identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
535D8873FFE4FFCA21145885DE39FB24.text	535D8873FFE4FFCA21145885DE39FB24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devade Simon 1885	<div><p>Genus  Devade Simon, 1885 (带ḍ属)</p><p>Diotima Simon, 1880: 55; type  D. hirsutissima Simon, 1880 .</p><p>Devade Simon, 1885: 323; replacement name for  Diotima, preoccupied.</p><p>Pseudauximus Denis, 1955: 452; type  P. libanicus Denis, 1955 . Generic name preoccupied, syn. of  Devade according to Lehtinen (1967: 228).</p><p>Strinatinella Denis, 1957: 448; type  S. spinosa Denis, 1957, considered a junior synonym of  Devade by Lehtinen (1967: 228).</p><p>Momius Andreeva &amp; Tyshchenko, 1969: 380; type  M. hispidus Andreeva &amp; Tyshchenko, 1969 =  Devade (Marusik 1989: 49) .</p><p>Type species</p><p>Diotima hirsutissima Simon, 1880 (considered a junior synonym of  Amaurobius indistinctus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872).</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>Molecular analysis reveals that  Saltonia Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1942 is the sister taxon to  Devade, and together they form a clade that is sister to another group containing  Argyroneta Latreille, 1804 (Crews et al. 2020; Gorneau et al. 2023).  Devade is most similar to the Palearctic monotypic water spider genus  Argyroneta (Zhang &amp; Wang 2017: fig. 7) in having a laminar retrolateral tibial apophysis, lacking distinct copulatory ducts, and having small, spherical spermathecae, but it differs by the distinct fold at the base of the cymbium in dorsal view (vs absent in  Argyroneta), two large processes on the posterior arm of the conductor (vs only one), presence of a septum (vs absent), fertilization ducts originating from the posterior part of the spermathecae (vs prolateral), smaller size of less than 6 mm (vs&gt; 8 mm), tracheal spiracle near spinnerets (vs near epigastral fold) and cribellum and calamistrum present (vs absent in  Argyroneta).</p><p>Devade is also similar to the Nearctic monotypic genus  Saltonia Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1942 (Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1942: 24, pl. 2 Figs 24–25; Crews et al. 2020: 914, fig. 22a–l) in having a similar habitus, morphology of the male palp, and saline habitat, but it differs in the cymbial basidorsal fold fingernail edge-shaped present dorsally (vs curved, present retrolatrally at the base of cymbium in  Saltonia) and epigyne with distinct epigynal septum (vs indistinct in  Saltonia).</p><p>Description</p><p>Small size (3–6 mm). Carapace yellowish brown to brown. Eight eyes. Fovea longitudinal. Cervical groove indistinct, radial furrows distinct. Chelicerae, yellow-brown. Labium and endites yellow-brown, longer than wide. Sternum yellow-brown and scutellate. Chelicerae with 2–3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Legs yellow-brown. Leg formula: 4123. Calamistrum absent in male and weak in female (Fig. 1C–D). Abdomen oval, dorsum yellow-brown to dark brown, with a few light chevrons dorsally. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, with small and undivided cribellum (Fig. 1A–B).</p><p>Male palp (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E, 4A–C, 5C–E, 6A–C, 7C–E, 8A–C, 9C–E, 10C–E). Tibia as long as cymbium or shorter. Retrolateral tibial apophysis laminar and directed ventrally. Cymbium longer than wide, narrow towards tip, with basidorsal fold (BF). Posterior arm of conductor with 2 large processes: mesal process narrow and hook-like, with pointed end; retrolateral process wide and laminar. Embolus originating at about 11:30–12 o’clock position; distal part of embolus resting in long groove of conductor.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 2D–E, 3F–G, 4D–E, 5F–G, 6D–E, 7F–G, 8D–E, 9F–G, 10F–G). Septum longer than wide, located in a fovea ( D. longa and  D. pulla) or reaching epigastral fold ( D. mongolica and  D. qiemuensis). Copulatory openings slit-like. Copulatory ducts extremely short, located on the ventral or retrolateral side of spermathecae. Spermathecae spherical, ½ times as long as septum. Fertilization ducts hook-like.</p><p>Composition</p><p>Devade dubia Caporiacco, 1934 (♀, from Karakoram), most likely misplaced (Lehtinen 1967),  D. indistincta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (♂ ♀, Mediterranean),  D. kazakhstanica Esyunin &amp; Efimik, 2000 (♀, Kazakhstan),  D. lehtineni Esyunin &amp; Efimik, 2000 (♀, Kazakhstan),  D. libanica (Denis, 1955) (♀, Lebanon, may be a synonym of  D. indistincta),  D. longa sp. nov. (♂ ♀, China),  D. miranda Ponomarev, 2007 (♂, Kazakhstan, may be a junior synonym of species known only from females),  D. mongolica Esyunin &amp; Marusik, 2001 (♂ ♀, China and Mongolia),  D. naderii Zamani &amp; Marusik, 2017 (♂, Iran),  D. pulla sp. nov. (♂ ♀, China),  D. pusilla Simon, 1911 (♂, Algeria),  D. qiemuensis (Hu &amp; Wu, 1989) stat. rev. (♂ ♀, China) and  D. tenella (Tyshchenko, 1965) (♂ ♀, from Cyprus, Ukraine to West China, Iran, most references based on misidentifications).