identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B516E6D03FDD5DA598F2C63F871DDA42.text	B516E6D03FDD5DA598F2C63F871DDA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yunohamella gutenbergi R. Zhong, J. Liu & Hu 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Yunohamella gutenbergi R. Zhong, J. Liu &amp; Hu sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 2, 10</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype • male: China, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Changtanhe Dong Autonomous Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.75/lat 30.08)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.08">Shanyangxi</a>
                 ; 30.08 ° N, 109.75 ° E; elev. 810 m; 3 July 2023; Changhao Hu &amp; Mian Wei leg. (CBEE, QZMS 01049). 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species is named after the geophysicist “ Beno Gutenberg ” who found the “ core-mantle discontinuity ”, the boundary between the mantle and the core of Earth.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Males of  Y. gutenbergi R. Zhong, J. Liu &amp; Hu ,  sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners in having a unique 2 - shaped curved sperm duct on the tegulum and a filiform, curved embolus (Fig. 2 A – C). Females are unknown. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male (holotype) measurements: total length 2.37. Carapace 1.10 long, 0.94 wide. Abdomen 1.29 long, 0.90 wide. Eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME – AME 0.07, AME – ALE 0.04, PME – PME 0.06, PME – PLE 0.08, AME – PME 0.10, ALE – PLE 0.00. Measurements of legs [leg II missing]: I — (2.98, —, —, —, —), III 4.09 (1.38, 0.30, 0.86, 1.05, 0.50), IV 5.12 (1.79, 0.32, 1.35, 1.36, 0.30).</p>
            <p>Carapace round, brown, and with a narrow, trapezoid, black mark between head region and median furrow; radial furrow black. Sternum shaped like an inverted triangle and brown. Chelicerae and legs orange. Abdomen oval; dorsally black, with a longitudinal mark composed of white and red spots; venter dark brown; anterior part of genital groove and anterior part of spinnerets black; lateral abdomen with several white spots. Spinnerets dark brown (Fig. 1 A – C).</p>
            <p>Cymbium reniform. Cymbial hood longitudinal, almost ½ length of cymbium. Subtegulum bowl-shaped. Tegulum with a narrow prolateral part and a large retrolateral part; retrolateral part with a thin area that holds embolic base; sperm duct half surrounds thin area, and extends as 2 - shaped, then straight down. Median apophysis lamellar. Tegular apophysis irregular. Length of median apophysis and tegular apophysis almost as long as width of bulb. Conductor sclerotized, with a triangular terminal apophysis. Embolus filiform and curved, with a lamellar base (Fig. 2 A – D).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B516E6D03FDD5DA598F2C63F871DDA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Zhong, Yang;Zhang, He;Liu, Jie;Liu, Changyong;Chen, Kuai;Hu, Changhao	Zhong, Rui, Zhong, Yang, Zhang, He, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes on the genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China, with two new species. ZooKeys 1224: 69-85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.138987
03DF88AD1C53560AA6865A5E65F05E7E.text	03DF88AD1C53560AA6865A5E65F05E7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yunohamella jiugongensis (Liu & Zhong 2023) Zhong & Zhong & Zhang & Liu & Liu & Chen & Hu 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Yunohamella jiugongensis (Liu &amp; Zhong, 2023) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 5, 6, 10</p>
            <p> Cryptachaea jiugongensis Liu and Zhong in Liu et al. 2023: 98, figs 1 A – F, 2 A – E.</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>
                 (examined).   Holotype • male: China, Hubei Province: Xianning City, Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.65/lat 29.39)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.39">Yunzhonghu scenic spot</a>
