identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
461A87F9FFFCF26CFD95FB8599F182AB.text	461A87F9FFFCF26CFD95FB8599F182AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Butlerius indicus Mumtaz & Ahmad & Tahseen 2025	<div><p>Butlerius indicus sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, Tables 1, 3, 4)</p><p>Description</p><p>Female. Body slender, medium–sized, less than 1 mm; almost straight after fixation, tapering only very slightly anteriorly, but more posteriorly towards a filiform tail. Cuticle with fine transverse striations. Longitudinal striations fine with equally spaced dot-like punctations (Figure 2 (F)). Lip region more or less flat, continuous with body contour. Lips six, amalgamated with six small papilliform inner labial and six setose outer labial sensilla. Amphidial apertures large, elliptical to square-shaped (Figure 2 (B)), 12–13 µm from anterior end of stoma, at the level of dorsal tooth. Stoma 2.5 times longer than wide. Cheilostom longer than wide, spacious, barrel-shaped, cheilorhabdions arched inward anteriorly, cheilorhabdial flaps eight, arched outwards to reveal an open stoma; gymnostom broader than long, isotopic, isomorphic, lacking armature (Figure 1 (D)). Stegostom anisotopic and anisomorphic, dorsal metastegostomal wall with a medium-sized, triangular, anteriorly directed, movable tooth, subventral walls without armature (Figure 1 (D)). Pharynx with slender 56–95 µm long, muscular corpus of uniform diameter, expanding slightly into a 12–20 µm long median bulb. Corpus lumen prominently sclerotised. Isthmus relatively muscular, 20–30 µm long, continuing posteriorly into a basal bulb of 17–27 µm × 13–15 µm dimension without any valve plate or grinder. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nucleus usually prominent, located near base of basal bulb (Figure 1 (F)). Nerve ring encircling isthmus immediately posterior to median bulb, at 68–78% of pharyngeal length. Hemizonid located near the expanding part of basal bulb, about 74–80% of pharyngeal length. Secretory–excretory pore faintly visible. Cardia well-developed, 3–4 µm long, consisting of three flaps, one dorsal and two ventro-sublateral. Intestine composed of dark granulated cells with prominent nuclei, intestinal lumen uniformly wide, 7– 8 µm without any bacterial pouch.</p><p>Reproductive system amphidelphic, anterior gonad on right side and posterior on left side of intestine. Both branches almost identical. Ovaries reversed with distal part of ovaries not reaching the level of vulva (Figure 2 (D)). Oocytes arranged in double row in germinal zone and single row in maturation zone (Figure 1 (E)). Oviduct narrow, tubular. Spermatheca thin-walled, without distinct demarcation, filled with rounded to ovoid sperms. Uterus divisible into a distal smaller muscular part and a proximally placed longer, glandular part made up of large cells and narrow lumen. Columella distinct from spermatheca. Vagina narrow, tubular, 5–6 µm long about one-fourth of corresponding body diameter. Vulval opening small, elliptical, flushing with body contour. Vulva–anus distance 8.0–12.5 times vulval body diameter. Rectum 1.1–1.7 times anal body diameter (Figure 2 (I)). Phasmids located at a level, 1.4–2.5 anal body diameter posterior to anus. Tail long, filiform 0.6–1.7 times vulva–anus distance, divided into two parts, an anterior short conoid part and a posterior longer filamentous part.</p><p>Male. Similar to female in general morphology but smaller in size (625–823 µm). Lip region with four cephalic papillae posterior to outer labial sensilla. Reproductive system monorchic, testis reflexed laterally, on right side of intestine. Spermatocytes arranged in two rows distally followed by single row proximally. Vas deferens a long tube containing spermatocytes transforming into spermatozoa, tapering to an ejaculatory duct. Spicules paired, slender, arcuate, 1.2–1.7 times cloacal body diameter long. Manubrium round connected to calomus/lamina complex – that is slightly expanded just posterior to manubrium, and then smoothly tapering to prominent bifid distal tips constituting a fine ventral spur (Figure 2 (H)). Gubernaculum slender, boat-shaped, 56–75% of spicules length, proximally curved and distally with a sleeve (Figure 