identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1E42067D2A52C443FF1DFADDF42236A6.text	1E42067D2A52C443FF1DFADDF42236A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Doradidae Bleeker 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  DORADIDAE BLEEKER, 1858 (CLADE 21) </p>
            <p> Doradini Bleeker, 1858a: 39 (type genus:  Doras La Cepède, 1803 ; also in Bleeker, 1858b: 48, 52). </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d t a x a: A c a n t h o d o r a s B l e e k e r, 1 8 6 2, *  Agamyxis Cope, 1878 ,  Franciscodoras Eigenmann, 1925 ,  Astrodoradinae Higuchi et al., 2007, Doradinae Bleeker, 1858 and Wertheimerinae Birindelli, 2014. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Doradidae is diagnosed by 13 molecular and seven morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) midlateral scutes present (char. 3528: 0 → 1); and (2) ventral process on fourth basibranchial present (char. 3643: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (3) gill rakers of first branchial arch distinctly longer than those in remaining arches (char. 3637: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ariidae , some mochokids,  Pimelodus, Auchenipterini ,  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ; (4) posterior process of third epibranchial of approximately the same length as its mesial portion (char. 3648: 0 → 1), convergent in several siluriforms; (5) distal portion of posterior process of third epibranchial pointed (char. 3649: 0 → 1); convergent in several auchenipterids; (6) posterior nuchal plate broad (char. 3673: 0 → 1), convergent in some auchenipterids; and (7) hypurapophysis of type B (Lundberg &amp; Baskin, 1969) (char. 3747: 2 → 1), convergent in some auchenipterids, reversed in  Megalodoras uranoscopus . </p>
            <p>Additional synapomorphies: Ligament present between Müllerian ramus and lateral line (char. 212: 0 → 1, exclusive); infranuchal ligament between posterior nuchal plate and first rib ossified (char. 213: 1 → 2, exclusive); pectoral-fin spine locking foramen absent (char. 253: 0 → 1); and six or seven branched rays in ventral lobe of caudal fin (char. 306: 1 → 0). In addition, the coronomeckelian bone connected to dentary (char.137: 0 → 1) was also proposed by Birindelli (2014) as diagnostic for the family, but in the present observations, the coronomeckelian bone of auchenipterids contacts the dentary in the same way as in doradids, with the shape and size of the coronomeckelian bone being variable between both families (Birindelli, 2014).</p>
            <p> Comparisons: Doradids are distinguished from all  Siluriformes by having one longitudinal row of bony scutes on each side of the midlateral portion of body, in which each midlateral scute bears a backward-directed thorn (except  Wertheimeria , although sometimes, large individuals possess such scutes in the caudal peduncle; vs. bony scutes absent in  Siluriformes , except  Loricariidae and Callichthydae, in diverse configurations); it differs from  Auchenipteridae by the subterminal or ventral mouth, except  Astrodoradinae (vs. terminal mouth, except  Ageneiosini ), lack of suborbital groove (vs. suborbital groove present), and intromittent organ absent in anal fin of males (vs. intromittent organ present, anterior to or attached at anterior rays, in anal fin of males). </p>
            <p> FAMILY  AUCHENIPTERIDAE BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 29) </p>
            <p> Euanemini Bleeker, 1858a: 39 (type genus:  Euanemus Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 ; also in Bleeker, 1858b: 49). </p>
            <p> Auchenipterini Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 14 (type genus:  Auchenipterus Valenciennes , in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1840; name in prevailing recent practice, ICZN Article 35.5). </p>
            <p> Type genus:  Auchenipterus Valenciennes, 1840 . </p>
            <p> Included subfamilies:  Auchenipterinae Bleeker, 1862 and  Centromochlinae Bleeker, 1862 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Auchenipteridae is diagnosed by 20 molecular and 14 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) suborbital groove to lodge maxillary bone present (char. 3501: 0 → 1); (2) urogenital pore of female enlarged, ending in internal cavity for insemination (char. 3733: 0 → 1); (3) anal fin of male with intromittent organ (char. 3734: 0 → 1); (4) anterior rays of anal fin of nuptial males larger than in non-nuptial males (char. 3743: 0 → 1); (5) first hypobranchial funnel shaped, with constriction on mid-portion and medial margin narrower than lateral (char. 3645: 0 → 1), reversed in several auchenipterids; and (6) cartilage on lateral process of basipterygium anteriorly elongated (char. 3727: 0 → 1), r e v e r s e d i n E n t o m o c o r u s, E p a p t e r u s,  Glanidium ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 . Non-exclusive: (7) antorbital participating in orbital margin (char. 3514: 0 → 1), convergent in  Helogenes , reversed