                 ; 29.39 ° N, 114.65 ° E; elev. 1230 m; 27 June 2021; Yang Zhong, Feng Lu, Han Dong &amp; Jiangwei Zheng leg. (HUST, ZY 2024001)  .  Paratypes • 2 females, same data as holotype (HUST, ZY 2024002) . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> For males, see the above diagnosis under  Y. mohorovicici sp. nov. Males of  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. are also similar to those of  Y. palmgreni (compare Fig. 5 C – E with Marusik and Tsellarius 1986: figs 1, 2) in having an n-shaped sperm duct on the tegulum and a thick embolus, but  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. can be distinguished from  Y. palmgreni by the following: conductor arising from the retrolateral part of the tegulum at the 2 o’clock position; and embolus curved (vs conductor arising from the retrolateral part of tegulum at the 12 o’clock position and embolus straight in  Y. palmgreni ). Females of  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. are similar to those of  Y. serpatusa (Guan &amp; Zhu, 1993) (compare Fig. 6 C, D with Esyunin and Efimik 1996: figs 3–5) in having a blunt scapus and the copulatory ducts almost as long as the diameter of the spermathecae, but  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. can be distinguished from  Y. serpatusa by the parallel copulatory ducts (vs not parallel in  Y. serpatusa ). Females of  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. are also similar to those of  Y. yunohamensis (Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906) (compare Fig. 6 C – D with Yoshida 2003: figs 233, 234) in having a scapus and copulatory ducts almost as long as the diameter of the spermathecae, but  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. can be distinguished from  Y. yunohamensis by having an obtuse scapus and straight, parallel copulatory ducts (vs scapus with two rounded ends and copulatory ducts curved and not parallel in  Y. yunohamensis ). </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Male, measurements: total length 1.77. Carapace 0.88 long, 0.76 wide. Abdomen 0.89 long, 0.77 wide. Eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.06, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07, AME – AME 0.06, AME – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.06, PME – PLE 0.02, ALE – PLE 0.02. Measurements of legs [legs I and IV missing]: II 3.36 (0.86, 0.30, 0.79, 0.93, 0.48), III 2.14 (0.67, 0.20, 0.38, 0.55, 0.34).</p>
            <p>Carapace light brown, with black radial furrow. Sternum shaped like an inverted triangle and light brown. Chelicerae, labium, and endites brown. Legs yellow to orange. Abdomen black, with long hairs; dorsum with a grey longitudinal mark and some white spots; posterior dorsum with grey transverse marks; median band of ventral abdomen darker than the other bands. Spinnerets orange (Fig. 5 A, B).</p>
            <p>Subtegulum bowl-shaped. Tegulum with a narrow prolateral part and a large retrolateral part; retrolateral part with a thin area that holds embolic base; sperm duct narrowly n-shaped; tegulum with a sharp, tooth-like apophysis in ventral view. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis triangular in ventral view. Conductor sclerotized, with knife-shaped end. Embolus corn-like, thick, and curved (Fig. 5 C – E).</p>
            <p>Female, measurements: total length 3.53. Carapace 1.32 long, 1.16 wide. Abdomen 2.21 long, 1.81 wide. Eyes: AME 0.11, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.12, AME – AME 0.07, AME – ALE 0.06, PME – PME 0.07, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.02. Measurements of legs: I 7.90 (2.30, 0.42, 2.31, 2.09, 0.78), II 4.85 (1.45, 0.38, 1.22, 1.23, 0.57), III 3.08 (0.87, 0.26, 0.75, 0.66, 0.54), IV 5.56 (1.56, 0.53, 1.29, 1.51, 0.67). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III.</p>
            <p>Carapace brown, with median band of carapace lighter than the rest of the carapace. Sternum brown. Abdomen light grey; dorsum with irregular black marks; posterior-lateral part of genital groove with black transverse bands, a rounded and two triangular black marks located around spinnerets. Other characters of habitus as for male (Fig. 6 A, B).</p>
            <p>Epigyne with a blunt scape; copulatory openings located medially at scape. Copulatory ducts straight and parallel, almost as long as diameter of spermathecae. Spermathecae spherical. Fertilization ducts thin, long, almost ½ diameter of spermathecae, and arising posteriorly from spermathecae (Fig. 6 C, D).</p>
