identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
46783932FF9DFFA9DAE96599557AFA78.text	46783932FF9DFFA9DAE96599557AFA78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa albofasciata (BRULLE 1832)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA ALBOFASCIATA (BRULLÉ, 1832)</p>
            <p>  Italy,  Laghel , xerotherm slope, 19 October 2013, lgt. P.J., number of copulations = 1 </p>
            <p>The male began moving his palps (P_CR) after 0.4 min in the arena, and approached the female with B_JS and his front legs slightly spread, lifted and pointed forward, while performing L_P and O_TA. Female catalepsy: C_E. Courtship duration 5.53 min, copulation duration 3.16 min, five palpal insertions (one, five, three, three and one haematodochal expansion). Between insertions, the male performed O_Q and quivered his palps.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF9DFFA9DAE96599557AFA78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF9DFFAADB0B670754D1FAB1.text	46783932FF9DFFAADB0B670754D1FAB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa cuneata (CLERCK 1757)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA CUNEATA (CLERCK, 1757)</p>
            <p>Czech Republic, Komárkova lesostep, 8</p>
            <p>March 2014, lgt. P.J., forest steppe, number of copulations = 3</p>
            <p>The males began to court immediately (0.18 min latency in one case), with intensifying P_CR and B_JS. The males approached females with their body close to the substrate (B_C), with the front legs attracted to the body (L_A). After the male reached the female, he poked her with his swollen tibiae on leg I. Subsequently, the female bit both of the male’s tibiae alternately, once or twice. The bite lasted several seconds (0.20, 0.86 and 0.55 min). This represented a crucial moment in the courtship, because the female either allowed the male to copulate or lost interest. The female signalled to the male with an accepting posture by lifting her carapace and front legs off the ground. The male then attempted to climb onto the female’s back, with both spiders oriented ventrally with their carapaces and abdomens touching for a brief moment. When the male climbed onto the female’s back, the female became cataleptic (C_E). Courtship duration was 1.21, 16.00 and 4.26 min, with extremely long copulations compared with other species (2 h 6.86 min, 2 h 16.16 min and 1 h 33.75 min) and with more palpal insertions (12, 10 and 11). Each insertion was accompanied by a high number of haematodochal expansions (µ = 13, 11 and 13), and the overall number of expansions was 161, 110 and 142, respectively.</p>
            <p> ALOPECOSA FARINOSA (HERMAN, 1879) , CZECH POPULATION </p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Komárkova lesostep, stony forest steppe, 20 April 2013, lgt. PJ, Růžový vrch, vineyard terrace, 14 March 2014, coll. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 9 </p>
            <p> The males began to court immediately (0.83 min latency in one case), with intensifying P_CI. Throughout courtship, B_JS occurred and resulted in B_D and L_ R. The femur, patella and tibia of legs I pointed upwards, while the distal segments pointed slightly downwards. Female catalepsy was C_ E. Courtship duration was 1.23 min (SE = 0.33 min). The number of insertions was one to 16 (µ = 8; SE = 1.5), each usually (in seven out of nine males) with a single extremely long haematodochal expansion (maximum 0.86 min). The number of expansions was one to 28 (µ = 11.4; SE = 2.78), and the duration of copulation was 0.28–15.15 min (µ = 5.45 min; SE = 1.61 min). Between insertions, males performed O_Q and quivered their palps . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF9DFFAADB0B670754D1FAB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF9EFFAADAC2645B5339FB9B.text	46783932FF9EFFAADAC2645B5339FB9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa farinosa ITALIAN POPULATION	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA FARINOSA, ITALIAN POPULATION</p>
            <p>  Italy,  Nago , alpine meadow, 20 October 2013, lgt. P.J., number of copulations = 12 </p>