in  Ageneiosini ,  Gelanoglanis and  Trachelyopterus insignis ; (8) ventral projection on antorbital present (char. 3516: 0 → 1), convergent in  Anadoras grypus ,  Bunocephalus doriae and  Pimelodus maculatus ; (9) premaxillary curved (char. 3584: 0 → 1), reversed in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi , convergent in  Pseudobunocephalus and  Helogenes ; (10) levator operculi crest on hyomandibula present (char. 3617: 0 → 1), convergent in  Helogenes and most mochokids, reversed in several auchenipterids; (11) interopercle short, ovoid (char. 3626: 0 → 2), reversed in several auchenipterids, convergent in  Helogenes and  Aspredo aspredo ; (12) os suspensorium reduced (char. 3655: 0 → 1), reversed in several a u ch e n i p t e r i d s, c o n v e r g e n t i n s o m e d o r a d i d s,  Pseudobunocephalus and  Euchilichthys dybowskii ; (13) basal process of pelvic-fin rays dorsally oriented (char. 3732: 0 → 1), reversed in  Ageneiosini ,  Asterophysus ,  Gelanoglanis, Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ),  Trachelyopterus ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes , convergent in  Aspredo aspredo ,  Bunocephalus doriae ,  Megalodoras uranoscopus and  Rhynchodoras woodsi ; and (14) ventral process on hypurapophysis present (char. 3748: 0 → 1), reversed in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura ,  Gelanoglanis and  Trachelyopterini , convergent in  Genidens barbus and most mochokids. </p>
            <p>Additional synapomorphies: maxillary barbel moving vertically (char. 13: 0&gt; 1, exclusive); posterior testicular lobes modified into hypertrophied storage bags (char. 44: 0&gt; 1); and vertical rows of neuromasts dorsal to lateral line present (char. 117: 0&gt; 1) (Birindelli, 2014).</p>
            <p> Comparisons: Auchenipterids differ from other  Siluriformes by having a suborbital groove (vs. suborbital region without depression), secondary sexual dimorphism present in anal fin of males; genital tube present attached to anteriormost ray or anterior to anal fin (vs. lack of intromittent organ, except  Astroblepidae and  Scoloplacidae ), anal fin of nuptial males larger than non-nuptial males (vs. anal fin of nuptial males and non-nuptial males of same size). </p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  CENTROMOCHLINAE BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 30) </p>
            <p> Centromochli Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 7 (type genus:  Centromochlus Kner, 1857 ). </p>
            <p> Included tribes:  Centromochlini ,  Gelanoglanini ,  Glanidiini and  Pseudotatiini . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Centromochlinae is diagnosed by 28 molecular and eight morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) secondary sexual dimorphism in anal fin present, male and female with distinct anal-fin shape (char. 3737: 0 → 1); and (2) proximal radials of anal fin partly or totally fused in nuptial males (char. 3738: 0 → 1); Non-exclusive: (3) posterior process of posttemporal–supracleithrum anteroventrally oriented (char. 3561: 0 → 1), reversed in  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium sp. 1 RS, and  Glanidium sp. 2 RS, convergent in several auchenipterids; (4) lateroposterior portion of sphenotic slightly concave (char. 3552: 0 → 1), reversed in  Glanidium ,  Centromochlus heckelii , some species of  Tatia , convergent in  Liosomadoras morrowi ,  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ,  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ,  Trachelyopterus lucenai ,  Trachelyopterus porosus , some mochokids and doradids and  Pimelodus tetramerus Ribeiro &amp; Lucena, 2006; (5) maxilla elongated, rod-like (char. 3590: 0 → 1), reversed in  Glanidium and  Tatia , convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and some mochokids; (6) middle nuchal plate and parieto-supraoccipital in contact (char. 3672: 0 → 1), reversed in  Centromochlus ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Glanidium and some species of  Tatia , convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Asterophysus ,  Entomocorus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus , some mochokids,  Ariidae ,  Nemadoras humeralis and  Rhynchodoras woodsi ; (7) anterior margin of pectoral girdle anteriorly pointed (char. 3694: 0 → 2), reversed in  Tatia simplex ,  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Tatia intermedia ,  Tatia sp. 4 , convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Entomocorus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachycorystes menezesi ,  Spinipterus acsi ,  Pimelodus ,  Helogenes ,  Pterobunocephalus depressus and  Trachycodoras nattereri ; and (8) cartilage on posterior margin of basipterygium elongated, approximately same length as basipterygium (char. 3730: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Auchenipterichthys punctatus and  Trachelyopterichthys . </p>
            <p>Additional synapomorphies: four to six branchiostegal rays (char. 177: 1 → 0); and five branched dorsal-fin rays (char. 237: 0 → 1) (Birindelli, 2014).</p>
