identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4B0B87A9FFB1953BABB2A7F9256EFACE.text	4B0B87A9FFB1953BABB2A7F9256EFACE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limois Stal 1863	<div><p>Genus Limois Stål, 1863</p><p>Limois Stål, 1863: 230 .</p><p>Type species: L. westwoodii (Hope, 1843) .</p><p>Limois – Metcalf 1947: 170. — Lallemand 1963: 54. — Chou &amp; Lu 1981: 221. — Chou et al. 1985a: 30. — Chou et al. 1985b: 108. — Nagai &amp; Porion 1996: 22. — Wang et al. 2020: 36.</p><p>Species included [distribution]</p><p>Limois bifasciatus Ollenbach, 1928 [India, Uttarakhand State (Ollenbach, 1928)]</p><p>Limois chagyabensis Chou &amp; Lu, 1981 [China: Xizang, Shaanxi, Sichuan (Wang et al., 2020)]</p><p>Limois emelianovi Oshanin, 1908 [China: Gansu, Dongbei (Wang et al. 2020); Russia (Oshanin 1908; Anufriev 2009); Korea (Doi 1932a, 1932b; Kwon &amp; Huh 2001)].</p><p>Limois guangxiensis Chou &amp; Wang, 1985 [China: Guangxi, Fujian (Wang et al. 2020)]</p><p>Limois hunanensis Chou &amp; Wang, 1985 [China: Hunan (Wang et al. 2020)]</p><p>Limois kikuchii Kato, 1932 [China: northern China (Kato 1932, 1933), Shaanxi, Beijing (Liang 2005), Korea (Kato 1933; Metcalf 1947)]</p><p>Limois sonlaensis sp. nov. [Vietnam: Son La Province]</p><p>Limois sordida Wang, Xu, Constant &amp; Qin, 2020 [China: Shanxi; Hebei, Beijing (Wang et al. 2020)]</p><p>Limois westwoodii (Hope, 1843) [Bangladesh (Hope 1843); China: Xizang; Myanmar (Wang et al. 2020)]</p><p>Identification key to the species of Limois Stål, 1863</p><p>1. Frons with three longitudinal carinae (Wang et al. 2020: figs 1E–F, 4C, 6E, 11D) ............................... 2</p><p>– Frons with two longitudinal carinae (Wang et al. 2020: figs 2E, 3B, 8D, 9D–F) ................................ 5</p><p>2. Pronotum with one dark irregular patch along the posterior margin on each lateral area (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 11B); base of hindwings yellow in male and red in female (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 11A, C) ... .................................... L. emelianovi Oshanin, 1908</p><p>– Pronotum without one dark irregular patch along the posterior margin on each lateral area (Wang et al., 2020: figs 1D, 4B, 6D); base of hindwings concolorous in both sexes (Wang et al., 2020: figs 1A–B, 4A, D, 6A–B) ....................................... 3</p><p>3. Pronotum brown (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 4B); genital styles distinctly elongate, subtriangular in lateral view (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 5A–B) ........................ .............................................. L. kikuchii Kato, 1932</p><p>– Pronotum purplish red or dark brown (Wang et al. 2020: figs 1D, 6D); genital styles short, almost equilateral in lateral view (Wang et al. 2020: figs 1H, 7A, C) ..................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Pronotum purplish red (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 1D); thorax sparsely covered with few dark spots (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 1D); irregular stripe in tegmina short and straight, not extending to anal angle (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 1A–C); apical half of endosomal processes exposed (Wang et al. 2020: figs 1K–L, 14C–D) ...... ............................ L. chagyabensis Chou &amp; Lu, 1981</p><p>– Pronotum dark brown (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 6D); thorax densely covered with numerous dark spots (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 6D); irregular stripe in tegmina long, sinuately extending to anal angle (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 6A–C); apical ⅓ of endosomal processes exposed (Wang et al. 2020: figs 7D–E, 15C–D) ...... ............ L. sordida Wang, Xu, Constant &amp; Qin, 2020</p><p>5. Thorax densely covered with numerous minute dark spots, disc of mesonotum without black marking (Fig. 1B; Wang et al. 2020: fig. 2D); tegmina submedially without strongly contrasting broad irregular band (Fig. 1A; Wang et al. 2020: fig. 2A) .. ................................................................................. 6</p><p>– Thorax with minute dark spots sparse or absent, disc of mesonotum with black markings (Wang et al., 2020: figs 3A, 8B, 9B); tegmina submedially with contrasting broad irregular band (Wang et al. 2020: figs 3D, 8A, C, E, 9A, G) ....................................... 