taxonID	type	description	language	source
3D1A87A6FF9BFFFAFF670B64FB48D88B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Stygnus vesicularis Gervais, 1844, by monotypy. Species included. Timesius vesicularis (Gervais, 1844) and Timesius paramuno sp. nov.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9BFFFAFF670B64FB48D88B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia: Tolima department, Central Cordillera.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9BFFFAFF670B64FB48D88B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Timesius has a very distinctive zeta body shape (Figs. 2 A – D, 3 A – D) and swollen male basitarsus III (Fig. 5 A, B) when compared to the other Nomoclastinae genera, in which the body is rounded and male tarsomeres are about the same size. The scutal areas I, II, IV, posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites are unarmed; scutal area III has paired armature, short or long, adjacent to each other and directed backwards (Fig. 3 A – D), differing from other genera of the subfamily, which present a pair of long and separated spines on area III and free tergites with paired armature (Callcosma, Kichua Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo, 2017, and Quindina, see Kury & Villarreal 2015; Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo 2017), or only free tergites with unpaired armature (Napostygnus Roewer, 1929, see Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2012 and Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo 2017). Penis (based on Timesius paramuno sp. nov.) does not have a conspicuous dorsal process (present only in Napostygnus see Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2012; Fig. 3 B – C) (Fig. 6 A); the ventral plate is somewhat similar to Napostygnus in shape and the macrosetae C are placed more medially (Fig. 6 B), instead of laterally as in most species of the subfamily.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9CFFF8FF670B90FE59DE43.taxon	description	Figs. 2 A – B, 3 A – B, 4 A – B, 5 A	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9CFFF8FF670B90FE59DE43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, from Colombia, Tolima Department, Nevado del Tolima [Pic Tolima], M. J. Goudot leg. (collector stated in the original publication, not on labels), dried and pinned, most appendages missing (NHM 010305625) [examined]. This specimen, first deposited in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), was studied by Roewer (1913) but Pinto-da-Rocha (1997) reported it as lost; it was rediscovered by the senior author in the NHM dry collection and given an accession number. Four original labels pinned with the type: “ Columbia ”; “ Stygnus vesicularis, Stygne vesiculaire, Pic Tolima, regione frigidissima ”; “ Stygnus ”; “ S. vesicularis Gervais ”; and a printed one: “ Stygnus vesicularis Gervais ”. Habitat. The specific ecosystem where this species occurs is unknown. However, one original label provides some insights: “ Pic Tolima, regione frigidissima ”. This information suggests that the most probable locality is the Nevado del Tolima, a high Andean (max. elevation 5,216 m a. s. l.) glaciated stratovolcano located in the Cordillera Central, Colombia. It is part of the National Natural Park “ Los Nevados ” and comprises diverse high Andean ecosystems, including the Páramo (Mora et al. 1995). The reference “ regione frigidissima ” [very cold region] suggests that the species may have been collected in the Páramo like T. paramuno. The Nevado del Tolima, where T. vesicularis is presumably distributed, is part of the same mountain range, Cordillera Central, as the type locality of T. paramuno.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9CFFF8FF670B90FE59DE43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Timesius vesicularis can be distinguished from T. paramuno sp. nov. by having two long spines on area III of dorsal scutum (Figs. 2 B, D, 3 B, D) (two short and separated tubercles in T. paramuno) and small whitish-yellow granules on ocularium and dorsal scutum (Figs. 2 B, D) (vestigial whitish-yellow granules in T. paramuno).	