophragmium was provided by D’Souza and Bhat (2012).</p><p>* natural substrate (NS); culture (C).</p><p>Aquapteridospora ( Distoseptisporales, Sordariomycetes) (Yang et al. 2015), is a dematiaceous hyphomycete genus that warrants comparison with Pleurophragmium . Both genera share rigid, erect, darkly pigmented, simple conidiophores on the natural substrate that bear terminal and frequently intercalary holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenous cells that proliferate sympodially, as well as septate conidia that may be surrounded by a mucoid sheath. However, they differ primarily in conidial pigmentation. In Pleurophragmium s. str., conidia are typically hyaline to subhyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity or when in mass, occasionally showing paler end cells, seldom with a mucoid sheath, and have thin-walled septa. Pleurophragmium fusiforme is an exception in having pale brown conidia with paler ends. However, in Aquapteridospora conidia are primarily pigmented, continuously brown or dark brown, often with paler end cells, with thick-walled septa and are often embedded in a mucoid sheath. The exception is A. hyalina described with hyaline conidia that become subhyaline to pale brown at maturity (Ma et al. 2022). Based on molecular evidence, Pleurophragmium bambusinum (Dai et al. 2016) has been transferred to Aquapteridospora by Bao et al. (2021). In addition, several other Pleurophragmium species of uncertain status (see below) and which lack molecular data, show close morphological similarity with members of this genus.</p><p>Pleurotheciella (Réblová et al. 2012) is another genus warranting comparison with Pleurophragmium . Despite their close morphological resemblance in asexual characteristics, which makes them difficult to distinguish, the two genera are clearly separated phylogenetically. Pleurotheciella belongs to the Pleurotheciales, where it forms a robust and species-rich lineage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442DCF9FB8A65B368BFA584E11896568	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
9A20EA83088550ECABBDE66B9CD1CD89.text	9A20EA83088550ECABBDE66B9CD1CD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum L. G. Ma & X. G. Zhang	<div><p>Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum L. G. Ma &amp; X. G. Zhang, Mycotaxon 127: 214. 2014.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, the Forbidden Forest of Banna; on dead branches of Bauhinia acuminata L. ( Caesalpiniaceae); 17 Oct 2008; L. G. Ma (holotype HSAUP H 0042, isotype HMAS 243411) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>See notes under P. clavatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A20EA83088550ECABBDE66B9CD1CD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
ABC6B043BFEA50F3B66B34CB35878445.text	ABC6B043BFEA50F3B66B34CB35878445.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium fluviale Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium fluviale Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. nom. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Myrmecridium aquaticum Z. L. Luo, K. D. Hyde &amp; H. Y. Su, Fungal Diversity 99: 501. 2019.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium aquaticum (Z. L. Luo, K. D. Hyde &amp; H. Y. Su) Crous, Persoonia 47: 201. 2021.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin fluviale (“ of a river ” or “ riverine ”). Refers to the aquatic habitat from which the species was originally collected.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, Lancang River; saprobic on submerged decaying wood; Apr 2015; X. C. Tao S-448 (holotype MFLU 18-1595, isotype HKAS 92833, ex-type culture MFLUCC 15-0366 = KUMCC 15-0340) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The protologue of P. fluviale (as M. aquaticum, Luo et al. 2019) included the ex-type strain MFLUCC 15-0366 and two paratype strains, MFLUCC 18-1489 = S-1158, and S- 001. In the original phylogenetic analysis, all three strains were resolved as conspecific. Myrmecridium aquaticum was later transferred to Neomyrmecridium by Crous et al. (2018 a), who treated P. guizhouense (as Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Hyde et al. 2020) as its synonym, based on a phylogenetic analysis that included the ex-type strain of P. guizhouense (GZCC 20-0008) and both paratype strains of P. fluviale . However, the ex-type strain of P. fluviale was not included in that analysis. In the present phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), which includes sequences from available ex-type and paratype strains of both species, P. fluviale and P. guizhouense are shown to represent distinct species.</p><p>The name P. fluviale is based on M. aquaticum, but the epithet ‘ aquaticum ’ is unavailable in this genus due to the prior valid publication of P. aquaticum (Heredia et al. 2007) . Therefore, a new name is proposed for M. aquaticum .</p><p>Among Pleurophragmium species, P. fluviale shows some similarity to P. parvisporum in conidial morphology. However, it clearly differs in smooth-walled conidia that remain subhyaline at maturity, and longer conidiophores.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC6B043BFEA50F3B66B34CB35878445	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
D1C593CE901A55DE9115EA9D680F45D4.text	D1C593CE901A55DE9115EA9D680F45D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium fusiforme (Liang Zhang bis & Z. L. Luo 2024) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium fusiforme (Liang Zhang bis &amp; Z. L. Luo) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium fusiforme Liang Zhang bis &amp; Z. L. Luo, J. Fungi 10: 19. 2024.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.78917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.78917/lat 23.803333)">Yuanjiang River basin</a>; 23°48.20'N, 101°47.35'E; on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream; 22 Feb 2022; H. W. Shen S-3712 (holotype KUN-HKAS 132122, ex-type culture CGMCC 3.27412 = KUNCC 23-17153) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species resembles P. naviculare (Yang et al. 2023) in having navicular to fusiform, pale brown conidia with paler end cells, but it is distinguished by conidia that are longer, narrower, smooth-walled, and lacking a mucoid sheath.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1C593CE901A55DE9115EA9D680F45D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
1BF44D8FDC145349A2ECEAD4BC60A7A2.text	1BF44D8FDC145349A2ECEAD4BC60A7A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium gaoligongense (R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao & Boonmee 2023) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium gaoligongense (R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao &amp; Boonmee) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium gaoligongense R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao &amp; Boonmee, Curr. Res. Environm. Appl. Mycol. 13: 492. 2023.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, Lushui City, Pian Ma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.68367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.969166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.68367/lat 25.969166)">Gaoligong Mountains</a>; 25°58.15'N, 98°41.02'E; on submerged decaying wood in freshwater habitats; 3 050 m a. s. l.; 29 Apr 2021; R. J. Xu GLG-07 (holotype HKAS 124621, ex-type culture KUNCC 10794) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BF44D8FDC145349A2ECEAD4BC60A7A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
5EFF838114CF5737BFF6967D0E92697E.text	5EFF838114CF5737BFF6967D0E92697E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium guizhouense (N. G. Liu, K. D. Hyde & J. K. Liu 2020) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium guizhouense (N. G. Liu, K. D. Hyde &amp; J. K. Liu) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium guizhouense N. G. Liu, K. D. Hyde &amp; J. K. Liu, Fungal Diversity 100: 187. 2020.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Guizhou Province, Dushan; on decaying wood in freshwater; 6 Jul 2018; N. G. Liu DS 002 (holotype GZAAS 20-0001, ex-type culture GZCC 20-0008) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EFF838114CF5737BFF6967D0E92697E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
133052DBD682548A8B9140F3059A7B01.text	133052DBD682548A8B9140F3059A7B01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium harunganae Hansf.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium harunganae Hansf., Mycol. Pap. 15: 211. 1946.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>UGANDA • Entebbe Road, on sori of Hemileia on leaves of Harungana madagascariensis; C. G. Hansford 2803, 3013 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is parasitic on the sori of Hemileia (Pucciniales) . It was described as having dematiaceous conidiophores with a terminal denticulate rachis, accompanied by additional, disconnected fertile regions along the conidiophore axis. Conidia are aseptate, curved, fusiform, and subhyaline to pale olivaceous. Based on these features, the species appears more consistent with morphologically similar genera such as Ramichloridium or Myrmecridium, pending recollection and the acquisition of molecular data to confirm its placement.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/133052DBD682548A8B9140F3059A7B01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
44C3E5D1A2175B68AF63E254FA18B35B.text	44C3E5D1A2175B68AF63E254FA18B35B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium indicum D'Souza & Bhat	<div><p>Pleurophragmium indicum D’Souza &amp; Bhat, Mycotaxon 119: 477. 2012.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>INDIA • Goa, Molem Wildlife Sanctuary; on fallen dead and decaying leaves of Dendrocalamus strictus ( Poaceae); 11 Mar 1999; M. A. D’Souza (holotype GUBH 367) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is characterised by distinctly versicolorous conidia, with the middle cells dark brown, the end cells pale brown, and the septa conspicuously thick-walled and dark brown. In overall morphology, it bears resemblance to members of Aquapteridospora (Yang et al. 2015) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44C3E5D1A2175B68AF63E254FA18B35B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
4BF0C82072725DEF9579E0BA20409DDA.text	4BF0C82072725DEF9579E0BA20409DDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium jiulongheense Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium jiulongheense Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. nom. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium triseptatum W. P. Wang &amp; Z. L. Luo, Fungal Diversity 132: 499. 2025.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Jiulonghe River, the geographic locality where the type specimen was collected.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, Qujing City, Luoping County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.4885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.547667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.4885/lat 25.547667)">Jiulonghe River</a>; 25°32.86'N, 104°29.31'E; on submerged decaying stem of unknow species of Bambusoideae; 15 Jul 2023; W. P. Wang S-5133 &amp; S-5134 (holotype HKAS 136944, ex-type culture KUNCC 23-15577) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The name P. jiulongheense is based on N. triseptatum (Cao et al. 2025), but the epithet ‘ triseptatum ’ is unavailable in this genus due to prior valid publication of P. triseptatum (Matsushima 1975; = Dactylaria triseptata (Castañeda and Kendrick 1991)) . Therefore, a new name is proposed for N. triseptatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BF0C82072725DEF9579E0BA20409DDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