            <p> Comparisons: Centromochlines are distinguished from auchenipterines by several characteristics related to modifications of the anal fin for copulation, such as: short anal-fin base (males and females); presence of secondary sexual dimorphism in the anal fin, where males have a drop-shaped anal fin (vs. lack of sexual dimorphism in the shape of the anal fin in the non-reproductive season); genital tube of adult males located anterior to the anal-fin rays and apart from anal-fin base (vs. genital tube of adult males attached to the base of anal-fin origin and united by skin anteriorly to the anal-fin rays); proximal radials of the anal fin fused in nuptial males, transforming the fin into a strong, functional structure (vs. proximal radials of anal fin not fused to each other); and, except for  Gelanoglanis , the genital papilla of adult males with a hood-like flap of skin covering urogenital base (vs. genital papilla of adult males not covered by a hood-like flap of skin). Additionally, this subfamily is distinguished from the remaining auchenipterids by the very elongate cartilage on the posterior margin of the basipterygium, with approximately the same length as the basipterygium (vs. cartilage short). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A52C443FF1DFADDF42236A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A5CC443FF64F999F24231FE.text	1E42067D2A5CC443FF64F999F24231FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gelanoglanini CALEGARI, VARI & REIS 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIBE  GELANOGLANINI CALEGARI, VARI &amp; REIS TRIB. NOV. (CLADE 31) </p>
            <p> Type genus:  Gelanoglanis Böhlke, 1980 . </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: E5676982-D0D0-4EE7-8BE2- DC9285AE2752</p>
            <p> Included genera:  Gelanoglanis Böhlke, 1980 and  Ferrarissoaresia Grant, 2015 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Gelanoglanini is diagnosed by five molecular and five morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) gill filaments not ossified (char.3641: 0 → 1), convergent in  Balroglanis schultzi ,  Balroglanis macracanthus and  Duringlanis romani ; (2) anterior nuchal plate absent (char. 3670: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Pseudepapterus and Clade 58 in  Tatia ; (3) four pterygiophores supporting soft dorsal-fin ray (char. 3675: 2 → 3), convergent in  Glanidium cesarpintoi , most species of  Tatia ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys anduzei ,some species of  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus ; (4) serration on anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine absent (char. 3689: 1 → 0), convergent in  Centromochlus existimatus, Auchenipterini and  Trachelyichthys ; and (5) suture between scapulo-coracoids conspicuously interdigitated up to middle of coracoids, or only near posterior border (char. 3714: 1 → 2), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Pseudepapterus and some species of  Tatia . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A5CC443FF64F999F24231FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A5CC441FC8AFCB1F7813019.text	1E42067D2A5CC441FC8AFCB1F7813019.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gelanoglanis Bohlke 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  GELANOGLANIS BÖHLKE, 1980 (CLADE 32) </p>
            <p> Gelanoglanis Böhlke, 1980: 150 (type species:  Gelanoglanis stroudi Böhlke, 1980 ; type by original designation. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Gelanoglanis nanonocticolus Soares-Porto, Walsh, Nico &amp; Netto, 1999 ,  Gelanoglanis pan Calegari, Reis &amp; Vari, 2014 ,  Gelanoglanis stroudi Böhlke, 1980 ,  Gelanoglanis travieso Rengifo, Lujan, Taphorn &amp; Petry, 2008 ,  Gelanoglanis varii Calegari &amp; Reis, 2016 ,  Gelanoglanis sp. 1 Peru Sabaj-Pérez et al., undescribed, and  Gelanoglanis sp. 2 Peru Sabaj-Pérez et al., undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Gelanoglanis is diagnosed by 37 molecular and 50 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) soft papillae on maxillary barbel (char. 3502: 0 → 1); (2) nasal unossified (char. 3511: 0 → 1); (3) passageway of mandibular ramus outside to lower jaw (char. 3524: 0 → 1); (4) lateral line ending well before caudal-fin peduncle, approximately at end of anal fin (char. 3526: 0 → 2); (5) mesethmoid, elongate and narrow in dorsal view (char. 3532: 2 → 3); (6) anterior region of head with fleshy region anterior to mesethmoid and premaxillae (char. 3535: 0 → 1); (7) premaxillae positioned laterally to mesethmoid in dorsal view (char. 3536: 0 → 2); (8) anteroventral portion of mesethmoid with process developed into laminar keel (char. 3537: 2 → 0); (9) anterior cranial fontanel absent (char. 3539: 0 → 1); (10) vomer fused to mesethmoid (char. 3572: 0 → 1); (11) premaxilla vertically laminar (char. 3583: 0 → 3); (12) sesamoid 1 extremelly reduced, spherical to ovoid shaped (char. 