            <p>Natural history.</p>
            <p>This species inhabits bushes.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> The justification for the removal of  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. from  Cryptachaea is supported by its distinct differences from diagnostic characteristics for  Cryptachaea , particularly the median apophysis attached to the embolus and the absence of a tegular apophysis, a defining character for the genus  Cryptachaea (Yoshida 2008; Rodrigues and Poeta 2015). In contrast, the male palp of  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. exhibits the presence of tegular apophysis. The species is placed into  Yunohamella based on similarities of the palpal structures, specifically conductor conjugated with a large tegulum (Fig. 5 C – E). This species also shares similarities in the epigynal structures with  Yunohamella , specifically the presence of a blunt scapus (Fig. 6 C, D), as well as similarities in the dark abdomen (Figs 5 A, B, 6 A, B). Consequently, we transfer  C. jiugongensis from  Cryptachaea to  Yunohamella as a new combination. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF88AD1C53560AA6865A5E65F05E7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Zhong, Yang;Zhang, He;Liu, Jie;Liu, Changyong;Chen, Kuai;Hu, Changhao	Zhong, Rui, Zhong, Yang, Zhang, He, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes on the genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China, with two new species. ZooKeys 1224: 69-85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.138987
04FE2A051C735331899CDABEDE93DFB5.text	04FE2A051C735331899CDABEDE93DFB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer 1841)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Yunohamella lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841)</p>
            <p>Figs 7, 8, 9, 10</p>
            <p> Theridion lyricum Walckenaer, 1841: 288 ; Archer 1946: 43; Levi 1957: 89, figs 322–323, 329–331; Yoshida 1987: 13, figs 1, 2; Yoshida 1989: 318, fig. 4 P – R; Chikuni 1989: 44, fig. 64; Kim and Kim 2001: 155, fig. 2 A – I; Namkung 2002: 96, fig. 13.14 a, b; Paquin and Dupérré 2003: 223, figs 2494–2496. </p>
            <p> Theridion lyra Hentz, 1850: 279, pl. 9, fig. 21; Keyserling 1884: 50, pl. 2, fig. 28; Kaston 1948: 106, figs 132, 153, 154.</p>
            <p> Theridion kentuckyense Keyserling, 1884: 78 , pl. 4, fig. 47; Banks 1892: 30, pl. 5, fig. 43; Emerton 1909: 180, pl. 1, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> Theridion mneon Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906: 142, pl. 12, fig. 286.</p>
            <p> Allotheridion lyricum : Archer 1950: 20. </p>
            <p> Takayus lyricus : Yoshida 2001: 167; Namkung 2003: 98, fig. 13.14 a, b; Yoshida 2003: 97, figs 239–242, 530. </p>
            <p> Keijia mneon : Yoshida 2001: 172. </p>
            <p> Yunohamella lyrica Yoshida 2007: 69; Yoshida 2009: 372, figs 149, 150; Lee and Kim 2021: 166, fig. 4 A; Kim 2021: 172, fig. 75 A – D.</p>
            <p> Platnickina mneon : Koçak and Kemal 2008: 3; Ono 2011: 452; Dupérré 2023: 231, fig. 73 A – C. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                 •   2 males, 4 females: China Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Chunmuying Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.78/lat 30.02)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.02">Xiaoshui Cave</a>
                 ; 30.02 ° N, 109.78 ° E; elev. 1777 m; 1 June 2024; Changhao Hu &amp; Mian Wei leg. (CBEE, QZMS 04713, QZMS 04714, QZMS 04751 – QZMS 04754)  . •   2 females: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Chunmuying Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.78/lat 30.02)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.02">Xiaoshui Cave</a>
                 ; 30.02 ° N, 109.78 ° E; elev. 1777 m; 12 July 2023; Changhao Hu &amp; Mian Wei leg. (CBEE, QZMS 02405, QZMS 02406)  . •   1 female: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Chunmuying Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.76/lat 29.96)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.96">Shaiping Village</a>
