taxonID	type	description	language	source
595287BCFFF38509DEBCFF46FC771034.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF38509DEBCFF46FC771034.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Neoconocephalus subulatus (Bolívar, 1881)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF38509DEBCFF46FC771034.taxon	description	Emended redescription (based on Naskrecki 2000). Head: Frons smooth; fastigium of vertex projected, basal tooth present, base wider than scapus width, apex longer than scapus length. Thorax: Pronotal disk smooth; lateral lobes faintly rough; prosternum with a pair of long spines; mesosternum triangular with rounded edges and two triangular lobes; metasternum triangular with semioval lobes. Wings: Tegmen developed and elongated, usually extending beyond abdomen apex. Legs: Precoxal spine present; foreleg with tympanum provided with two or three distinct areas; mid- and hindlegs always with spines. Color: Body with uniform or marbled coloration generally ranging from light green to brown, mandible and ventral part of tarsi and sometimes ventral part of fastigium of the vertex, black. Description of male. Abdomen: Tenth tergite margin projected with two lateral projections. Cercus: Developed with two distal lobes, each lobe with spike-shaped apex facing proximally, dorsal lobe of cercus with a robust base, ventral lobe of cercus with terminal spine. Subgenital plate: Longer than wide, with prominent median and lateral carinae, posterior margin in an open V-shaped with two styles. Description of female (based on Naskrecki 2000). Cercus: Long, cylindrical, and unmodified. Subgenital plate: Invaginated with two lateral projections; ovipositor straight and long.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 2, 17, 18 A – B)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head semi-ovoid in frontal view (Figs. 1 E, M, 2 E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth of base projected and space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons approximately half the length of scapus (Figs. 1 C, D, E, K, L, M, 2 C, D, E); pronotum lateral lobe slightly longer than wide (Figs. 1 C, K, 2 C); and tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide and apex slightly rounded (Figs. 1 B, J, 2 B).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Semioval in frontal view (Figs. 1 E, M, 2 E); fastigium of vertex slightly trapezoidal in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth projected at basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 1 C, D, E, K, L, M, 2 C, D, E); fastigium of frons little projected, triangular (Figs. 1 E, M, 2 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin slightly convex (Figs. 1 D, L, 2 D); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of the lateral lobe straight followed by sharp curve with straight lower margin; margin of humeral sinus broadly rounded, invagination of humeral sinus in an open V-shaped or concave (Figs. 1 C, K, 2 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 1 B, J, 2 B). Legs: foreleg genicular lobe with inner side wide with rounded apex and outer side with triangular apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one rounded and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one almost rounded and closed, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg genicular lobe with inner side triangular with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with seven ventral spines on inner margin and nine on outer margin; hindleg femur with nine pairs of short ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed and slightly curved, tibia dorsally with approximately 20 inner spines and 29 outer spines, in addition to two pairs of spurs, ventrally with eight pairs of small alternating spines. Color: Living male and female specimens mostly green (Fig. 18 A – B). Type specimen greenish yellow; black maculae on ventral surface of tarsi and frontal area of the fastigium of the vertex (Figs. 1 E, M, 2 E). Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct elevated transverse regions, anterior one oval and the posterior one rounded (Fig. 1 F). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring half the length of lobe; ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 1 G, H). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin weakly concave, with pair of lateral triangular projections (Figs. 1 N, 2 F). Ovipositor: Extending beyond tegmen apex (Figs. 1 J, 2 B). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 29.1 (30.0); FL 3.2 (2.9); PdL 7.9 (8.5); TegL 41.8 (41.0); FlegL 8.1; HlegL 26.9 (27.0); OvL 40.8 (35.0). Females (n = 18): BdL 27.8 – 32.5; FL 2.9 – 3.2; PdL 8.0 – 8.3; TegL 41.8 – 44.7; FlegL 7.6 – 8.4; HlegL 26.5 – 27.6; OvL 37.9 – 41.1. Males (n = 12): BdL 26.4 – 29.7; FL 1.7 – 1.9; PdL 7.6 – 8.0; TegL 35.1 – 38.3; FlegL 6.3 – 7.1; HlegL 20.0 – 21.4.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Minas Gerais [new record], São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. affinis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1819), N. minor (Karny, 1907), and N. nigrosignatus (Karny, 1907) Nevertheless, N. boraceae can be distinguished from N. affinis by stridulatory area with two distinct elevated regions, the anterior one measuring approximately one third of tegmen width (Fig. 1 F) (stridulatory area with single elevated region with length subequal to tegmen width in N. affinis), from N. minor by the pronotum posterior margin slightly convex (Figs. 1 D, L, 2 D) and stridulatory area with two elevated transverse regions (Fig. 1 F) (pronotum posterior margin convex and stridulatory area with single elevated region in N. minor), and from N. nigrosignatus by the ovipositor extending beyond or reaching the tegmen apex (Figs. 1 J, 2 B) (ovipositor not reaching tegmen apex in N. nigrosignatus). Finally, Piza (1983) pointed similarities between N. boraceae and N. boraceanus, but the former can be easily distinguished by its tegmen with slightly rounded apex (Figs. 1 B, J, 2 B) (oblique in N. boraceanus).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF3850EDEBCFC3BFCD41197.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus boraceae: female holotype “ BR. — S. P. — Salesópolis; Boracea 6 – 11. Mar. 1948; Travassos P. Braz, Rabello & Bohermann. ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: Three females “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 27 – 31. V. 2014; Manual; Costa. B. B. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0770, DZRJ ORT 0771 and DZRJ ORT 0776]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 25 – 29. IV. 2012; Manual; Cunha et al. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0062]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 14 – 19. V. 2013; Manual; Macedo, L. S. leg. [DZRJ ORT 0208]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 27. IV. 2011; Manual; Pereira, F. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0082]. Two females “ Parq. Arq. e Amb. de São João Marcos, Rio Claro, RJ, BR, Estrada Imperial; 07 – 08. VIII. 2018; Luiz Carmo leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32496, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32497]. Three females “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIO do Tinguá; 26 – 27. XI. 2019; Souza-Dias P. leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32491, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32492, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32493]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, Rebio do Tinguá; 16 – 17. XII. 2019; Souza-Dias, P. Siqueira, A. M. legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32494]. Two females “ Brasil, RJ, Rio das Ostras, REBIO União; 22 ° 25 ’ 31 S 42 ° 02 ’ 21 ” W; 21 – 25. II. 2022; Disciplina PPGZoo — Souza Dias & equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32200, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32485]. Two females “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIO do Tinguá; 14 – 16. II. 2020; Souza-Dias, P. Siqueira, A. M. legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32489, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32490]. One female “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; Vanetti leg. ” [UFVB]. Males: One male “ Campos do Jordão. S. P. 7. XII. 1926; Spitz col. ” “ alotipo haud descriptus ” [MELQ]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 27 / IV- 1 / V / 2011; Manual; Nessimian et al. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0088]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 14 – 19 / V / 2013; Manual; Vozniak, J. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0213]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 14 – 19 / V / 2013; Manual; Aguilar, B. leg ” [DZRJ ORT 0211]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIO do Tinguá; 26 – 27. XI. 2019; Souza-Dias P. leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32199]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Rio das Ostras, REBIO União; 22 ° 25 ’ 31 S 42 ° 02 ’ 21 ” W; 21 – 25. II. 2022; Disciplina PPGZoo — Souza Dias & equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32484]. Two males “ BRASIL, RJ, Itatiaia, PN _ Itatiaia; 22 ° 27 ’ 1510 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 6410 ” W; 809 m 11 – 13. II. 2019; Souza-Dias, PGB, Siqueira, A. M., Pereira, TPL legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32487, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32488]. One male “ Brasil RJ, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Res. Ecológica do Guapiaçu; 22 ° 27 ’ 5 ” S 42 ° 46 ’ 19 ” W, 30 – 40 m; 13 – 16. XI. 2021; Disciplina PPGZoo — Souza Dias & equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32495]. One male “ Rebio União, Rio das Ostras, RJ; 06 – 10 / IX / 2019; M. Targino J. Miguel legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32486]. One male “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; Vanetti leg. ” [UFVB]. One male “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; 11.38; Snipes leg. ” [UFVB].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 17, 18 C – D)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head semioval in frontal view (Fig. 3 E, M); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width (Fig. 3 C, D, E, K, L, M); and pronotum lateral lobe as long as wide (Fig. 3 C, K).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Semioval in frontal view (Fig. 3 E, M); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth weakly projected at basal portion of fastigium (Fig. 3 C, D, E, K, L, M); fastigium of frons projected, rounded (Fig. 3 E, M). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin slightly convex (Fig. 3 D, L); lateral lobe as long as wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe straight followed by smooth curve with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus concave (Fig. 3 C, K). Wings: Tegmen with the basal region weakly narrower than apical region (Fig. 3 B, J). Legs: Foreleg genicular lobe with rounded apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one rounded and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one closed, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg femur with two pairs of small spines, genicular lobe triangular with inner side with acute apex and outer side with apex rounded, tibia with sex pairs of ventral spines; hindleg with femur with 11 pairs of short ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed and slightly curved, tibia dorsally with approximately 22 inner spines and 21 outer spines, in addition to two pairs of spurs, ventrally with nine pairs of small alternating spines. Color: Living specimens mostly green (Fig. 18 C – D). Specimens studied green with some parts yellow. Type specimens yellow with apical area of wings light green; black on ventral surface of tarsi and frontal area of apex fastigium (Figs. 3 E, M). Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct elevated transverse regions, anterior one oval and posterior one rounded (Fig. 3 F). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring half the length of lobe, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 3 G, H). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin concave and with a pair of pseudo-styled projections (Fig. 3 N). Ovipositor: Almost reaching the tegmen apex (Fig. 3 J). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 28.1 (25.0); FL 1.5; PdL 8.0 (8.0); TegL 45.9 (44.0); FlegL 8.2; HlegL 25.1 (26.3); OvL 28.1 (27.0). Females (n = 16): BdL 27.9 – 30.1; FL 1.5 – 1.6; PdL 7.8 – 8.4; TegL 43.2 – 48.0; FlegL 7.9 – 8.1; HlegL 24.6 – 28.1; OvL 27.3 – 29.1. Males (n = 5): BdL 23.9 – 28.1; FL 1.5 – 1.6; PdL 8.4 – 8.9; TegL 35.3 – 37.9; FlegL 6.1 – 6.3; HlegL 19.9 – 22.2.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Minas Gerais [new record], São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro [new record], and Paraná [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. irroratus (Burmeister, 1838) However, N. boraceanus can be distinguished from N. irroratus by its fastigium base tooth weakly projected (Figs. 3 C, E, K, M) and wings with basal region weakly narrower than apical region (Figs. 3 B, J) (fastigium base tooth projected and wing basal and apical regions equally long in N. irroratus). Piza (1983) described a female holotype and a male allotype, but the latter does not belong to N. boraceanus (see N. corumbaensis below).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF4850CDEBCFCDDFC3F108B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus boraceanus: female holotype “ Est. Biol. Boraceia; Salesópolis — S. P.; 25 - II- 1963 W. Werner & H. Reichardt col. ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: One female “ Brasil, RJ, Piraí, Sítio Dom Carlos; 12 ° 22 ’ 33 ” 30 ° 01 ’ 01 ”; 09. IV. 2011; Manual; Gomberg, D.; Silva, M. M. S. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1357]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 15 – 19 / IV / 2009; Manual; Maia, M. C. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0070]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 25 – 29 / IV / 2012; Manual; Takiya, D. M. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0069]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 14 – 19 / V / 2013; Manual; Matos, E. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0205]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 14 – 19. V / 2013; Bruner et al. legs. ” [DZRJ ORT 0207]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras; 27 – 31 / V / 2014; Manual; Costa, B. B. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 0772]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, PNI, Trilha do Hotel Donati; 6 / II / 2021; Antunes et al. legs. ” [DZRJ ORT 1232]. One female “ Botafogo; Distrito Federal Brasil; II. 1958; L. C. Alvarenga leg. ” [DZUP 366697]. One female “ Brasil, PR, Antonina, RPPN Guaricica, Trilha dos fornos, 167 m; 25.298 S 48.657 W; 04. II. 2022; H. Barros leg. ” [DZUP 367110]. One female “ BR, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, Rebio Tinguá; 14 – 16. II. 2020; Souza-Dias e Lima legs. ” [MNRJ]. Two females “ Brasil, RJ, Rio das Ostras, REBIO União; 22 ° 25 ’ 31 S 42 ° 02 ’ 21 ” W; 21 – 25. II. 2022; Disciplina PPGZoo — Souza Dias & equipe legs. ” [MNRJ]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, PN _ Itatiaia; 22 ° 27 ’ 1510 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 6410 ” S 809 m; 11 – 13. II. 2019; Souza-Dias, PGB, Siqueira A. M. legs. ” [MNRJ]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIO do Tinguá; 26 – 27. XI. 2019; Souza-Dias, P. leg. ” [MNRJ]. One female “ Cel. Pacheco. MG; Água Limpa; 12 / 11 / 41; Vasco Gomes leg. ” [UFVB]. One female “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; Vanetti leg. ” [UFVB]. Males: One male “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, Lago Azul; 21 / X / 2018; Manual; Freitas, A. S. & Ferreira, A. L. D. legs. ” [DZRJ ORT 0908]. One male “ Muriqui, Est. do Rio. Brasil; 20. III. 1960; M. Alvarenga leg. ” [DZUP]. Two males “ BR, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, Rebio Tinguá; 14 – 16. II. 2020; Souza-Dias e Lima legs. ” [MNRJ]. One male “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; Vanetti leg. ” [UFVB].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head semioval in frontal view (Fig. 4 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width (Figs. 4 C, D, E); pronotum lateral lobe as long as wide, without evident separation of anterior and lower margins (Fig. 4 C); tegmen with basal and apical regions equally wide, median region widest.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Semioval in frontal view (Fig. 4 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth projected at basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 4 C, D, E); fastigium of frons little projected, rounded (Fig. 4 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin convex (Fig. 4 A); lateral lobe as wide as long, anterior margin of lateral lobe slightly rounded, without evident separation from lower margin, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus concave (Fig. 4 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Fig. 4 B). Legs: Foreleg genicular lobe with triangular apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one closed, tibia with five ventral spines of inner margin; midleg genicular lobe triangular with inner side with acuminate apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with seven pairs of ventral spines; hindleg with femur ventrally with nine inner spines and six outer spines, genicular lobe little developed, tibia dorsally with approximately 21 inner spines and 24 outer spines, ventrally with 11 pairs of alternating spines. Color: Holotype light brown, allotype light green with to yellow; black on ventral surface of tarsi and frontal area of apex fastigium. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with single elevated transverse region long and narrow with median furrow throughout length (Fig. 4 F). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring half the length of lobe, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 4 G, H). Measurements: Male holotype: BdL 33.8 (35.0); FL 1.7; PdL 9.4 (9.8); TegL 49.1 (50.0); FlegL 8.0; HlegL 28.3 (29.5). Male: BdL 26.8; FL 1.7; PdL 8.1; TegL 42.9; FlegL 6.9.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. maculosus (Redtenbacher, 1891) and N. spiza Walker & Greenfield, 1983. However, N. corumbaensis can be distinguished from N. maculosus by the space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons measuring approximately half of scapus length (Fig. 4 C) (one third of scapus length in N. maculosus), and from N. spiza by its stridulatory area occupying half the width of tegmen (Fig. 4 F) (two thirds of tegmen width in N. spiza). The male allotype of N. boraceanus is herein considered conspecific to the holotype of N. corumbaensis (Fig. 4 J – R).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF68502DEBCFBA1FC4C1293.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus corumbaensis: male holotype “ 21. I. 68; Corumbá; M. T; K. Oeshiro ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus boraceanus: male paratype “ Est. Biol. Boraceia; Salesópolis, SP. 850 m; J. Oliveira Santos col.; 10 – 15. MAR. 1963 ” “ Neoconocephalus boraceanus Piza alótipo ” [MELQ].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	description	(Figs. 5, 6, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust body (Figs. 5 A, B, I, J, 6 A, B); head oval in frontal view (Figs. 5 E, N, 6 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three and half times wider than scapus width (Figs. 5 C, D, E, L, M, N, 6 C, D, E); pronotum lateral lobe longer than wide (Figs. 5 C, L, 6 C).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Oval in frontal view (Figs. 5 E, N, 6 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three and a half times larger than scapus width, tooth projected at basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 5 C, D, E, L, M, N, 6 C, D, E); fastigium of frons projected, rounded (Figs. 5 E, N, 6 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin slightly convex (Figs. 5 D, M, 6 D); lateral lobe longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight followed by a smooth curve with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus very rounded and very marked, invagination of humeral sinus in an open V-shaped (Figs. 5 C, L, 6 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 5 B, K, 6 B). Legs: Foreleg genicular lobe little developed and triangular, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one circular and open; midleg with femur with two ventral small spines, genicular lobe little developed with inner side with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with approximately six pairs of ventral spines; hindleg femur ventrally with 10 inner spines and six outer spines, genicular lobe little developed, tibia dorsally with approximately 17 inner spines and 21 outer spines, in addition two pairs of spurs, ventrally with seven pairs of spines. Color: Living specimens green with apical region of tegmen yellowish green or brown. Type and additional specimens green or brown; black on ventral surface of tarsi, joints of legs, and frontal area of the fastigium of vertex. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct elevated transverse regions, anterior one long with median furrow and posterior one with a small callous projection (Figs. 5 F, 6 F). Cercus: dorsal lobe with spine measuring one third the length of lobe, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 5 G, H, 6 G, H). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin deeply concave and with pair of triangular projections (Fig. 5 O). Ovipositor: Slightly extending beyond tegmen apex (Fig. 5 K). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 33.7 (35.0); FL 2.4 (2.0); PdL 9.8 (10.0); TegL 51.6 (51.0); FlegL 9.2; HlegL 28.7 (28.0); OvL 38.3 (36.0). Females (n = 3): BdL 28.1 – 33.3; FL 2.1 – 2.6; PdL 9.2 – 9.8; TegL 48.3 – 50.1; FlegL 8.7 – 9.3; HlegL 26.5 – 27.9; OvL 36.9 – 39.1. Males (n = 11): BdL 26.4 – 27.2; FL 1.5 – 1.8; PdL 8.8 – 9.2; TegL 41.8 – 44.3; FlegL 6.2 – 7.0; HlegL 22.0 – 22.4.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Minas Gerais [new record], Paraná, Rio de Janeiro [new record], and São Paulo states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. cylindricus (Karny, 1907), N. dispar (Karny, 1907), and N. exaltatus (Walker, 1869). However, N. curitibensis can be distinguished from N. cylindricus by its pronotum lateral lobe with sinus humeral rounded and very marked (Figs. 5 C, L, 6 C) and ovipositor extending beyond tegmen apex (Fig. 5 K) (sinus humeral concave and ovipositor not reaching the tegmen in N. cylindricus); from N. dispar by presence of space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons (Figs. 5 C, L, 6 C) and tegmen with basal and apical equally wide (Figs. 5 B, K, 6 B) (space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons absent and tegmen with apical region narrower than basal region in N. dispar); and from N. exaltatus by the pronotum lateral lobe with smooth curvature between anterior and lower margin (Figs. 5 C, L, 6 C) and stridulatory area with anterior elevated region measuring one third of tegmen width (Fig. 5 F) (pronotum lateral lobe with sharp curvature between anterior and lower margin and stridulatory area with anterior elevated region measuring half of tegmen width in N. exaltatus). The male holotype of N. rioclarensis syn. nov. is herein considered conspecific to N. curitibensis. Observing the type material of two species, important diagnostic similarities were observed, such as, robust body, being one of the largest Neoconocephalus species (Figs. 5 A, B, J, K, 6 A, B); oval head, in frontal view (Figs. 5 E, N, 6 E); similar sized fastigium of vertex base width and fastigium of vertex length (Figs. 5 C, D, E, L, M, N, 6 C, D, E); and thorax notoriously wider in comparison with the rest of the body (Figs. 5 A, J, 6 A). Additionally, the male holotype of N. rioclarensis syn. nov. shares with identified males of N. curitibensis the same number and disposition of elevated regions on the stridulatory area (Figs. 5 F, 6 F).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFF88500DEBCFDD9FB771481.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus curitibensis: female holotype “ Curitiba; Or. Curiol II. 45 ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus rioclarensis syn. nov.: male holotype “ Dr. Amilto Ferreira leg.; Rio Claro (S. P.); 10 - X- 70 ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: One female “ Brasil, PR, Antonina, RPPN Guaricica, Trilha dos fornos, 167 m; 25.298 S 48.657 W; 4. II. 2022; H. Barros leg. [DZUP 367122]. One female “ Brasil, SP, Biritiba Mirim, Estação Biológica de Boracéia; 12 – 16. X. 2016; Souza-Dias & equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32129]. One female “ Viçosa, MG, Brasil; 13 / 12 / 84; P. S. Fiuza F. leg. ” [UFVB]. Males: One male “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, BR 485; 13 / X / 2013; Rede de varredura; Takiya et al. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 0673]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, PNI, Trilha do lago azul; 27 / IX / 2019; Antunes et al. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1171]. One male “ Brasil, RJ, Itatiaia, PNI, Propriedade perto do lago azul; 25 – 28. X. 2019; Malaise; Antunes et al. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1356]. One male “ Brasil, PR, Antonina, Res. Nat. Guaricica, Trilha da Rede. 06 – 20. VII. 2018; Malaise suspensa; G. A. R. Melo & R. Cavichioli legs. ” [DZUP 367116]. Four males “ Brasil, SP, Biritiba Mirim, Estação Biológica de Boraceia; 12 – 16. X. 2016; Souza-Dias & equipe leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32107, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32130, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32131, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32132]. Two males “ Viçosa. MG; 13 / 10 / 87; Exc. DB 1 leg ” [UFVB]. One male “ Viçosa, M. G. Brasil; 20.3.63; Vanetti leg. ” [UFVB].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	description	(Figs. 7, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Thinner appearance (Figs. 7 A, B, J, K); head conical in frontal view (Figs. 7 E, N); fastigium of vertex conical in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base two times wider than scapus width (Figs. 7 C, D, E, L, M, N); and lateral lobe of pronotum slightly longer than wide (Figs. 7 C, L)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Conical in frontal view (Figs. 7 E, N); fastigium of vertex conical in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base two times wider than scapus width, tooth weakly projected in the basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 7 C, D, E, L, M, N); fastigium of frons little projected, rounded (Figs. 7 E, N). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin almost convex (Figs. 7 D, J); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight followed by a smooth curve with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus weakly concave (Figs. 7 C, L). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 7 B, K). Legs: Foreleg femur with six pairs of ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed, triangular and with acute apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one closed; midleg genicular lobe triangular with inner side with acuminate apex and outer side little developed and with rounded apex, tibia with six pairs of spines; hindleg femur with 11 pairs of small ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed and slightly curved, tibia dorsally with 22 internal spines and 21 external spines, in addition to two pairs of spurs, ventrally with approximately nine pairs of small alternating spines. Color: Type and additional specimen (holotype of N. creusae) light brown; black maculae on ventral surface of tarsi. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct slightly elevated transverse regions, anterior one long and posterior one almost half of tegmen length (Fig. 7 F). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring at least more than half the length of lobe, ventral lobe two times of dorsal lobe (Fig. 7 G, H). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin concave and with pair of small triangular projections (Fig. 7 O). Ovipositor: almost reaching tegmen apex (Fig. 7 K). Measurements: Male holotype: BdL 29.7 (32.0); FL 1.5; PdL 8.1 (8.0); TegL 36.0 (36.0); FlegL 6.0; HlegL 15.9 (16.0). Females (n = 2): BdL 29.0 – 31.1; FL 2.2 – 2.3; PdL 6.8 – 7.0; TegL 41 – 5 – 42.1; FlegL 6.0 – 6.2; HlegL 17.1 – 17.3; OvL 22.1 – 22.4.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. americanus (Karny, 1907), N. globifrons (Karny, 1907), N. restrictus (Walker, 1869), and N. testaceus (Redtenbacher, 1891). Nevertheless, N. gaucho can be distinguished from N. americanus and N. globifrons by the fastigium of vertex basal tooth weakly projected (Fig. 7 C, L) (well projected in N. americanus and N. globifrons), from N. restrictus by the pronotum lateral lobe with border not demarcated (Fig. 7 C, L) and tegmen apex almost oblique (Fig. 7 B, K) (pronotum lateral lobe with border strongly demarcated and tegmen apex almost straight in N. restrictus) and from N. testaceus by its fastigium apex 1 / 3 of fastigium base width (Fig. 7 D, E, M, N) and invagination of humeral sinus weakly concave (Fig. 7 C, KL (fastigium apex 2 / 3 of fastigium base width and invagination of humeral sinus deeply concave in N. testaceus). The female holotype of N. creusae syn. nov. is herein considered conspecific to N. gaucho, mainly by the size of fastigium of vertex base width (Fig. 7 D, M); fastigium of vertex length (Fig. 7 D, M); and wings with basal and apical region equally wide (Fig. 7 B, K). Additionally, a female of N. gaucho collected at the type locality, deposited at MELQ was also studied, and based on the study of this specimen, the similarity of N. gaucho with the female holotype of N. creusae syn. nov. became even clearer.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFD8507DEBCFF08FE9114A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus gaucho: male holotype “ Sta. Maria, R. S, D. Link leg.; 12.2.68 ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus creusae syn. nov.: female holotype “ A. Zamith; Araçatuba; 1 - 1970 ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: One female “ Sta. Maria; 16. III. 72; A. Lang leg. ” “ Alótipo não descrito ” [MELQ].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	description	(Figs. 8, 9, 17, 18 E – F)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head conical in frontal view (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, with truncate apex, two and half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E); lateral lobe of pronotum anterior margin without evident separation from lower margin (Figs. 8 C, L, 9 C); tegmen elongated and narrow, with basal and apical regions equally wide (Figs. 8 B, K, 9 B); and ovipositor not extending beyond tegmen apex (Figs. 8 K, 9 B).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Conical in frontal view (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, two and half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth weakly projected at basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 8 C, D, E, L, M, N, 9 C, D, E); fastigium of frons little projected, rounded (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin almost convex (Figs. 8 A, C, M, 9 A, C); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe weakly rounded, without evident separation from the lower margin, margin of humeral sinus very rounded, invagination of humeral sinus weakly V-shaped (Figs. 8 C, L, 9 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Fig. 8 B, K, 9 B). Legs: Foreleg femur with two ventral inner spines inner, genicular lobe triangular and little developed, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one with open small slit, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg genicular lobe little developed with inner side with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with seven pairs of ventral spines; hindleg femur ventrally with eight inner spines and seven outer spines, tibia dorsally with 29 inner spines and 26 outer spines, ventrally with approximately nine pairs of alternating ventral spines. Color: Holotype mostly light green, additional type specimens (holotype of N. precarius and holotype of N. matogrossensis) brown, additional and living specimens green to brown (Fig. 18 E – F); black on ventral surface of tarsi, tegmen with black spots absent or present. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct slightly elevated transverse regions, anterior one long and posterior one short (Fig. 8 F). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring one third of lobe, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Fig. 8 G, H). Description of female. Female abdomen: Subgenital plate posterior margin weakly reaching tegmen apex (Figs. 8 K, 9 B). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 33.2 (35.0); FL 2.2; PdL 8.5 (8.0); TegL 53.4 (52.0); FlegL 7.1; HlegL 26.3 (26.0); OvL 29.1 (29.0). Female (n = 11): BdL 28.1 – 32.7; FL 2.0 – 2.3; TegL 48.3 – 53.1; FlegL 6.7 – 7.1; HlegL 25.7 – 27.1; OvL 26.1 – 28.4. Males (n = 7): BdL 29.8 – 33.0; FL 1.6 – 1.9; PdL 7.4 – 7.7; TegL 36.8 – 43.7; FlegL 5.9 – 6.4; HlegL 21.3 – 22.8.