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9CFFF8FF670B90FE59DE43.taxon	description	Description of the male holotype (NHM 010305625). Measurements. Dorsal scutum: maximal width: 4; total length: 6.2; carapace length: 2.6; carapace width: 2.7. Coloration (Figs. 2 A – B). Body color reddish-brown with small whitish-yellow granules on ocularium, prosoma, opisthosoma, dorsal scutum, free tergites, and anal operculum; prosoma with a posterior median crossshaped whitish-yellow spot; coxa IV with whitish-yellow granules in lateral view. The chelicerae, pedipalps, and legs are the same color as the body. Dorsum (Figs. 3 A – B). Dorsal scutum shape zeta, anterior margin without armature and posterior margin convex. Ocularium with three granules on each side, close to the eyes; prosoma with four granules, in two pairs, posterior to eyes; frontal hump same height as ocularium; sulcus between prosoma and opisthosoma evident in dorsal view; integumentary dome of ozopore not pronounced. Area I divided with one median tubercle on each half; area II undivided, with a row of four granules; area III with two adjacent large spines, sharp and strongly directed backwards; area III with four granules, equidistant from each other. Sulci between areas evident in the dorsal view. Free tergite I with nine granules, II with 10 granules, III with nine granules, some of the granules with an apical seta. Venter. Genital operculum appearing smooth, anal operculum with granules, some with apical setae. Chelicerae. Segment I smooth except for three retro-dorsal granules on the posterior margin of the bulla and various setae. Movable finger with four teeth (middle two being the largest) and fixed finger with five teeth (the three most basal being the largest). Pedipalps (Figs. 4 A – B). Coxae with three ventral tubercles, the two basal most sharing a base. Trochanter with two dorsal and two ventral tubercles (distal one larger). Femur with one prolateral subapical large setiferous tubercle. Femur-tibia smooth on the dorsal surface. Tibia retrolateral iiiIii, prolateral iiII. Tarsus retrolateral IiIi, prolateral IIIi. Tarsal claw same length as tarsus. Legs. Some legs are missing from the holotype. Leg I is complete on both sides; legs II only remain up to the femur, and there is only one complete but detached leg III (not known what side it belongs to). No article beyond coxae of leg IV is left. Coxae I: nine small tubercles ventrally, one prolateral and one retrolateral tubercle; II with one larger prolateral tubercle before ozopore, one retrolateral largefused to one from III, ventrally smooth; III with one prolateral tubercle fused to IV, ventrally smooth; IV with two small tubercles on dorsal subapical region, ventrally smooth. Legs with small, scattered tubercles; femora I – III unarmed. Tarsal formula: 6 (3):?: 4:?. Metatarsus I without metatarsal carinate setae (MtCS). Leg III with four proximal tarsal segments fused; fusion enlarged dorsally and at least three times the width of the rest of the tarsi (Fig. 5 A). Tarsal claws III – IV smooth. Male genitalia. Unknown.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9EFFF7FF670862FAD5DED3.taxon	description	Figs. 2 C – D, 3 C – D, 4 C – E, 5 B, 6 A – C, 7	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9EFFF7FF670862FAD5DED3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype: Colombia, Caldas Department. Villamaria, Vereda Laguna Negra, 4 ° 59 ' 24.2 " N 75 ° 19 ' 57.9 " W, 3,812 m a. s. l., 11 – 13. v. 2014, J. Moreno leg., manual capture (AMNH IZC _ 00171731). Female paratype: same locality as the holotype (different sampling site), 4 ° 59 ' 37.7 " N 75 ° 19 ' 51.7 " W, 3,759 m a. s. l., 13 – 15. v. 2014, J. Moreno leg., manual capture (AMNH IZC _ 00171732). Habitat. The type specimens were collected in the Páramo ecosystem, an alpine ecosystem that can be found at high altitudes (> 3,000 m a. s. l.) in the Andean mountain range. This ecosystem is essential to regulate surface and groundwater and is characterized by high annual rainfall, low temperature, Histic Andosols, and the unique páramo vegetation, including abundant Espeletia spp. (Asteraceae), a dominant and characteristic plant of this ecosystem (Fig. 7; Luteyn 1999; Buytaert et al. 2006). Individuals were collected inside rotten leaves of a fallen Espeletia sp.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9EFFF7FF670862FAD5DED3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective in regional Spanish language (i. e., an Americanism) referring to a native from the Páramo. The name it is treated as indeclinable.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9EFFF7FF670862FAD5DED3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Timesius paramuno sp. nov. can be distinguished from T. vesicularis by having two short and separated tubercles on area III of dorsal scutum (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 C – D) (two long spines in T. vesicularis) and a few vestigial whitish-yellow granules on ocularium and dorsal scutum (Figs. 2 C – D) (small whitish-yellow granules in T. vesicularis).	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