1 (G)). Tail divided into two parts, an anterior short conoid part and a posterior longer filamentous part. Genital sensilla nine pairs – constituting three precloacal and six postcloacal pairs in the configuration of v1, v2, v3d/v4, ad, (v5, v6, v7), ph, pd. Precloacal pair v1 located above the spicule range, about twice cloacal body diameter anterior to cloaca; v2 and v3d almost at the same level, just anterior to cloacal opening. ad about one cloacal body diameter posterior to cloaca. v7 larger than v5 and v6. Phasmids pore-like, at the level of v5, 1.7–2.1 anal body diameter posterior to cloacal opening. pd subdorsal, far posterior to the v5–v7 group (Figure 1 (G)).</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>The wet collection of the present population of  Butlerius indicus sp. n. was collected from rotting bark in Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India on 12 February 2019 at geographical coordinates 29°12ʹ52′′N, 79°31ʹ40′′E.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Female on slide AMU/ZD/NC/  Butlerius indicus sp. n. /1 deposited in the nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.</p><p>Paratypes: Sixteen females and 13 males on slides AMU/ZD/NC/  Butlerius indicus sp. n. /2–14 deposited in the nematode collection of Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India  .</p><p>Diagnosis and relationships</p><p>Butlerius indicus sp. n. is characterised by finely-striated and punctated cuticle; large barrel-shaped, anteriorly arched cheilostom; isotopic and isomorphic gymnostom; anisotopic and anisomorphic stegostom, dorsal stegostomal wall with medium-sized, anteriorly directed tooth; female reproductive system amphidelphic; males with slender, arcuate spicules having a bifid distal tip constituting a fine ventral spur; boat-shaped gubernaculum, proximally curved, distal end provided with a sleeve, and nine pairs of genital sensilla.</p><p>The new species closely resembles  B. canadensis Ebsary, 1986,  B. degressei Grootaert and Jaques, 1979,  B. longipyge Khera, 1969,  B. butleri Goodey, 1929 and  B. gerlachi Meyl, 1957 in general morphology and morphometric values. However, it differs from  B. canadensis in the number of cheilostomal plates (8 vs 12), shape of cheilostom (anteriorly curved vs linear), subventral tooth (absent vs present on left wall), distal end of spicules (bifid vs blunt), sleeve of gubernaculum (present vs absent) and number and arrangement of genital sensilla (nine pairs with six postcloacal pairs vs eight pairs with five postcloacal pairs in  B. canadensis).</p><p>From  B. degressei, the new species differs in having smaller females (671–970 µm vs 1,076 –1,311 µm), length of stoma (11–17 µm vs 22.4–24.5 µm), position of amphids (anterior to dorsal tooth vs at the level of dorsal tooth), female reproductive system (amphidelphic vs prodelphic with post-uterine sac), shape of spicules (lamina broad, distal tips bifid or with a spur vs lamina narrow, distally hooked) and arrangement of genital sensilla (v2 just anterior to cloaca vs v2 above the spicule range).</p><p>The new species comes close to  B. longipyge but differs in having smaller body size in females (671–970 µm vs 1,000 –1,200 µm), more slender body (a = 32.0–43.4 vs 25–28 in females; 35.4–45.6 vs 26–28 in males), subventral tooth (absent vs present on both walls), size of spicules (20–25 µm vs 30–32 µm) and rudimentary bursa (absent vs present).</p><p>B. indicus sp. n. also resembles  B. butleri in most allometric ratios but differs from it in having smaller body size (671–970 µm vs 1,335 –1,857 µm in females; 625–823 µm vs 1,197 –1,641 µm in males), length of stoma (11–17 µm vs 24.5–27.5 µm), position of amphids (at the level of dorsal tooth vs at the base of dorsal tooth), uterine glands (absent vs present), size of spicules (20–25 µm vs 38.5–48.5 µm), size of gubernaculum (12–15 µm vs 24.5–32.5 µm) and arrangement of genital sensilla (v5–7 cluster at the same level vs v5– 7 cluster separated from each other).