                 ; 29.96 ° N, 109.76 ° E; elev. 1822 m; 31 July 2023; Changhao Hu &amp; Mian Wei leg. (CBEE, QZMS 01160)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> For males see the diagnosis under  Y. varietas by Lee and Kim (2021). Males of  Y. lyrica are also similar to those of  Y. subadulta (compare Fig. 7 D – F with Kim 2021: fig. 77 E – G) in having a sharp terminal conductor and a sperm duct curving four times, but  Y. lyrica can be distinguished from  Y. subadulta in having the conductor extend beyond the cymbium (vs. conductor not exceeding the cymbium in  Y. palmgreni ). Females of  Y. lyrica are similar to those of  Y. takasukai Yoshida, 2012 (compare Fig. 9 D – F with Yoshida 2012: figs 4, 5) in having a pair of projections on the anterlateral epigynal plate, but  Y. lyrica can be distinguished from  Y. takasukai by having oval, laminar projections on the anterlateral epigynal plate and long, curved copulatory ducts (vs nipple-like projections and copulatory ducts short in  Y. takasukai ). </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Male, measurements: total length 2.11. Carapace 1.16 long, 0.88 wide. Abdomen 1.10 long, 0.91 wide. Eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.04, PME – PME 0.07, PME – PLE 0.09, AME – PME 0.09, ALE – PLE 0.00. Measurements of legs: I 7.48 (2.27, 0.43, 1.94, 2.10, 0.74), II 4.29 (1.38, 0.30, 0.98, 1.17, 0.46), III 2.71 (1.00, 0.19, 0.52, 0.60, 0.40), IV 3.87 (1.31, 0.26, 0.88, 0.95, 0.47). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III.</p>
            <p>Carapace brownish green, with deep fovea and black radial furrow. Sternum shaped like an inverted triangle and dark brown. Chelicerae orange. Labium and endites dark brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen with long hairs; dorsum black, with a longitudinal mark composed of yellow base and white spots; venter yellow; anterior part of spinnerets black. Spinnerets brown (Fig. 7 A – C).</p>
            <p>Cymbium oval. Cymbial hood tilted at 30 °, almost 1 / 8 length of cymbium. Subtegulum bowl-shaped. Tegulum with a narrow prolateral part and a large retrolateral part; sperm duct curving four times. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis almost as long as the width of bulb. Conductor sclerotized, with a sharp end. Embolus straight, with a rounded base (Figs 7 D – F, 8 A, B).</p>
            <p>Female, measurements: total length 2.49. Carapace 0.91 long, 0.74 wide. Abdomen 1.40 long, 1.31 wide. Eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.07, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME – AME 0.04, AME – ALE 0.02, PME – PME 0.08, PME – PLE 0.07, AME – PME 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.00. Measurements of legs: I 5.57 (1.73, 0.32, 1.47, 1.43, 0.62), II 3.76 (1.24, 0.33, 0.83, 0.86, 0.50), III 2.71 (0.94, 0.25, 0.51, 0.61, 0.40), IV 3.84 (1.30, 0.34, 0.84, 0.91, 0.45). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III.</p>
            <p>Carapace dark brown. Legs yellow to orange. Abdomen black; dorsum with a longitudinal mark composed of white, red, and yellow spots; posterior part of dorsum with three inverted V-shaped marks composed of yellow spots; median band of venter black, the rest yellow; posterior part of genital groove with several white spots, posterior-lateral part of genital groove with black transverse bands. Other characters of habitus as for male (Fig. 9 A – C).</p>
            <p>Epigyne with an oval atrium, two oval sclerotized plates overhanging anterolateral epigynal plate, copulatory openings located laterally on sclerotized plates. Copulatory ducts curved into a C-shape. Spermathecae spherical. Fertilization ducts arising posteriorly from spermathecae (Fig. 9 D – F).</p>
            <p>Natural history.</p>