5C17EA221CB453508169EB0B9F6D5CBC.text	5C17EA221CB453508169EB0B9F6D5CBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium luguense (R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao & Boonmee 2023) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium luguense (R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao &amp; Boonmee) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium luguense R. J. Xu, Q. Zhao &amp; Boonmee, Curr. Res. Environm. Appl. Mycol. 13: 495. 2023.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, Ninglang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.78467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.667833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.78467/lat 27.667833)">Lugu Lake</a>; 27°40.07'N, 100°47.08'E; saprobic on submerged decaying wood in freshwater habitats; 2 672 m a. s. l.; 5 Mar 2021; H. W. Shen L 1127, (holotype HKAS 124601, ex-type culture KUNCC 10796) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurophragmium lugulense resembles P. obcampanuloides (Matsushima 1995); although their 2–3 - septate conidia are similar in size, they differ in shape, being obovoid and tapering to a point in P. lugulense, compared to obpyriform and more turbinate in the latter species. It can also be compared to P. yunnanense (Ma et al. 2014); however, P. yunnanense differs in broadly fusiform conidia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C17EA221CB453508169EB0B9F6D5CBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
06E24AF0113C58C98E0E77CCD78F00C1.text	06E24AF0113C58C98E0E77CCD78F00C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium malaysianum Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium malaysianum Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 9: 20. 1996.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>MALAYSIA • Selangor Darul Ehsan, Ulu Gombak, The University of Malaya Field Stusy Centre; on decaying leaves of a deciduous tree; 12 Jun 1995; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-5 T 054) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is characterised by cylindrical to clavate, pseudoseptate conidia (Matsushima 1996), features that have not previously been observed in members of Pleurophragmium s. str.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06E24AF0113C58C98E0E77CCD78F00C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
33AB0AFFE4C858288FCC2EFF900E76ED.text	33AB0AFFE4C858288FCC2EFF900E76ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium miniumbonatum (R. F. Castaneda, Iturr. & Guarro) R. F. Castaneda	<div><p>Pleurophragmium miniumbonatum (R. F. Castañeda, Iturr. &amp; Guarro) R. F. Castañeda, Mycotaxon 101: 96. 2007.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Cordana miniumbonata R. F. Castañeda, Iturr. &amp; Guarro, Mycotaxon 73: 5. 1999.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>VENEZUELA • Estado de Aragua, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estación Rancho Grande, Camino de Interpretación de la Naturaleza “Andy Fields”, in undisturbed rain forest; on fallen decaying leaves on an unidentified plant; 25 Nov 1997; R. F. Castañeda &amp; T. Iturriaga (holotype MUCL 40700) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Heredia et al. (2007) transferred C. miniumbonata to Pleurophragmium based on its superficial resemblance to P. aquaticum (in the same study) and the presence of conidiophores with a terminal denticulate fertile region, a feature more consistent with Pleurophragmium than with Cordana (Preuss 1851; Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2014). The conidia of P. miniumbonatum are dark brown, except for the hyaline basal cell, and exhibit an umbonate apex with variable shapes ranging from obovoid and pyriform to broadly clavate. However, such dark brown conidia are atypical of Pleurophragmium under its current circumscription.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33AB0AFFE4C858288FCC2EFF900E76ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
6ABE52B446FA5308B5347DF4A540B3DA.text	6ABE52B446FA5308B5347DF4A540B3DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium naviculare (Jing Yang, Jian K. Liu & K. D. Hyde 2023) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2023	<div><p>Pleurophragmium naviculare (Jing Yang, Jian K. Liu &amp; K. D. Hyde) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium naviculare Jing Yang, Jian K. Liu &amp; K. D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 119: 161. 2023.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Guizhou Province, Anshun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.698&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.698/lat 26.071)">Gaodang Village</a>; 26°04.26'N, 105°41.88'E; on decaying wood submerged in Suoluo River; 17 Oct 2018; J. Yang GDT 38 -1 (holotype HKAS 124639, ex-type culture GZCC 20-0484) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6ABE52B446FA5308B5347DF4A540B3DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
9C5C935FFD8759959272227B351D5C9A.text	9C5C935FFD8759959272227B351D5C9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium naviculiforme Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium naviculiforme Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 115. 1975.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>JAPAN • Okinawa Prefecture, Iriomote island; on decaying leaves of an unidentified deciduous tree; Feb 1972; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-4355) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is characterised by 1 - septate, navicular conidia acute at the apex and remain hyaline, both individually and in mass. The fertile region of the conidiophore is apical, relatively small, and often appears inflated and curved. Morphologically, the species resembles P. naviculare (Yang et al. 2023), but the latter differs in possessing a longer fertile region and smaller, verrucose conidia that become pale brown with hyaline end cells at maturity. Molecular data are needed to determine whether P. naviculiforme represents a species belonging to a distinct genus or falls within the interspecific variability of Pleurophragmium .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C935FFD8759959272227B351D5C9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
0BD5CA4C103C5EDAB1455563CC3F11D2.text	0BD5CA4C103C5EDAB1455563CC3F11D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium obcampanuloides Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium obcampanuloides Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 8: 29. 1995.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>JAPAN • Okinawa Prefecture, Iriomote island; in litter on the forest floor; 1992; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-2 J 039) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Due to its unique obpyriform to turbinate conidia, which are septate, pale olivaceous, and olivaceous in mass (Matsushima 1995), this species is readily distinguished from other members of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BD5CA4C103C5EDAB1455563CC3F11D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
227E29706A3C55AFBD5973A3291720D2.text	227E29706A3C55AFBD5973A3291720D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Preuss) Hol. - Jech.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Preuss) Hol. - Jech., Česká Mykol. 26: 223. 1972.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Cordana parvispora Preuss, Linnaea 25: 728. 1852.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Acrothecium simplex Berk. &amp; Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3 7: 382. 1861.</p><p>Acrothecium simplex var. elatum Grove, J. Bot., 24: 203. 1886; Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 486. 1886.</p><p>Acrothecium parvisporum (Preuss) Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 485. 1886.</p><p>Pleurophragmium bicolor Costantin, Mucéd. Simpl.: 100. 1888.</p><p>Acrothecium bicolor (Costantin) Sacc., Syll. fung. 19: 14. 1910.</p><p>Pleurophragmium simplex (Berk. &amp; Broome) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 798. 1958.</p><p>Dactylaria parvispora (Preuss) de Hoog &amp; Arx, Kavaka 1: 58. 1974 [1973].</p><p>Synonymy adopted from Hughes (1958) and Holubová-Jechová (1972).</p><p>Description on the natural substrate.</p><p>Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown to black, beige to pale brown when sporulating; vegetative hyphae immersed or semi-immersed, brown. Conidiophores (80 –) 118–250 (– 270) × (3.5 –) 4–5 µm, often inflated at the base up to 8–11 µm wide, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, unbranched, elongating percurrently, bearing a visible frill, brown, lower part usually dark brown and thick-walled, upper part pale brown, thinner-walled, smooth-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells 26–47 (– 51) × 4.5–5.5 µm, integrated, terminal, sometimes intercalary resulting from the formation of a septum within the original cell, polyblastic, occasionally monoblastic, proliferating sympodially forming a rachis with numerous minute pimple-like denticles or protrusions scattered over the surface, cylindrical, tapering or slightly inflated in the upper part, pale brown, subhyaline towards the apex, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia 10–18 × 3.5–6 µm (mean ± SD = 13.8 ± 2.0 × 4.8 ± 0.7 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, ellipsoidal, obovoid to subclavate, straight, rounded at the apex, tapering towards the base, with a minute basal scar, hyaline to subhyaline, very pale brown in mass, (0 –) 3 (– 4) - septate, mucoid sheath is inconspicuous, ephemeral, disintegrates as the conidium matures and remains collapsed on the conidial wall giving the conidia a longitudinally crumpled appearance, ornamentation absent at the apex; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 46–48 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, mucoid, glossy, pale pink-orange, pale yellow pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse orange. On MLA colonies 44–48 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, mucoid, glossy, zonate, apricot at the centre, paler towards the periphery, pale ochre at the margin, yellow pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse yellow-orange. On OA colonies 52–54 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, mucoid, glossy, distinctly zonate, whitish- to golden-yellow with deep salmon to orange centre and margin, with an intermediate zone of sparse growth and almost no pigmentation, golden-yellow pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse pale yellow. On PCA colonies 48–50 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, mucoid, golden-yellow at the centre, pale yellow towards the periphery, pale yellow pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse pale yellow. Sporulation sparse on OA, absent on CMD, MLA and PCA.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on OA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of hyaline, septate hyphae, 1–2.5 µm wide. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia similar to those on the natural substrate. Conidiophores 88–148 × 3–4 µm in 4 wk, inflated at the base up to 8–9.5 µm wide, extending up to 221 µm long in 8 wk due to the repeated sympodial proliferation of the conidiogenous cells, brown to dark brown and thick-walled in the lower part, paler and thinner-walled towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells 12–27.5 (– 34) × (2.5 –) 3–3.5 µm, integrated, terminal, forming transverse septa during sympodial proliferation and often becoming intercalary with clusters of closely spaced minute denticles or protrusions, arranged along most of the conidiophore length, at the apex with a short rachis of minute denticles or protrusions, polyblastic, cylindrical, pale brown to pale olivaceous brown, apex tends to be paler, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia (9.5 –) 10–14 × 3–4.5 µm (mean ± SD = 11.6 ± 1.0 × 3.6 ± 0.3 μm), hyaline to subhyaline to pale brown, 3 - septate, with a wing-like mucoid sheath located around the middle, or covering the upper two-thirds of the conidium; sheath collapses upon aging, becoming inconspicuous, giving the conidia a longitudinally crumpled appearance, ornamentation absent at the apex. Occasionally the sheath disintegrates towards the upper part of the conidium, where it ruptures and partially detaches from the wall.