</p><p>From  B. gerlachi, the new species differs in having smaller female (L = 671–970 µm vs 1,000 –1,140 µm), size of cheilostom (longer than gymnostom, as long as head diameter vs as long as gymnostom, half of head diameter), median bulb (oval, as long as corresponding body diameter vs elongate, almost twice the corresponding body diameter), shape of amphid (broad, elliptical to square-shaped vs stirrup-shaped), shorter pharynx (b = 5.5–6.8 vs 4.4–4.9), longer tail (c = 2.5–5.0 vs 5.9–7.6), posterior position of vulva (V = 38–49% vs 51–54%), males having spicules (with bifid distal tip constituting a fine ventral spur vs pointed distal tip), gubernaculum slender (boat-shaped vs broad, keel-shaped) and genital sensilla (9 pairs vs 11 pairs in  B. gerlachi).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the species is based on its country of origin, ie India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461A87F9FFFCF26CFD95FB8599F182AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mumtaz, Sabia;Ahmad, Irfan;Tahseen, Qudsia	Mumtaz, Sabia, Ahmad, Irfan, Tahseen, Qudsia (2025): A new and a known species of the genus Butlerius Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from India and their relationship with congeners. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 171-193, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353
461A87F9FFFCF268FE40FCAE9EF48434.text	461A87F9FFFCF268FE40FCAE9EF48434.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Butlerius Goodey 1929	<div><p>Genus  Butlerius Goodey, 1929</p><p>Syn.  Butleroides Lordello &amp; Zamith, 1959</p><p>Butleriellus Meyl, 1960</p><p>Mesodiplogasteroides Khera, 1969</p><p>Parabutlerius Andrássy, 1984</p><p>Monobutlerius Ebsary, 1986</p><p>LSV: left subventral; RSV: right subventral; VL: ventrolateral; post.: posterior; PUS: post-uterine sac; precl.: precloacal; postcl.: postcloacal; – indicates unavailability of information in the type/ original description.</p><p>(Continued)</p><p>ABD: Anal body diameter; MBD: Maximum body diameter; *: calculated from drawing; – indicates unavailability of information in the type/original description.</p><p>The key characters for differentiating the species of  Butlerius are given hereunder</p><p>1 – Female gonad prodelphic ............................................................................................................ 2</p><p>– Female gonad amphidelphic ...................................................................................................... 5</p><p>2 – Stoma with subventral armature ............................................................................................... 3</p><p>– Stoma without subventral armature ........................................................................................ 4</p><p>3 – Stoma with one dorsal &amp; eight small teeth (two subventral, two smaller ventrolateral multi-teeth sets), gubernaculum long sickle-shaped, post-uterine duct cuticularized, genital sensilla, six pairs; two precloacal and four postcloacal ............................................... ........................................................................................................................  B. macrogubernaculum</p><p>– Stoma with one subventral tooth and denticles, gubernaculum triangular, triangle distally pointed, post-uterine duct not cuticularized, genital sensilla nine pairs; three precloacal and six postcloacal............... .......................................  B. monhystera</p><p>4 – Spicules very long, arcuate, fused for the distal two thirds of their length, gubernaculum proximally knobbed, genital sensilla nine pairs.......................  B. macrospiculum</p><p>– Spicules distally hooked, gubernaculum keel-like; keel distally rounded, genital sensilla nine pairs .................................................... ..................................................  B. degrissei</p><p>5 – Stoma with one dorsal tooth, subventral armature may be present or absent. .... 6</p><p>– Stoma with two dorsal tooth and two subventral teeth ......................................  B. okai</p><p>6 – Stoma without subventral armature ........................................................................................ 7</p><p>– Stoma with subventral armature ............................................................................................... 8</p><p>7 – Stoma 23–24 µm long ..................................................................................................  