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>From the West Mediterranean to Eastern Transbaikalia and eastern Inner Mongolia (China), south to Algeria, Egypt, northern Pakistan, and ca 37° N in China, southern France, Serbia, South Urals (ca 52° N) and Tuva (ca 51° N) (Esyunin &amp; Marusik 2001; WSC 2025).</p><p>Comments</p><p>West Mediterranean species have never been redescribed, and  Strinatinella spinosa Denis, 1957 and  D. hirsutissima, considered a junior synonyms of  Devade indistincta, may represent valid species.</p><p>Key to the species of  Devade Simon, 1885 from China</p><p>1. Male .................................................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>– Female ............................................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Palpal tibia as long as cymbium ..............................................................................  D. longa sp. nov.</p><p>– Palpal tibia shorter than cymbium .................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Palpal tibia shorter than half the length of cymbium ..........  D. mongolica Esyunin &amp; Marusik, 2001</p><p>– Palpal tibia longer than half the length of cymbium ......................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Posterior arm of mesal process of conductor wide and strong .................................  D. pulla sp. nov.</p><p>– Posterior arm of mesal process of conductor narrow and thin ........................................................... ..........................................................................................  D. qiemuensis (Hu &amp; Wu, 1989) stat. rev.</p><p>5. Length of the epigynal septum 2 times the width ............................................................................. 6</p><p>– Length of epigynal septum 3 times the width ................................................................................... 7</p><p>6. Copulatory openings separated by 3 times the spermathecae diameter ...................  D. longa sp. nov.</p><p>– Copulatory openings separated by 4 times the spermathecae diameter ....................  D. pulla sp. nov.</p><p>7. Posterior end of septum semi-circular ...............................  D. mongolica Esyunin &amp; Marusik, 2001</p><p>– Posterior end of septum truncate .....................................  D. qiemuensis (Hu &amp; Wu, 1989) stat. rev.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/535D8873FFE4FFCA21145885DE39FB24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Lu-Yu;Yang, Yun-Shan;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Wang, Lu-Yu, Yang, Yun-Shan, Marusik, Yuri M., Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2025): Review of the spider genus Devade Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 989: 289-310, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.989.2901, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2901/13141
535D8873FFE1FFC921BE5AC0DAB6FA6E.text	535D8873FFE1FFC921BE5AC0DAB6FA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devade longa Wang & Yang & Marusik & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Devade longa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46EE5301-5716-4F18-AA81-F657959EE8C9</p><p>Figs 2–3, 11</p><p>Chinese name</p><p>长带ḍ</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The new species resembles  D. qiemuensis (Figs 8–10) in having a longer palpal tibia (longer than half of the length of the cymbium), the fingernail edge-shaped basidorsal fold (BF) of the cymbium and similar spermathecae, but it differs by having the tibia as long as the cymbium (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E) (vs shorter, Figs 8A–C, 9C–E, 10C–E), the anterior side of the mesal process of the conductor posterior arm with a notch (Figs 2B, 3D) (vs lacking, Figs 8B, 9D, 10D), and the short septum, ca 2 times as long as wide (Figs 2D, 3F) (vs 3 times as long as wide Figs 8D, 9F, 10F).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective ‘ longus ’, meaning ‘long’, and refers to the longer tibia of the male palp.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype CHINA • ♂; Xinjiang, Bole City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.64389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.961113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.64389/lat 44.961113)">Aibi Lake</a>; 44°57′40″ N, 82°38′38″ E; elev. 257 m; 12 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-T-DI-20-01.</p><p>Paratypes (5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀) CHINA • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; SWUC-T-DI-20-02 to SWUC-T-DI-20-13 •   1 ♂; Xinjiang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.600555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.1925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.600555/lat 45.1925)">Alashankou</a>; 45°11′33″ N, 82°36′02″ E; elev. 328 m; 12 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-T-DI-20-14  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype SWUC-T-DI-20-01, Fig. 3A)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.21. Carapace 2.34 long, 1.88 wide; abdomen 2.80 long, 1.54 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.11, PLE, 0.11; AME–AME 0.06, AME– ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.33 long, anterior width 0.27, posterior width 0.33. Clypeus height 0.15.