3D1A87A6FF9EFFF7FF670862FAD5DED3.taxon	description	Description of the male holotype (AMNH IZC _ 00171731). Measurements. Dorsal scutum; maximal width: 3.95; total length: 5.2; carapace length: 2.3; width 3.0. Femur IV length: 4.4. Coloration (ethanol 70 %) (Figs. 2 C – D). Body color brownish-yellow with infuscate black areas, and a few vestigial whitish-yellow granules on ocularium, prosoma, opisthosoma, free tergites, and anal operculum. Free tergite III and anal operculum much darker than the rest of the body. Coxae I – IV light yellow with small black spots. Chelicerae, pedipalps, and other segments of legs are the same color as the body. Dorsum (Figs. 3 C – D). Dorsal scutum shape zeta, anterior margin without armature, only with very small granules, posterior margin convex. Ocularium with three granules on each side, close to the eyes; prosoma with one pair of granules posterior to eyes; frontal hump lower than ocularium; sulcus between prosoma and opisthosoma evident in dorsal view; integumentary dome of ozopore not pronounced. Area I smooth and undivided, area II with one median granule on each half; area III with two short tubercles directed backwards, and five additional granules spaced posteriorly to tubercles; area IV with one pair of granules. Sulci between areas evident in dorsal view. Free tergite I with nine granules, II with 11 granules, III with seven granules, some of the granules with an apical seta. Venter. Genital operculum appearing smooth, anal operculum with granules, some with apical setae. Chelicerae (Fig. 4 C). Segment I smooth except for three retrodorsal granules on the posterior margin of the bulla and various setae. Movable finger with four teeth (medial two being the largest) and fixed finder with five teeth (the three basalmost being the largest). Pedipalps (Figs. 4 D – E). Coxa with one ventral tubercle. Trochanter with three dorsal tubercles and single ventral tubercle. Femur with one prolateral subapical large setiferous tubercle. Femur and tibia without small dorsal tubercles. Tibia retrolateral IiiIii, prolateral iIi. Tarsus retrolateral IiIi, prolateral IiIiI. Tarsal claw same length as tarsus. Legs. Coxa I with one prolateral and one large retrolateral tubercles, with nine ventral tubercles; II with one large prolateral tubercle before ozopore, one large retrolateral tubercle fused to one from III, ventrally smooth; III with one prolateral fused to II and one retrolateral fused to IV, ventrally smooth; IV with two tubercles on dorsal subapical region, ventrally smooth. Rest of the legs I to IV with scattered small tubercles; femora I – IV unarmed. Tarsal formula: 6 (3): 15 (3): 4: 7. Metatarsus I without metatarsal carinate setae (MtCS). Leg III with four proximal tarsal segments fused; fusion enlarged dorsally and at least three times the width of the rest of the tarsi (Fig. 5 B). Tarsal claws III – IV smooth. Male genitalia (Figs. 6 A – C). Laterals of ventral plate sinuous, middle part slightly enlarged; apical margin sinuous with middle portion extended further than lateral ones. Three dorsal pairs of long and apically curved distal setae (group C); two ventral pairs of short setae (group E), E 1 between C 2 and C 3, and E 2 basal to C 3; two dorsal pairs of long and slender setae, directed ventrally (group A), and one basal medium sized pair of setae (group B). Glans long, stylus very short, with swollen seminal opening. Female paratype (AMNH IZC _ 00171732). Measurements. Dorsal scutum; maximal width: 4.1; total length: 5.3; carapace length: 2.5; width: 2.9. Femur IV length: 4.3. Dorsal scutum shape zeta, anterior margin unarmed, posterior margin convex. Ocularium with three granules on each side, close to the eyes. Area III with two tubercles, smaller than male. Free tergite I with nine tubercles, II with 11 tubercles, III with 10 tubercles. Cheliceral fingers with three teeth each. Pedipalpal femur with three ventral tubercles. Tibia retrolateral IiiIii, prolateral iIi. Tarsus retrolateral and prolateral IiIi. Tarsal formula: 6 (3): 13 (3): 7: 7. Basitarsi I and III are about the same height as distitarsi.	en	Damron, Brittany, Moreno-González, Jairo A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2025): Systematic placement of the enigmatic genus Timesius Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Nomoclastidae), with description of a new species from the Colombian Andes. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 381-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.5