            <p> Males typically began to court immediately [four males were latent (0.06–0.30 min)], with intensifying P_CI. Throughout the entire courtship process, B_JS occurred and resulted in B_D and L_ R. The femur, patella and tibia of legs I pointed upwards together with the distal segments. The impact of legs I on the substrate was harder and faster than in the Czech population. Female catalepsy was C_ E. Courtship duration was 0.85–4.23 min (µ = 2.01 min; SE = 0.27 min). The number of insertions was one to 14 (µ = 7.5; SE = 1.2), with each insertion usually accompanied by a single, long haematodochal expansion (maximum 0.4 min). Multiple haematodochal expansion was recorded once (two expansions per insertion in one male). The number of expansions was 7.6 (SE = 1.19), and duration of copulation Q 1 = 3.18 min, Me = 4.05 min and Q 3 = 5.56 min. Between insertions, males performed O_Q and quivered their palps . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF9EFFAADAC2645B5339FB9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF9EFFAAD97465625253F991.text	46783932FF9EFFAAD97465625253F991.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa inquilina (CLERCK 1757)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA INQUILINA (CLERCK, 1757)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Proseč pod Ještědem, scarce pine forest, 27 October 2006, lgt. P.D., coll. National Museum (P6A 6119), number of copulations = 1 </p>
            <p>The male began courting after 9.90 min in the arena. Courtship was initiated with P_CI, and the male then approached the female with his front legs quivering and pointing forward (L_Q). The front leg closer to the female usually quivered more rapidly. After 15 min, the female fell into catalepsy (C_H) and allowed the male to mate with her. Copulation took 1.06 min and comprised three palpal insertions (seven, 11 and 12 rapid haematodochal expansions). For images, see DolejŠ &amp; Kůrka (2016).</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF9EFFAAD97465625253F991	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF9EFFA4D996676B54EFFED0.text	46783932FF9EFFA4D996676B54EFFED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa mariae (DAHL 1908)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA MARIAE (DAHL, 1908)</p>
            <p>  Slovakia,  Medveďov , grass steppe, 27 September 2014, lgt. P.D., number of copulations = 2 </p>
            <p> The first male began to court immediately and the second after 4.30 min. Palpal movement (P_CR) was inconspicuous, with the front legs pointed forward and raised horizontally (unlike  A. striatipes ) while performing L_Q. When close to the females, the males began with </p>
            <p>B_C, body crawling; B_D, body dropping; B_H, body hopping; B_JS, body (jerky steps); B_SW, body sideways walking; C_E, catalepsy (exposed legs); C_H, catalepsy (hidden legs); L_A, leg attracting; L_P, leg pumping; L_Q, leg quivering; L_R, leg raising; L_T, leg tapping; L_W, leg waving; O_Q, ophistosomal quivering; O_TA, ophistosomal tapping; P_CI, palps (cymbial circling); P_CR, palps (cymbial rubbing).</p>
            <p>sideways steps (B_SW). After courtship, which took 1.83 and 0.20 min, females fell into catalepsy (C_E), and males climbed onto their backs. Copulations were rapid (0.13 and 0.11 min), with two palpal insertions and one haematodochal expansion each. The opisthosomal movement (O_Q) of the males was subtle.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF9EFFA4D996676B54EFFED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF90FFA4DAD360A85463FBA0.text	46783932FF90FFA4DAD360A85463FBA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa pinetorum (THORELL 1856)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA PINETORUM (THORELL, 1856)</p>
            <p>Czech Republic, Hraniční louka, peat bog, 7</p>
            <p>May 2015, 25 May 2015, lgt. P.J., number of copulations = 3</p>
            <p>Males began courting after a long period (0.91, 5.03 and 3.20 min), through P_CI. Jerky steps and pedal movements of the males were subtle and inconspicuous and were followed by L_P and by dragging their opisthosomata on the surface, which produced an audible noise. When close to females, males made sideways steps (B_SW) and bent their front legs (L_A). After 7.56, 5.88 and 6.60 min, respectively, females fell into catalepsy (C_H) and the mating began. Copulations were very short (0.01, 0.26 and 0.16 min), with two or three palpal insertions, each with one to eight rapid haematodochal expansions. The sum of all haematodochal expansions in one mating was three, 14 and 14. The opisthosomal movements (O_Q) of the males during copulation were inconspicuous.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF90FFA4DAD360A85463FBA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF90FFA4DAD365585426F9F2.text	46783932FF90FFA4DAD365585426F9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa psammophila BUCHAR 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA PSAMMOPHILA BUCHAR, 2001</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Military training ground Bzenec NR, sandy steppe, 5 October 2011, 7 October 2013, lgt. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 5 </p>
