identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1D3087E591622625C614AA361486F9E8.text	1D3087E591622625C614AA361486F9E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aztlanolagus RUSSELL et HARRIS 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aztlanolagus is  Pliopentalagus</p>
            <p> Aztlanolagus agilis was first described by Russell and Harris in 1986, based on numerous materials from the Rancholabrean land-mammal age (Wisconsinan age, ca. 30 ka) in southern New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Mexico (Russell and Harris 1986). They compared  A. agilis with  Nekrolagus progressus HIBBARD, 1939 in detail. They also mentioned some similarity with Old World leporines, including  Pentalagus LYON, 1904 , but suggested  Nekrolagus HIBBARD, 1939 as showing the greatest similarity with  Aztlanolagus RUSSELL et HARRIS, 1986 , mainly because PIR is represented by the enamel lake, rather than the open reentrant angle. </p>
            <p> Winkler and Tomida (1988) described additional specimens of  A. agilis , from Fyllan Cave (Irvingtonian land-mammal age;&gt;0.73 Ma), central Texas, and from 111 Ranch (Blancan land-mammal age; ca. 2.5 Ma), southeastern Arizona. They extended the geographic range of this species to central Texas and Arizona, and the temporal range to ca. 2.5 Ma. These authors also agreed with Russell and Harris (1986) that  Aztlanolagus is most closely related to  Nekrolagus . </p>
            <p> However, while studying the specimens of  Pliopentalagus spp. from Dajushan, in Anhui Province, China, CJ and YT recognized that the enamel patterns of not only p3 but also p4–m2 are quite similar to  Aztlanolagus , and that one of the p4–m 2 specimen of  Aztlanolagus possesses a small AER (Winkler and Tomida 1988: fig. 2B) as seen in  Pliopentalagus from Dajushan. </p>
            <p> In fact, except for the size,  Pl. huainanensis and  Aztlanolagus agilis are very similar in (1) general form of five reentrant angles and general outline of p3, (2) all the specimens possess an enamel lake at the position of PIR (as demonstrated below), (3) general form of enamel crenulations of the anterior wall of the talonid on p4–m2, and (4) some specimens possess an AER on p4–m2 (see Text-figs 3, 4). Thus, we propose that  Aztlanolagus be </p>
            <p>p3 p4–m2</p>
            <p> Pentalagus furnessi (Recent)</p>
            <p>b</p>
            <p>a</p>
            <p> Pl. anhuiensis</p>
            <p>(Late Pliocene)</p>
            <p>d e f</p>
            <p> Pl. dajushanensis</p>
            <p>(Early Pliocene)</p>
            <p>g h i j</p>
            <p> Pl. huainanensis</p>
            <p>(latest Miocene)</p>
            <p>k l m n</p>
            <p>0 1 2 3 4 mm</p>
            <p> synonymized with  Pliopentalagus , but retain  A. agilis as a valid species because of its obvious smaller size. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D3087E591622625C614AA361486F9E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tomida, Yukimitsu;Jin, Chang-Zhu;Winkler, Alisa J.;Oshima, Mitsuharu	Tomida, Yukimitsu, Jin, Chang-Zhu, Winkler, Alisa J., Oshima, Mitsuharu (2024): Aztlanolagus Revisited And The Dynamic Evolution Of Pliopentalagus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) In The Holarctic Region. Fossil Imprint 80 (2): 229-238, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2024.018
1D3087E591652620C535AE23172AFE91.text	1D3087E591652620C535AE23172AFE91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pliopentalagus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pliopentalagus fossil records in Europe </p>
            <p> The genus  Pliopentalagus was first described by Gureev and Konkova in 1964 (in Gureev 1964: 129) from the locality Budǎi, Moldavian SSR (currently Republic of Moldova) with the type species  Pl. moldaviensis . The specimens are rather poorly preserved, but illustrations show these characters of the genus: p3 has five reentrant angles with the posterior walls of PIR and PER crenulated, and M2 has a deep reentrant angle with many fairly deep crenulations on the anterior and posterior walls. A second species,  Pl. dietrichi , was first described as  Alilepus dietrichi by Fejfar in 1961, from Ivanovce near Trenčín, ČSSR (currently Slovak Republic). Daxner and Fejfar (1967) redescribed the material of Fejfar (1961) with additional material from the same locality.  Pl. moldaviensis is a poorly known species of the genus, and the differences from  Pl. dietrichi are unclear. Probably, they could be synonymized as Daxner and Fejfar (1967) pointed out, and in fact Čermák and Wagner (2013: 104) also synonymize this species.  Pl. dietrichi is also documented from Germany, Romania, and Bulgaria (Čermák and Wagner 2013). </p>
            <p> The geologic age of Ivanovce is currently correlated with the Early Pliocene (late Ruscinian, MN 15b) (Čermák and Wagner 2013). We follow the descriptions of  Pl. dietrichi by Daxner and Fejfar (1967) and do not repeat them here. We examined the condition of PIR (either enamel lake or open reentrant angle) on p3 and noted presence/absence of AER on p4–m2, based on the literature (Fejfar 1961, Daxner and Fejfar 1967). </p>