</p><p>CARAPACE. Brown, cephalic part darker than thoracic; pattern weakly developed, with dark margins and dark radial stripes.</p><p>CHELICERAE. With 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 7.46 (2.00, 2.65, 1.73, 1.08); II = 7.25 (1.92, 2.47, 1.74, 1.12); III = 7.08 (1.92, 2.47, 1.74, 1.12); IV = 8.95 (2.30, 2.90, 2.45, 1.30).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Light brown with ca 8–9 dark transverse chevrons.</p><p>PALP (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E). Tibia long, almost as long as cymbium. Retrolateral tibial apophysis laminar and directed ventrally. Basidorsal fold (BF), fingernail edge-shaped in dorsal view. Posterior arm of conductor with 2 large processes: mesal process narrow and hook-like, with pointed tip; retrolateral process wide and laminar. Embolus originating at about 11:30 o’clock position, distal part hidden by conductor.</p><p>Female (paratype SWUC-T-DI-20-02, Fig. 3B)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.04. Carapace 2.39 long, 1.80 wide; abdomen 3.50 long, 2.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE, 0.12; AME–AME 0.07, AME– ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.06. MOA 0.33 long, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.35. Clypeus height 0.13.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 7.27 (2.11, 2.46, 1.61, 1.09); II = 6.81 (1.98, 2.25, 1.56, 1.02); III = 6.39 (1.66, 2.01, 1.74, 0.98); IV = 8.37 (2.23, 2.84, 2.20, 1.10).</p><p>CARAPACE AND ABDOMEN. Same morphological pattern as in male except lighter in color.</p><p>EPIGYNE (Figs 2D, 3F). Epigynal plate 1.7 times as wide as long; fovea as long as wide; septum 2 times as long as wide. Copulatory openings fissured, separated by 3 times width of septum.</p><p>VULVA (Figs 2E, 3G). Copulatory ducts indistinct. Spermathecae globular, separated by almost 2 times their diameters, anterior part with glandular shallow extension. Fertilization ducts hook-like and diverging.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Xinjiang) (Fig. 11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/535D8873FFE1FFC921BE5AC0DAB6FA6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Lu-Yu;Yang, Yun-Shan;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Wang, Lu-Yu, Yang, Yun-Shan, Marusik, Yuri M., Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2025): Review of the spider genus Devade Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 989: 289-310, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.989.2901, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2901/13141
535D8873FFE2FFC421265B99D934FA41.text	535D8873FFE2FFC421265B99D934FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devade mongolica Esyunin & Marusik 2001	<div><p>Devade mongolica Esyunin &amp; Marusik, 2001</p><p>Figs 4–5, 11</p><p>Devade mongolica Esyunin &amp; Marusik, 2001: 129, fig. 1 (♀).</p><p>Chinese name</p><p>=古带ḍ</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The male of this species resembles  D. pusilla (Lehtinen 1967: 450, fig. 284) in having a short palpal tibia, almost half the length of the cymbium, but it differs from the latter by the mesal process of the conductor posterior arm almost directed towards the ventral in retrolateral view (Figs 4B, 5D) (vs towards retrolateral), and the retrolateral process is pointed (Figs 4B–C, 5D–E) (vs rounded). The female of this species is most similar to  D. qiemuensis (Figs 8D–E, 9F–G, 10 F–G) in having a long, narrow septum, almost reaching the epigastral fold, but it differs from the latter by the rounded end of the septum (Figs 4D, 5F) (vs truncate, Figs 8D, 9F, 10F).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA • 13 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀; Xinjiang, Hutubi Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.86472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.20111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.86472/lat 44.20111)">Xidaqiao</a>; 44°12′04″ N, 86°51′53″ E; elev. 526 m; 19 Apr. 2022; Y.S. Yang leg.; SWUC-DIDM-01 to SWUC-DIDM-37  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (SWUC-DIDM-01, Fig. 5A)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.02. Carapace 1.47 long, 1.12 wide; abdomen 1.57 long, 0.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE, 0.09; AME–AME 0.05, AME– ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.02. MOA 0.23 long, anterior width 0.22, posterior width 0.25. Clypeus height 0.05.</p><p>CARAPACE. Light with dark margins and dark radial stripes.