B. demani</p><p>– Stoma 12–13 µm long... ........................................ .......................................  B. indicus sp. n.</p><p>8 – Procorpus lumen zipper-like.. ..................................................................................................... 9</p><p>– Procorpus lumen simple. ............................................................................................................ 10</p><p>9 – Sclerotised pieces in vagina............. .................... ...................  B. sclerovaginatus</p><p>– Vagina without sclerotisation................ ........................ .......................  B. micans</p><p>10 – Large setose cephalic papillae, linear gubernaculum.. .................................................. 11</p><p>– Minute cephalic papillae, more expanded gubernaculum.. ........................................ 12</p><p>11 – Genital sensilla nine pairs, four unicellular uterine glands present... .. ..  B. butleri</p><p>– Genital sensilla eight pairs, uterine glands absent....................................  B. canadensis</p><p>12 – Genital sensilla 11 pairs, ad more than one cloacal diam. posterior to cloaca, pd at the level of v7, rectal gland absent. ..................................... ....................................  B. gerlachi</p><p>– Genital sensilla nine pairs, ad just posterior to cloaca at the level of v4, pd far posterior to v7, rectal gland present..............................................................................  B. longipyge</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461A87F9FFFCF268FE40FCAE9EF48434	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mumtaz, Sabia;Ahmad, Irfan;Tahseen, Qudsia	Mumtaz, Sabia, Ahmad, Irfan, Tahseen, Qudsia (2025): A new and a known species of the genus Butlerius Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from India and their relationship with congeners. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 171-193, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353
461A87F9FFEEF26EFE09FEE699368705.text	461A87F9FFEEF26EFE09FEE699368705.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Butlerius micans , Pillai and Taylor 1968	<div><p>Butlerius micans Pillai and Taylor, 1968</p><p>(Figures 3–8, Tables 2–4)</p><p>Description</p><p>Females. Body slender, medium-sized, less than 1 mm long, almost straight after fixation, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle with fine transverse and prominent longitudinal striations forming a corn-cob like pattern. Lateral fields with four fine lines (visible in three out of 17 studied specimens). Lip region continuous with body contour. Lips six, amalgamated, with six papilliform inner labial sensilla, small setose outer labial sensilla. Amphidial apertures elliptical, 4–5 µm from anterior end of stoma, at the base of cheilostom. Stoma 1.5 times longer than wide. Cheilostom spacious, barrel-shaped; cheilostomal walls thick, arched anteriorly, cheilostomal flaps eight. Gymnostom broader than long, anisotopic and anisomorphic – with dorsal wall shorter than subventrals. Stegostom anisotopic and anisomorphic. Dorsal metastegostomal wall with a medium-sized movable tooth, subventral walls provided with denticulate ridge. Procorpus muscular, 54–72 µm long with zipper-like lumen; median bulb round or ovoid, 16–21 µm long, strong muscular with thickened lumen, isthmus narrow, 21–37 µm long, conspicuously differentiated from median bulb. Basal bulb small, pyriform, glandular, 18–29 × 16–18 µm in dimension without any valve plate or grinder. Dorsal gland nucleus usually prominent, located near the base of the basal bulb. Nerve ring encircling isthmus in the middle, at 59–71% of pharyngeal length from anterior end. Hemizonid just below the level of nerve ring and anterior to excretory pore, at 66–75% of pharyngeal length. Excretory pore 69–79% of pharyngeal length, at anterior level of basal bulb. Cardia well-developed, 4–5 µm long, consisting of one dorsal and two ventro-sublateral flaps. Intestine composed of dark granulated cells with prominent nuclei, intestinal lumen uniformly wide without any bacterial pouch.