identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B502B905ACF5A9088A8201AD93ACF74.text	2B502B905ACF5A9088A8201AD93ACF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parandes elongatus Lv & Chen 2025	<div><p>Parandes elongatus Lv &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂: Yunnan Province, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.683334/lat 21.183332)">Mohan Town</a>; 21°11'N, 101°41'E; sweeping, 11 August 2023; Sha-Sha Lv leg.; IEGU . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.683334/lat 21.183332)">Mohan Town</a>; 21°11'N, 101°41'E; sweeping, 11 August 2023; Yong-Jin Sui leg.; IEGU . • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Menglun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.21667/lat 21.966667)">Bakaxiaozhai Village</a>; 21°58'N, 101°13'E; sweeping, 8 August 2023; Sha-Sha Lv leg.; IEGU . • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Menglong Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.85/lat 21.75)">Guohe Village</a>; 21°45'N, 100°51'E; sweeping, 13 August 2023; Feng-E Li leg.; IEGU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The salient features of the new species include: anal style (Fig. 2 H) extending beyond anal segment; gonostyli in ventral view (Fig. 2 G) fist-shaped at apex, basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 with emarginations; periandrium (Fig. 2 J – M) in dorsal margin with a lamellar process, extending to apex to form a thin process, directed ventrad, base to 2 / 3 with a long stripy process.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. Total length: male 6.1–6.4 mm (N = 4).</p><p>Coloration. General color greyish white (Fig. 2 A, B). Vertex yellowish with green. Eyes brown. Ocelli faint red. Frons yellowish brown, median carina dark yellow, lateral carinae pale yellowish green, lateral side of head with a triangular yellowish-green spot anterior to the eyes. Clypeus yellowish brown with green, carinae brown. Antennae grayish green. Pronotum with median part dark grayish green, lateral sides white with a little green. Mesonotum yellowish to brown. Tegula yellowish brown. Forewings semi-translucent, grayish white, with many variform pale yellowish green and dark brown stripes and markings, stigma light yellowish brown, veins and tubercles green to yellowish brown, as shown in Fig. 2 E.</p><p>Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig. 2 A, C) 1.38 times as long as wide, width at apex narrower than at base (1: 2.22), anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin U-shaped recessed, lateral carina developed, median carina absent. Frons (Fig. 2 D) longer in middle line than wide at widest portion (about 3.65: 1), widest at nearly apex, lateral carina developed, apex of median carina raised. Clypeus (Fig. 2 D) with distinct median carina. Pronotum (Fig. 2 A, C) shorter than vertex in midline (1: 1.57), posterior margin recessed. Mesonotum (Fig. 2 A, C) longer than 2.31 times pronotum and vertex combined. Forewings (Fig. 2 E) 2.19 times as long as wide, with twelve apical cells and seven subapical cells, RP 3 branches, MP with 5 terminals: MP 11, MP 12, MP 2, MP 3, and MP 4, fork MP 1 + MP 2 basad of fork MP 3 + MP 4. Hind tibia with five lateral spines.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 2 F, G) ventral margin distinctly longer than dorsal margin in lateral view, posterior margin convex at middle, lateral lobes arcuate and extended caudally; in ventral view symmetrical, medioventral process long, equilateral triangular. Anal segment (Fig. 2 F, H) in lateral view flat tubular, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin curved slightly; in dorsal view, 1.48 times as long as wide; anal style big, triangular, extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 2 G, I) in lateral view L-shaped, curved dorsally near the middle, ventral margin with a notch at basal 1 / 3; in ventral view lateral margins curved, widens towards the end, fist-shaped at apex, basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 with emarginations. Aedeagus (Fig. 2 J – M) with a spinose process. Periandrium in dorsal margin with a lamellar process, extending to apex, forming a thin process, directed ventrad; apical part with a slender spinous process, curved ventrally at base, then strong bending, directed caudad; base to 2 / 3 with a long stripy process. Endosoma slightly sclerotized, without process.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan Province) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from the Latin word “ elongatus ”, referring to periandrium with a long stripy process at base to 2 / 3.