</p><p>CHELICERAE. With 2 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 4.67 (1.33, 1.64, 1.02, 0.68); II = 4.46 (1.28, 1.51, 1.00, 0.67); III = 3.71 (1.13, 1.23, 0.91, 0.44); IV = 5.23 (1.47, 1.75, 1.34, 0.67).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Light colored, with transverse bands.</p><p>PALP (Figs 4A–C, 5C–E). Tibia short, almost as long as its distal width, less than half of cymbial length in retrolateral view. Retrolateral tibial apophysis tip directed almost ventrally in dorsal view. Cymbium 2 times as long as wide, tip as long as tibia; cymbial fold indistinct in dorsal view and easily seen in retrolateral view. Bulb about as long as wide; posterior arm of conductor (C) with two large processes: mesal process (MPA) short and hook-like; retrolateral process (RPA) wide and laminar, almost 3 times as long as mesal process. Embolus originating at about 12:00 o’clock position, distal part hidden by conductor.</p><p>Female (SWUC-DIDM-02, Fig. 5B)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.02. Carapace 1.24 long, 0.93 wide; abdomen 1.93 long, 1.45 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE, 0.08; AME–AME 0.05, AME– ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–PLE 0.03. MOA 0.20 long, anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.22. Clypeus height 0.07.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 3.24 (0.99, 1.12, 0.67, 0.46); II = 3.10 (0.94, 1.04, 0.61, 0.51); III = 2.78 (0.80, 0.89, 0.63, 0.46); IV = 3.83 (0.99, 1.30, 1.01, 0.53).</p><p>CARAPACE AND ABDOMEN. Same morphological pattern as in male except lighter in color.</p><p>EPIGYNE (Figs 4D, 5F). Epigynal plate almost 2 times as wide as long, with anterior notch (No). Fovea V-shaped with distinct lateral margins, divided by septum. Septum reaching posterior margin, wider anteriorly.</p><p>VULVA (Figs 4E, 5G). Copulatory ducts extremely short. Spermathecae globular, separated by more than 3.5 times their diameters.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Xinjiang) (Fig. 11), Mongolia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/535D8873FFE2FFC421265B99D934FA41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Lu-Yu;Yang, Yun-Shan;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Wang, Lu-Yu, Yang, Yun-Shan, Marusik, Yuri M., Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2025): Review of the spider genus Devade Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 989: 289-310, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.989.2901, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2901/13141
535D8873FFEFFFC321B25864DAB6F974.text	535D8873FFEFFFC321B25864DAB6F974.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devade pulla Wang & Yang & Marusik & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Devade pulla sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD 372ABA-DB49-41FE-B25B-363F11BA1E7F</p><p>Figs 1, 6–7, 11</p><p>Chinese name</p><p>黑带ḍ</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The new species resembles  D. longa sp. nov. (Figs 2–3) in having a long tibia (longer than half the length of the cymbium), short septum (located in fovea), but differs by having the tibia shorter than the length of the cymbium (vs as long as cymbium), stronger and longer mesal process (as long as retrolateral process) (Figs 6A–C, 7C–E) (vs shorter than the length of the posterior arm, Figs 2A–C, 3C–E), and the copulatory openings located ectally from spermathecae (Figs 6D, 7F) (vs located mesally, Figs 2D, 3F).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective ‘ pullus ’, meaning ‘black’ and refers to the body color of the male.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype CHINA • ♂; Xinjiang, Yuli Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.51083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.107777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.51083/lat 41.107777)">No. 218 Road, Km 772</a>; 41°06′28″ N, 86°30′39″ E; elev. 868 m; 1 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-T-DI-21-01.</p><p>Paratypes (5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀)</p><p>CHINA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; SWUC-T-DI-21-02 •   5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Hutubi Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.95833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.28722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.95833/lat 44.28722)">Liuhao Reservoir</a>; 44°17′14″ N, 86°57′30″ E; elev. 456 m; 21 May 2022; Y.S. Yang leg.; SWUC-T-DI-21-03 to SWUC-T-DI-21-10  .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype SWUC-T-DI-21-01, Fig. 7A)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.28. Carapace 2.03 long, 1.56 wide; abdomen 2.22 long, 1.37 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE, 0.11; AME–AME 0.06, AME– ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.28 long, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.30. Clypeus height 0.11.</p><p>CARAPACE. Dark brown, with darker margins and dark radial stripes.