taxonID	type	description	language	source
270BE26D5467775AFF0BA64637FE6EA3.taxon	description	Typus: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 8212, collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang, (holotypus HMAS!, isotypus SWFC!). Pileus 30 – 50 (– 80) mm in diameter, usually pulvinate (cushion-like) or parabolic when young, plane to slightly depressed at the center with inrolled margin; surface covered by thick, large, triangular scales, erect or recurved, white, light brown, and quickly discolouring, reddish-brown, brown, or dark brown on bruising or dehydration. Lamellae free, crowded, narrow, up to 5 mm wide, edge entire, concolorous with lamellae sides. Lamellulae in several series. Stipe 40 – 60 × 20 – 30 mm, cylindrical, or ventricose fusiform, straight or curved, with tapering base, stuffed; surface below the annulus covered by scales which are similar to those of pileus, recurved, white, but soon becoming reddish-brown to brown on touching, surface above the annulus glabrous, white. Annulus intermediate, persistent, single, thick and narrow (band-like), fibrillose, up to 4 mm broad, smooth at the upper side and floccose at the lower side. Context firm, white to light greyish-white, discolouring reddish-brown, especially in the pileus and the stipe base. Odour mushroomy. Macrochemical reactions: KOH negative; Schäffer reaction negative. Basidiospores 6.2 – 8 × 4.9 – 6.8 μm, avX = 7 ± 0.5 × 5.7 ± 0.6 μm, Q = 1.1 – 1.4, avQ = 1.23, n = 25, subsphaerical to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, thick-walled, brown, without apical pore. Basidia 30 – 40 × 4 – 7 μm, clavate or narrowed and cylindrical towards the base, hyaline, 2 or 4 - spored, with sterigmata 2 – 4 μm long. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cells 43 – 52 × 7 – 10 μm, cylindrical, branched, smooth, slightly constricted at the septa, with yellowish-brown parietal pigment. Annulus composed of cells 40 – 50 × 8 – 12 μm, hyaline, smooth, constricted at septa, distinctly inflated near the ends. Diagnosis: — This species can be distinguished within section Nigrobrunnescentes by its large recurved scales on the pileus, larger spores, quick and strong reddish-brown or brown discolouration on bruising and absence of cheilocystidia. Habit, habitat and distribution: — gregarious, often in groups of two basidiomata in reedy grassland. Only known from China. Etymology: — the epithet “ desjardinii ” honors the mycologist Dennis E. Desjardin who is one of authors of the section Nigrobrunnescentes. Other materials examined: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 907 collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang (SWFC!; HMAS!). Notes: — The most similar species to A. desjardinii both morphologically and phylogenetically is A. boisseletii Heinem. Both have stout basidiomata and distinctly large scales on the pileus. However, under the microscope, A. boisseletii has smaller and wider spores (5 – 6.8 × 4 – 4.5 μm, avQ = 1.44), and usually catenulate cheilocystidia (Parra 2008). Agaricus nigrobrunnescens, the type species of this section, and the new species both have large scales on the pileus, however A. nigrobrunnescens has much smaller spores (4.2 – 5.8 × 3.3 – 4.5 μm) and abundant cheilocystidia (Peterson et al. 2000). Agaricus fuscovelatus, described from North America, is also similar to the new species by its stout and deeply rooting stipe as well as its spore size and shape, but A. fuscovelatus has appressed squames on the pileus and presents cheilocystidia (Kerrigan 1986). Agaricus padanus (see below), a species also having abundant velar remnants below the annulus can be easily distinguished by its much less reddening context and its abundant clavate cheilocystidia. This new species also differs from European species belonging to section Sanguinolenti, which is close to section Nigrobrunnescentes, such as A. benesii Pilát, by having pilei covered by fibrils or tiny fibrillose squames (Nauta 2001; Parra 2008), which are quite different from the large scales of this new species, or Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. a species having much smaller spores (4.5 – 6.5 × 3.2 – 4.2 μm) and abundant cheilocystidia; There are some similar species assigned to A. sect. Sanguinolenti reported from South America and tropical Asia, such as A. dicystis Heinem. and A. pleurocystidiatus Heinem., however, those species are slender and have smaller spores (Heinemann 1978,1980,1986,1990).	en	Wang, Zhuo-Ren, Callac, Philippe, Zhou, Jun-Liang, Fu, Wen-Jin, Dui, San-Han, Zhao, Rui-Lin (2015): Edible species of Agaricus (Agaricaceae) from Xinjiang Province (Western China). Phytotaxa 202 (3): 185-197, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2