3621: 1 → 3); (13) first two branchial arches without gill rakers (char. 3635: 1 → 2); (14) third and fourth branchial arches without gill rakers (char. 3636: 0 → 2); (15) third proximal radial of pectoral fin absent (char. 3698: 0 → 1); (16) dorsal process of cleithrum distinctively large, approximately the same length as the pectoral-fin spine (char. 3708: 0 → 1); (17) scapulo-coracoid without bony crest (char. 3719: 1 → 0); (18) proximal radials of anal- fin totally fused to each other in mature males (char. 3739: 0 → 1); and (19) first unbranched ray of ventral lobe of caudal fin articulated on parahypural (char. 3749: 1 → 0). Non-exclusive: (20) one pair of mental barbels (char. 3504: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini ; (21) antorbital not participating on orbital margin (char.3514: 1 → 0), convergent in  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Ageneiosini ; (22) ventral projection on antorbital absent (char. 3516: 1 → 0), convergent in  Asterophysus ; (23) lateral ethmoid contacting only mesial portion of antorbital(char.3517:2→0),convergent in some species of  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ,  Entomocorus ,  Liosomadoras and  Pseudauchenipterus ; (24) contact between antorbital and lateral ethmoid by ligament (char. 3518: 2 → 0), convergent in  Tympanopleura brevis and  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus ; (25) infraorbitals not ossified (char. 3519: 3 → 6), convergent in small body-sized  Tatia of clade 50 (except  Tatia creutzbergi ); (26) mesethmoid elongated, with length at least twice its width (char. 3533: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterini (except  Pseudauchenipterus ) and  Tetranematichthys ; (27) anteromedial portion of mesethmoid not contacting premaxilla (char. 3534: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini and  Pseudepapterus ; (28) posterior process of epioccipital forming simple spine (char. 3563: 3 → 0), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Balroglanis schultzi ,  Entomocorus and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (29)premaxilla straight (char.3584: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Entomocorus ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi ; (30) distal portion of premaxilla extended (char. 3586: 0 → 1); convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterus and  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis ; (31) premaxillary teeth straight (char. 3589: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (32) coronomeckelian bone positioned oblique (char. 3596: 0 → 1), convergent in most species of  Tatia ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Balroglanis macracanthus and  Liosomadoras ; (33) coronoid process on mandible smaller than posterior portion of dentary (char. 3601: 0 → 2), convergent in some species of  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ,  Entomocorus and  Epapterus ; (34) hyomandibula articulated only to sphenotic (char. 3619: 1 → 3), convergent in several auchenipterids; (35) hyomandibula separated from metapterygoid (char.3620: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Centromochlus ,  Tatia ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Pseudobunocephalus and several doradids; (36) interopercle large, plate shaped (char. 3626: 2 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (37) third and fourth branchial arches without gill rakers (char. 3642: 0 → 2), convergent in  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ; (38) first hypobranchial elongate, cylindrical (char. 3645: 1 → 3), convergent in  Asterophysus ; (39) posterior process of third epibranchial approximately of same length as its mesial portion (char. 3648: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (40) distal portion of posterior process of third epibranchial pointed (char. 3649: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (41) Müllerian ramus reduced, not surpassing one-half the length of the transcapular process (char. 3661: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus and  Pseudepapterus ; (42) proximal extremity of ribs straight (char. 3649: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (43) serration on lateral margin of pectoral-fin spine absent (char. 3702: 1 → 0), convergent in some species of  Ageneiosus ,  Centromochlus and  Auchenipterini (except  Auchenipterus fordicei and  Entomocorus ); (44) posterodorsal process of cleithrum absent (char. 3709: 0→1),convergentinsomespeciesof  Tatia and  Duringlanis perugiae ; (45) posterior process of cleithrum moderated in size, approximately half the length of the pectoral-fin spine (char. 3711: 2 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterini (except  Pseudepapterus ),  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’; (46) posterior process of cleithrum smooth, without ornamentation (char. 3712: 1 → 0), convergent in  Tympanopleura brevis ,  Tympanopleura rondoni ,  Asterophysus, Auchenipterini (except  Pseudauchenipterus flavescens