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo [new record], Mato Grosso [new record], Minas Gerais [new record], Piaui [new record], and Rio de Janeiro [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. globiceps (Karny, 1907) and N. longifossor (Bruner, 1915). However, N. guyvalerioi can be distinguished from N. globiceps by the presence of a space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons (Figs. 8 C, L, 9 C) and lateral lobe humeral sinus weakly V-shaped (Figs. 8 C, L, 9 C) (space absent between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons and lateral lobe humeral sinus deeply concave in N. globiceps) and from N. longifossor by the humeral sinus somewhat V-shaped (Fig. 8 C, L, 9 C) (weakly concave in N. longifossor). Based on the male holotype of N. precarius syn. nov. and the female holotype N. matogrossensis syn. nov. is herein considered conspecific to N. guyvalerioi. The female holotype of N. matogrossensis syn. nov. shares with the female holotype of N. guyvalerioi: the size of fastigium of vertex base width and fastigium of vertex length (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E); fastigium of frons little projected, rounded (Figs. 8 E, N, 9 E); pronotum lateral lobe slightly longer than wide (Figs. 8 C, L, 9 C); wings with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 8 B, K, 9 B); and subgenital plate posterior margin weakly concave with a pair of small triangular projections (Figs. 8 O, 9 F). Coloration is the only characteristic that varies between female holotypes studied, but it is considered to be variable intraspecifically in Neoconocephalus species. The male holotype of N. precarius syn. nov. also shares the same similarities cited above, except for incomparable terminalia characters. However, additional males collected near the type locality of N. guyvalerioi are identical in terminalia characters to the holotype of N. precarius syn. nov.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFFF851BDEBCFF08FF661463.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus guyvalerioi: female holotype “ Ilheus, Bahia; cepec ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus matogrossensis syn. nov.: female holotype “ Barra do Tapirapé; MT — Brasil; 2 – 16. I. 1966; Malkin leg ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus precarius syn. nov.: male holotype “ 105; Januaria (M. G); 26 / 1 / 1970) ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: Three females “ Brasil, BA, Camacan, BA 662, Prox. ao Rio Panelão; 05. IV. 2023; Antunes, A. F. & Guimarães, D. L. P. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1402, DZRJ ORT 1405 and DZRJ ORT 1407]. One female “ Brasil, BA, Una, ReBio Una, Alojamento Maruím; 3. V. 2023; Antunes, A. F. & Guimarães, D. L. P. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1386]. One female “ Brasil, PI, Guaribas, PARNA Serra das confusões, torre de rádio; 09 ° 18 ’ 19,3 ” S 43 ° 55 ’ 28 ” W 667 m; 18. II. 2020 rede de varredura diuna; Alves, A. A. leg ” [DZRJ ORT 1355]. One female “ Brasil, RJ, Rio de Janeiro; 1 / V / 2007; Manual; Pereira, C. leg ” [DZRJ ORT 0577]. Two females “ CURVELO, MG; Ponto 22; 19 ° 8 ’ 5,36 ” S 44 ° 40 ’ 36,67 ”; 07 – 17. I. 2020; Luiz F. Carmo leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32104, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32106]. One female “ Itapemirim; Brasil; 25. V. 1989; A. L. S. leg. ” [UFES]. One female “ Centro Vitória — ES; Brasil 13 / X / 1985; P. A. Rezende leg. ” [UFES]. One female “ BRASIL, ES, Vitória; UFES Goiabeiras; V. 2018 Manual; Tavares, M. T. leg. ” [UFES]. Males: Two males “ Brasil, BA, Camacan, BA 662, Prox. ao Rio Panelão; 05. IV. 2023; Antunes, A. F. & Guimarães, D. L. P. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1397 and DZRJ ORT 1396]. One male “ Brasil, BA, Una, ReBio Una, Alojamento Maruím; 4. V. 2023; Antunes, A. F. & Guimarães, D. L. P. legs ” [DZRJ ORT 1392]. One male “ CURVELO, MG; Ponto 22; 19 ° 8 ’ 5,36 ” S 44 ° 40 ’ 36,67 ”; 07 – 17. I. 2020; Luiz F. Carmo leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32105]. One male “ Vitoria, ES; Brasil; 07 / IX / 1986; R. R. Gusman leg. ” [UFES]. One male “ Brasil, ES, Vitória, Santo Antônio; 21, agosto, 2002; Silva, A. S. leg. ” [UFES]. One male “ BR, ES, Cariacica, Res. Biol. Duas Bocas; 08. II. 2003; MT Tavares & eq leg. ” [UFES].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Piracicaba and Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head conical in frontal view (Figs. 10 E, N, 11 E, N, 12 E, L, 13 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular, two and half times longer than scapus length, base two times wider than scapus width (Figs. 10 E, N, 11 E, N, 12 E, L, 13 E); and lateral lobe of pronotum anterior margin slightly longer than wide, with anterior margin followed by a smooth curvature with lower margin straight (Figs. 10 C, L, 11 C, L, 12 C, J, 13 C).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Conical in frontal view (Figs. 10 E, N, 11 E, N, 12 E, L, 13 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, two times longer than scapus length, base two and half times wider than scapus width, tooth not projected at basal portion of fastigium; (Figs. 10 C, D, E, L, M, N, 11 C, D, E, L, M, N, 12 C, D, E, J, K, L, 13 C, D, E); fastigium of frons projected, rounded (Figs. 10 E, N, 11 E, N, 12 E, L, 13 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin convex (Figs. 10 D, M, 11 D, M, 12 D, K, 13 D); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight, followed by a smooth curvature with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus concave (Figs. 10 C, L, 11 C, L, 12 C, J, 13 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 10 B, K, 11 B, K, 12 B, I, 13 B). Legs: Foreleg femur with a small ventral spine, genicular lobe triangular, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one small and partially open, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg femur with four ventral spines, genicular lobe with inner side with rounded apex and outer side with acute apex, tibia with seven pairs of ventral spines; hindleg femur ventrally with 11 inner spines and eight outer spines, genicular lobe with apex weakly prominent, tibia dorsally with 20 inner spines and 21 outer spines, ventrally with approximately eight pairs of ventral spines. Color: Syntypes brown, additional type specimens (holotype of N. ferreirai, holotype of N. lavrensis, holotype of N. paravicinus, holotype of N. riparius, and paratype of N. xiphophorus) dark brown to light green and additional specimens light green; red tinge on mandibles, black on ventral surface of femur, sometimes black spots on tegmen. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct slightly elevated transverse regions, anterior one long and posterior one small and oval (Figs. 10 F, 11 F, O). Cercus: Dorsal lobe with spine measuring at least more than half the length, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 10 G, H, 11 G, H, P, Q). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin weakly concave with pair of triangular projections (Figs. 10 O, 12 F, M, 13 F). Ovipositor: Approaching tegmen apex or slightly extending beyond tegmen apex (Figs. 10 K, 12 B, I, 13 B). Measurements: Male syntype: BdL 32.1 (26.0); FL 1.6 (1.5); PdL 8.2 (8.5); TegL 42.0 (37.5); FlegL 7.1; HlegL 25.1 (23.5). Female syntypes (n = 2): BdL 30.6 – 31.4 (33.0); FL 1.7 – 1.8 (2.0); PdL 8.8 – 9.0 (9.0); TegL 44.3 – 44.7 (50.0); FlegL 6.1 – 6.3; HlegL 24.7 – 26.1 (29.5); OvL 32.6 – 33.1 (32.5). Males (n = 2): BdL 29.9 – 33.7; FL 1.5 – 1.6; PdL 8.1 – 8.5; TegL 40.9 – 46.2; FlegL 7.2 – 7.4; HlegL 23.4 – 26.1. Females (n = 4) BdL 26.9 – 29.1; FL 1.6 – 2.0; PdL 7.0 – 7.6; TegL 37.2 – 43.1; FlegL 6.6 – 6.8; HlegL 21.9 – 25.3; OvL 26.1 – 34.2.