270BE26D5462775AFF0BA30B35BC6B0F.taxon	description	Macrochemical reactions: KOH negative; Schäffer reaction negative. Basidiospores 7.3 – 8.8 × 5.4 – 6.8 μm, avX = 8 ± 0.4 × 6.6 ± 0.4 μm, Q = 1.1 – 1.4, avQ = 1.22, n = 20, subsphaerical to broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled, brown, without apical pore, smooth. Basidia 18 – 30 × 6 – 7 μm, clavate, hyaline, 2 or 4 - spored with short sterigmata (less than 2 μm long). Cheilocystidia clavate, broadly clavate or irregularly clavate, often with 1 – 2 septa at the base, hyaline or with yellowish-brown vacuolar pigment. Terminal element 25 – 30 × 10 – 16 μm (7 μm wide at the base). Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cells 4 – 6 μm wide, cylindrical, hyaline or with yellowish-brown parietal pigments, occasionally branched, not or slightly constricted at septa. Annulus composed of cells 5 – 10 μm wide, cylindrical not constricted at septa or elongate-ellipsoid constricted at septa, hyaline, smooth, branched, curved. Habit, habitat and distribution: — gregarious, sometimes in fairy rings, in soil of poplar forest and reedy grassland. Only known from Italy and China. Materials examined: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 2011, WZRxinjiang 2, ibidem, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 8213, WZR 2012 903, WZR 2012 904, all collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang. All in SWFC! and HMAS! Notes: — Agaricus padanus was initially described from Italy and these are the first records outside Italy. The samples from western China match very well the European descriptions of the species, in having yellowish-brown, appressed squames on pileus, a stipe covered by a sheath when young, broken in squamose circles when mature; large spores and broadly clavate cheilocystidia with a septate base (Parra 2008). This species had been thought to be a member of section Bivelares (Didukh 2004) because of its partial morphological similarity to A. bitorquis (the type species of section Bivelares). However, the two sequences KJ 575603 and KJ 575604 which were from specimens provided by the author of the species (Lanconelli 2002) and collected in the type locality, do not belong to section Bivelares, but to section Nigrobrunnescentes according to Parra et al. (2014) and this study.	en	Wang, Zhuo-Ren, Callac, Philippe, Zhou, Jun-Liang, Fu, Wen-Jin, Dui, San-Han, Zhao, Rui-Lin (2015): Edible species of Agaricus (Agaricaceae) from Xinjiang Province (Western China). Phytotaxa 202 (3): 185-197, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2
270BE26D54637755FF0BA75D3588686F.taxon	description	Typus: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 821, collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang (holotypus HMAS!; isotypus SWFC!) Basidiomata medium to large, growing underground (in sandy soil) and buried, when young, then erumpent, semihypogeous. Pileus 70 – 120 mm in diameter when mature, and around 50 mm in diameter when young, cushionshaped, then complex, truncate or shallowly depressed at disc, margin involute; surface covered with appressed, fine light brown or buff brown squamules on a dirty white background, reddish-brown when bruised. Lamellae free, crowded, very narrow, reddish-brown, then brown, finally dark brown, with several series of lamellulae. Stipe 80 – 100 × 70 – 80 mm when mature, and 60 × 30 mm in young basidiomata, stout, first broadly fusiform with a rounded base, then cylindrical with a tapering base with age. Annulus inferous forming a volviform, peronate, membranous, broad sheath, with a narrow annular ledge in its centre, derived from the universal veil, remnants often remain appressed to stipe surface, yellowish-brown, but sometimes completely falling off, showing the smooth or fibrillose, white stipe surface which becomes