and  Pseudauchenipterus affinis ) and  Tetranematichthys ; (47) contralateral anteromedial processes of basipterygium sutured to each other only on anterior portion (char. 3723: 0 → 2), convergent in  Centromochlus ,  Entomocorus ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Tatia (except  Tatia musaica and  Tatia meesi ),  Trachelyopterichthys and some species of  Trachelyopterus ; (48) basal process of pelvic-fin rays posteromedially oriented (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (49) hypurapophysis of type D (Lundberg &amp; Baskin, 1969) (char. 3747: 2 → 3), convergent in some species of  Trachelyopterus ; and (50) ventral process of hypurapophysis absent (char. 3748: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids. </p>
            <p> Additional diagnosis: posterior naris long, narrow and located immediately anterior to eye (Calegari et al., 2014: char. 2); and mouth oblique and sinuous, with free fleshy flange around angle of mouth opening (Calegari et al., 2014: char. 5). The only synapomorphy proposed by Soares-Porto et al. (1999) not included in the present analysis is the short base in all fins (except caudal fin), including relatively few fin rays (Calegari et al., 2014: char. 6). However, the present results indicate that  Gelanoglanis is similar to the remaining  Centromochlinae with respect to the number of fin rays and the size of the fin base, not representing a diagnostic feature (Böhlke, 1980; Soares-Porto et al., 1999; Calegari et al., 2014). </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Gelanoglanis is the only miniature group of species in the family, thus easily distinguished by the smaller body size. It differs from other auchenipterid genera by the laterally compressed head (vs. rounded head, slightly or deeply depressed), sinuous shape of the mouth in lateral view (vs. mouth straight), anterior portion of snout with a fleshy region, not supported by skeleton (vs. anterior portion of snout structured by premaxilla and mesethmoid bones), premaxillae positioned laterally to the mesethmoid (vs. premaxilla positioned anterior or anterolaterally), premaxilla laminar and oriented vertically to the head (vs. premaxilla horizontally oriented), passageway of mandibular ramus of lateral line system running outside to the lower jaw (vs. mandibular ramus running inside dentary), lateral line ending well before caudal-fin peduncle, approximately at the end of the anal fin (vs. reaching near or surpassing the caudal fin). Furthermore, it differs from all auchenipterids, except  Ageneiosini , by having one pair of mental barbels (vs. two pairs of mental barbels). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A5CC441FC8AFCB1F7813019	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A5EC441FF73FCAAF363359D.text	1E42067D2A5EC441FF73FCAAF363359D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ferrarissoaresia Grant 2015	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  FERRARISSOARESIA GRANT, 2015 STAT. NOV.</p>
            <p> Centromochlus (Ferrarissoaresia) Grant, 2015: 3 (type species:  Centromochlus meridionalis Sarmento-Soares, Cabeceira, Carvalho, Zuanon &amp; Akama, 2013 , by original designation and monotypy. Gender feminine). lsid: zoobank.org:act: 9F4414A7-126A-4DE0-8010- 41B11730AC6E </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d s p e c i e s: * Fe r r a r i s s o a r e s i a f e r r a r i s i (Birindelli, Sarmento-Soares &amp; Lima, 2015) and  Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis (Sarmento-Soares, Cabeceira, Carvalho, Zuanon &amp; Akama, 2013) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ferrarissoaresia is diagnosed by 43 molecular and five morphological autapomorphies: Exclusive: (1) axillary slit absent in adults (char. 3498: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Liosomadoras morrowi ,  Trachelyopterus lucenai ,  Trachelyopterus teaguei and  Trachycorystes menezesi . Non-exclusive: (2) epiphyseal bar present in anterior cranial fontanel (char. 3540: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlus, Glanidiumcesarpintoi ,  Tympanopleura atronasus ,  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Auchenipterichthys thoracatus ,  Auchenipterus ambyiacus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyopterichthys , some species of  Trachelyopterus and  Trachycorystes menezesi ; (3) coronoid process of anguloarticular developed into a thin and conspicuous process (char. 3602: 1 → 0), convergent in clade 90 in  Auchenipterini ,  Glanidium ,  Liosomadoras , some species of  Tatia ,  Tetranematichthys, Trachelyopterina, Trachycorystina and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (4) posterior bony projection on last pterygiophore of dorsal fin (char. 3680: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlus ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Balroglanis schultzi , some species of  Tatia and several auchenipterines; and (5) anterolateral and anteromedial processes of basipterygium approximately of same length (char. 3725: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ),  Glanidium ,  Trachycorystes menezesi ,  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus . </p>
