taxonID	type	description	language	source
537887ABFFD0FFA7FDD6FE77FE04FA4F.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 3	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFD0FFA7FDD6FE77FE04FA4F.taxon	description	Taxonomic description Vines slender to woody, shrubs, or trees; monoecious; tendrils absent or present (in most species), entire, without adhesive disks; stipules minute, most often deciduous; glands 2, at or near the apex or on the abaxial surface at the leaf – petiole junction; leaves simple, entire, ocelli absent; main rib 1; inflorescences 1 - flowered, 2 - flowered, or racemose; bracts 3, minute, most often deciduous; hypanthium cylindrical, cylindrical-campanulate, funnelform, or campanulate; flowers whitish, yellowish-orange, pink, or orange to reddish-orange, corona of the same color; sepals 5; petals 5; corona with (1) 2 – many series of filaments; operculum erect or flexed, tubular or not, papillate or not, fimbriate, lacerate, laciniate, flabellate; nectariferous disk absent; limen absent; trochlea present or absent, stamens 5; styles 3, stigmas 3; fruit a berry (Fig. 2). Pollen description Pollen grains medium or large; isopolar; subprolate, oblate-spheroidal, or prolate-spheroidal; polar area small or large; amb subcircular, circular, or subtriangular; 6 - colporate; colpi short or long, narrow or wide; endoapertures 3, lalongate, one for each pair of colpi; pontopercula 3; mesocolpia 3; sexine diversely ornamented, intectate (granulate-baculate-spinulose), partially tectate, muri around apertures in higher or lower amounts; sexine duplicolumellate, with lumina lacking; pila and bacula present and very conspicuous or pila densely distributed and conspicuous and bacula sparsely distributed, or semitectate (muri continuous or discontinuous, simplicolumellate or duplicolumellate; lumina large (11.3 – 24.5 µm) or small (1.2 – 8.6 µm); bacula and / or pila present or absent). Sexine thicker than nexine, total exine 1.9 – 7.6 µm (Fig. 3).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFD0FFABFE09FA6FFD10FD5D.taxon	description	Fig. 4 A – F	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFD0FFABFE09FA6FFD10FD5D.taxon	description	Taxonomic description Vines slender to woody; monoecious; tendrils branched (2 – 4), adhesive disks present or absent; stipules minute (0.2 – 3 × 0.1 – 1 mm), sometimes deciduous; glands 0 – 2 – 4 – 6, at the petiole apex at the leaf-petiole junction; leaves simple, entire; main rib 1; ocelli absent; inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, ending or not in a tendril, bracts 2 – 3, usually minute (0.5 – 2 × <0.1 mm), long in P. tryphostemmatoides (8 – 12 mm) and P. arbelaezii L. Uribe (5 – 13 mm), in which it can be wide (<5 mm), bracteoles present or absent; hypanthium shortly campanulate to campanulate; flowers greenish, yellowish-green, with corona banded white and yellow or yellow-orange, apex white; sepals 5; petals 5; corona with 1 – 3 series of filaments; operculum plicate, smooth, or laciniate, erect, membranaceous; nectariferous disk present (not described for P. nebulosae J. Restrepo & Ocampo); limen cupuliform to anneliform, membranaceous; trochlea present or absent in most species, stamens 5; styles 3, stigmas 3; fruit a berry. Pollen description Pollen grains medium or large; isopolar; oblate, subprolate, or prolate-spheroidal; polar area very small; amb subcircular or subtriangular; 6 - syncolporate or 6 - colporate, colpi long and wide; endoapertures 3, lalongate, one for each pair of colpi, or endoapertures 6, circular, one for each colpus; pontopercula 3 and mesocolpia 3 or pontopercula 3 and pseudopercula 3; sexine semitectate (muri continuous, simplicolumellate, lumina small (0.5 – 2.3 µm); bacula absent). Sexine as thick as or less thick than nexine, total exine 2.1 – 3.0 µm (Fig. 4 A – F).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDCFFABFE32FD7FFB79F986.taxon	description	Figs 5 – 6	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDCFFABFE32FD7FFB79F986.taxon	description	Taxonomic description Vines slender to woody; monoecious; tendrils missing or present (in most species), entire, adhesive disks present or absent; stipules minute (0.1 – 4 × 0.1 – 2 mm); glands 2 – 4 – 6, at the base of the lamina, below the lamina, near the base or middle of the petiole, or distributed in pairs near the petiole; leaves single, entire, or 5 – 9 - composite; ocelli absent; main rib 1; inflorescences 1 - flowered, 2 - flowered, or racemose; bracts 3, very narrow (up to 2 mm), generally short (up to 5 (7) mm) but longer in P. contracta Vitta (up to 20 mm), bracteoles present; hypanthium shortly campanulate, campanulate to infundibuliform; flowers whitish, white-green, yellow, with corona whitish to yellowish, reddish, lilac, and orange; sepals 5; petals 5; corona with 2 – 5 series of filaments; operculum plicate or not, apex laciniate, fimbriate; nectariferous disk present or absent; limen tubular, cupuliform, membranaceous; trochlea present or absent, stamens 5; styles 3 – 4, stigmas 3 – 4; fruit a berry (Fig. 5). Pollen description Pollen grains medium or large; isopolar; subprolate, oblate-spheroidal, or prolate-spheroidal; polar area small; amb subcircular or subtriangular; 6 - colporate; colpi long and narrow; endoapertures 3, lalongate, one for each pair of colpi or endoapertures 6, circular, one for each colpus; pontopercula 3, mesocolpia 3; sexine semitectate (muri continuous or discontinuous, simplicolumellate; lumina small (1.0 – 10.4 µm); bacula present). Sexine as thick as or thicker than nexine, total exine 2.4 – 5.6 µm (Fig. 6).