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>CZECH REPUBLIC • Central Bohemian Region, Týřovické skály National Nature Reserve near Týřovice; on decaying wood of a trunk of Carpinus betulus; 7 May 1971; V. Holubová-Jechová 8587 (PRA -24033) ; Ibid.; Prague, in the valley of Radotínský potok between Choteč and Radotín; on decaying stem of Smyrnium perfoliatum; 19 May 1990; V. Holubová-Jechová 8553 (PRA -24032) ; • Hradec Králové Region, Orlické hory Mts., W of Hadinec near Neratov; 830–880 m a. s. l.; on the inner side of decaying bark of a trunk Fagus sylvatica; 20 Jul 1969; V. Holubová-Jechová 8588 (PRA -24034) ; • Olomouc Region, Hrubý Jeseník Mts., U Kříže forest between Bělá pod Pradědem and Vidly; on decaying wood of Fagus sylvatica; 8 Aug 1971; V. Holubová-Jechová 8584 (PRA -24035) ; • Ibid.; Bučina virgin forest above Františkova myslivna cabin near Kouty nad Desnou; on decaying wood of a branch of Fagus sylvatica; 4 Aug 1971; V. Holubová-Jechová 8586 (PRA -24036) . JAPAN • Kyoto, Daitokuji Tempel D; on unidentified dead twigs; 28 Aug 1983; W. Gams &amp; M. Tsuda (CBS H-3522, dried culture CBS H-3506, living culture CBS 770.83) . SLOVAK REPUBLIC • Lúčanská Malá Fatra Mts., Šrámková National Nature Reserve, Kýčery; on decaying wood of Fagus sylvatica; 26 Sep 1983; V. Holubová-Jechová 8556 (PRA -24037) .</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>Saprobe on decaying wood and herbaceous stems of various hosts, such as Arctium lappa, Brassica oleracea, Campanula medium, Carpinus betulus, Conium maculatum, Epilobium hirsutum, Fagus sylvatica, Filipendula ulmaria, Heracleum sphondylium, Lithocarpus edulis, Polygonum sieboldii, Quercus sp., Sambucus ebulus, Urtica dioica in the Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, UK and New Jersey and Washington, USA (Preuss 1852; Costantin 1888; Berkeley and Broome 1861; Ellis 1968; Holubová-Jechová 1972; Matsushima 1975; Wang 2010; GBIF Secretariat 2023).</p><p>According to GlobalFungi database, P. parvisporum was detected in 40 samples. Most records originate from Asia, primarily from Japan and China, with a smaller contribution from South Korea. Additional records come from Europe, all from Spain. The species is most frequently detected in freshwater aquatic habitats (45 %), followed by anthropogenic / urban sites (50 %), shrubland (17.5 %), forest (15 %), and cropland (2.5 %) biomes. It was detected from water (45 %), soil (35 %), air (17.5 %), and dust (2.5 %). These samples were collected across a wide elevational range, 26–948 m, suggesting no strong restriction to high- or low-altitude habitats. Occurrences are associated with MAT ~ 15.4 ° C and MAP ~ 1 059 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurophragmium was originally described with a single species, P. bicolor, with the protologue and accompanying illustration (Costantin 1888: fig. 70) reproduced here in Fig. 6. The species was treated in detail under the synonymous names P. simplex by Ellis (1968), and P. parvisporum by Holubová-Jechová (1972) and Matsushima (1975). These authors reported a relatively broad conidial length range based on multiple collections from wood and herbaceous stems: 10–21 µm (mostly 15.2 µm) × 3.5–6 µm (mostly 4.5 µm) (Ellis 1968), and 12.5–22.5 (mostly 15–18.5 µm) × 3.5–6.5 µm (mostly 5 µm) (Holubová-Jechová 1972); for Matsushima’s measurements, see below. Collections from the Czech Republic and Japan examined in this study are consistent with these accounts, although the maximum conidial length observed was slightly shorter than in the published ranges. Our observations confirm that within a single species, conidial dimensions can be variable and are fully congruent with previous descriptions.</p><p>In the Japanese material used in this study, conidial dimensions observed both in culture (CBS 770.83: 9.5–14 × 3–4.5 µm) and on the natural substrate (CBS H-3522: 10–13.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm) were highly similar and fall within the range of variability reported for this species from Europe (Ellis 1968; Holubová-Jechová 1972; this study). Although conidia from the Japanese material were somewhat shorter than those of the Czech specimens (10–18 × 3.5–6 µm on the natural substrate, this study), their overall morphology is indistinguishable, including the subtle characters such as the ornamentation of the outer conidial wall due to collapsing sheath, a feature not previously reported in the literature but clearly visible under DIC and PHC microscopy (Figs 7, 8). Notably, Matsushima (1975) reported three Japanese collections of P. parvisporum from decaying wood of Lithocarpus edulis and Quercus sp., with varying conidial sizes in culture: 14.5–25 × 4.5–6.5 µm and 10–16 × 4–6 µm. We therefore concluded that CBS 770.83 and the Czech material of P. parvisporum listed above are conspecific and represent a reliable reference for this species. Attempts to extract DNA from the six herbarium specimens from the Czech Republic were unsuccessful.</p><p>The ITS distribution data derived from the GlobalFungi database suggest that P. parvisporum has a broad ecological amplitude (Fig. 5), occurring across diverse biomes and climatic conditions, but with a notable concentration in aquatic environments in East Asia (China, Japan). Records from Spain confirm the distribution of the species in Europe, although based on published data (see above) the species has been repeatedly reported from several European countries. Records from North America, from where the species was also reported (Wang 2010), and other parts of the world (GBIF Secretariat 2023), are absent in the GlobalFungi database. This broad ecological and climatic range may indicate genuine ecological versatility, or alternatively, the existence of a species complex, as suggested by the variability in conidial length and occurrence on both herbaceous and woody hosts. To clarify its taxonomy, molecular data from additional strains collected across diverse geographical regions are essential for stabilising the species concept.</p><p>Among Pleurophragmium species, P. parvisporum is most comparable to P. fluviale, P. luguense, and P. septatum in its conidial morphology. These taxa share obovoid to fusoid-ellipsoid conidia that are broadly rounded at the apex, tapering to a narrow base with a hilum, predominantly 3 - septate, and hyaline to subhyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity. In the absence of molecular data, distinguishing among these species would be highly challenging. For detailed comparison, see Table 3.</p><p>Interestingly, several biologically active compounds, collectively known as dactylfungins, were isolated from P. parvisporum (strain D 500 obtained from a dead leaf in Japan) and were reported to exhibit antifungal activity against Candida pseudotropicalis and other fungi (Xaio et al. 1993). However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the simple morphology of the species and the recently recognised taxonomic ambiguity among preserved strains identified as P. parvisporum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/227E29706A3C55AFBD5973A3291720D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
F732071E95625B969E9FD8F5FF6977C3.text	F732071E95625B969E9FD8F5FF6977C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium peruamazonicum Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium peruamazonicum Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 7: 61. 1993.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>PERU • Loreto, forest Rio Negro; on decaying palm leaves; Jun 1992; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-2 P 079) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is characterised by versicolorous, 3 - celled conidia with a brown median cell and hyaline end cells. Its conidiophores bear an apical fertile region that often extends along the upper half of the conidiophore axis, with denticles sparsely distributed (Matsushima 1993). Morphologically, it is strikingly similar to P. tricolor (nom. inval., Art. 40.1; Rambelli 2009); for a detailed comparison, see Table 3. While P. peruamazonensis was described from culture, measurements of P. tricolor were derived from natural material. Consequently, features that distinguish the two taxa, such as conidial size and the extent of the apical fertile region, may simply reflect differences between in vitro and in vivo observations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F732071E95625B969E9FD8F5FF6977C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
87B329874DAF5BAAB05F497F86E3D296.text	87B329874DAF5BAAB05F497F86E3D296.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium peruamazonicum var. inflatum Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium peruamazonicum var. inflatum Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 7: 61. 1993.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>PERU • Loreto, forest Rio Negro; on decaying leaves of a deciduous tree; Nov 1990; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-0 P 570) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The variety inflatum differs from the type variety by the conspicuous inflation of the basal portion of the conidium (Matsushima 1993). It is further characterised by thick-walled septa, with the two basal cells pale brown. However, it remains uncertain whether these distinctions fall within the natural intraspecific variability of the species or represent a separate species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/87B329874DAF5BAAB05F497F86E3D296	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
8242E2D613C85D51AA8909D763157D9E.text	8242E2D613C85D51AA8909D763157D9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium pteridophytophilum (Jing Y. Zhang, K. D. Hyde & Y. Z. Lu 2025) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium pteridophytophilum (Jing Y. Zhang, K. D. Hyde &amp; Y. Z. Lu) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium pteridophytophilum Jing Y. Zhang, K. D. Hyde &amp; Y. Z. Lu, Fungal Diversity 132: 375. 2025.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, Chishui County, Hushi Town, Chishui Alsophila Natural Reserve; on dead frond stalks of Pteridaceae sp. in terrestrial habitats; 28 Jul 2022; J. Y. Zhang BL 9 (holotype GZAAS 23-0664, ex-type culture KUNCC 23-13858) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8242E2D613C85D51AA8909D763157D9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
E2991ED43F7856468306864C835570AB.text	E2991ED43F7856468306864C835570AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium septatum (Crous) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium septatum (Crous) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium septatum Crous, Persoonia 41: 287. 2018.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>THAILAND • Ratchaburi Province; on leaves of unidentified vine; 2008, P. W. Crous HPC 2252 (holotype CBS H-23768, culture ex-type CPC 34585 = CBS 145073) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2991ED43F7856468306864C835570AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