            <p> This is one of the most widespread  Yunohamella species. This species is found on bushes, forests, and fences, as well as inside houses (Kaston 1948; Levi 1957; Gao and Li 2014; Kim et al. 2016; Lee and Kim 2021). </p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Platnickina mneon was first described by Bösenberg and Strand (1906) based on a female specimen collected in Saga, Japan. To date, males of  P. mneon remain unknown. Dupérré (2023) provided diagnostic characters and illustrations of  P. mneon after examining the female holotype and noted that this species does not conform to the characteristics of the genus  Platnickina Koçak &amp; Kemal, 2008 (e. g. copulatory openings located on sclerotized plates in  P. mneon vs inside the circular depression of the epigyne in  Platnickina spp. ) and that it likely belongs to another genus. The holotype of  P. mneon exhibits all the diagnostic features of  Y. lyrica as provided by Levi (1957), including the two sclerotized plates, copulatory openings located on the sclerotized plates, and oval spermathecae (compare Figs 7 D – F, 9 D – F with Dupérré 2023: fig. 73 B, C and with Levi 1957: figs 329, 330). Although the types of  Y. lyrica and  P. mneon were unavailable for examination, our comparison based on specimens collected in Hubei Province, China and the illustrations and descriptions provided by Levi (1957) and Dupérré (2023) allows us to consider  P. mneon as a junior synonym of  Y. lyrica . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Hubei Province, new Province record; Yunnan Province), Japan, Korea, North America.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/04FE2A051C735331899CDABEDE93DFB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Zhong, Yang;Zhang, He;Liu, Jie;Liu, Changyong;Chen, Kuai;Hu, Changhao	Zhong, Rui, Zhong, Yang, Zhang, He, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes on the genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China, with two new species. ZooKeys 1224: 69-85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.138987
B275CA0B3CBA5DC6A238CD928B24778C.text	B275CA0B3CBA5DC6A238CD928B24778C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yunohamella mohorovicici R. Zhong, J. Liu & Hu 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Yunohamella mohorovicici R. Zhong, J. Liu &amp; Hu sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4, 10</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype • male: China, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Changtanhe Dong Autonomous Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.73/lat 30.03)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.03">Qizimeishan mountain</a>
                 ; 30.03 ° N, 109.73 ° E; elev. 1270 m; 6 July 2023; Changhao Hu &amp; Mian Wei leg. (CBEE, QZMS 04642). 
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            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species is named after the geophysicist “ Andrija Mohorovičić ” who found the “ Moho discontinuity ”, the boundary between the crust and the mantle of Earth.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Males of  Y. mohorovicici sp. nov. are similar to those of  Y. jiugongensis (Liu &amp; Zhong, 2023) comb. nov. (compare Fig. 4 A – C with Fig. 5 C – E) in having an n-shaped sperm duct on the tegulum and a thick, curved embolus, but  Y. mohorovicici can be distinguished from  Y. jiugongensis by the following: sharp tooth-like apophysis on tegulum absent; and terminal conductor rounded (vs apophysis on tegulum present and terminal conductor knife-shaped in  Y. jiugongensis comb. nov. ). Males of  Y. mohorovicici sp. nov. are also similar to those of  Y. palmgreni (Marusik &amp; Tsellarius, 1986) (compare Fig. 4 A – C with Marusik and Tsellarius 1986: figs 1, 2) in having an n-shaped sperm duct on the tegulum and a thick embolus, but  Y. mohorovicici can be distinguished from  Y. palmgreni by the following: conductor arising from the retrolateral part of the tegulum at the 2 o’clock position; and embolus curved (vs conductor arising from retrolateral part of the tegulum at the 12 o’clock position and embolus straight in  Y. palmgreni ). Females are unknown. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male (holotype), measurements: total length 1.77. Carapace 0.96 long, 0.77 wide. Abdomen 0.88 long, 0.65 wide. Eyes: AME 0.11, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME – AME 0.06, AME – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.05, PME – PLE 0.08, AME – PME 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.01. Measurements of legs: I 6.80 (2.05, 0.37, 1.78, 1.92, 0.68), II 4.15 (1.29, 0.27, 0.99, 1.09, 0.51), III 2.70 (0.89, 0.19, 0.55, 0.67, 0.40), IV 3.66 (1.21, 0.25, 0.81, 0.95, 0.44). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III.</p>
