identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2C3087FCFF9BFFAAC4B3FBCAE989FE39.text	2C3087FCFF9BFFAAC4B3FBCAE989FE39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabitecta Hering 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke, 1926 </p>
            <p> Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke, 1926, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 40: 50 (Type species:  Parabitecta flava Draeseke, 1926 , by monotypy). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Parabitecta is closely related to the recently described  Tortrilema Volynkin, 2021 and  Tortribitecta Volynkin, 2024 (illustrated by Volynkin 2024b) but can be externally distinguished from them by the presence of a subbasal elongate patch of androconial scales on the male forewing (Figs 1– 8). Additionally, unlike  Tortrilema , adults of  Parabitecta are characterised by the limited sexual dimorphism. </p>
            <p> In the male genitalia,  Parabitecta (Figs 9–12) is most similar to  Tortribitecta (illustrated by Volynkin 2024b), from which it differs in the following features. (1) The uncus is slender, medially downcurved and distally slightly dilated whereas in  Tortribitecta it is strongly dilated postmedially and tapered distally. (2) The apex of the valva is moderately sclerotised and extended into a short protrusion or a process. (3) The lamella centralis is present. (4) The sacculus is evenly narrow whereas in  Tortribitecta , it is medially constricted forming a flexible region, across which the valva gets curved inwards while the intravalval muscle is contracted. (5) The dorsal section of the juxta is well-sclerotised and dorsally elongate into a conical protrusion. The phalluses and vesicae of the two genera display no fundamental differences. Compared to  Tortrilema , the male genitalia of  Parabitecta are characterised by: (1) the vinculum having its arms ventrally connected by the membranous commissure (whereas the vinculum of  Tortrilema is solid); (2) the presence of a broad, sack-like intravincular corema and a pair of thin, ribbon-like caselli (similar to  Tortribitecta as well as certain groups of  Teulisna as well as  Manulea and  Collita ); (3) the short tendons separated from each other by the diaphragmal membrane (whereas in  Tortrilema , the tendons are thin ribbon-like and fused with each other); (4) the presence of a lamella centralis; (5) the lack of the basal protrusion of the distal saccular process; (6) the markedly thinner phallus; and (7) the considerably shorter and narrower vesica lacking scobination. </p>
            <p> The female genitalia of the genus (Figs 13, 14) are characterised by the combination of the following features. (1) The antevaginal plate is pocket-like whereas it is absent in  Tortrilema and  Tortribitecta (illustrated by Volynkin 2024b). (2) The ductus bursae is membranous whereas it is gelatinous with longitudinal sclerotised wrinkles in  Tortribitecta and dorso-ventrally flattened and bearing large dorsal and ventral sclerotised plates in  Tortrilema . (3) The posterior section of the corpus bursae has a large gelatinous enlargement, which is similar to  Tortrilema but absent in  Tortribitecta . (4) The anterior section of the corpus bursae bears two weakly sclerotised and scobinate, ribbon-like longitudinal signa whereas  Tortribitecta has a single and more heavily sclerotised ribbon-like signum, while that of  Tortrilema is small and elliptical. (5) The appendix bursae is large, elongate sack-like, whereas it is reduced and conical in both  Tortrilema and  Tortribitecta . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C3087FCFF9BFFAAC4B3FBCAE989FE39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Černý, Karel	Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel (2024): Two new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke from Southwestern China (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 192-199, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.19
2C3087FCFF98FFAAC4B3FD08EF75F801.text	2C3087FCFF98FFAAC4B3FD08EF75F801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabitecta flava Draeseke 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parabitecta flava Draeseke, 1926</p>
            <p>(Figs 1, 2, 9, 13)</p>
            <p> 
Parabitecta flava 
Draeseke, 1926 , Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris 40: 50 (Type locality: [China, Sichuan Prov., Kangding] “  Provinz Szetschwan ... Tat.[sienlu]”). </p>
            <p> Type material examined.   Holotype (by monotypy) (Figs 1, 9): ♂, [SW China, Sichuan, Kangding] “Szetschwan | Tatsienlu | Exp. Stötzner” / red label “ Typus |  flava |  Draeseke ” / pink label “ Holotypus |  Parabitecta |  flava Draes. ” / “Gen. nov., | spec. nov. | det. Mart. Hering ” / “coll. | F. Daniel ” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2019- 960♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM). </p>
            <p>