9DB3FBC191DB5166B64E949CB559BE30.text	9DB3FBC191DB5166B64E949CB559BE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium sichuanense (Yan P. Chen & Maharachch. 2025) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium sichuanense (Yan P. Chen &amp; Maharachch.) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium sichuanense Yan P. Chen &amp; Maharachch., Phytotaxa 701 (2): 134. 2025.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Sichuan Province, Chengdu City, Dujiangyan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.646164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.646164/lat 31.003)">Longchi National Forest Park</a>; elevation 702 m a. s. l.; 31°00.18'N, 103°38.77'E; on decaying branches of an unidentified herbaceous plant; 5 Oct 2021; Y. P. Chen &amp; W. H. Tian LC 64 (holotype HUEST 24.0068) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>There is a discrepancy between the protologue and the accompanying figures of P. sichuanense (Chen et al. 2025: fig. 3). While the conidia were described as subhyaline to pale brown, 0–1 - septate, and finely verrucose, these features are not clear in the original image. The conidia appear hyaline, smooth, and 1–3 - septate in the figures. Species with ornamented conidia are relatively rare in Pleurophragmium and currently include P. parvisporum, P. sichuanense along with two other species: P. clavatum (Ma et al. 2014) and P. verruculosum (Tiwari 1969) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DB3FBC191DB5166B64E949CB559BE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
2FA358706E9C5C3E8772DC54391DEC04.text	2FA358706E9C5C3E8772DC54391DEC04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium sorbicola (Crous & R. K. Schumach. 2018) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Pleurophragmium sorbicola (Crous &amp; R. K. Schumach.) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Myrmecridium sorbicola Crous &amp; R. K. Schumach., Fungal Syst. Evol. 1: 191. 2018.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Neomyrmecridium sorbicola (Crous &amp; R. K. Schumach.) Crous, Persoonia 41: 287. 2018.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>GERMANY • near Berlin; on branch of Sorbus aucuparia; 17 Feb 2016; R. K. Schumacher (holotype CBS H-23405, culture ex-type CPC 30455 = CBS 143433) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FA358706E9C5C3E8772DC54391DEC04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
77E41CD3A7775DB9B59520512305548D.text	77E41CD3A7775DB9B59520512305548D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium subfusiforme Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium subfusiforme Matsush., Icon. Microfung. Matsush. lect.: 116. 1975.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>JAPAN • Mie Prefecture, University of Mie, Hirakura Exp. Forest; forest; Sep 1965; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-1551) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurophragmium subfusiforme is readily distinguished from other species of the genus by its large (21–38 × 5.8–9.2 µm), fusiform conidia, which are 3–7 - septate and sometimes slightly constricted at the septa. The conidia are subhyaline, becoming pale fuscous in mass (Matsushima 1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/77E41CD3A7775DB9B59520512305548D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
0DD2C398CE8C54F3A959958AAFA557C3.text	0DD2C398CE8C54F3A959958AAFA557C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium taiwanense Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium taiwanense Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 5: 24. 1987.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium bicolor Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 114. 1975. Nom. illegit. (ICN, Art. 53.1) non Pleurophragmium bicolor Costantin, Costantin, Mucéd. Simpl.: 100. 1888.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>TAIWAN • Ken-Ting Park; on rotten leaf-rachis of Arenga engleri; 27 May 1980; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-10120) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species produces cylindro-clavate to somewhat turbinate conidia with a slightly inflated apical cell. Observations from culture show that the fertile regions of the conidiophore are discontinuous, occurring apically as well as at several points along the conidiophore axis, sometimes associated with nodose swellings (Matsushima 1987). Morphologically, it resembles P. peruamazonicum but can be distinguished by its shorter conidia and fewer septa. For additional comparison, see notes to P. asiaticum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0DD2C398CE8C54F3A959958AAFA557C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
CDC0FE22876B5CE38DBE5DC53709D9CB.text	CDC0FE22876B5CE38DBE5DC53709D9CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium tricolor Rambelli	<div><p>Pleurophragmium tricolor Rambelli, Flora Mediterranea 19: 82. 2009. Nom. inval. (ICN, Art. 40.1).</p><p>Typus.</p><p>ITALY • Pantelleria, Montagna Grande; on dead leaves of Arbutus unedo (a 7); (holotype PAL) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDC0FE22876B5CE38DBE5DC53709D9CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
DBA4607D1914595999AC31CAE8961D7B.text	DBA4607D1914595999AC31CAE8961D7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium varieseptatum Matsush.	<div><p>Pleurophragmium varieseptatum Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect.: 117. 1975.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>JAPAN • Kyoto City; on decaying stem of Phyllostachys edulis; Feb 1966; T. Matsushima (holotype MFC-1964) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species is readily distinguished by its cylindrical, pale olivaceous conidia, which display considerable variability in both size and septation, ranging from one to four septa (Matsushima 1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBA4607D1914595999AC31CAE8961D7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
A37A9233759D5E62BB3BBB2D198C38C3.text	A37A9233759D5E62BB3BBB2D198C38C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium verruculosum D. P. Tiwari	<div><p>Pleurophragmium verruculosum D. P. Tiwari, Indian Phytopath.: 513. 1970.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>INDIA • Madhya Pradesh, Sagar; rhizosphere soil of Piper betle; Dec 1965; D. P. Tiwari (holotype IMI 134426, isotype ITCC New Delhi 1375) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Verrucose conidia are rare in Pleurophragmium and are known only from a few species, namely P. clavatum, P. sichuanense, and P. verruculosum . Ornamented conidia are also observed in P. pteridophytophilum as “ rough-walled ” (Zhang et al. 2025), and in P. parvisporum (this study), where the conidial wall appears somewhat longitudinally crumpled. Among these taxa, molecular data are currently available only for P. sichuanense and P. parvisporum . Morphologically, P. verruculosum is most similar to P. clavatum, but can be distinguished by its septate conidia and shorter conidiophores.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A37A9233759D5E62BB3BBB2D198C38C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
785A4CDE49F95078B053049FB1B22D41.text	785A4CDE49F95078B053049FB1B22D41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurophragmium yunnanense L. G. Ma & X. G. Zhang	<div><p>Pleurophragmium yunnanense L. G. Ma &amp; X. G. Zhang, Mycotaxon 127: 215. 2014.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, the Forbidden Forest of Banna; on dead branches of Machilus salicina ( Lauraceae); 18 Oct 2008; L. G. Ma (holotype HSAUP H 0086, isotype HMAS 243412) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species produces pale brown, broadly fusiform conidia tapering at both ends, which are mostly 3 - septate (Ma et al. 2014). In conidial size and septation, it resembles P. ellipsoideum from the same study, but the latter differs in having ellipsoidal conidia that are broadly rounded at the apex. For additional information, see the notes under P. clavatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/785A4CDE49F95078B053049FB1B22D41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
065FFB14E48157058558A1A31C1FD43E.text	065FFB14E48157058558A1A31C1FD43E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudospiropes costaricensis (E. F. Morris) de Hoog & Arx	<div><p>Pseudospiropes costaricensis (E. F. Morris) de Hoog &amp; Arx, Kavaka 1: 59. 1974.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium costaricensis E. F. Morris, Mycologia 64: 893. 1972.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Iturriaga and Korf (1990) proposed the dematiaceous hyphomycete genus Pseudospiropes (Ellis 1971), typified by P. nodosus, as a generic synonym of the apothecial ascomycete genus Strossmayeria (Schulzer 1881) ( Helotiales). The connection between the sexual and asexual morphs was initially established experimentally for two species of Strossmayeria sp. by Iturriaga and Korf (1984), and later demonstrated for P. josserandii, P. nodosus, P. simplex, several additional Pseudospiropes species, and taxa referred to as the “ P. nodosus type ” and the “ P. simplex complex ” (Iturriaga and Korf 1990). The remaining species of Pseudospiropes still require critical revision. Based on Morris’s (1972) original description and illustration of P. costaricensis, we suggest that this species is more appropriately accommodated in Strossmayeria than Pleurophragmium, pending revision of the holotype and the availability of its molecular data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/065FFB14E48157058558A1A31C1FD43E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
B31D378C879F56619575D111A23F89EC.text	B31D378C879F56619575D111A23F89EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Skoliomycella flava Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Skoliomycella flava Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin flavus (yellow). Referring to the yellow pigment released by the colonies into the surrounding agar.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>PORTUGAL • Minho province, Melgaço, Fonte de São João; unidentified plant debris; Nov 2007; J. Capilla, R. F. Castañeda-Ruiz &amp; C. Silvera (holotype CBS H-25776 dried culture, ex-type culture CBS 122759 = FMR 9646) .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 9–10 mm diam., circular, raised, margin entire or slightly undulate, floccose to velvety becoming mucoid, zonate, olivaceous-brown, ochre at the margin surrounded by isabelline halo, with a prominent submerged growth, reverse beige-yellow. On MLA colonies 10–12 mm diam., circular, convex, margin undulate, velvety, zonate, whitish-purple to whitish-brown with an outer thin purple zone, ochre-cream at the margin, with a submerged growth, pale yellow pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse ochre. On OA colonies 9–10 mm diam., circular, flat, margin undulate, velvety, off-white to whitish-brown, brown towards the periphery, with pale ochre-brown halo, pale ochre pigment diffusing into the agar, reverse ochre-brown. On PCA colonies 8–10 mm diam., circular, convex, margin undulate, velvety, zonate, cream to beige-brown, with thin purple-brown and golden-ochre zones at the margin, pale yellow pigment diffusing into agar, reverse ochre. Sporulation absent on CMD, moderate on MLA, OA and PCA.