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul [new record], Minas Gerais [new record], Pará [new record] and São Paulo states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. longicauda (Karny, 1907) and N. triops (Linnaeus, 1758). However, this species can be distinguished from N. longicauda by the stridulatory area measuring half of tegmen width and with two elevated transverse regions connected (Figs. 10 F, 11 F, O) (stridulatory area measuring almost whole tegmen width and two elevated transverse regions not connected in N. longicauda) and from N. triops by the space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons measuring less than one-fifth of scapus length (Figs. 10 C, L, 11 C, L, 12 C, J, 13 C) and fastigium of vertex basal tooth not prominent (Figs. 10 C, L, 11 C, L, 12 C, J, 13 C) (space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons larger than one third of scapus length and fastigium of vertex basal tooth projected in N. triops). Six male and six female syntypes of N. incertus are mentioned in the original description (Piza Jr. 1958), of those only five males and four females were found in the collection and studied. All specimens are very similar and herein considered conspecific, thus we found no need to formally designate a lectotype. Furthermore, male holotypes of N. ferreirai syn. nov. and N. lavrensis syn. nov., and the female holotypes of N. paravicinus syn. nov., N. riparius syn. nov., and female paratype of N. xiphophorus syn. nov. are herein considered conspecific to N. incertus. All type specimens share similar fastigium of vertex base width, similar fastigium of vertex length, fastigium of frons projected and rounded (Figs. 10 E, N, 11 E, N, 12 E, L, 13 E), pronotum lateral lobe slightly longer than wide (Figs. 10 C, L, 11 C, L, 12 C, J, 13 C); and the male specimens, tegmen stridulatory area with two distinct slightly elevated transverse regions, anterior one long and posterior one small and oval (Fig. 10 F, 11 F, O). Female type specimens of N. paravicinus syn. nov., N. riparius syn. nov., and N. xiphophorus syn. nov. have differences in body color, as well as, in the presence and position of black spots on the tegmen and extension of the ovipositor (Fig. 10 K, 12 B, I, 13 B), however these characteristics also vary among N. incertus syntypes. In addition to intraspecific variations, the condition in which such females were collected can also influence the size of the abdomen, which may be related to reproductive conditions, amount of food ingested, presence of parasites and mostly, specimen preservation may have led to a reduction of the size of the abdomen. The morphological study of N. xiphophorus syn. nov. was based on the female paratype, because the female holotype was not found in MELQ. However, based on the photographs of the female holotype available at OSF database (Cigliano et al. 2023), it was possible to compare both type specimens and consider them conspecific.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE1851DDEBCF8C9FC48127B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus incertus: five male and three female syntypes “ Pirac; 2 / 51 ” [MELQ]. Female syntype “ Campinas ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus ferreirai syn. nov.: male holotype “ Campo Grande M. G (sic!) num quartel ” “ Hamilton Ferreira leg. 1969 ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus lavrensis syn. nov.: male holotype, “ Lavras — M. G.; Brasil; Penido ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus paravicinus syn. nov.: female holotype “ Lavras ” “ 27 ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus riparius syn. nov.: female holotype “ Jacaré — Rio Trombetas — PA; 20 a 22. IX. 965; Exp. DZ. MG. leg ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus xiphophorus syn. nov.: female paratype “ Amilton Ferreira leg; Rio Claro ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: One female “ BRASIL, PA, Belterra, Fazenda Treviso; 3 ° 8 ’ 56.7 ” S / 54 ° 50 ’ 25,2 ” W; 01 – 11. XII. 2018; Souza-Dias, Monné equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32463].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	description	(Figs. 14, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Serra do Navio, Amapá, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust body, being the largest neotropical species (Fig. 14 A, B); head conical in frontal view (Fig. 14 E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, three and half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width (Fig. 14 E); lateral lobe of pronotum as long as wide (Fig. 14 C); and wing apex rounded (Fig. 14 A, B).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Conical in frontal view (Fig. 14 E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, three and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth weakly projected at basal portion of fastigium (Fig. 14 C, D, E); fastigium of frons little projected, rounded (Fig. 14 E). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin almost convex (Figs. 14 A, D); lateral lobe as long as wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight, followed by a smooth curve with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus concave (Figs. 14 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal region slightly larger than apical region (Figs. 14 B). Legs: Foreleg femur with two ventral spines, genicular lobe triangular and little developed, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one circular and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one with a small open slit, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg femur with four ventral spines, genicular lobe triangular with inner side with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; hindleg femur with three spines, tibia dorsally with 20 inner spines and 22 outer spines, ventrally with seven pairs of spines. Color: Type specimen mostly brownish yellow, some parts of tegmen green; black on ventral surface of tarsi and ventral margin of the fastigium of vertex. Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin concave with two triangular projections (Figs. 14 F). Ovipositor: extending beyond tegmen apex (Figs. 14 B). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 34.4 (36.0); FL 3.6 (3.5); PdL 7.7 (8.0); TegL 58.4 (48.0); FlegL 8.1; HlegL 26.4 (25.0); OvL 39.1 (37.0). Females (n = 2): BdL 33.1 – 34.7; FL 3.3 – 3.5; PdL 7.4 – 8.0; TegL 55.4 – 57.3; FlegL 7.9 – 8.1; HlegL 26.0 – 27.4; OvL 37.8 – 40.2.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Amapá and Pará [new record] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N. colorificus (Walker, 1869), N. nigromaculatus (Redtenbacher, 1891), and N. truncatirostris (Redtenbacher, 1891). However, N. karollenkoi can be distinguished from N. colorificus by fastigium of vertex thicker and straight (Fig. 14 C, D, E) (thinner and slightly curved apex in N. colorificus) and from N. truncatirostris and N. nigromaculatus by tooth at fastigium base weakly projected (Fig. 14 C) (developed and downcurved in N. truncatirostris and N. nigromaculatus).