                 Additional material examined.   CHINA: 7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Sichuan,  Quingchenghoushan Mts , 70 km NW Chengdu, 1400m, 14–15. V  .2005, S., V.,  M. Murzin leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2020-  156♀ (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM) ;   51 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Shaanxi Prov., South Taibaishan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.73333/lat 33.866665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.866665">Tsinling Mts</a>
                 , Houzhenzi, 33°52'N 107°44'E, 2200m, 12–16. V  .2000, Sinyaev &amp; Plutenko leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019- 961♂, 2020-  157♀ (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM) ;   9 ♂♂, Shaanxi Prov., South Taibaishan, Tsinling Mts,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.816666/lat 33.883335)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.883335">Houzhenzi</a>
                 , 33°53'N 107°49'E, 1500m, 16–21. V  .2000, Sinyaev &amp; Plutenko leg. (MWM/ ZSM);   5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, [Zhejiang Prov.]  West Tien-mu-shan (1600m), Prov. Chekiang, H. Höne [leg.], 22. V  .1932 (1 ♀), 23. V.1932 (1 ♀), 25. V .1932 (3 ♂♂), 24. V .1932 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 26. V .1932 (3 ♀), 29. V .1932 (1 ♂, 1 ♀) (MWM/ ZSM) ;   1 ♂, Sichuan, Xilin Mts,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.25611/lat 30.670277)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.25611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.670277">Dayi Mt.</a>
                 , 1200m, 30°40'13''N 103°15'22''E, 2. V  .2018, A. Floriani leg. (AFM). 
            </p>
            <p> Note. Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis (2020) erroneously attributed the authorship of the species to Martin Hering whereas the latter is in fact indicated as an author of only the genus  Parabitecta (see Draeseke 1926: 50) while the new species is described without an authorship being specified, which by default attributes the authorship of the taxon to the author of the article, vic. Johannes Draeseke. This also corresponds to the authorship of the species indicated on the labels of the holotype. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The forewing length is 19.0–20.0 mm in males and 21.0–22.0 mm in females.  Parabitecta flava is reminiscent of  P. secunda but can be easily distinguished by its ochreous yellow body and wing coloration, which is brown in  P. secunda . Compared to  P. secunda , the male genitalia of  P. flava have a slightly narrower uncus, a smaller juxta, a shorter distal spine of the distal saccular process, which is situated subapically (vs. apical position in  P. secunda ), a somewhat narrower phallus, and a vestigial lateral cornutus in the phallus vesica, which is well-developed in  P. secunda . The female genitalia of  P. flava differ from  P. secunda in the considerably smaller pocket-like antevaginal plate, the somewhat narrower ductus bursae, the narrower gelatinous enlargement of the posterior section of the corpus bursae, and the slightly narrower appendix bursae. </p>
            <p>Distribution. The species is widespread in China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Hubei Provinces) (Draeseke 1926; Daniel 1954; Fang 2000; Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis 2020).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C3087FCFF98FFAAC4B3FD08EF75F801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Černý, Karel	Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel (2024): Two new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke from Southwestern China (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 192-199, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.19
2C3087FCFF9EFFADC4B3F88BE996FDC2.text	2C3087FCFF9EFFADC4B3F88BE996FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabitecta secunda Volynkin & Saldaitis 2020	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parabitecta secunda Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis, 2020</p>
            <p>(Figs 3–5, 10, 14)</p>
            <p>
                 Type material examined.   Holotype (Figs 3, 10): ♂, “ Vietnam (N) | Mts Fan- si-pan, W-side |  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.666664/lat 22.333334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.333334">Chapa</a>
                 , 22°20'N, 103°40'E | 1600–1800m, Apr. 1994 | leg. Sinajev [recte: Sinyaev] &amp; loc. coll.” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2020- 154♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM)  .  Paratypes. VIETNAM: 3 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, the same data as the holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM  Arct. 2020  - 153♂ and 2020-   155♀ (prepared by  Volynkin ) (MWM/ ZSM); CHINA  :   1 ♂, Sichuan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.96667/lat 29.683332)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.683332">Gongga Shan</a>