            <p> Comparisons: Ferrarissoaria is distinguished from all  Centromochlinae by the relatively long outer mental barbel, surpassing the pectoral-fin base (vs. outer mental barbel short, similar to the size of the inner barbel, ending much anterior to the pectoral-fin origin); from all  Centromochlinae (except  Gelanoglanis ) by the small eye, approximately one-third of head depth, not surpassing the mouth gap or the line of upper lip (vs. eye relatively large, occupying half of head depth or more), and except  Tatia ,  Glanidium and  Pseudotatia , by having the eye positioned dorsolaterally (vs. eye positioned laterally).  Ferrarissoaresia differs from  Gephyromochlus ,  Centromochlus ,  Duringlanis and  Balroglanis by the eye not being visible in ventral view (vs. visible in ventral view). It is further distinguished from  Centromochlus ,  Tatia and  Gelanoglanis by having the hyomandibular and metapterygoid contacting each other (vs. not contacting each other), and from  Centromochlus ,  Tatia (except  Tatia musaica ,  Tatia meesi ,  Tatia reticulata and  Tatia simplex ) and  Glanidium by the lack of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate present). </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Ferrarissoaresia , with the single species  Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis , has a distinctive body shape and a splotchy colour pattern consisting of median brown speckles with darker large spots concentrated in the dorsolateral surface of body. Although  Centromochlus ferrarisi was not included in the present study, it is provisionally transferred to the genus  Ferrarissoaresia based on the sharing of several diagnostic characters. The lack of an anterior nuchal plate, the hyomandibular contacting the metapterygoid, the small-sized eye positioned dorsolaterally, the short body length, and the outer mental barbel elongated, characteristics not found in  Tatia and  Centromochlus , support the allocation in  Ferrarissoaresia . In spite of that, the inclusion of  Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi in a phylogenetic context is necessary to confirm its generic position. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A5EC441FF73FCAAF363359D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A5EC441FCA7F92BF59C3470.text	1E42067D2A5EC441FCA7F92BF59C3470.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotatiini CALEGARI, VARI & REIS 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIBE  PSEUDOTATIINI CALEGARI, VARI &amp; REIS TRIB. NOV.</p>
            <p> Type genus:  Pseudotatia Mees, 1974 . </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: C6BC3B58-2803-4A6F-A0F6- E41203A34DFB</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A5EC441FCA7F92BF59C3470	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A59C446FED8FB7BF76D367D.text	1E42067D2A59C446FED8FB7BF76D367D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotatia Mees 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  PSEUDOTATIA MEES, 1974</p>
            <p> Pseudotatia Mees, 1974: 105 (type species:  Pseudotatia parva Mees, 1974 ; type by original designation. Gender feminine). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A59C446FED8FB7BF76D367D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A58C445FF61FEC5F2993703.text	1E42067D2A58C445FF61FEC5F2993703.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centromochlus , Kner 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  CENTROMOCHLUS KNER, 1857 (CLADE 38) </p>
            <p> Centromochlus Kner, 1857: 430 (type species:  Centromochlus megalops Kner, 1857 ; type by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 7. Gender masculine. Species considered as junior synonym of  Centromochlus heckelii by Mees, 1974). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Centromochlus existimatus Mees, 1974 and  Centromochlus heckelii (De Filippi, 1853) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Centromochlus is diagnosed by 20 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) ventral keel on parasphenoid present (char. 3576: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Auchenipteridae ; and (2) distal portion of Müllerian ramus protruded posteriorly (char. 3660: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (3) eye extremely large, occupying almost entire head depth (char. 3491: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura ,  Auchenipterus ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Balroglanis schultzi ,  Entomocorus and  Epapterus ; (4) contralateral mandibulae running approximately in parallel (char. 3492: 0 → 1), convergent in  Balroglanis ; (5) epiphyseal bar on anterior cranial fontanel present (char. 3540: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura atronasus ,  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Auchenipterichthys