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is similar to P. circinatus Wang &amp; Chen, 2023, but differs from the latter in: (1) anal style extending beyond anal segment (anal style not extending beyond anal segment in P. circinatus); (2) gonostyli in ventral view fist-shaped at apex (gonostyli in ventral view not fist-shaped at apex in P. circinatus); and (3) periandrium with a long stripy process at base to 2 / 3 (periandrium without a long stripy process at base to 2 / 3 in P. circinatus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B502B905ACF5A9088A8201AD93ACF74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lv, Sha-Sha;Gong, Nian;Wang, Xiao-Ya;Yang, Lin;Zhang, Yu-Bo;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Lv, Sha-Sha, Gong, Nian, Wang, Xiao-Ya, Yang, Lin, Zhang, Yu-Bo, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2025): Three new species of the genus Parandes Muir, 1925 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) from China, with an updated checklist and key to species. ZooKeys 1248: 209-223, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.159068
178AF932DFEF5512A161BAF7BFFCFA5B.text	178AF932DFEF5512A161BAF7BFFCFA5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parandes guangxiensis Lv & Chen 2025	<div><p>Parandes guangxiensis Lv &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The salient features of the new species include: gonostyli in ventral view (Fig. 3 G) bent into a rectangular shape at apex, inner margins sunken at base forming a small process, middle part protrudes slightly; periandrium (Fig. 3 J – M) in ventral margin with a wide lamellar process at apical half, dorsal margin with a long strip-shaped process, tapering to apex, with a long hook-shaped process near the middle.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Guangxi Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.916664/lat 25.633333)">Huaping National Nature Reserve</a>; 25°38'N, 109°55'E; sweeping, 9 August 2023; Yong-Jin Sui and Feng-E Li leg.; IEGU . Paratypes: China • 15 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IEGU .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. Total length: male 6.3–6.6 mm (N = 16), female 7.0– 7.6 mm (N = 8).</p><p>Coloration. General color yellowish brown with green (Fig. 3 A, B). Vertex foul-brown with green, lateral carinae dark yellow. Eyes gray-brown to brown. Ocelli gray. Frons dark brown at base, rest yellowish brown, lateral carinae yellowish green to dark green, lateral side of head with a triangular turquoise spot anterior to the eyes. Clypeus yellowish brown. Antennae yellowish brown with green at base. Pronotum greyish white with turquoise, brown behind eyes. Mesonotum yellowish brown to brown with green. Tegula yellowish brown. Forewings semi-translucent, grayish white, with many variform yellowish brown to brown and dark brown stripes and markings, stigma yellowish green, veins and tubercles turquoise to green to light yellowish brown, as shown in Fig. 3 E.</p><p>Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig. 3 A, C) 1.63 times as long as wide, width at apex narrower than at base (1: 1.73), anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin U-shaped recessed, lateral carina developed, median carina absent. Frons (Fig. 3 D) longer in middle line than wide at widest portion (about 3.65: 1), widest at nearly apex, lateral carina developed, apex of median carina raised. Clypeus (Fig. 3 D) with median carina. Pronotum (Fig. 3 A, C) shorter than vertex in midline (1: 1.57), posterior margin recessed. Mesonotum (Fig. 3 A, C) longer than 2.36 times pronotum and vertex combined. Forewings (Fig. 3 E) 2.19 times as long as wide, with twelve apical cells and seven subapical cells, RP 3 branches, MP with 5 terminals: MP 11, MP 12, MP 2, MP 3, and MP 4, fork MP 1 + MP 2 basad of fork MP 3 + MP 4. Hind tibia with six lateral spines.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 3 F, G) ventral margin distinctly longer than dorsal margin in lateral view, posterior margin convex at middle, lateral lobes arcuate and extended caudally; in ventral view symmetrical, medioventral process short, triangular. Anal segment (Fig. 3 F, H) in lateral view flat tubular, dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight; in dorsal view, 2.32 times as long as wide; anal style big, elliptic, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 3 I, G) in lateral view L-shaped, curved dorsally near the middle, ventral margin sunken at basal 1 / 3, with a small process; in ventral view lateral margins curved, bent into a rectangular-shape at apex, directed reversely, inner margins sunken at base form a small process, middle part protrudes slightly. Aedeagus (Fig. 3 J – M) with a spinose process. Periandrium in ventral margin with a wide lamellar process at apical half, nearly basal part frizzy; dorsal margin with a long strip-shaped process, tapering to apex, with a long hook shaped near the middle, directed ventrocephalad; apical part with a slender spinous process, curved ventrally at base, slowly sloping to straight, then bends almost 90 degrees to the abdomen, directed ventrad. Endosoma slightly sclerotized, without process.