            <p> There are seven adult p3s, all of which are illustrated in Fejfar (1961: fig. 2a–d) and Daxner and Fejfar (1967: fig. 1a–c). Six of them possess PIR, instead of an enamel lake, and one (No. 65139, paratype) possesses PIR and PER connected, but PIR is still an open reentrant angle. Thus, counting No. 65139 as having an open PIR, all seven specimens possess PIR, and none have an enamel lake (0 %). Daxner and Fejfar (1967) listed 25 p4–m 2 adult specimens, including those in the mandible and isolated. Although not all the specimens are illustrated, 13 are and none of them have an AER. In addition, Fejfar (1961) and Daxner and Fejfar (1967) describe tooth morphology in detail, but they never mention the presence of AER. Thus, we conclude that  Pl. dietrichi does not possess AER on p4–m2 (0 %) (Tab. 1). One of the reviewers supported our conclusion by mentioning that he never found AER in p4– m2 out of a complete type series (Čermák, pers. comm., Sept. 9, 2024). </p>
            <p>One specimen (No. 651377; Daxner and Fejfar 1967: fig. 4a), a partial maxilla with dentition, shows the position of the palatal fossa, but the entire palatal bridge is not preserved. Thus, the length/width ratio of the palatal bridge is not available.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D3087E591652620C535AE23172AFE91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tomida, Yukimitsu;Jin, Chang-Zhu;Winkler, Alisa J.;Oshima, Mitsuharu	Tomida, Yukimitsu, Jin, Chang-Zhu, Winkler, Alisa J., Oshima, Mitsuharu (2024): Aztlanolagus Revisited And The Dynamic Evolution Of Pliopentalagus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) In The Holarctic Region. Fossil Imprint 80 (2): 229-238, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2024.018
1D3087E591662620C6C1AA5913B8F9BA.text	1D3087E591662620C6C1AA5913B8F9BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pliopentalagus GUREEV et KONKOVA	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Pliopentalagus GUREEV et KONKOVA in GUREEV, 1964 </p>
            <p> S y n o n y m.  Aztlanolagus RUSSELL et HARRIS, 1986 . </p>
            <p> Ty p e s p e c i e s.  Pliopentalagus moldaviensis GUREEV et KONKOVA in GUREEV, 1964. </p>
            <p>O r i g i n a l d i a g n o s i s. See Gureev (1964: 129).</p>
            <p> E m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s. (Emended after Tomida and Jin 2009.) Body size small to medium; diastema of lower jaw short; lower incisor terminates more anteriorly than  Hypolagus ; enamel crenulations of reentrants on cheek teeth complicated; p3 possesses all five reentrants (counting enamel lake as a modification of PIR); posterior walls of PER and PIR (or enamel lake) thin and well crenulated; PIR on p3 always isolated as an enamel lake in primitive species, and ratio of the presence of enamel lake decreases in advanced species; p4–m2 with anterior wall of talonid well and deeply crenulated but not as deep as in  Pentalagus , and with small AER in majority of the population in primitive species; length of palatal bridge relatively long in primitive species and becomes shorter in one lineage and longer in another lineage; P3–M2 with internal reentrant fold deep and enamel crenulations of both anterior and posterior walls deep and heavy but less than in  Pentalagus . </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d s p e c i e s.  P. huainanensis JIN, 2004 , late Late Miocene, China (Anhui Province);  P. dajushanensis TOMIDA etJIN, 2009, Early Pliocene, China (Anhui Province);  P. anhuiensis TOMIDA et JIN, 2009 , Late Pliocene, China (Anhui Province);  P. dietrichi (FEJFAR, 1961; originally described as the genus  Alilepus ), late Early Pliocene (MN 15), Europe;  Pliopentalagus okuyamai TOMIDA et TAKAHASHI, 2023 , ca. 3.5 Ma (middle Pliocene), Japan;  P. progressivus LIU et ZHENG, 1997 , Early Pleistocene, China (Henan Province); and  P. agilis (RUSSELL et HARRIS, 1986; originally described as the genus  Aztlanolagus ), Pleistocene – Holocene (?), North America (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico). </p>
            <p>O c c u r r e n c e. From the late Late Miocene to late Pliocene in Asia, Early Pliocene in Europe, and from the earliest to latest Pleistocene, Holocene? in North America.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D3087E591662620C6C1AA5913B8F9BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tomida, Yukimitsu;Jin, Chang-Zhu;Winkler, Alisa J.;Oshima, Mitsuharu	Tomida, Yukimitsu, Jin, Chang-Zhu, Winkler, Alisa J., Oshima, Mitsuharu (2024): Aztlanolagus Revisited And The Dynamic Evolution Of Pliopentalagus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) In The Holarctic Region. Fossil Imprint 80 (2): 229-238, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2024.018