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDCFFACFDA2F929FD37FD14.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 9 (287 spp.) Taxonomic description Vines slender to woody; monoecious; tendrils entire, adhesive disks absent; stipules minute to foliaceous in most species; glands (0) 2 – many, distributed across the petiole; leaves simple, entire to lobed in most species; ocelli absent; main ribs 3; inflorescences 1 - flowered (in most species), 2 - flowered, racemose, or cymose; bracts 3, minute to well-developed in most species, bracteoles absent; hypanthium campanulate, cylindrical, cylindrical-campanulate, funnelform, or patelliform; flowers whitish, purple, violet, pink, red, or their combination, with corona presenting these colors and colored bands; sepals 5; petals 5; corona with 1 – 20 series of filaments; operculum present, curved or erect, filamentous at the apex; nectariferous disk present, rarely inconspicuous or absent; limen absent, annular, membranaceous, or cupuliform; trochlea absent in most species, stamens 5; styles 3, stigmas 3; fruit a berry (Figs 7 – 8). Pollen description Pollen grains medium, large, or very large; isopolar or non-polar; when isopolar, oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, suboblate, or prolate; polar area small or large; amb circular; 6 - colpate, 5 -, 6 -, 7 -, 8 -, 9 -, 10 -, 12 -, and / or 14 - syncolpate, colpi long and narrow or wide; endoaperture absent; pseudopercula 3, 5 – 10, 12, 14, pontopercula 0 or 3; sexine semitectate (muri continuous, simplicolumellate, or duplicolumellate; lumina large (11.1 – 16.1 µm) or small (4.4 – 10.6 µm); bacula numerous). Sexine thicker or less thick than nexine, total exine 6.0 – 16.2 µm (Fig. 9).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDBFFACFDDAFD45FD38F9C9.taxon	description	Figs 10 – 11	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDBFFACFDDAFD45FD38F9C9.taxon	description	Taxonomic description Vines slender; monoecious; tendrils present, entire, adhesive disks absent; stipules minute; glands 2, present or absent on the petiole; leaves simple, entire, or 2 – 3 - lobed in most species; ocelli present or absent; main ribs 3; inflorescences 1 - flowered, 2 - flowered, or cymose; bracts 3, minute, bracteoles absent; hypanthium flat; flowers yellow-green to white or reddish, corona with red or purplish bands; sepals 5; petals 0 or 5; corona with 1 or 2 series of filaments; operculum plicate; nectariferous disk present or absent; limen annular, lobulate, recurved, or cuculiform; trochlea absent, stamens 5; styles 3, stigmas 3; fruit a berry or a fleshy capsule (Fig. 10). Pollen description Pollen grains medium to large; isopolar; subprolate, oblate-spheroidal, prolate, or prolate-spheroidal; polar area very small or small; amb circular; 6 - colporate, 12 - colporate, or 12 - colpate; colpi long and narrow or wide; endoapertures 0, 6, or 12, lolongate (in most species), lalongate or circular; opercula 0, 3, 6, or 12, pseudopercula 0, 3, or 6, pontopercula 0 or 3, and / or mesocolpia 3 or 6; sexine semitectate (muri continuous, simplicolumellate; lumina small (0.7 – 8.7 µm); bacula present or absent). Sexine thicker than nexine, total exine 1.0 – 5.6 µm (Fig. 11).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDBFFB5FE35F9E0FEF9FEB8.taxon	description	Fig. 4 G – O	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
537887ABFFDBFFB5FE35F9E0FEF9FEB8.taxon	description	Taxonomic description Vines slender to woody; dioecious plants, with differences in the size of the gynoecium and / or androecium and / or in the number of parts of the gynoecium and presence / absence of nectariferous disk between plants of different sex; tendrils entire, adhesive disks absent; stipules minute (0.25 – 3 × 0.25 – 1 mm); glands 0 – 2 (– 4) on the lower half or third of the petiole; leaves simple, entire; ocelli present; main rib 1; inflorescences with (1) 2 – 4 (5) axes, 2 – 6 (8 – 16) - flowered (rarely 1 - flowered); bracts 2, small (1 – 2 (4) × 0.25 – 1 mm), bracteoles absent; hypanthium flat; flowers whitish to whitish-greenish, with corona whitish to yellow or whitish-greenish; sepals (3) 4 or (4) 5, petals (3) 4 or (4) 5; corona with 2 series of filaments; operculum absent or present, when present, erect, membranaceous, apex fimbriate; nectariferous disk present, absent only in male flowers of P. tetrandra; limen present or absent; trochlea absent, stamens 4 or variable number, (3) 4 – 5 or 6 – 8, between species; styles 2 – 7, stigmas 2 – 7, variable within and between species; fruit a berry. Pollen description Pollen grains medium or large; isopolar; subprolate; polar area very small; amb subcircular; 6 - colporate; colpi long to very long and wide; endoapertures 3, lalongate, one for each pair of colpi; pontopercula 3, mesocolpia 3; sexine semitectate (muri continuous, simplicolumellate, or duplicolumellate; lumina small (4.2 – 8.0 µm); bacula present). Sexine as thick as or thicker than nexine, total exine 2.1 – 4.2 µm (Fig. 4 G – O).	en	Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira, Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania (2025): Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics. European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 239-264, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2829/12905