            <p> Males began to court immediately (0.30 min latency in one case), with intensifying P_CI. When close to females, males performed L_ LS and L_ Q. Female catalepsy was C_ H. Courtship was long, at 0.40–13.43 min (µ = 7.21 min; SE = 2.46 min). The duration of copulation was 7.76– 21.01 min, µ = 945 min, SE = 3.33 min. The number of insertions was between two and 18 (µ = 84; SE = 2.78), each insertion usually with a single long (0.16–0.50 min) haematodochal expansion (number of expansions = 11.4; SE = 5.32). Multiple haematodochal expansions per insertion were recorded in only one male (µ = 1.78 expansions per insertion). Between insertions, males cleaned their palps with chelicerae and performed O_Q . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF90FFA4DAD365585426F9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF90FFA4DAC0678D55C7FD02.text	46783932FF90FFA4DAC0678D55C7FD02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa pulverulenta (CLERCK 1757)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA PULVERULENTA (CLERCK, 1757)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Starý Brunst , mountain meadow, 9 May 2013, lgt. P.D., Frauenthal, 8 May 2013, coll. P.D., number of copulations = 3 </p>
            <p>  Males began to court with P_CR immediately after being placed in the arena, and one male was latent (1.75 min). Males approached females with L_A, B_JS, B_C, B_D and O_ TA. After courtship (2.36, 4.46 and 2.96 min), females became cataleptic (C_E). The copulations of  A. pulverulenta comprised a high number of haematodochal expansions. The first pair copulated for 4.16 min, and six palpal insertions with 21 haematodochal expansions (one to six expansions per insertion) occurred during copulation. Copulation in the second pair lasted 28.33 min and was accompanied by five insertions, each with 19–65 haematodochal expansions, totalling 225 haematodochal expansions. The third pair copulated for 31.70 min, and 28 insertions with 210 haematodochal expansions (one to 20 expansions per insertion) occurred. During copulation, males quivered their opisthosomata (O_Q)  . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF90FFA4DAC0678D55C7FD02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF90FFA4D98563FD5508FB7E.text	46783932FF90FFA4D98563FD5508FB7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa schmidti (HAHN 1835)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA SCHMIDTI (HAHN, 1835)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Svatý Kopeček , 13 March 2014, lgt. P.J., Military training ground Bzenec NR, 17 October 2013, lgt. P.J., number of copulations = 2 </p>
            <p>Males began to court 1.03 and 0.66 min after introduction into the arena. Palpal movement (P_CI) was intensive and escalated in B_JS and L_Q. Females responded offensively, and in both cases, a wrestle occurred before the females became cataleptic (C_H). Courtship lasted for 0.50 and 1.38 min, respectively. Copulations took 0.91 and 1.25 min, and comprised two and three palpal insertions (with nine and five haematodochal expansions in the first pair and with three, ten and 15 in the second pair). The males quivered their opisthosomata intensively (O_Q).</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF90FFA4D98563FD5508FB7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF90FFA4D970643955D0F8F0.text	46783932FF90FFA4D970643955D0F8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa solitaria (HERMAN 1879)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA SOLITARIA (HERMAN, 1879)</p>
            <p>Czech Republic, Mutěnice vineyard terrace,</p>
            <p>9 October 2014, lgt. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 9</p>