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on MLA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of hyaline, subhyaline to pale brown, branched, septate hyphae, 1.5–2.5 µm wide, occasionally slightly swollen. Conidiophores (22 –) 35–102 × 3–5 µm, macronematous, mononematous, sometimes reduced to a single conidiogenous cell without or with 1–2 supporting cells, scattered or loosely aggregated, erect, cylindrical, some cells slightly inflated, unbranched, sometimes percurrently elongating, flexuous to sinuous, sometimes becoming geniculate exhibiting a zig-zag pattern due to local bending above the septum, each bend is associated with the formation of a single denticle on the ‘ outside’ giving the appearance of irregular or dichotomous branching, pale brown to golden brown, smooth-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells 10–24 × 3–4 µm, integrated, terminal, form transverse septa during sympodial extension and become intercalary, occasionally lateral growing directly on hyphae, monoblastic or polyblastic with 1–4 peg-like denticles, cylindrical or subulate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous-brown when in the terminal position, golden-brown when intercalary, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia 18.5–36 (– 45) × (3 –) 4–5.5 µm (mean ± SD = 27.1 ± 5.6 × 4.9 ± 0.1 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, oblong to cylindrical, elongate fusiform to narrowly ellipsoidal, tapering at both ends, truncate at the base 1–1.5 µm wide, with a conspicuous basal scar, usually straight, occasionally slightly curved, often with guttules or granules visible inside the cells, smooth-walled, aseptate and hyaline when young, at maturity with 3–7 transverse septa and subhyaline to pale olivaceous-brown, olivaceous-grey in mass; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>Skoliomycella flava is a saprobe occurring on plant remnants. To date, two confirmed records originate from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically from Portugal (this study) and Spain (GlobalFungi), within a temperate, Mediterranean climate. According to GlobalFungi, it was detected in a single air sample from an anthropogenic biome, MAT ~ 14.5 ° C, MAP ~ 575 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Skoliomycella flava is readily distinguished from the morphologically similar species attributed to Camporesiomyces (Hyde et al. 2020) and Zaanenomyces (Crous et al. 2021) by the absence of a rachis in the fertile apical portion of the conidiogenous cell. Instead, its conidiophores are flexuous to sinuous, sometimes exhibit a zig-zag pattern, with a single denticle and / or a slightly prolonged conidiogenous cell formed at each bend on the outer side of the conidiophore, giving the impression of irregular or dichotomous branching.</p><p>The detection of S. flava in urban air highlights its capacity for aerial dispersal, although it occurs at very low relative abundance. However, its global distribution remains uncertain, as no additional records outside the Iberian Peninsula are available. Whether S. flava represents a rare, geographically restricted lineage, or whether its scarcity reflects limited sampling, or under-detection due to low environmental abundance, remains to be determined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31D378C879F56619575D111A23F89EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
28A84564EC8F5CF4BB0E476A4FACB7D7.text	28A84564EC8F5CF4BB0E476A4FACB7D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Skoliomycella Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Skoliomycella Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Greek skolios (crooked, bent, or twisted) and the Latinised diminutive suffix - mycella, derived from Greek mykēs (fungus). Referring to a “ small crooked fungus ” with characteristically bent, geniculate or flexuous conidiophores observed in culture.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Skoliomycella flava Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Colonies in vitro effuse. Mycelium composed of hyaline or lightly pigmented, septate hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, sometimes reduced to a single conidiogenous cell, erect, cylindrical, unbranched, flexuous to sinuous, sometimes becoming geniculate exhibiting a zig-zag pattern, percurrently elongating, pigmented, septate. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary, monoblastic or polyblastic, extending sympodially, with denticles; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, oblong to fusiform to ellipsoidal, pigmented, transversely septate; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Skoliomycella, typified by S. flava, known to reproduce only asexually, is proposed here as a new monotypic genus in the Tubeufiaceae . In overall morphology, it resembles Camporesiomyces (Hyde et al. 2020; Han et al. 2025) and Zaanenomyces (Crous et al. 2021), which, together with Skoliomycella and several other genera, form a well-supported subclade within the Tubeufiaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/28A84564EC8F5CF4BB0E476A4FACB7D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
12660EDBD28D5AA986A0F0A7FFE2AB6C.text	12660EDBD28D5AA986A0F0A7FFE2AB6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes capensis (Thum.) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes capensis (Thüm.) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 5. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium capense Thüm., Flora 59: 570. 1876.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Cercospora capensis (Thüm.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 469. 1886.</p><p>Pleurophragmium capense (Thüm.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 796. 1958.</p><p>For additional synonyms, see Ellis (1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12660EDBD28D5AA986A0F0A7FFE2AB6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
37E81EC701225B69BDFA436A14FC89D5.text	37E81EC701225B69BDFA436A14FC89D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes dorycarpus (Mont.) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes dorycarpus (Mont.) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 11. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium dorycarpum Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 17: 120. 1842.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium dorycarpum (Mont.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>For additional synonyms, see Ellis (1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37E81EC701225B69BDFA436A14FC89D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
3C0B6D2B66F75476AFC687A30C1E5139.text	3C0B6D2B66F75476AFC687A30C1E5139.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes effusus (Pat.) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes effusus (Pat.) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 10. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Podosporium effusum Pat., Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &amp; Virgin Islands 8 (1): 103. 1926.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Helminthosporium dorycarpum var. amazoniae S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 50: 24. 1953.</p><p>Pleurophragmium dorycarpum var. amazoniae (S. Hughes) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797 1958.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0B6D2B66F75476AFC687A30C1E5139	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
5518A38D06C15A03A1068DAA195F263E.text	5518A38D06C15A03A1068DAA195F263E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes guareicola (F. Stevens) Cif.	<div><p>Spiropes guareicola (F. Stevens) Cif., Sydowia 9: 303. 1955.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium guareicola F. Stevens, Bot. Gaz. 65 (3): 241. 1918.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Pleurophragmium guareicola (F. Stevens) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>Helminthosporium flagellatum H. S. Yates, Philipp. J. Sci., C 13 (6): 383. 1918.</p><p>Helminthosporium spirotrichum Sacc., Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 6: 61. 1921.</p><p>Cladosporium elegans var. singaporense Sacc., Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 6: 60. 1921.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5518A38D06C15A03A1068DAA195F263E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
3AE5AC8830035EB990C3BAE632EC5CD8.text	3AE5AC8830035EB990C3BAE632EC5CD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes helleri (F. Stevens) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes helleri (F. Stevens) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 14. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium helleri F. Stevens, Bot. Gaz. 65: 242. 1918.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Helminthosporium maculosum Sacc., Atti Accad. Sci. Ven. - Trent. - Istr., Sér. 3 10: 91. 1919. [1917].</p><p>Pleurophragmium maculosum (Sacc.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>Helminthosporium leucosykes H. S. Yates, Philipp. J. Sci., C 13 (6): 382. 1918.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AE5AC8830035EB990C3BAE632EC5CD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
95594F82BBBC50648FAA45BEEA1D5902.text	95594F82BBBC50648FAA45BEEA1D5902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes palmetto (W. R. Gerard) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes palmetto (W. R. Gerard) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 16. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium palmetto W. R. Gerard, Grevillea 17 (83): 68. 1889.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium palmetto (W. R. Gerard) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 798. 1958.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/95594F82BBBC50648FAA45BEEA1D5902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
416B757E7FDE5ACDB72FE7774CFEBE35.text	416B757E7FDE5ACDB72FE7774CFEBE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiropes scopiformis (Berk.) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Spiropes scopiformis (Berk.) M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 114: 30. 1968.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Cladosporium scopiforme Berk. [as ‘ scopaeforme ’], Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 208. 1854.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Helminthosporium scopiforme (Berk.) Subram., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 35: 450. 1956.</p><p>Pleurophragmium scopiforme (Berk.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 798. 1958.</p><p>Cladosporium congestum Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 9. 1875.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/416B757E7FDE5ACDB72FE7774CFEBE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
775A6A0FAF085C54A73A51708A2416F6.text	775A6A0FAF085C54A73A51708A2416F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strossmayeria atriseda (Saut.) Iturr.	<div><p>Strossmayeria atriseda (Saut.) Iturr., Mycotaxon 36: 404. 1990.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Peziza atriseda Saut., Flora, Regensburg 28: 133. 1845.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Tapesia atriseda (Saut.) Poetsch &amp; Schied., System. Aufzähl. samenlos. Pflanzen (Krypt.): 158. 1872.</p><p>Helminthosporium nodosum Wallr., Fl. crypt. Germ. 2: 165. 1833.</p><p>Brachysporium nodosum (Wallr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 4: 425. 1886.</p><p>Pleurophragmium nodosum (Sacc.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>Pseudospiropes nodosus (Sacc.) M. B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 258. 1971.</p><p>Helminthosporium subapiculatum Peck, Bull. New York State Mus. 150: 55. 1911.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/775A6A0FAF085C54A73A51708A2416F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
75606A4D851D5471A23578A6B32E5C27.text	75606A4D851D5471A23578A6B32E5C27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strossmayeria basitricha (Sacc.) Dennis	<div><p>Strossmayeria basitricha (Sacc.) Dennis, British cup fungi and their allies: An introduction to the Ascomycetes: 73: 1960.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Belonidium basitrichum Sacc., Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentino Sci. Nat. Padova 4 (1): 135. 1875.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Helminthosporium cylindricum Wallr. [as ‘ Helmisporium ’], Fl. crypt. Germ. 2: 164. 1833. Nom. illegit. (ICN, Art. 53.1) non Helminthosporium cylindricum Corda [as ‘ Helmisporium ’], Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3 (11): 21, t. 11. 1831.</p><p>Pleurophragmium cylindricum S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 797. 1958.</p><p>Pseudospiropes simplex (Kunze ex Nees) M. B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 260. 1971.</p><p>For additional synonyms, see Hughes (1958), Ellis (1971) and Iturriaga and Korf (1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75606A4D851D5471A23578A6B32E5C27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