reddish-brown when bruised. Context firm, dirty white, reddish-brown on cutting. Macrochemical reactions: KOH negative; Schäffer reaction negative. Basidiospores very variable in size and shape, 6.4 – 8.3 (– 9) × 4.9 – 6.4 μm, avX = 7.2 ± 0.6 × 5.7 ± 0.5 μm, Q = 1.2 – 1.5, avQ = 1.27, n = 20, subsphaerical to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, thick-walled, brown, without apical pore. Basidia very rare, or even absent in a basidiomata, 13 – 17 × 4 – 7 μm, clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline, with sterigmata up to 2 μm long. Cheilocystidia 20 – 41 × 6 – 10 μm, globose, clavate or broadly clavate, often with a long peduncule, hyaline or with yellowish-brown vacuolar pigment. Pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia, some with rudimentary sterigmata at apex. Pileipellis a cutis composed of hyphae 4 – 16 μm wide, cylindrical, branched, curved, the broader the more constricted at septa, with light brown parietal pigment. Terminal elements abundant, 4 – 7 μm wide with attenuate apex. Annulus composed of cells 5 – 10 μm wide, hyaline, cylindrical, or elongate ellipsoid. Diagnosis: — This species is distinguished by its medium to large semihypogeous basidiomata, light colored pileus, large spores and presence of pleurocystidia. Habit, habitat and distribution: — solitary or gregarious, in sandy soil of reedy grassland. Only known from China, but probably distributed in Russia. Etymology: — the epithet “ sino ” means origin from China; epithet “ deliciosus ” means this species is edible and tasty. Other materials examined: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 2011, WZRxinjiang 1, ibidem, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 8210, WZR 2012 822, WZR 2012 823, WZR 2012 824, WZR 2012 902, WZR 2012 905, WZR 2012 906, all collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang. All samples deposited in SWFC! and HMAS!. Notes: — Agaricus sinodeliciosus belongs to Agaricus [section Bivelares] subsection Hortenses. The most similar species to A. sinodeliciosus is A. subsubensis Kerrigan, but the latter differs in its much smaller basidiospores (6.2 – 6.6 × 5.3 – 5.6 μm) and absence of cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (Kerrigan et al. 2008). Agaricus balchaschensis Samgina & Nam also has medium to large semihypogeous basidiomata, however, it also differs from A. sinodeliciosus in lacking cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (Samgina & Nam 1989). There is no available ITS sequence from the type specimen of A. balchaschensis. We contacted the AA herbarium where the type material is deposited and also one of the authors (G. A. Nam) to request type material on loan without success. In GenBank the sequence AM 930983 of “ Agaricus sp. 1331 ” deposited by Hildén in 2013 matches perfectly with those of our collections of A. sinodeliciosus. The collection 1331 was identified as A. balchaschiensis without any morphological information by Hildén et al. (2013) in a publication focusing on the cultivation of Agaricus species. Our new species also could have been misidentified as A. gennadii (Chatin & Boud.) P. D. Orton (section Chitonioides) in China because both share similar characters of pileus, stipe, spores and cheilocystidia. However the context discoloration (only pale pink in stipe cortex) in A. gennadii is much less pronounced than in A. sinodeliciosus; both species differ phylogenetically in agreement with their placement in sections Chitonioides and Bivelares respectively. Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. in Syll. Fung. 5 (1887: 998). Known distribution: — Worldwide. Material examined: — CHINA, Xinjiang Province, Bortala, Ebinur Lake, 10 May 2012, WZR 2012 826, WZR 2012 827, WZR 2012 828, WZR 2012 829, all collected by Zhuo-Ren Wang. All in SWFC! and HMAS!. Notes: — The morphological characters of these four Chinese specimens completely agree with those described from Europe (Cappelli 1984; Parra 2008) and North America (Kerrigan 1986).	en	Wang, Zhuo-Ren, Callac, Philippe, Zhou, Jun-Liang, Fu, Wen-Jin, Dui, San-Han, Zhao, Rui-Lin (2015): Edible species of Agaricus (Agaricaceae) from Xinjiang Province (Western China). Phytotaxa 202 (3): 185-197, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.2