            <p>Courtship was delayed in all males (0.08–2.58 min; Me = 1.25 min). Courting was composed of P_CI, O_TA, B_JS and L_W and lasted 0.13–9.06 min (µ = 2.66 min; SE = 0.93 min). Subsequently, females fell into catalepsy (C_H), which enabled males to begin extremely long copulations (18.01 min to 2 h 4.48 min; µ = 1 h 39.06 min; SE = 13.35 min). Palpal insertions (12–36; µ = 23.50; SE = 2.58) usually had a long duration (in six out of nine cases), with a single haematodochal expansion. The total number of haematodochal expansions per copulation ranged between 12 and 47 (µ = 26; SE = 3.66). After each insertion, males cleaned their palps and slowly moved their opisthosomata horizontally (O_Q).</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF90FFA4D970643955D0F8F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF91FFA5DB0B61DD5572FD38.text	46783932FF91FFA5DB0B61DD5572FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa striatipes (KOCH 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA STRIATIPES (KOCH, 1837)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Dunajovické kopce, grass steppe, 12 August 2011, Ptáčov, grass steppe, 9 October 2014, lgt. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 3 </p>
            <p> After being placed in the arena, all three males began to court immediately by P_CR and approached females with rapid jerky steps (B_JS). Their front legs (unlike  A. mariae ) were raised, pointing slightly upwards, and performed L_Q. The type of catalepsy was C_H, and courtship took 1.33, 15.63 and 8.06 min, respectively. Copulations lasted for 2.60, 3.86 and 0.38 min and were accompanied by two, four and three palpal insertions, with one to three haematodochal expansions each. The sum of all expansions was four, five and seven. During copulation, males quivered their opisthosomata (O_Q). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF91FFA5DB0B61DD5572FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF91FFA5DB0163C554DFFA28.text	46783932FF91FFA5DB0163C554DFFA28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa sulzeri (PAVESI 1873)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA SULZERI (PAVESI, 1873)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Komárkova lesostep, stony forest steppe, 6 May 2011, 17 May 2012, lgt. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 8 </p>
            <p> Males typically began courting immediately, and only three males were latent (0.93, 1.43 and 3.05 min). The courtship of  A. sulzeri was not continuous (as in other  Alopecosa species ) but was performed in cycles composed of the same courtship elements, which intensified in each cycle. Each cycle began with P_CI and graduated in intensifying B_JS. The front legs were raised (L_W), with palps and body touching the substrate (B_D). Each cycle was followed by a few seconds of inactivity. Average courtship duration was 3.97 min (SE = 1.01 min). Females often fell into catalepsy (C_E) without being in physical contact with males, and they lay on their side before mating in some cases (N = 4). Copulations were extremely short, taking 2–9 s (µ = 4.8 s; SE = 0.74 s), always with one palpal insertion on each side; each insertion was accompanied by a single haematodochal expansion. The opisthosomal quivering (O_Q) of the males was very rapid. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF91FFA5DB0163C554DFFA28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF91FFA5DB0164D35291FDEF.text	46783932FF91FFA5DB0164D35291FDEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa taeniata (KOCH 1835)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA TAENIATA (KOCH, 1835)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Klikvová louka NR, peat bog, 28 May 2013, lgt. P.J., number of copulations = 11 </p>
            <p> Six males began courtship immediately after being placed in the arena, and  five males were latent (0.15– 9.13 min). Courtship was introduced by P_CR, followed by B_C with L_A, alternating with L_ T. After first contact, males slightly altered the manner of courting and began to jump (B_H) towards females, which responded defensively by raising their front legs. In the final phase of courtship, males jumped directly in front of females, and a short wrestle occurred. Subsequently, both spiders were oriented almost vertically, with the ventral side of their bodies facing each other.Thereafter, males climbed onto the females’ backs, which caused the females to fall into catalepsy (C_E). The courtship took 1.31–9.63 min (Q 1 = 2.21 min; Me = 2.93 min; Q 3 = 7.70 min). Copulations (taking 0.80–28.26 min; Q 1 = 1.91 min; Me = 3.61 min; Q 3 = 8.60 min) typically comprised a few palpal insertions (two to 13; Q 1 = 2; Me = 3; Q 3 = 5.5) and a high number of haematodochal expansions (24–107; µ = 58; SE = 8.43). Each insertion was accompanied by one to 33 (µ = 15.6) haematodochal expansions. During copulation, males rapidly quivered their opisthosomata (O_Q). A total of four males were cannibalized after mating. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF91FFA5DB0164D35291FDEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