CC2826169A685EC39718A2E0E627A1AB.text	CC2826169A685EC39718A2E0E627A1AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea acropleurogena Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Thysanorea acropleurogena Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Greek akros (apex), pleurá (side) and genēs (born, produced). Referring to the mode of conidium development, in which conidia are formed both terminally and laterally on the conidiogenous cells.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>PAPUA NEW GUINEA • Madang Province, foothills of Finisterre Range, 40.8 km along road to Lae; 200 m a. s. l.; on unidentified wood; 2 Nov 1995; A. Aptroot 36665 (holotype CBS H-25780 dried culture, ex-type culture CBS 215.96) .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 44–45 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, lanose, pinkish-brown to brown, darker at the margin, reverse dark brown. On MLA colonies 36–38 mm diam., circular, convex, margin entire, floccose to lanose, olivaceous-grey to mouse grey, dark olivaceous at the margin, reverse dark olivaceous. On OA colonies 40–41 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, lanose at the centre and on the inoculation block, cobwebby towards the periphery, with a well-defined grey-brown central zone, dark brown towards the periphery, with a diffuse lighter halo at the margin, reverse dark brown. On PCA colonies 40–42 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire, lanose, grey-brown, cobwebby and dark brown towards the periphery, reverse dark brown. With a prominent submerged growth on all media. Sporulation on PCA, absent on CMD, MLA and OA.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on PCA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, septate hyphae, 1.5–2.5 µm wide. Conidiophores 98–145 × 3.5–4.5 µm, basal cells sometimes slightly inflated 5–6.5 µm wide, macronematous, mononematous, loosely scattered to densely fasciculate, mostly erect, straight to slightly flexuous, cylindrical, subtly undulate, unbranched to loosely branched in the upper part, pale to medium brown to pale olivaceous brown, darker at the base, smooth-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells 23.5–28 (– 40) × 3.5–5 (– 5.5) µm, integrated, terminal, forming transverse septa during sympodial proliferation and often becoming intercalary, arranged either along most of the conidiophore length or restricted to the upper part, forming a rachis with numerous, closely spaced, minute denticles, polyblastic, cylindrical, pale brown to pale olivaceous brown, end cells tend to be paler, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia (13.5 –) 15–21 × (3.5 –) 4–5.5 µm (mean ± SD = 17.2 ± 1.8 × 4.5 ± 0.3 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, subcylindrical to oblong or fusiform to fusiform-clavate, tapering towards both ends, truncate at the base 1–1.5 µm wide, with a conspicuous basal scar, straight or slightly curved, pale brown to pale olivaceous brown, darker at the base, dark olivaceous brown in mass, smooth-walled, (1 –) 3 - septate; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>The species is a saprobe occurring on decaying wood and is currently known only from Papua New Guinea. No identical ITS sequences were recovered in the GlobalFungi database.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2) revealed that T. acropleurogena forms a sister relationship to a subclade comprising three closely related species, T. hainanensis, T. sinensis, and T. wuzhishanensis . They belong to a subclade that also includes T. seifertii and T. cantrelliae . Among known species, T. acropleurogena is closest to T. obscura and T. seifertii in having lightly pigmented, subcylindrical to oblong, predominantly 3 - septate conidia. However, both species are readily distinguishable in conidial characters and having unbranched conidiophores. Thysanorea obscura differs from the new species in subhyaline to yellowish brown, larger conidia, 20–31 × 5–8 µm (Matsushima 1983). Thysanorea seifertii produces similar pale brown, subcylindrical to clavate or oblong conidia, but these are considerably shorter, 7–15 × 1.5–3 µm (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2020). In addition, T. seifertii produces a phialidic synasexual morph in culture, a feature so far unique among Thysanorea species. In the phylogenetic tree, all three species are resolved as distinct lineages.</p><p>The original material, CBS H-6267, from which the axenic culture was derived, consists of multiple twigs. However, we could not locate the target fungus. Several twigs are covered with aerial mycelium, while others carry fertile conidiophores of a dendryphiella-like fungus. Accordingly, a dried culture was designated as the holotype of T. acropleurogena .</p><p>Thysanorea acropleurogena appears to represent a rare species, confirmed thus far from a single collection on decaying wood. The absence of identical ITS sequences in the GlobalFungi database indicates that it has not yet been detected in environmental sequencing datasets, suggesting that the species may be geographically restricted or currently overlooked due to under-sampling.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2826169A685EC39718A2E0E627A1AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
EF3E7F08286951A0BE5B22FAA699ACC0.text	EF3E7F08286951A0BE5B22FAA699ACC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous	<div><p>Thysanorea Arzanlou, W. Gams &amp; Crous, Stud. Mycol. 58: 80. 2007. emend. Hern.- Restr. &amp; Crous, Fungal Syst. Evol. 6: 17. 2020.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Arzanlou et al. (2007) and Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2020).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Thysanorea is characterised by micro- to macronematous, dematiaceous conidiophores that are simple or apically branched, bearing terminal or intercalary, holoblastic, polyblastic conidiogenous cells. Conidia are solitary, acropleurogenous, transversely septate, pale brown, and variable in shape, most commonly oblong, obovoid, or fusiform. In contrast, the associated synasexual morph is phialidic.</p><p>Three species previously classified in Uncispora were shown to be congeneric with Thysanorea and are here formally transferred to the genus, with new combinations proposed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF3E7F08286951A0BE5B22FAA699ACC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
1E14B3C958895953801ECEB5BEC79653.text	1E14B3C958895953801ECEB5BEC79653.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea hainanensis (Jian. Y. Li & Z. F. Yu 2015) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Thysanorea hainanensis (Jian. Y. Li &amp; Z. F. Yu) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Uncispora hainanensis Jian. Y. Li &amp; Z. F. Yu, Mycotaxon 129: 474. 2015.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Hainan Province, Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve; 754 m a. s. l., isolated from decayed leaves; Dec 2011; G. Z. Yang (holotype YMF 1.04038, ex-type culture YMF 1.040381) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E14B3C958895953801ECEB5BEC79653	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
819FCD0C39F457FEA8423F3B8B7AB33D.text	819FCD0C39F457FEA8423F3B8B7AB33D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea melanica (Hong Y. Su, Udayanga & K. D. Hyde) Hern. - Restr. & Crous	<div><p>Thysanorea melanica (Hong Y. Su, Udayanga &amp; K. D. Hyde) Hern.-Restr. &amp; Crous, Fungal Syst. Evol. 6: 18. 2020.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Minimelanolocus melanicus Hong Y. Su, Udayanga &amp; K. D. Hyde, Fungal Biol. 119: 1056. 2015.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 51–52 mm diam., circular, flat to slightly raised in the centre, margin diffuse, entire, zonate, floccose to velvety, white-beige in the centre, brown to dark brown towards the margin, reverse dark brown to black. On MLA colonies 49–51 mm diam., circular, flat, raised at the centre, margin entire, zonate, lanose to floccose centrally, becoming mucoid and glossy towards the periphery, lanose at the margin, cream to buff in the central region, sharply contrasting with the surrounding, dark grey to blackish mucoid mycelium, olivaceous-grey at the margin, reverse dark olivaceous-grey to black. On OA colonies 47–50 mm diam., circular, flat, margin diffuse, entire, floccose to slightly lanose at the centre, becoming cobwebby towards the periphery, whitish to pale pinkish-buff, surrounded by a wide zone of submerged, dark olivaceous-grey mycelium that diffuses into the agar, paler at the margin, reverse uniformly dark olivaceous-grey to black. On PCA colonies 41–42 mm diam., circular, flat to slightly raised in the centre, margin diffuse, entire, floccose to somewhat lanose, central zone pale pink-brown-buff, surrounded by a dark brown submerged zone, paler at the margin, reverse dark olivaceous-brown to nearly black. Sporulation absent on all media.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on PCA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of subhyaline to pale brown, septate hyphae, 1.5–3 µm wide. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia absent.</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>THE NETHERLANDS • North Holland Province, Wieringermeer Polder, Van Bemmelen Hoeve; isolated from wheat field soil; May 1966; W. Gams (living culture CBS 862.68) .</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>Thysanorea melanica was originally described from decaying wood in China (Liu et al. 2015), with an additional record from wheat field soil in the Netherlands (this study). According to the GlobalFungi database, the species has been detected in 266 environmental samples across three continents. Its ITS dataset is strongly Eurocentric, with ~ 90 % of detections originating from Europe, where it is recorded in multiple countries, showing notable hotspots in Estonia, Switzerland, and Germany. Asia contributes ~ 8 % (driven largely by China), and North America is sparsely represented by ~ 2 %. It is most frequently detected in cropland (50 %), followed by grassland (20 %), forest (17 %), anthropogenic habitats (9.4 %), woodland (2.3 %) and shrubland (0.4 %) biomes. Most records are from soil samples including topsoil and rhizosphere soil (93.2 %), with minor representation in roots and shoots. Occurrences are associated with MAT ~ 8.4 ° C and MAP ~ 749 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Although strain CBS 862.68 did not sporulate on any of the culture media tested, molecular data enabled its placement in the genus Thysanorea and as conspecific with T. melanica (Fig. 2). Thysanorea melanica is nested within a well-supported subclade comprising six additional species. It is characterised by unbranched, dark brown conidiophores bearing terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells, and by pale brown conidia that are 1–3 - septate when young and 4–6 - septate at maturity, measuring (9 –) 13–37 (– 45) × (2.5 –) 3.5–6.5 (– 8) μm (Liu et al. 2015).</p><p>Thysanorea melanica is a cosmopolitan, soil-dwelling saprobe, occasionally associated with plant tissues, that thrives across a wide range of environments with a preference for temperate to cool-temperate climates with moderate rainfall. Its frequent occurrence in croplands, grasslands, and forests highlights its ecological versatility and ability to persist in both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. The predominance of records from cropland soils further implies that agricultural activities may have facilitated its spread and persistence, potentially through soil transport or crop-associated dispersal. This hypothesis is consistent with the occurrence of CBS 862.68 strain, which was isolated from wheat field soil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/819FCD0C39F457FEA8423F3B8B7AB33D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