</p><p>CHELICERAE. With 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 6.61 (1.86, 2.26, 1.47, 1.02); II = 6.37 (1.78, 2.12, 1.50, 0.97); III = 5.94 (1.64, 1.73, 1.61, 0.96); IV = 7.80 (2.11, 2.45, 2.16, 1.08).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Uniformly dark gray.</p><p>PALP (Figs 6A–C, 7C–E). Tibia short, about 2 times as long as wide, almost half of cymbium length. Retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) laminar and tip almost pointed ventrally in dorsal view. Cymbium 2 times as long as wide. Basidorsal fold (BF) forms right angle, finger-like in retrolateral view. Posterior arm of conductor with 2 large processes: mesal process (MPA) hook-like, tip slightly twisted; retrolateral process (RPA) wide and laminar, as long as mesal process. Embolus originating at about 11:30 o’clock position, distal part hidden by conductor.</p><p>Female (paratype SWUC-T-DI-21-02, Fig. 7B)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.83. Carapace 2.95 long, 2.28 wide; abdomen 4.97 long, 3.66 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.11, PLE, 0.12; AME–AME 0.07, AME– ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.31 long, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.34. Clypeus height 0.13.</p><p>CARAPACE. Light brown with darker margins and radial stripes.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 7.04 (2.05, 2.42, 1.52, 1.05); II = 6.67 (1.93, 2.23, 1.49, 1.02); III = 6.15 (1.70, 1.94, 1.54, 0.97); IV = 8.12 (2.21, 2.74, 2.09, 1.08).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Uniformly gray-brown.</p><p>EPIGYNE (Figs 6D, 7F). Epigynal plate about 2 times as wide as long; fovea ca 1.3 times as wide as long; septum about ⅓ of fovea width, almost 2 times as long as wide. Copulatory openings (CO) slit-shaped, separated by 2 times the length of septum.</p><p>VULVA (Figs 6E, 7G). Copulatory ducts indistinct, copulatory opening leads to spermathecae, located ectally. Spermathecae small and globular, separated by ca 2.5 times their diameters.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Xinjiang) (Fig. 11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/535D8873FFEFFFC321B25864DAB6F974	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Lu-Yu;Yang, Yun-Shan;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Wang, Lu-Yu, Yang, Yun-Shan, Marusik, Yuri M., Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2025): Review of the spider genus Devade Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 989: 289-310, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.989.2901, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2901/13141
535D8873FFE8FFDC212E5891DA33F9E1.text	535D8873FFE8FFDC212E5891DA33F9E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devade qiemuensis (Hu & Wu 1989) Wang & Yang & Marusik & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Devade qiemuensis (Hu &amp; Wu, 1989) stat. rev.</p><p>Figs 8–11</p><p>Amaurobius qiemuensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989: 57, fig. 40.1–8 (♀).</p><p>Amaurobius qiemuensis – Song et al. 1999: 365, fig. 216f–g (♀).</p><p>Devade qiemuensis – Esyunin &amp; Efimik 2000: 685 (transferred from  Amaurobius).</p><p>non  Devade tenella (Tystshenko, 1965) – Esyunin &amp; Marusik 2001: 130 (based on misidentification of Chinese specimen).</p><p>Chinese name</p><p>H末带ḍ</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles  D. longa sp. nov. (Figs 2–3) in having a longer tibia (longer than half the length of the cymbium), the fingernail edge-shaped basidorsal fold (BF) of the cymbium and similar spermathecae, but it differs by having the palpal tibia shorter than the length of the cymbium (Figs 8A– C, 9C–E, 10C–E) (vs as long as the cymbium, Figs 2A–C, 3C–E), the anterior side of the mesal process of the conductor posterior arm with smooth tip (Figs 8B, 9D, 10D) (vs has a notch, Figs 2B, 3D), and the septum 3 times as long as wide (Figs 8D, 9F, 10F) (vs 2 times as long as wide Figs 2D, 3F).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA – Hebei • 2 ♀♀; Zhangjiakou City, Zhangbei Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.74416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.300556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.74416/lat 41.300556)">Zhongdu</a>; 41°18′02″ N, 114°44′39″ E; elev. 1350 m; 16 Jul. 2002; G.M. Tang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-01, SWUC-DIDQ-02  . –   Inner Mongolia • 3 ♀♀; Alxa League, Ejina Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.30889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.040276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.30889/lat 42.040276)">Badaoqiao Desert Park</a>; 42°02′25″ N, 101°18′32″ E; elev. 924 m; 5 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-03 to SWUC-DIDQ-05  •   1 ♀; Ejina Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.58723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.011112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.58723/lat 42.011112)">Tian’e Lake</a>; 42°00′40″ N, 101°35′14″ E; elev. 890 m; 5 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-06  •   1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; Ejina Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.250275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.337776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.250275/lat 42.337776)">Juyan Lake</a>; 42°20′16″ N, 101°15′01″ E; elev. 895 m; 5 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-07 to SWUC-DIDQ-13  •   7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Alxa Left Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.744995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.72111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.744995/lat 39.72111)">Jilantai Salt Lake</a>; 39°43′16″ N, 105°44′42″ E; elev. 1017 m; 7 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-14 to SWUC-DIDQ-31  •   4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Alxa Left Banner, Jilantai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.77473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.739723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.77473/lat 39.739723)">Dongshawo</a>; 39°44′23″ N, 105°46′29″ E; elev. 1024 m; 7 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-32 to SWUC-DIDQ-42  •   1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.763336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.741943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.763336/lat 39.741943)">Jilantai</a>; 39°44′31″ N, 105°45′48″ E; elev. 1027 m; 7 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-43  •   2 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Alxa Left Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.85333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.284164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.85333/lat 40.284164)">Qinggele</a>; 40°17′03″ N, 105°51′12″ E; elev. 1165 m; 11 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-44 to SWUC-DIDQ-56  •   5 ♀♀; Alxa Left Banner, Liutuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.506386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.504723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.506386/lat 40.504723)">Dongqing Lake</a>; 40°30′17″ N, 106°30′23″ E; elev. 1030 m; 11 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-57 to SWUC-DIDQ-61  •   1 ♀; Bayannur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.644165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.52611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.644165/lat 40.52611)">Nalin Lake</a>; 40°31′34″ N, 106°38′39″ E; elev. 1038 m; 11 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-62  •   1 ♂, 8 ♀♀: Bayannur, Urad Front Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.848335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.859444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.848335/lat 40.859444)">Wuliangsuhai</a>; 40°51′34″ N, 108°50′54 E; elev. 1025 m; 14 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-63 to SWUC-DIDQ-71  •   1 ♀; Baotou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.675556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46027/lat 41.675556)">Bailingmiao Town</a>; 41°40′32″ N, 110°27′37″ E; elev. 1348 m; 17 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-72  •   6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Chifeng City, Hexigten Banner, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.660835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.380833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.660835/lat 43.380833)">Dalinuoer</a>; 43°22′51″ N, 116°39′39″ E; elev. 1221 m; 27 Jun. 2015; T. Lu and G.Q. Huang leg; SWUC-DIDQ-73 to SWUC-DIDQ-86  •   1 ♂; 3 ♀♀;  Dalinuoer; 3 Jul. 2002; Z.S. Zhang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-87 to SWUC-DIDQ-90  . –   Qinghai • 7 ♀♀; Golmud, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.51111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.449722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.51111/lat 37.449722)">Xiao Qaidam Lake</a>; 37°26′59″ N, 95°30′40″ E; elev. 3170 m; 24 Jul. 2018; L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Wu and Y.N. Mu leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-91 to SWUC-DIDQ-97  . –   Xinjiang • 13 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Altay City, Fuhai Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.402504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.24222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.402504/lat 47.24222)">Ulungur Lake</a>; 47°14′32″ N, 87°24′09″ E; elev. 506 m; 15 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg; SWUC-DIDQ-98 to SWUC-DIDQ-119  •   2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Bohu Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.73778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.90806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.73778/lat 41.90806)">Bosten Lake, Dahekou</a>; 41°54′29″ N, 86°44′16″ E; elev. 1033 m; 12 May 