            <p>Carapace round, brown, with deep fovea and black radial furrow. Sternum shaped like an inverted triangle and brown. Labium brown. Chelicerae and endites orange. Legs yellow. Abdomen oval, with long hairs; dorsum black, with a longitudinal mark composed of white and red spots; venter brownish green; anterior part of spinnerets black; lateral abdomen with several white spots. Spinnerets brown (Fig. 3 A – C).</p>
            <p>Cymbium reniform. Cymbial hood tilted at 60 °, almost ¼ length of cymbium. Subtegulum bowl-shaped. Tegulum with a narrow prolateral part and a large retrolateral part; retrolateral part with a thin area that holds embolic base; sperm duct narrowly n-shaped. Median apophysis small, almost ½ length of tegular apophysis. Tegular apophysis large, knife-shaped; length of tegular apophysis almost as long as width of bulb. Conductor sclerotized, with smooth end. Embolus corn-like, thick, and curved, with a tooth-shaped base (Fig. 4 A – D).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B275CA0B3CBA5DC6A238CD928B24778C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Zhong, Yang;Zhang, He;Liu, Jie;Liu, Changyong;Chen, Kuai;Hu, Changhao	Zhong, Rui, Zhong, Yang, Zhang, He, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes on the genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China, with two new species. ZooKeys 1224: 69-85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.138987
4CA2B02C9D8F50C1902BFBD2EDD53D3D.text	4CA2B02C9D8F50C1902BFBD2EDD53D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yunohamella Yoshida 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Theridion yunohamense Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906 (=  Yunohamella yunohamensis ) from Japan. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Species of  Yunohamella are similar to those of  Takayus (compare Figs 2 A – D, 4 A – D, 5 C – E, 6 C, D, 7 D – F, 8 A, B, 9 D – F; Gao and Li 2014: figs 107–109; Marusik and Logunov 2017: figs 37–39; Lee and Kim 2021: figs 3 E – G, 4 A, B with Zhu 1998: figs 80 B – E, 83 B – E, 93 B – E, 94 B – E, 108 B – E, 114 B – F, 115 B – E, 116 B – E, 117 B – E, 118 B – E, 119 B – E, 120 B – D, 125 B, C) in having a large tegulum and a small median apophysis, a conductor conjugating with tegulum. However,  Yunohamella can be distinguished from  Takayus by the following: embolus thin; tegular apophysis distinct; and epigyne without a pointed scapus or with a blunt scapus (vs embolus broad, tegular apophysis invisible before expanded, epigyne with a pointed scapus in  Takayus ). </p>
            <p> Species of  Yunohamella can be distinguished from  Theridion (compare Figs 2 A – D, 4 A – D, 5 C – E, 6 C, D, 7 D – F, 8 A, B, 9 D – F; Gao and Li 2014: figs 107–109; Marusik and Logunov 2017: figs 37–39; Lee and Kim 2021: figs 3 E – G, 4 A, B with Zhu 1998: figs 73 B – E, 76 B – E, 85 B – E, 88 B – E, 89 B – D, 90 B – E, 91 B, C, 97 B – E, 98 B – E, 106 B – E, 109 B – E, 110 B – D 123 B – E, 124 B – E) by the following: embolus short and straight; tegulum large; conductor conjugating with tegulum; epigyne without depression (vs embolus long and circular; tegulum not large; conductor separated; epigyne with a distinct depression in  Takayus ) (Yoshida 2007). </p>
            <p> Species of  Yunohamella can be distinguished from  Cryptachaea (compare Figs 2 D, 4 D, 8 A, B; Levi 1957: fig. 323 with Levi 1955: fig. 82) in having a median apophysis separated from the embolus and the present tegular apophysis (vs median apophysis attached to the embolus and tegular apophysis absent in  Cryptachaea ). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Asia, Europe, North America.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CA2B02C9D8F50C1902BFBD2EDD53D3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Zhong, Yang;Zhang, He;Liu, Jie;Liu, Changyong;Chen, Kuai;Hu, Changhao	Zhong, Rui, Zhong, Yang, Zhang, He, Liu, Jie, Liu, Changyong, Chen, Kuai, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes on the genus Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China, with two new species. ZooKeys 1224: 69-85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.138987