1668732207E05E38A55B7F297CECDF9B.text	1668732207E05E38A55B7F297CECDF9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea rousseliana (Mont.) Hern. - Restr. & Crous	<div><p>Thysanorea rousseliana (Mont.) Hern.-Restr. &amp; Crous, Fungal Syst. Evol. 6: 18. 2020.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Helminthosporium rousselianum Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 3, 12: 300. 1849.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Pleurophragmium rousselianum (Mont.) S. Hughes, Canad. J. Bot. 36: 798. 1958.</p><p>Pseudospiropes rousselianus (Mont.) M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 221. 1976.</p><p>Spiropes rousselianus (Mont.) de Hoog &amp; Arx, Kavaka 1: 59. 1974.</p><p>Minimelanolocus rousselianus (Mont.) R. F. Castañeda &amp; Heredia, Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 10. 2001.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1668732207E05E38A55B7F297CECDF9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
DDFEA18BD0BE5D2EA30410A4297E2556.text	DDFEA18BD0BE5D2EA30410A4297E2556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea sinensis (G. Z. Yang & Z. F. Yu 2011) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Thysanorea sinensis (G. Z. Yang &amp; Z. F. Yu) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Uncispora sinensis G. Z. Yang &amp; Z. F. Yu, Mycotaxon 116: 172. 2011.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan province, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; on submerged leaves of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant; Sep 2010; G. Z. Yang (holotype YMF 1.03683; ex-type culture YMF 1.03683) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDFEA18BD0BE5D2EA30410A4297E2556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
D061A206093B568EAEDD0DB554E51173.text	D061A206093B568EAEDD0DB554E51173.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanorea wuzhishanensis (L. P. Chen & Z. F. Yu 2018) Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Thysanorea wuzhishanensis (L. P. Chen &amp; Z. F. Yu) Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Uncispora wuzhishanensis L. P. Chen &amp; Z. F. Yu, Sydowia 70: 255. 2018.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>CHINA • Hainan Province, Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve; 754 m a. s. l.; on submerged decaying leaves in a stream; 30 Jun 2011; Z. F. Yu (holotype YMF 1.04080) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D061A206093B568EAEDD0DB554E51173	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
0641C641C4F75318B5F78DD5C069612C.text	0641C641C4F75318B5F78DD5C069612C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Virgariella hippotrichoides (Corda) de Hoog	<div><p>Virgariella hippotrichoides (Corda) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 205. 1977.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Chloridium hippotrichoides Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 17, t. 4: 238. 1837.</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Pleurophragmium hippotrichoides (Corda) M. B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 164. 1976.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0641C641C4F75318B5F78DD5C069612C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
9ADDBA3EB02450748CCFB9C18F1E97AB.text	9ADDBA3EB02450748CCFB9C18F1E97AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wongia Khemmuk, Geering & R. G. Shivas	<div><p>Wongia Khemmuk, Geering &amp; R. G. Shivas, IMA Fungus 7: 249. 2016.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Khemmuk et al. (2016).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>To date, 11 species have been described in Wongia . The asexual morphs produce macronematous conidiophores with holoblastic, polyblastic, sympodially elongating conidiogenous cells that generate septate, subhyaline to dark brown, transversely septate or rarely aseptate conidia (e. g. Bao et al. 2021; Crous et al. 2022; Manawasinghe et al. 2024; Wang et al. 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ADDBA3EB02450748CCFB9C18F1E97AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
FA202411F0D0552286B71E75F222A506.text	FA202411F0D0552286B71E75F222A506.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wongia pallidopolaris Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Wongia pallidopolaris Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin pallidus (pale), and polaris (of or relating to the poles). Referring to the conidial pigmentation, in which the apical and basal cells are distinctly paler than the central, more pigmented cells, creating a noticeable bipolar contrast.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>THE NETHERLANDS • Gelderland Province, Wageningen; isolated from sandy soil under continuous wheat; Jan 1970; J. H. van Emden No. 4118, 30 (holotype CBS H-25781 dried culture, ex-type culture CBS 440.70) .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 40–41 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire to slightly fimbriate, diffuse, lanose, with a subtle concentric zoning, beige to grey-beige at the centre, brown at the margin, reverse dark brown. On MLA colonies 38–40 mm diam., circular, raised, margin entire, lanose, composed of camel brown and pale olivaceous brown concentric zones, reverse dark brown. On OA colonies 49–51 mm diam., circular, raised, margin entire, lanose, composed of beige, camel brown, dark brown and cinnamon concentric zones, brown at the margin, aerial hyphae at the centre and margin bearing numerous colourless exudates, reverse brown. On PCA colonies 44–45 mm diam., circular, convex, margin entire, lanose, whitish-grey at the centre surrounded with a thin smoke-grey zone, pale beige to light fawn towards the margin, reverse dark brown. Sporulation abundant on CMD, MLA, and PCA, absent on OA.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on MLA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of pale brown, septate, sparsely branched hyphae, 1.5–3 µm wide. Conidiophores 24–70 × 3.5–5 (– 5.5) µm, macronematous, mononematous, solitary or aggregated, erect, straight to slightly flexuous, apically almost sinuous, cylindrical, unbranched, occasionally proliferating sympodially, brown, dark brown in the lower part, smooth-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells 12–30 × (4.5 –) 5–6 µm, integrated, terminal, mono- or polyblastic, with one to several denticles, extending sympodially, cylindrical, tapering, sometimes slightly swollen at the apex, pale brown, paler at the apex, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia (20 –) 22–28 (– 30) × 5.5–6.5 (– 5.5) µm (mean ± SD = 25.2 ± 1.7 × 6.1 ± 0.3 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, ellipsoid to fusiform to fusiform-clavate, tapering towards both ends, truncate at the base 2–2.5 µm wide, with a conspicuous basal scar, mostly straight, occasionally slightly curved, brown to dark brown, end cells paler then the middle ones, apical cell often with a dark brown tip, smooth-walled to finely roughened, thick-walled, the outer wall partly detaches from the conidium, the detached segments appear as apical or side pocket or wings, sometimes the outer wall is detached around the base imitating a minute frill, 3 - septate, mucoid sheath absent; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>The examined strain was isolated from sandy agricultural soil in the Netherlands. According to the GlobalFungi database, W. pallidopolaris was detected in 812 environmental samples. It is cosmopolitan, widely distributed in temperate to subtropical regions, with most records from North America, Europe, and Asia. The main hotspots are in the USA (Michigan, New York and North Carolina), China (Provinces Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Jiangxi, Jilin and Yunnan), and central Europe (particularly Switzerland and the Netherlands), while additional, less frequent records originate from Australia and Africa. The species is primarily soil-associated (86.2 %), with occasional detection in roots, shoots and rare occurrence in air or water. It is predominantly associated with cropland (59.1 %) and grassland (28 %) ecosystems, followed by occasional occurrence in the anthropogenic habitats (6.4 %), forest (4.2 %) and woodland, aquatic, shrubland and wetland biomes. In both USA and China, W. pallidopolaris is strongly associated with cropland ecosystems, particularly cereals and legumes ( Zea mays, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Chenopodium quinoa). However, in China the species exhibits a broader ecological amplitude, occurring not only in croplands but also in forest soils, rhizospheres, and even aerosols, whereas in the USA it appears to be more restricted to cropland and anthropogenic soils. Occurrences are associated with MAT ~ 11.8 ° C and MAP ~ 926 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Wongia pallidopolaris closely resembles W. aquatica (Luo et al. 2019) in having 3 - septate, brown conidia with paler end cells. However, W. aquatica differs in possessing shorter conidia, measuring 17–21 × 5–7 µm. Phylogenetically, both species form a strongly supported sister relationship within a monophyletic clade that is basal to all remaining Wongia species (Fig. 3).</p><p>Most conidia lacked any sheath-like structure; however, in a few cases, a similar feature was observed (Fig. 11 O). It appeared on one or both sides near the base or apex, only at the apex, or occasionally at several points on the same conidium. This structure is slightly pigmented and resembles an outer wall layer that detaches in one or several places rather than a mucoid sheath. In other Wongia species, a mucoid sheath has not been reported. It is possible that in culture, where osmotic conditions differ from those in nature, the outer conidial wall deteriorates and partially detaches. In contrast, a similar structure observed in P. parvisporum represents a true mucoid but ephemeral sheath that is practically invisible on conidia from natural material yet clearly visible in culture, positioned laterally around the middle of the conidium (Fig. 7 N – P) or covering the upper two-thirds (Fig. 7 D, E).</p><p>Based on eDNA data, W. pallidopolaris is regarded as a cosmopolitan soil saprobe with strong ecological associations to cropland and grassland ecosystems. Its prevalence in agricultural soils suggests that human activity, particularly through agricultural practices, may have facilitated its dissemination. Its occasional detection in forest soils, rhizospheres, and even aerosols indicates that it can exploit a broader range of habitats. Despite its widespread occurrence in environmental samples, W. pallidopolaris represents a morphologically cryptic fungal lineage that has likely been overlooked in traditional surveys.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA202411F0D0552286B71E75F222A506	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