7</p><p>6. Minute black spots density equal on disc of pro- and mesonotum (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 2D); postclypeus pale yellowish with minute darker spots (Wang et al., 2020: fig. 2E); dorsal angle of gonostyli rounded in lateral view (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 2G–H) .............. ....................... L. guangxiensis Chou &amp; Wang, 1985</p><p>– Minute black spots covering on disc of pronotum distinctly less dense than that on disc of mesonotum (Fig. 1B); postclypeus dark brown with irregular pale yellowish markings (Fig. 1C); dorsal angle of gonostyli forming a right angle in lateral view (Fig. 2A) ................................ L. sonlaensis sp. nov.</p><p>7. Pronotum with 2 dark spots anteriorly, without one longitudinal broken black band on each side of median carina (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 3A) ............... .......................... L. hunanensis Chou &amp; Wang, 1985</p><p>– Pronotum without dark spots anteriorly, with one longitudinal broken black band on each side of median carina (Wang et al. 2020: figs 8B, 9B) ...... 8</p><p>8. Tegmina with an oblique narrow fascia from apex to disc (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 13) ................................ .................................. L. bifasciatus Ollenbach, 1928</p><p>– Tegmina without an oblique narrow fascia from apex to disc (Wang et al. 2020: figs 8A, C, E, 9A, G) ...... ...................................... L. westwoodii (Hope, 1843)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B0B87A9FFB1953BABB2A7F9256EFACE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Constant, Jérôme;Pham, Thai Hong	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai Hong (2022): First record of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 in Vietnam with a new species, L. sonlaensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 9-17, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2022.71.1.009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2022.71.1.009
4B0B87A9FFB2953EAB98A7DA247AFD4A.text	4B0B87A9FFB2953EAB98A7DA247AFD4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limois sonlaensis Constant & Pham 2022	<div><p>Limois sonlaensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B2AE4EF3-DA99-4E9A-9A79-25741F7C60EF</p><p>(Figs 1–4)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype ♂ (Figs 1–3). Vietnam, Son La Province; Thu ận <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5432&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.353195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5432/lat 21.353195)">Châu District</a>, Co M ạ, alt. 1,400 m; 21°21’11.5” N, 103°32’35.5” E; 7 Oct 2008; leg. Hoang Vu Tru; light trap; VNMN.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The species can be separated from the other Limois species by the combination of the following characters:</p><p>1. Frons with two longitudinal carinae (Fig. 1C).</p><p>2. Pro- and mesonotum without large dark making on disc, only with minute black spots; spots distinctly less dense on pronotum than on mesonotum (Fig. 1B).</p><p>3. Postclypeus dark brown with irregular pale yellowish markings (Fig. 1C).</p><p>4. Tegmina with red suffusion on basal half of corium, the reddish area not reaching base and not extending to costal cell (Fig. 1A, D).</p><p>5. Posterior wigs with broad dark brown band along posterior margin and broad dark brown band separating basal orange-red area from transparent distal third (Fig. 1A, D).</p><p>6. Gonostyli with dorsal angle forming a right angle (Fig. 2A).</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The most similar species is L. guangxiensis Chou &amp; Wang, 1985 from which L. sonlaensis sp. nov. can be separated, for example by the minute spots on disc of pronotum less densely distributed than on disc of mesonotum (spotting density similar on disc of pro- and mesonotum in L. guangxiensis) and by the pale yellowish ground colour of the postclypeus (postclypeus dark brown with irregular pale yellowish markings in L. sonlaensis).</p><p>Limois sonlaensis sp. nov. can be separated from the remaining other species of the genus by the absence of dark brown or black markings on the disc of the proand mesonotum. The remaining other species, except L. westwoodii, also lack the dark brown band separating the orange-red basal area from the transparent distal area of the posterior wings.