</p><p>Female genitalia. Tergite IX (Fig. 4 A, D) moderately sclerotized, without wax plate. Anal segment (Fig. 4 C) rectangular, 1.80 times as long as wide in dorsal view, anal style angular. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 4 E) elongate, curved upwards. Gonapophysis IX (Fig. 4 F) with two middle teeth, denticulation unsharp. Gonoplac (Fig. 4 G) rod-like, 6.65 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior vagina pattern as shown in Figure 4 B.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named after its the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in which it was collected.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is similar to P. circinatus Wang &amp; Chen, 2023, but differs from the latter in: (1) gonostyli in ventral view bent into a rectangular shape at apex (gonostyli in ventral view not bent into a rectangular shape at apex in P. circinatus); (2) long spinose process of periandrium non-circular at apical part (long spinose process of periandrium circular at apical part in P. circinatus); and (3) periandrium with a long hook-shaped process near the middle (periandrium without a long hook-shaped process near the middle in P. circinatus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/178AF932DFEF5512A161BAF7BFFCFA5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lv, Sha-Sha;Gong, Nian;Wang, Xiao-Ya;Yang, Lin;Zhang, Yu-Bo;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Lv, Sha-Sha, Gong, Nian, Wang, Xiao-Ya, Yang, Lin, Zhang, Yu-Bo, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2025): Three new species of the genus Parandes Muir, 1925 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) from China, with an updated checklist and key to species. ZooKeys 1248: 209-223, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.159068
F91629BF8413518A9FF6B511FC6B69BF.text	F91629BF8413518A9FF6B511FC6B69BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parandes hamatus Lv & Chen 2025	<div><p>Parandes hamatus Lv &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Menglun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.25/lat 21.966667)">Mangang Village</a>; 21°58'N, 101°15'E; sweeping, 9 August 2023; Sha-Sha Lv leg.; IEGU . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Menglun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.25/lat 21.966667)">Mangang Village</a>; 21°58'N, 101°15'E; sweeping, 9 August 2023; Feng-E Li and Sha-Sha Lv leg.; IEGU . • 2 ♂♂; Yunnan Province, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.7/lat 21.2)">Mohan Town</a>; 21°12'N, 101°42'E; sweeping, 11 August 2023; Sha-Sha Lv leg.; IEGU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The salient features of the new species include: gonostyli in ventral view (Fig. 5 G) bent into a rectangular shape at apex, with an angular process near the middle; dorsal margin of periandrium (Fig. 5 J – M) with a hook-like process near the middle, ventral margin with a wide subquadrilateral process nearly basal to the middle part; slender spinose process of periandrium circular at apical part.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. Total length: male 6.4–6.7 mm (N = 4), female 7.5 mm (N = 1).</p><p>Coloration. General color brown (Fig. 5 A, B). Vertex dark brown, lateral carinae yellowish brown. Eyes red-black. Ocelli faint red. Frons yellowish brown to dark brown, lateral carinae light yellowish brown at basal half, rest brown, lateral side of head with a grey-brown spot anterior to the eyes. Clypeus yellowish brown. Antennae gray-brown. Pronotum greyish white, yellowish brown behind eyes. Mesonotum brown at middle part, yellowish to yellowish brown at lateral sides. Tegula yellowish brown. Forewings semi-translucent, grayish white, with many variform yellowish brown to brown and dark brown stripes and markings, stigma yellowish brown, veins and tubercles greyish white to yellowish brown, as shown in Figure 5 E.</p><p>Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig. 5 A, C) 1.51 times as long as wide, width at apex narrower than at base (1: 2.22), anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin U-shaped, recessed, lateral carina developed, median carina absent. Frons (Fig. 5 D) longer in middle line than wide at widest portion (about 3.65: 1), widest at nearly apex, lateral carina developed, apex of median carina raised. Clypeus (Fig. 5 D) with distinct median carina. Pronotum (Fig. 5 A, C) shorter than vertex in midline (1: 1.57), posterior margin recessed. Mesonotum (Fig. 5 A, C) longer than 1.76 times pronotum and vertex combined. Forewings (Fig. 5 E) 2.19 times as long as wide, with twelve apical cells and seven subapical cells, RP 3 branches, MP with 5 terminals: MP 11, MP 12, MP 2, MP 3, and MP 4, fork MP 1 + MP 2 basad of fork MP 3 + MP 4. Hind tibia with six lateral spines.