</p><p>Reproductive system amphidelphic, anterior gonad on right side and posterior on left side of intestine. Both branches almost identical. Ovaries reversed. Oocytes with large nuclei, arranged in multiple rows in germinal zone and single row in maturation zone. Distal tips of ovaries not reaching vulva. Oviduct narrow, tubular and short. Spermatheca thin-walled, not distinctly demarcated, usually containing sperms. Uterus divisible into a longer glandular columella made up of large cells around a narrow lumen and smaller muscular uterus proper. Two pairs of large unicellular glands opening into uterus. Vagina narrow, tubular, 11–17 µm long about one-third of corresponding body diameter. Vulval opening relatively small, elliptical, flush with body contour or sometimes depressed. Vulva–anus distance 6.4–8.0 times vulval body diameter. Rectum 1.2–2.0 times anal body diameter. Anal opening wide, crescent-shaped. Phasmids located at about 1.3–1.9 anal body diameter posterior to anus. Tail filiform 1.2–1.8 times vulva–anus distance long, divided into two parts, a short conoid part and a long filamentous part.</p><p>Males. Similar to females in general morphology but smaller in size (572–728 µm). Anterior region with four small cephalic setae present posterior to circlet of six outer labials. Reproductive system monorchic, testis reflexed laterally, on right side of intestine. Spermatocytes arranged in two rows in anterior reflexed part; vas deferens a long tube with spermatocytes in the stage of transformation into immature spermatozoa, tapering to an ejaculatory duct. Spicules paired, cuticularized, arcuate, 1.4–1.6 times cloacal body diameter long. Manubrium oval connecting posteriorly to a calomus/lamina complex, lamina broad with a ventral conoid process, gradually tapering to fine tip with subterminal dorsal protuberance. Gubernaculum 45–65% of spicules length, proximally curved, provided with a small distal sleeve. Tail divided into two parts, a short conoid part and a long filamentous part. Genital sensilla setose in nine pairs constituting two precloacal, one adcloacal and six postcloacal pairs in the configuration of v1, v2, v3d/v4, ad, (v5, v6, v7), ph, pd. Precloacal pair v1 located above the spicule range, more than one cloacal body diameter anterior to cloaca; v2 adcloacal; v3d just anterior and v4 closely posterior to cloaca; ad less than one cloacal body diameter posterior to cloaca. v5 larger than v6 and v7. Phasmids pore-like, at the level of v5, 1.3–1.7 anal body diameter posterior to cloacal opening. pd subdorsal, far posterior to v5–v7 group.</p><p>Habitat and locality</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.063614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.929722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.063614/lat 27.929722)">The</a> present population of  Butlerius micans Pillai &amp; Taylor, 1968 was extracted from a sample of rotting banana rhizome collected at Aligarh Fort, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India at geographical coordinates 27°55ʹ47′′N, 78°03ʹ49′′E on 23 September 2019.</p><p>Voucher specimens</p><p>Fifteen females and 12 males on slides AMU/ZD/NC/  Butlerius micans /1–9 deposited in the nematode collection of  Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India  .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The original population of  B. micans, 1968 was collected from sludge drying bed of the Champaign–  Urbana Sanitary sewage treatment plant at Urbana, Illinois, USA. In the type slides of  B. micans, Pillai and Taylor (1968) described a large cheilostom divisible into two parts; anterior composed of eight movable plates and a more strongly cuticularised posterior part. They mentioned a large dorsal tooth on dorsal stegostomal wall but did not give any information about the subventral wall. Later; Mahamood (2014) collected another population of  B. micans from farmyard manure at  Aligarh, India. He reported a pointed tooth on the right and a denticulate plate on the left subventral stegostomal wall. In our study, SEM observations (Figure 5 (C)), provided for the first time, revealed the morphology of stoma with denticulate ridges on both subventral walls.