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet refers to Son La Province in North Vietnam, where the type specimen was collected.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurements and ratios. LT: ♂ (n = 1): 20.6 mm. LTg/ BTg = 2.6; LV/BV = 0.5; LF/BF = 1.03.</p><p>Head. Vertex excavate, with all margins carinate; about two times broader than long; weakly transversely wrinkled; with a broadly U-shaped carina along median 2/ 4 of posterior margin; pale yellow with irregular brown markings in middle and at posterolateral angles (Fig. 1B, E). Posterior face of head pale yellowish with two longitudinal brown markings near middle (Fig. 1B, E). Frons about as broad basally as long in mid-line (excluding cephalic process); slightly convex in lateral view; broadest with margins rounded near fronto-clypeal suture, then moderately tapering dorsad with lateral margins broadly incurved; portion above fronto-clypeal suture slightly excavate, then median portion of disc elevated; elevation tapering dorsad and gradually turning into two side-by-side carinae extending nearly to apex of cephalic process; frons mostly dark brown mottled with pale yellow and rather densely covered in minute black points (Fig. 1B–C, H). Cephalic process directed posterodorsally, tapering towards apex; in lateral view, anterior margin rounded and posterior margin straight, oblique; anterior face with lateral margins foliate laterally near base and two parallel median carinae stopping before a small lamina; small lamina followed by excavate apex of process; posterior face of process flattened, elongate with sides parallel and lateral margins carinate, and dorsal margin angularly pointed dorsad; pale yellowish slightly variagated with brown and with irregular minute reddish brown points, and with carinae of anterior face dark brown (Fig. 1B–C, E–F, H). Genae pale yellowish with few brown markings (Fig. 1E, H). Eyes large, about half as wide as vertex in dorsal view, strongly rounded and protruding laterally (Fig. 1B–C). Ocelli well-developed, under compound eyes (Fig. 1H). Antennae rather short, subcylindrical, black-brown (Fig. 1E, H). Clypeus convex, elongate, subtriangular, carinate medially with carina stronger on anteclypeus; lateral margins carinate on basal ⅔ of postclypeus; base narrower than frons; brown with anteclypeus darker and transverse irregular pale yellowish markings; some minute black points on postclypeus along lateral and median carinae (Fig. 1C– D). Labium brown, very elongate and narrow, surpassing apex of abdomen, with last segment much shorter than penultimate (Fig. 1D).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum wider than long with lateral angles acutely pointed lateroventrally in dorsal view; anterior margin strongly bisinuate, roundly emarginated behind eyes, slightly emarginate behind vertex; posterior margin more or less straight, abruptly oblique near lateral angle; weak median carina on anterior half of disc with a deep impressed point at each side; disc transversely wrinkled posterior to impressed points; anterolateral margin strongly carinate; paranotal lobes with strong carina parallel to anterolateral margin on dorsal ⅓ and ventral margin carinate; ventral ⅔ of paranotal lobes coarsely punctured; pale yellowish dorsally with some minute dark brown dots and one bigger black point behind eye; paranotal lobes with area between carinae dark brown with large pale yellowish markings dorsally; ventral ⅔ of paranotal lobes dark brown variegated with yellowish (Fig. 1B–C, E–F, H). Mesonotum subtriangular with very weakly marked median and peridiscal carinae; median carina stopped before scutellum; peridiscal carinae incurved on anterior ¼; scutellum slightly elevated, following a shallow depression; ground colour pale yellowish; disc densely covered in irregular small black dots; lateral fields beyond peridiscal carinae smooth with some black-brown markings including a curved marking anteriorly (Fig. 1B, E, H). Tegulae pale yellowish with irregular minute black points on ventral ⅔ (Fig. 1B, E, H).