thoracatus ,  Auchenipterus ambyiacus ,  Ferrarissoaresia ,  Liosomadoras ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachycorystes menezesi and some species of  Trachelyopterus ; (6) coronomeckelian bone strongly sutured, continuous to anguloarticular (char. 3597: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Trachelyopterini (except  Trachelyichthys ), Auchenipiterini (except  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae and  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus ),  Glanidium cesarpintoi and  Gephyromochlus ; (7) ascending process of Meckel’s cartilage absent (char. 3598: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Asterophysus within  Auchenipteridae ; (8) coronoid process of mandible absent (char. 3600: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Asterophysus within  Auchenipteridae ; (9) posterodorsal portion of dentary straight (char. 3603: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Asterophysus within  Auchenipteridae ; (10) metapterygoid and hyomandibula separated (char. 3620: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Gelanoglanis and  Tatia ; (11) posterior projection on urohyal in ventral view elongated, at least twice the length of the main body of the urohyal (char. 3628: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus ; (12) distal tips of first hypobranchial approximately with same width, in hourglass shape (char. 3645: 1 → 2), convergent in  Trachelyopterini ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Balroglanis ,  Tatia meesi and  Tatia intermedia ; (13) parapophysis of fifth vertebra small, smaller than subsequent vertebra (3665: 1 → 2), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Auchenipterus osteomystax ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium ribeiroi ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachycorystes and some species of Tracheyopterus; (14) compound centrum including up to eighth vertebra (char. 3667: 3 → 4), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Trachelyopterini (except  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus albicrux and  Trachelyopterus teaguei ); (15) posterior bony projection on last dorsal-fin pterygiophore present (char. 3680: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterichthys (except  Auchenipterichthys punctatus ),  Auchenipterini , some species of  Tatia ,  Tocantinsia and  Trachelyopterina (except  Spinipterus acsi ); (16) dorsal-fin spine elongated, greater than one-third of SL (char. 3685: 0 → 2), convergent in  Tatia intermedia ; (17) anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine smooth, without serration (char. 3702: 1 → 0), some species of  Ageneiosus, Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus and  Auchenipterus fordicei ),  Gelanoglanis and  Gephyromochlus ; (18) pectoral-fin spine elongated, greater than one-third of SL (char. 3706: 0 → 1), convergent in  Balroglanis macracanthus ; (19) posterior portion of basipterygium long, with process developed as wing (char. 3729: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini , Auchenipterina,  Trachycorystina and  Asterophysus ; and (20) anterior portion of fifth hypural contacting point of convergence between third and fourth hypurals and epineural (char. 3752: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterinae (except  Liosomadoras morrowi and  Entomocorus ),  Gelanoglanini and some species of  Tatia . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Centromochlus differs from all  Centromochlinae by having a ventral keel on the anterior half of the parasphenoid (vs. ventral keel absent); except for  Balroglanis by having the proximal portion of the maxillary barbel ventrally positioned, in such a way that it is visible ventrally (vs. proximal portion of maxillary barbel laterally positioned, not visible ventrally); and lateral margins of the mandibulae running approximately in parallel (vs. lateral margins of mandibulae diverging laterally).  Centromochlus differs from all centromochlines, except  Gelanoglanis and  Gephyromochlus , by having the anterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine smooth, without serration (vs. anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine serrated); from all centromochlines, except  Balroglanis and  Duringlanis , by having the eye ventrally displaced, in such a way that that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view (vs. eye not visible, or little visible in ventral view) and, except  Balroglanis , by having the origin of the outer mental barbel aligned near to the vertical line of the inner one (Fig. 1A) (vs. origin of outer mental barbel positioned further laterally relative to the inner, spaced from each other by more than the barbel-base size; Fig. 1D); from  Ferrarissoaresia ,  Duringlanis ,  Balroglanis and  Gephyromochlus by having the posterior process of the urohyal dorsally curved, concave (vs. straight), and by the longer pectoral-fin spine, greater than one-third of SL (vs. less than one-third of