                 , 2200m, 29°41'N 101°58'E, 25. V  .–08. VI  .2001,  Sinyaev &amp; local coll. leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM   Arct. 2019  -   967♂ (prepared by  Volynkin ) (MWM/ ZSM)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Additional material examined.  MYANMAR: 1 ♂, NE Burma, Kambaiti, 7000 ft., 14.V.1934, R .  Malaise [leg.], unique ID: NHMUK010292569 (NHMUK) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The forewing length is 19.0–20.0 mm in males and 22.0 mm in females.  Parabitecta secunda is morphologically similar to  P. flava and the detailed comparison is provided above in the diagnosis of the latter species. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai Province), Southwestern China (Sichuan Province) (Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis 2020), and northern Myanmar (present study).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C3087FCFF9EFFADC4B3F88BE996FDC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Černý, Karel	Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel (2024): Two new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke from Southwestern China (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 192-199, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.19
2C3087FCFF9FFFADC4B3FD75EB31F9D3.text	2C3087FCFF9FFFADC4B3FD75EB31F9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabitecta baoshana Volynkin & Černý 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parabitecta baoshana sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 12139824-3B38-4445-BDBF-DD7B7D38CCD6</p>
            <p>(Figs 6, 11)</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype (Figs 6, 11): ♂, “ China | West Yunnan [Province] | [  Baoshan
Prefecture
 ] Mts. 20 km SW Baoshan | 2400 m, 23–25. V. 2006 | leg. Murzin | Museum Witt” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021- 477♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The forewing length is 15.5 mm in the male holotype.  Parabitecta baoshana sp. n. is externally vaguely reminiscent of  P. secunda but differs clearly in the markedly smaller size, the narrower forewing, the more greyish forewing ground colour, and the continuous and diffuse medial transverse line of the forewing, which is more distinct but interrupted in the congener. Additionally, unlike in  P. secunda , the new species has a shorter but broader subbasal androconial patch on the forewing upperside. The male genital capsule of the new species is distinguished from  P. secunda by the less downcurved uncus, the proximally broader and more apically tapered dorsal section of the valva, the evenly apically tapered distal saccular process (it bears an apical spine in the congener), and the longer juxta with a broader apex having a medial notch. The phallus of  P. baoshana sp. n. is considerably longer than in  P. secunda , has a longer coecum, and bears a short spike-like dorsal carinal process directed dorsad. The vesica of the new species is markedly longer than in  P. secunda , basally downcurved, has a utricular and curved distal-ventral diverticulum, and lacks the lateral cornutus. Additionally, the distal cornutus of  P. baoshana sp. n. is long and saber-shaped whereas it is shorter, distally tapered and dagger-shaped in  P. secunda . The detailed comparison with  P. yanmena sp. n. is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter species. </p>
            <p>The female is unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. The new species is currently known only from its type locality in western Yunnan Province, Southwestern China.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Baoshan Prefecture (Yunnan, China), in which the type locality of the new species is situated. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C3087FCFF9FFFADC4B3FD75EB31F9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Černý, Karel	Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel (2024): Two new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke from Southwestern China (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 192-199, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.19
2C3087FCFF9FFFAFC4B3F966E90CFCF0.text	2C3087FCFF9FFFAFC4B3F966E90CFCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabitecta yanmena Volynkin & Černý 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parabitecta yanmena sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 439F44EC-8115-4629-82C1-8CDD452FF304</p>
            <p>(Figs 7, 8, 12)</p>
            <p>
                 Type material.   Holotype (Figs 7, 12): ♂, [China, Yunnan Prov., Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.9/lat 28.033333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.033333">Yanmenxiang</a>
                 ] “ China: Yunnan | Tse- Kou, 2000 m | 28°02' N, 98°54' E | 5.– 10. 06. 2011 | leg. Jiří Klir ” / “Slide | AV8074 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM, ex CKC). 