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE7851CDEBCFEF1FA081073.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus karollenkoi: Female holotype “ Serra do Navio; Territ. do Amapá; Brasil; X. 1957; K. Lenko leg. ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: Two females “ BRASIL, PA, Belterra, Fazenda Treviso; 3 ° 8 ’ 56.7 ” S / 54 ° 50 ’ 25,2 ” W; 01 – 11. XII. 2018; Souza-Dias, Monné equipe legs. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32464, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32465].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	description	(Figs. 15, 16, 17)	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, São Paulo, Brazil.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head conical (Figs. 15 E, N, 16 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, slightly longer than scapus length, base three and half times wider than scapus width (Figs. 15 E, N, 16 E); lateral lobe of the pronotum longer than wider (Figs. 15 C, L, 16 C).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Conical in frontal view (Figs. 15 E, N, 16 E); fastigium of vertex semicircular in frontal view, slightly longer than scapus length, base three and a half times wider than scapus width, tooth weakly projected at basal portion of fastigium (Figs. 15 C, D, E, L, M, N, 16 C, D, E); fastigium of frons rounded (Figs. 15 E, N, 16 E, N). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin convex (Figs. 15 D, M, 16 D); lateral lobe longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight, followed by a curve with lower margin almost straight, margin of humeral sinus rounded, invagination of humeral sinus deeply concave (Figs. 15 C, L, 16 C). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Figs. 15 B, K, 16 B). Legs: Foreleg genicular lobe triangular, tympanum with two distinct regions: proximal one with a pair of open longitudinal slits and apical one with a small closed slit, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg genicular lobe triangular, tibia with seven pairs of ventral spines; hindleg femur ventrally with two inner spines and eight outer spines, tibia dorsally with 27 inner spines and 22 outer spines, tibia ventrally with 11 pairs of spines. Color: Type specimens, additional type (holotype of N. spitzi) and additional material mostly dark brown or brown; pronotum with light and dark longitudinal stripes; sometimes tegmen with black spots. Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area well marked and long (Figs. 15 F, 16 F). Cercus: dorsal lobe with measuring half than length of lobe, ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe (Figs. 15 G, H, 16 G, H). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin in an open V-shaped with two triangular projections (Figs. 15 O). Ovipositor: Almost reaching the tegmen apex (Figs. 15 K). Measurements: Female holotype: BdL 25.2 (25.0); FL 1.2; PdL 5.9 (6.0); TegL 36.6 (37.0); FlegL 5.1; HlegL 18.7 (19.0); OvL 21.2 (20.0). Female (n = 7): BdL 23.9 – 26.0; FL 1.2 – 1.4; PdL 5.4 – 5.9; TegL 36.1 – 38.7; FlegL 5.0 – 5.4; HlegL 16.7 – 18.5; OvL 20.7 – 22.3. Male (n = 5): BdL 21.9 – 24.9; FL 1.2 – 1.3; PdL 6.0 – 6.2; TegL 33.5 – 35.8; FlegL 5.2 – 5.7; HlegL 17.9 – 19.0.	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Bahia [new record], Espírito Santo [new record], Minas Gerais [new record], Paraná [new record] and São Paulo states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar to N. parvus (Redtenbacher, 1891) and N. vicinus (Karny, 1907). However, N. vittatus can be distinguished from N. parvus by the space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons measuring less than one third of scapus length (Fig. 15 C, L, 16 C) (longer than one third of scapus length in N. parvus) and from N. vicinus by the pronotum lateral lobe with an evident curve between anterior and lower margin (Fig. 15 C, L, 16 C) (lateral lobe anterior margin without separation from the lower margin in N. vicinus). The male holotype of N. spitzi syn. nov. is herein considered conspecific to N. vittatus. The specimens have a very evident characteristic in comparison to other Neoconocephalus species, which is the strongly truncated apex of the fastigium of the vertex, in dorsal view (Fig. 15 D, M, 16 D). In addition, other characteristics reinforce the proposed synonymy, such as fastigium of frons rounded (Fig. 15 E, N, 16 E), pronotum lateral lobe longer than wide (Fig. 15 C, N, 16 C), and tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide (Fig. 15 B, K, 16 B). The coloration is not used as characteristic to support the synonymy in Neoconocephalus species, but N. vittatus and N. spitzi syn. nov. have a unique pattern of coloration, with paired bright longitudinal stripes with contrastingly dark inner borders overhead and thorax (Fig. 15 C, D, L, M, 16 C, D).	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
595287BCFFE68512DEBCFCC4FE08148C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neoconocephalus vittatus: female holotype “ Santa Rita do Passa Quatro; Amilton Ferreira leg.; xii- 1969 ” [MELQ]. Neoconocephalus spitzi syn. nov.: male holotype “ Campos do Jordão — S. P.; 7 - XII- 1926; Spitz, col. ” [MELQ]. Additional material. Females: One female “ Brasil, MG, Morro do Pilar, PN Serra do Cipó, Córrego Água Escura; Malaise 1239 m; 18 – 21 / XI / 2018; 19 ° 16 ’ 03 ” S 43 ° 30 ’ 57 ” W; Alves, A. A. & Santos, A. P. M. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 1322]. Two females “ BRASIL, Paraná, Palmas (área de retirada de Pinus taeda); 26 ° 33 ’ 26 ” S 51 ° 32 ’ 32 ” W; 24. I. 2013; A. C. Pereira leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32111, MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32112]. One female “ Brasil: ES, Vila Velha, área urbana; 09. VI. 1997 _ Manual; Oliveira, Vanessa leg. ” [UFES]. One female “ Vila Velha, ES; Brasil; 16 / VI / 1985; M. M. Maia leg. ” [UFES]. One female “ Brasil. ES. Vila Velha; Garanhuns; 26 VI 1997; Alvarenga, R. M. leg. ” [UFES]. One female “ Brasil, ES, Vitória; 10. VIII. 2002; Prado, E. M. leg. ” [UFES]. Males: Two males “ Brasil, MG, Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó; 4. III. 2013; Light; Santos et al. leg ” [DZRJ ORT 0618 and DZRJ ORT 620]. One male “ Brasil, BA, Palmeiras, Pousada Villa Bella; 09 / V / 2021; Manual; Alves, A. A. leg. ” [DZRJ ORT 1255]. One male “ BRASIL, Paraná, Palmas (área de retirada de Pinus taeda); 26 ° 33 ’ 26 ” S 51 ° 32 ’ 32 ” W; 24. I. 2013; A. C. Pereira leg. ” [MNRJ-ENT 6 - 32113].	en	Antunes, André Fonseca, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Takiya, Daniela Maeda (2025): Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species. Zootaxa 5584 (3): 363-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.4