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 5 F, G) ventral margin distinctly longer than dorsal margin in lateral view, posterior margin with middle part distinctly convex, lateral lobes arcuate and extended caudally; in ventral view symmetrical, medioventral process short, angular. Anal segment (Fig. 5 F, H) in lateral view flat tubular, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin curved slightly; in dorsal view apical part angular, 2.42 times as long as wide; anal style tonguelike, big, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 5 I, G) in lateral view curved dorsally, L-shaped, ventral margin with a dentoid process, directed cephalad; in ventral view bent into a rectangular shape at apex, directed reversely, middle part of inner margins broad suddenly, with an angular process. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 J – M) with a spinose process. Periandrium in ventral margin with a suboblong lamellar process at apical part, nearly basal to the middle part with a wide subquadrilateral process; dorsal margin with a hook-like process near the middle, tapering to apex, directed ventrocephalad; apical part with a slender process, curved ventrally at base, slowly sloping, then curved in a circle from middle part to proximal apex, directed cephalad. Endosoma slightly sclerotized, without process.</p><p>Female genitalia. Tergite IX (Fig. 6 A, D) moderately sclerotized, without wax plate. Anal segment (Fig. 6 C) rectangular, 1.82 times as long as wide in dorsal view, anal style egg-shaped. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 6 E) elongate, curved upwards. Gonapophysis IX (Fig. 6 F) with two middle teeth, denticulation unsharp. Gonoplac (Fig. 6 G) rod-like, 6.32 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior vagina pattern as shown in Figure 6 B.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan Province) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from the Latin word “ hamatus ”, referring to the dorsal margin of the periandrium with a hook-like process near the middle.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is similar to P. fuscus Wang &amp; Chen, 2023, but differs from the latter in: (1) forewing with several large variform markings at basal 2 / 3, apex light brown, with a few pale spots and small dark brown markings (forewing with a few small stripes at basal 2 / 3, apex dark brown, with a few pale spots in P. fuscus); (2) gonostyli bent into a rectangular shape at apex (gonostyli not bent into rectangular shape at apex in P. fuscus); and (3) dorsal margin of periandrium with a hook-like process near the middle (dorsal margin of periandrium without a hook-like process near the middle in P. fuscus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F91629BF8413518A9FF6B511FC6B69BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lv, Sha-Sha;Gong, Nian;Wang, Xiao-Ya;Yang, Lin;Zhang, Yu-Bo;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Lv, Sha-Sha, Gong, Nian, Wang, Xiao-Ya, Yang, Lin, Zhang, Yu-Bo, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2025): Three new species of the genus Parandes Muir, 1925 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) from China, with an updated checklist and key to species. ZooKeys 1248: 209-223, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.159068
7B4FFBFD791D5ED59BE19C13E156E244.text	7B4FFBFD791D5ED59BE19C13E156E244.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parandes Muir 1925	<div><p>Parandes Muir, 1925</p><p>Parandes Muir, 1925: 511; Wang et al. 2023 b: 112.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Parandes simplus Muir, 1925, original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>For the diagnosis of Parandes see Wang et al. (2023 b: 112).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Indonesia (Fig. 1).</p><p>Checklist and distributions of species of Parandes Muir, 1925</p><p>P. circinatus Wang &amp; Chen, 2023; China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>P. elongatus Lv &amp; Chen, sp. nov.; China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>P. fuscus Wang &amp; Chen, 2023; China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>P. guangxiensis Lv &amp; Chen, sp. nov.; China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).</p><p>P. hamatus Lv &amp; Chen, sp. nov.; China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>P. simplus Muir, 1925; Indonesia (West Borneo State).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B4FFBFD791D5ED59BE19C13E156E244	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lv, Sha-Sha;Gong, Nian;Wang, Xiao-Ya;Yang, Lin;Zhang, Yu-Bo;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Lv, Sha-Sha, Gong, Nian, Wang, Xiao-Ya, Yang, Lin, Zhang, Yu-Bo, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2025): Three new species of the genus Parandes Muir, 1925 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) from China, with an updated checklist and key to species. ZooKeys 1248: 209-223, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.159068