            </p>
            <p> Paratypes. CHINA: 3 ♂♂ ,  same data as holotype, gen. prep. No.: AV8075 ♂ (CKC) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The forewing length is 15.0–15.5 mm in males.  Parabitecta yanmena sp. n. is externally similar to  P. baoshana sp. n. but can be distinguished by the somewhat more convex costal and anal margins of the forewing, the paler, ochreous brown body and forewing ground colour (vs. greyish-brown in the congener), the more distinct, broader and nearly straight medial transverse line having irregularly sinuous margins (it is angled in  P. baoshana sp. n. ), the paler subbasal androconial patch on the forewing upperside, and the darker, ochreous hindwing. In the male genital capsule, the new species differs from  P. baoshana sp. n. in the narrower apex of the valva extended into a small process, the narrower but more swollen lamella centralis, and the thinner and less upcurved distal saccular process. The phallus of  P. yanmena sp. n. is markedly shorter and distally broader than in  P. baoshana sp. n. , has a broader coecum and lacks the dorsal carinal process. Compared to  P. baoshana sp. n. , the vesica of the new species is considerably broader and medially dilated (whereas it is rather tubular in the congener), has an additional, bilobate distal diverticulum, and bears a shorter, medially angled and apically thinner and more pointed cornutus, which is displaced laterally. </p>
            <p>The female is unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. The new species is currently known only from its type locality in north-western Yunnan Province, Southwestern China.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the town of Yanmenxiang, near which the new species was collected. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p>
            <p>Acknowledgements</p>
            <p>The senior author expresses his sincere thanks to the following for their kind assistance during visits to collections under their care: Axel Hausmann, Mei-Yu Chen and Ulf Buchsbaum (ZSM); Alberto Zilli and Geoff Martin (NHMUK). Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy) is acknowledged for the data from his research collection provided.</p>
            <p>References</p>
            <p>Daniel, F. (1954) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Arctiidae Ostasiens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ausbeuten von Dr. h. c. H. Höne aus diesem Gebiet (Lep. Het.). Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 5, 89–138. [In German]</p>
            <p>Draeseke, J. (1926) Die Schmetterlinge der Stötznerschen Ausbeute, Phalaenae, Nachtfalter. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 40, 44–55. [In German]</p>
            <p>Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [In Chinese with English summary]</p>
            <p>Kononenko, V.S. (2010) Micronoctuidae, Noctuidae: Rivulinae – Agaristinae (Lepidoptera). Noctuidae Sibiricae. Vol. 2. Entomological Press, Sorø, 475 pp.</p>
            <p>Lafontaine, J.D. &amp; Mikkola, K. (1987) Las-och-nyckel systemen i de inre genitalierna av Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) som taksonomiska kaennetecken. [Lock-and-key systems in the inner genitalia of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) as a taxonomic character.] Entomologiske Meddelelser, 55, 161–167. [In Swedish]</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. (2024 a) On the terminology of the genitalia structures of lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with some references to Noctuidae. Ecologica Montenegrina, 73, 176–207. https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.18</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. (2024 b) Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina, 77: 169–179. https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. &amp; Saldaitis, A. (2020) A new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering, 1926 from Northern Vietnam and Southwestern China, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Manulea Wallengren, 1872 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina, 38, 107–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.38.13</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C3087FCFF9FFFAFC4B3F966E90CFCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Černý, Karel	Volynkin, Anton V., Černý, Karel (2024): Two new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering in Draeseke from Southwestern China (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 192-199, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.19