</p><p>Tegmina. (Fig. 1A, D, G) Elongate, slightly more than 2.5 × as long as broad, with a small round lobe posterior to clavus (damaged on right wing of holotype); apical angle rounded; apical margin strongly oblique; costal cell pale yellowish brown with irregular rather large black-brown markings; clavus pale yellowish with irregular dark brown markings, markings larger on distal ⅔; basal ½ of corium opaque, pale yellowish with large black-brown markings and a large reddish zone on disc, not reaching base and more visible ventrally (Fig. 1D); distal half transparent with large markings and veins, dark brown (Fig. 1A, D, G). Venation dense and reticulate, with numerous secondary veins and cross-veinlets; Pc+CP extending slightly beyond nodal line; ScP+R(+- MA) very short; RP(+MA) merged with MP at basal 2 / 5 of clavus; PCu and A1 fused at about ¾ of clavus length (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Hind wings. (Fig. 1A, D) Elongate, roundly pointed apically, with posterior margin roundly indentate at claval fold. Basal half bright orange turning to bright red distally; distal half transparent with broad dark brown, C-shaped band between bright red and transparent areas; broad dark brown band along posterior margin; vein CuA dark brown marked by an elongate dark brown marking progressively widening towards the posterior and abruptly stopped at first fork of CuA; three dark brown makings along vein A 1 in orange area.</p><p>Legs. (Fig. 1A, D) Elongate and slender. Dark brown; femora with irregular pale yellow markings more or less arranged in rings; tibiae with 2 well-defined pale yellowish rings, the more distal one broader. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5–6) 7 / 8–9 / 6.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites orange with broad dark brown band along basal margin (Fig. 1A, D); ventral face black-brown (Fig. 1D).</p><p>Terminalia. Male. Pygofer (Py) with ventral margin sinuate in lateral view; posterior margin in lateral view slightly convex, emarginate on ventral 1/6 (Fig. 2A); in dorsal view deeply, roundly emarginate posteriorly (Fig. 2C, F); posterior margin slightly roundly projecting posterad in ventral view (Fig. 2D). Gonostyli (G) subtriangular in lateral view, with dorsal angle right and posterior margin rounded (Fig. 2A), in ventral view gonostyli connected basally (Fig. 2D), lateral hook (lhg) slender, directed posteroventrally, then curved ventrally towards apex (Fig. 2A–B, D). Phallobase sclerotized in basal 1/6, sheath cylindrical, phallobasal conjunctival processes sclerotized over entire length, about five times as long as sheath, apical ¼ curved dorsad and terminally membranous and inflated, phallus with a dorsal and a ventral pair of elongate membranous processes (Fig. 3A–B, D–G). Connective rod-like (Fig. 3A). Tectiductus rather large, in lateral view elongate, in dorsal view broad, subsquarish, distinctly concave ventrally (Fig. 3A–E, G). Anal tube (An) massive, in lateral view reaching level of apex of gonostyli, ventral margin nearly straight, apical margin obliquely, roundly truncate (Fig. 2A), in dorsal view, widening from base to apex, 1.09 × broader near apex than long in median line, 1.34 × longer in maximum length than wide at maximum width, apical margin roundly emarginate in dorsal view (Fig. 2C); anal column (ac) elongate, surpassing posterior margin of anal tube (Fig. 2A, C).</p><p>Note</p><p>Limois sonlaensis sp. nov. is the only species of the genus in which RP(+MA) is merging with MP on tegmina. Both tegmina of the specimen show this character. However, as only one male is available, this character needs to be confirmed from additional material in the future, and might represent a good diagnostic character to recognize this species.</p><p>Biology</p><p>The specimen was collected at a light trap in secondary mountain tropical evergreen forest, at 1,400 m in altitude (Fig. 4).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Vietnam, Son La Province (Fig. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B0B87A9FFB2953EAB98A7DA247AFD4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Constant, Jérôme;Pham, Thai Hong	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai Hong (2022): First record of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 in Vietnam with a new species, L. sonlaensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 9-17, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2022.71.1.009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2022.71.1.009