2013; L.Y. Wang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-120 to SWUC-DIDQ-123  •   1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.335556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.732224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.335556/lat 40.732224)">Korla</a>, Yuli Co.; 40°43′56″ N, 87°20′08″ E: elev. 863 m; 1 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-124 to SWUC-DIDQ-128  •   24 ♂♂, 74 ♀♀; Ruoqiang Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.503887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.315/lat 39.503887)">Taitema Lake</a>; 39°30′14″ N, 88°18′54″ E; elev. 845 m; 1 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-129 to SWUC-DIDQ-226  •   11 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀;  Taitema Lake; 10 May 2013; L.Y. Wang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-227 to SWUC-DIDQ-261  •   1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; Ruoqiang Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.88722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.69167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.88722/lat 38.69167)">Washixia Township</a>; 38°41′30″ N, 86°53′14″ E; elev. 1029 m; 10 May 2013; L.Y. Wang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-262 to SWUC-DIDQ-268  •  1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Qiemo Co.; 38°12′13″ N, 85°31′08″ E; elev. 1241 m; 11 May 2013; L.Y. Wang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-269 to SWUC-DIDQ-271 •  2 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Qiemo Co.; 37°57′47″ N, 84°26′47″ E; elev. 1260 m; 2 Jun. 2014; L.Y. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg.; SWUC-DIDQ-272 to SWUC-DIDQ-285 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (SWUC-DIDQ-272, Fig. 9A)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.27. Carapace 1.93 long, 1.47 wide; abdomen 2.46 long, 1.47 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE, 0.09; AME–AME 0.09, AME– ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.30 long, anterior width 0.26, posterior width 0.28. Clypeus height 0.10.</p><p>CARAPACE. Brown, cephalic part darker than thoracic part; with dark margins and dark radial stripes.</p><p>CHELICERAE. With 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 6.14 (1.75, 2.05, 1.36, 0.98); II = 6.11 (1.70, 1.98, 1.45, 0.98); III = 6.09 (1.62, 1.85, 1.60, 1.02); IV = 7.67 (2.04, 2.41, 2.06, 1.16).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Light brown to gray with ca 7–8 dark transversal chevrons.</p><p>PALP (Figs 8A–C, 9C–E, 10C–E). Tibia long, longer than half the length of cymbium. Retrolateral tibial apophysis laminar and directed ventrally. Cymbium longer than wide, narrow towards tip, basidorsal fold (BF) rounded in dorsal view and fingernail edge-shaped in retrolateral view. Posterior arm of conductor with two large processes: mesal process narrow and hook-like, with pointed tip; retrolateral process wide and laminar, almost 2 times as long as mesal process. Embolus originating at about the 11:00 o’clock position.</p><p>Female (SWUC-DIDQ-274, Fig. 9B)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.13. Carapace 2.01 long, 1.41 wide; abdomen 4.14 long, 2.34 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.13, PME 0.10, PLE, 0.11; AME–AME 0.08, AME– ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04. MOA 0.28 long, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.30. Clypeus height 0.10.</p><p>LEG MEASUREMENTS. I = 5.59 (1.67, 1.89, 1.20, 0.83); II = 5.07 (1.36, 1.65, 1.18, 0.88); III = 4.98 (1.32, 1.46, 1.36, 0.86); IV = 6.59 (1.75, 2.12, 1.82, 0.90).</p><p>CARAPACE AND ABDOMEN. Same morphological pattern as in male except lighter in color.</p><p>EPIGYNE (Figs 8D, 9F, 10F). Epigynal plate almost 2 times as wide as long. Septum 3 times as long as wide. Copulatory openings small, separated by two times the length of the septum.</p><p>VULVA (Figs 8E, 9G, 10G). Copulatory ducts extremely short. Spermathecae small and globular, separated by 2.5 times their diameters.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang) (Fig. 11).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We presented the photographs of specimens of  Devade qiemuensis collected from Qiemo County (type locality) and Inner Mongolia. While variations were observed in the septum of the epigyne among the female specimens, no differences were noted in the male specimens collected alongside the females in Inner Mongolia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/535D8873FFE8FFDC212E5891DA33F9E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Lu-Yu;Yang, Yun-Shan;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Wang, Lu-Yu, Yang, Yun-Shan, Marusik, Yuri M., Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2025): Review of the spider genus Devade Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 989: 289-310, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.989.2901, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2901/13141