3E24ABB5E9EF5AAD96AE16572B4835CC.text	3E24ABB5E9EF5AAD96AE16572B4835CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wongia rhachidophora Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Wongia rhachidophora Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Greek rhachis (spine, axis) and phoros derived from phora (bearing). Referring to the fertile, rachis-like upper part of the conidiophore, which bears conidia along its length.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>INDIA • Bangalore, Arboretum of Forestry Department; on dead leaf of Bambusa sp.; Jun 1973; W. Gams (holotype CBS H-11671 dried culture, ex-type culture CBS 531.73, paratype CBS H-5414) .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 45–51 mm diam., circular, flat, powdery, sienna, margin paler, cinnamon to fawn, diffuse, fimbriate to slightly lobate, reverse brown with different tones of dark brick, brick to sienna in concentric zones. On MLA colonies 65–67 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire to fimbriate, velvety to powdery, centre rosy buff, cinnamon to saffron towards the periphery, reverse brown. On OA colonies 58–60 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire to fimbriate to floccose, velvety, with concentric brown zones of different tones such as fulvous, sienna to cinnamon, ochreous towards the margin, reverse dark brown (umber) in the centre with ochreous margin. On PCA colonies 53–54 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire fimbriate to diffuse, velvety to sandy, centre fulvous to ochreous, isabelline towards the margin, with numerous exudates at the centre, reverse of the same colour. Sporulation abundant on all media.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on OA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of hyaline to pale brown, smooth hyphae, verrucose close to the conidiophore base, 1–2 μm wide. Conidiophores up to 63 μm long, 2.5–3.5 μm wide at the base, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, straight to slightly flexuous, cylindrical, unbranched, pale brown to brown-orange. Conidiogenous cells 13–52 × 3–4 μm, integrated, terminal, sometimes forming transverse septa during sympodial proliferation and becoming intercalary, polyblastic, denticulate, cylindrical to subcylindrical, tapering, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia 8.5–18.5 × 3–5.5 μm (mean ± SD = 14.2 ± 2.4 × 4.0 ± 0.4 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, oblong-ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal-clavate, rounded at the apex, slightly tapering towards the base, truncate at the base, 0.5–1 μm wide, smooth-walled, 0–3 septate, hyaline when young, subhyaline to pale brown when mature, pale grey-brown in mass; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>The species is a saprobe, currently known from two records, including a dead leaf of Bambusa sp. in India (this study) and a sample isolated from soil in a pine rock land ecosystem in the coastal savanna biome in Miami, USA (GlobalFungi). Occurrences are associated with MAT ~ 24.4 ° C and MAP ~ 1441 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses, W. rhachidophora was placed within a species complex comprising also W. bambusae, W. bandungensis, W. fusiformis, and W. suae (Fig. 3). Among these, W. fusiformis is readily distinguished by its 1–2 (– 3) - septate, fusiform to clavate, mid-brown conidia, often with paler end cells, measuring 14–18 × 4–5 µm (Bao et al. 2021). Wongia rhachidophora is also well differentiated within this complex by its 3 - septate, uniformly brown conidia, 8.5–18.5 × 3–5.5 μm. In conidial size and shape it most closely resembles W. fusiformis, but the two are resolved as distinct lineages. The remaining three species are particularly difficult to separate morphologically, as they share 1–2 (– 3) - septate, hyaline to pale brown, oblong to ellipsoidal-clavate conidia. The conidia of W. suae, 8–11 × 3–4 µm (Zhang et al. 2023 a), and W. bambusae, 8–13 × 3–5 µm (Yu et al. 2024), overlap in size, making them almost indistinguishable without molecular data. The conidial length of W. bandungensis slightly overlaps with the former two species, but extends to a longer upper range, 11.3–14 × 4.3–5.2 µm (Manawasinghe et al. 2024). A detailed phylogenetic comparison of W. rhachidophora with morphologically similar taxa of this species complex is provided in the Results chapter.</p><p>Wongia rhachidophora appears to be a rare saprobe, with a disjunct distribution between Oceania and subtropical North America. Its presence in a pine rock land biome underscores its adaptability to soil of seasonally dry savannas. However, given the limited records, it is unclear whether this species is truly rare and geographically restricted, or more widespread but overlooked in global fungal diversity surveys.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E24ABB5E9EF5AAD96AE16572B4835CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
74A8AE8FA35357A28545FD7EE1680A66.text	74A8AE8FA35357A28545FD7EE1680A66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zaanenomyces Crous & Osieck	<div><p>Zaanenomyces Crous &amp; Osieck, Persoonia 47: 223. 2021.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Crous et al. (2021).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Zaanenomyces (Crous et al. 2021) was established for dematiaceous hyphomycetes characterised by erect, macronematous conidiophores and holoblastic, polyblastic, sympodially elongating conidiogenous cells. The fertile region of the conidiogenous cell is transformed into a rachis bearing pimple- or peg-like denticles, each producing hyaline, obclavate, transversely septate conidia. The genus is typified by Z. quadripartis and includes three additional species, Z. hilifer (this study), Z. moderatricis-academiae and Z. versatilis (Crous et al. 2021) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/74A8AE8FA35357A28545FD7EE1680A66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
6A9BC106F504561D838857001FD688D4.text	6A9BC106F504561D838857001FD688D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zaanenomyces hilifer Reblova & Hern. - Restr. 2025	<div><p>Zaanenomyces hilifer Réblová &amp; Hern.-Restr. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin hilum (scar, mark) and fer (bearing, carrying) derived from ferre (to bear, to carry). Referring to the conidial morphology, and the distinct basal hilum.</p><p>Typus.</p><p>IRAN • Golestān Province, Fenderesk District, Alborz Mountains near Shirābād village, Shirābād Waterfall; on Carex sp. litter; Jun 2003; W. Gams &amp; R. Zare (holotype CBS H-25777 dried culture, ex-type culture CBS 113561) .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CMD colonies 13–14 mm diam., circular, slightly raised, margin entire, cobwebby becoming mucoid, slightly furrowed, salmon to salmon-brown, pink-beige at the margin, reverse pink-beige. On MLA colonies 16–17 mm diam., circular, convex, margin entire, cobwebby, furrowed, salmon-brown with whitish patches, margin salmon, reverse beige with pinkish-orange hue. On OA colonies 14–16 mm diam., circular, flat, cobwebby to velvety, faint orange with diffuse margin, reverse of the same colour. On PCA colonies 12–13 mm diam., circular, flat, margin entire to fimbriate, mucoid and salmon-brown at the centre, cobwebby to velvety and whitish-salmon towards the periphery, reverse of the same colour. Sporulation abundant on OA and PCA, moderate on MLA, absent on CMD.</p><p>Description in culture.</p><p>Colonies on MLA effuse. Sexual morph. Not observed. Asexual morph. Mycelium composed of hyaline to subhyaline, branched, septate, thin-walled hyphae, often swollen, 1.5–3.5 µm wide. Some of the swollen hyphal segments differentiate into thick-walled, subglobose to globose cells, which become basal cells of the conidiophores. Conidiophores 51.5–98.5 × 3.5–5 µm, basal cells bulbous or lobate, 5–8.5 (– 10) µm wide, macronematous, mononematous, scattered or loosely aggregated, erect, cylindrical or slightly subulate, with or without nodulose swellings, unbranched, brown to golden brown, basal cell at first subhyaline to pale brown, brown at maturity, smooth-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells 6.5–21 × 2.5–3.5 µm, integrated, terminal, sometimes forming transverse septa during sympodial proliferation and becoming intercalary with clusters of closely spaced denticles, monoblastic or polyblastic, denticulate, cylindrical, sometimes with a slight swelling at the apex, pale brown, subhyaline towards the apex, smooth-walled; conidiogenesis holoblastic-denticulate. Conidia 12–19 × 3–4.5 µm (mean ± SD = 15.2 ± 1.9 × 4.0 ± 0.3 μm), solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, fusiform to narrowly ellipsoidal, subobtuse to acute at the apex, tapering towards the base, often slightly acuminate, truncate at the base ca. 1 µm wide, with a conspicuous basal scar, slightly curved to straight, smooth-walled, with (1 –) 3 (– 4) transverse septa, not constricted at the septa, hyaline, also hyaline in mass; conidial secession schizolytic.</p><p>Habitat and geographical distribution.</p><p>The species is a saprobe on litter of Carex sp. in Iran. According to the GlobalFungi database, it is widespread in Europe in numerous countries, with hotspots in Switzerland, Czech Republic, and Germany, and secondary occurrences in North America (USA, Canada) and Asia (China). It was detected in 149 samples isolated predominantly from soil (80.5 %), with occasional recovery from deadwood (8.7 %), roots (6 %), air (2.7 %) and shoots (2.1 %). It is most often found in grasslands (49 %), with notable representation in shrubland (16.1 %), forest (16.1 %) and cropland (11.4 %) biomes, and less frequently in anthropogenic habitats, woodlands, wetlands and aquatic systems. The species thrives in temperate climates, MAT ~ 10.3 ° C, MAP ~ 770 mm / year.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Zaanenomyces hilifer is readily distinguished from the other three species described by Crous et al. (2021) by its smaller, fusiform to narrowly ellipsoidal conidia, 12–19 × 3–4.5 μm, which are predominantly 3 - septate. The closely related Z. quadripartis differs in having longer conidia, (12 –) 23–30 (– 35) × (2.5 –) 3 µm. Both species possess macronematous conidiophores with occasional nodulose swellings along the stipe and a conspicuous terminal rachis. Moreover the basal cell in Z. hilifer is bulbous to lobate, while basal cell of Z. quadripartis is swollen or with rhizoids (Crous et al. 2021). Zaanenomyces versatilis is characterised by straight to geniculately curved, semi-macronematous conidiophores, and longer conidia, (16 –) 43–50 (– 55) × (2.5 –) 3 (– 3.5) µm, which are subcylindrical, pale brown, (3 –) 7–10 (– 12) - septate. In addition, Z. moderatricis-academiae also produces longer, (32 –) 40–52 (– 57) × 2.5–3 µm, 4–10 - septate, pale brown conidia on micronematous conidiophores, often reduced to single, mostly monoblastic conidiogenous cells. These morphological differences, together with molecular evidence, support the recognition of Z. hilifer as a distinct species.</p><p>Zaanenomyces hilifer is a widely distributed, soil-dwelling saprobe with strong representation in temperate biomes, especially grasslands and croplands. Its presence across Europe, North America, and Asia highlights a cosmopolitan distribution pattern, likely facilitated by anthropogenic soil movement and plant associations. Despite being recently described, eDNA sequencing suggests it is neither rare nor geographically restricted, but instead an ecologically versatile species that may be overlooked due to its cryptic morphology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A9BC106F504561D838857001FD688D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Réblová, Martina;Nekvindová, Jana;Bauchová, Lucie;Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita	Réblová, Martina, Nekvindová, Jana, Bauchová, Lucie, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita (2025): Pleurophragmium parvisporum (Ascomycota): One name, seven stories – a case highlighting the need for verification of strains from public culture collections. IMA Fungus 16: e 173033, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.173033