46783932FF91FFA6D99D639154BAFBD7.text	46783932FF91FFA6D99D639154BAFBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopecosa trabalis (CLERCK 1757)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ALOPECOSA TRABALIS (CLERCK, 1757)</p>
            <p>  Czech Republic,  Komárkova lesostep, forest steppe, 5 May 2011, 17 May 2011, lgt. P.J., P.D., number of copulations = 7 </p>
            <p> Five males began to court immediately, whereas two were latent (1.38 and 3.08 min). Courtship was initiated by escalating palpal movements (P_CR), which resulted in B_JS with B_D and A_ T.The front legs were raised, pointed forward, and occasionally dropped to the substrate. After courtship, which took µ = 5.16 min (SE = 2.01 min), females fell into catalepsy (C_E) and males began to mate. The copulations lasted for 0.91–8.00 min (µ = 3.98 min; SE = 0.88 min) and were composed of one to six (µ = 3.4; SE = 0.72) palpal insertions, with an average of 19.4 expansions per insertion (SE = 2.64). The total number of expansions was very high, ranging from 25 to 124 (µ = 66.7; SE = 11.31). The opisthosomal movement (O_Q) of the males was inconspicuous, and females sometimes woke up from the catalepsy during copulation and walked around the arena with males still copulating on their backs . </p>
            <p>PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES</p>
            <p>Specimen information and GenBank accession codes for the sequences analysed in this study are listed in Table 1. The final concatenated supermatrix comprised 31 taxa and 1539 characters, including a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI (611 characters, 207 variables) and two nuclear genes: H3 (346 characters, 90 variables) and 28S (582 characters retained after removing ambiguously aligned positions, 286 variables). The best partition scheme selected by PartitionFinder contained five partitions and the following evolutionary models: HKY+G was assigned to the first COI position, HKY+G to the second, and F81+I to the third COI position. Both 28S and the first position of H3 were combined in a single partition with the GTR+G model. The combined second and third positions of H3 were assigned with the JC model.</p>
            <p> Preliminary ML analyses conducted on individual gene fragments did not reveal any incongruence in the topology of the supported clades (Supporting Information, Fig. S1), However, the support values were low for deeper nodes in both the COI and H3 tree topologies. In the concatenated analyses, both ML (−lnL = 9741.5) and BI analyses yielded the same topology (Supporting Information, Fig. S2). The tree obtained in the BI analyses, with both Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap supports, is shown in Figure 2. Neither of the methods used in this study recovered the monophyly of  Alopecosa . In both analyses, the genus was split into two distinct clades (clades ‘1’ and ‘2’). Clade 1 contained  A. kochi and the Czech and Italian populations of  A. farinosa (  ‘ fabrilis ’ group) and was recovered, with high support, as sister to a clade containing  Geolycosa ,  Rabidosa and all representatives of the subfamily  Pardosinae (  Pardosa and  Draposa species ). The remaining  Alopecosa species included in the analyses were placed in a monophyletic clade (clade 2), which was recovered (albeit with low support) as sister to the genera  Hogna and  Trochosa . Furthermore,  A. sulzeri was recovered as a sister group to all of the taxa included in clade 2. The monophyly of the  ‘ striatipes ’ and  ‘ fabrilis ’ groups was not recovered. The clade containing individuals from both groups and  A. psammophila was recovered with high support in both analyses, but some within-clade relationships were supported only in the BI analyses. Moreover, individuals belonging to the  ‘ pulverulenta ’ group formed a clade supported by both analyses. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46783932FF91FFA6D99D639154BAFBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Just, Pavel;Opatova, Vera;Dolejš, Petr	Just, Pavel, Opatova, Vera, Dolejš, Petr (2018): Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039-1056