</p><p>On comparing the loaned type specimens (Figure 6) with our specimens, sufficient evidence of similarity could be noticed. The morphological characteristics viz., structure of stoma, zipper-like structure in the pharyngeal lumen, shape of spicules, and gubernaculum of our specimens conform well with those studied by Pillai and Taylor (1968). Despite the opacity and flattening of type specimens in the loaned slide, the similarity of stomal armature indicated towards possibility of denticulate ridges on subventral walls. Conspicuous uterine glands (Figure 6 (E)) and the adcloacal male genital sensilla (Figure 6 (F)) could be observed, though not reported by Pillai and Taylor (1968) in the original description and also by Mahamood (2014). However, our population showed minor morphometric differences from the original population in having smaller individuals (L = 667–864 µm vs 980–1,250 µm in females and 572–728 µm vs 790–1,100 µm in males) and smaller b value (5.5–6.0 vs 6.7–8.1) in females. Compared with the population reported by Mahamood (2014), our specimens differ considerably in having thicker bodies (a = 22–29 µm vs 34–43 µm in females;17–20 µm vs 28– 34 µm in males), smaller males (L = 572–728 µm vs 803–997 µm), relatively shorter stoma (10– 13 µm vs 16–20 µm), smaller spicules (23–26 µm vs 31–35 µm) and adcloacal genital sensilla (present vs absent). The comparative study of the two populations reveal interesting results where their status as cryptic species cannot be overruled considering the geographic distance. However, a thorough testing is required at molecular level to ascertain the status of both our specimen and those from the type locality in USA. We, therefore, intend to take up this task in the future.</p><p>The present population of  B. micans differs markedly from the newly described population of  B. indicus sp. n. in having transverse and longitudinal cuticular striations forming a corncob pattern (vs cuticle finely-striated and punctated); amphidial aperture elliptical (vs large square-shaped); stoma with dorsal tooth and subventral serrated ridge (vs dorsal tooth and no subventral armature);males with slender,arcuate spicules with conspicuous ventral triangular process (Figure 3 (h)) (vs spicules plump with ventral conoid process inconspicuous, Figure 1 (g)); lamina gradually terminating into a pointed distal tip provided with a dorsal subterminal protuberance (vs distal end with fine ventral subterminal spur); and nine pairs of genital sensilla (constituting two precloacal,one adcloacal and six postcloacal pairs vs three precloacal and six postcloacal pairs in  B. indicus sp. n.).</p><p>Some outstanding differences between  B. micans Pillai and Taylor, 1968,  B. butleri; Goodey, 1929 and  B. degrissei; Grootaert and Jaques, 1979 in general morphology and morphometric values have been given hereunder. It can be easily differentiated from the closely related species by zipper-like lumen of corpus, structure of stoma and arrangement of genital papillae. It further differs from  B. butleri in the number of cheilostomal flaps (8 vs 6), size of stoma (10–13 µm vs 21–29 µm), shape of dorsal tooth (anteriorly-directed vs ventrally-directed), armature on subventral stegostomal walls (both walls provided with serrated ridge vs right subventral with a small tooth; left a smooth-edged plate) and arrangement of genital sensilla (both v5–7 cluster at the same level vs v5–7 cluster greatly separated, right subventral group at the level of pd). From  B. degrissei, it differs in the number of cheilostomal plates (8 vs 6), size of stoma (10–13 µm vs 22.4–24.5 µm), armature on subventral stegostomal walls (both walls provided with serrated ridge vs lacking armature), female reproductive system (amphidelphic vs monodelphic with a post–uterine sac), shape of spicules (broad lamina vs narrow lamina) and arrangement of genital sensilla (v2 adcloacal vs v2 above the spicule range).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461A87F9FFEEF26EFE09FEE699368705	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mumtaz, Sabia;Ahmad, Irfan;Tahseen, Qudsia	Mumtaz, Sabia, Ahmad, Irfan, Tahseen, Qudsia (2025): A new and a known species of the genus Butlerius Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from India and their relationship with congeners. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 171-193, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2441353