SL). It differs from  Balroglanis by having subequal outer and inner barbels (Fig. 1A) (vs. outer mental barbel distinctly longest than inner; Fig. 1C). It differs from  Glanidium and  Tatia (except  Tatia boemia and  Tatia jacaratia ) by the posterior process of the cleithrum being positioned posteriorly (vs. posterior process of cleithrum dorsally inclined). </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Centromochlus was described by Kner (1857) to include two species:  Centromochlus megalops , whose holotype was not designated, and  Centromochlus aulopygius (currently  Tatia ). In his description of  Centromochlus, Kner did not designate a type species for the genus. Additionally, Kner (1857) reported the type locality for  Centromochlus heckelii as Bogotá, without any additional information about a particular river or basin. Given that Bogotá is a town high in the Andes, as already noted by Mees (1974), and there is no records of this species in that region, it indicates that the type locality is not precise and likely to be wrong. Thereafter, Bleeker (1862 –63; volume II: 7), by describing a new ‘Phalanx’ Centromochli, proposed by subsequent designation  Centromochlus megalops as the type species of  Centromochlus , but without any further discussion about the decision. Notwithstanding, in the study addressing the  Auchenipteridae and Pimelodidae diversity of fishes from Suriname, Mees (1974) proposed  Centromochlus megalops Kner, 1857 as a junior synonym of  Centromochlus heckelii . Controversially, Royero (1999: 257), in his PhD dissertation, analysed populations of  Centromochlus heckelii from the Orinoco basin and opted for the revalidation of  Centromochlus megalops . His decision was mostly based on a lot (ICN-MHN 1927) of  Centromochlus from the Meta River in Colombia, which he considered to be a representative of  Centromochlus megalops under a unique distinction of the absence of pigmentation on the caudal peduncle base (vs. pigmentation present in  Centromochlus heckelii ). The syntypes of  Centromochlus megalops analysed herein (see Supporting Information, Appendix S1, Material examined), indeed have the caudal peduncle base with such pigmentation (see Fig. 15, syntype photographs), thus not matching the unique diagnostic feature proposed to distinguish  Centromochlus megalops from  Centromochlus heckelii . Perhaps, this condition of a hyaline caudal-fin base is present only in populations from the Orinoco River other than that in the Meta River, and possibly represent a third species (specimens of that population were not analysed in detail in the present study). Yet, reinforcing that the population in the Meta River is  Centromochlus heckelii , the anterior cranial fontanel does not reach the parieto-supraoccipital, a feature observed in specimens analysed from this locality (ANSP 131675). Consequently, the analysis of photographs and X-rays of the syntypes of  Centromochlus megalops (NMW 47359, one specimen; NMW 47360; one specimen), allowed us to identify these specimens clearly and maintain this species herein as a junior synonym of  Centromochlus heckelii , based on the anterior fontanel not reaching to the parieto-supraoccipital (Fig. 15) and fewer pectoral-fin rays. </p>
            <p> GENUS  DURINGLANIS GRANT, 2015 (CLADE 39) STAT. NOV. </p>
            <p> Centromochlus (Duringlanis) Grant, 2015: 1 (type species:  Centromochlus perugiae Steindachner, 1882 ; type by original designation. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: C0379B54-EE63-48BF-AA81- A13862C6AE20</p>
            <p> Included species: *  Duringlanis altae (Fowler, 1945) ,  Duringlanis perugiae (Steindachner, 1882) and  Duringlanis romani (Mees, 1988) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Duringlanis is diagnosed by eight molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) terminus of lateral line approaching end of caudal-fin peduncle (char. 3526: 0 → 1), convergent in the small body-sized  Tatia of clades 50 and 58; (2) one row of gill rakers on third and fourth branchial arches (char. 3636: 0 → 1), convergent in  Balroglanis (except  Balroglanis carolae ),  Tatia simplex and  Tatia aff.  Tatia simplex ; and (3) serration on anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine, spine shaped (char. 3692: 0 → 1); convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Liosomadoras and some species of  Tatia (  Tatia reticulata ,  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia brunnea ,  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Tatia nigra ,  Tatia strigata ,  Tatia sp. 2 ,  Tatia sp. 3 and  Tatia sp. 4 ). </p>
            <p> C o m p a r i s o n s: D u r i n g l a n i s d i f f e r s f r o m  Gephyromochlus ,  Balroglanis and  Centromochlus by having a small, rounded anterior fontanel, not surpassing the line of the posterior naris (vs. ellipsoid anterior fontanel, elongated, surpassing the line of the posterior naris); from  Balroglanis by having the posterior nuchal plate rounded and lacking lateroposterior projection (Fig. 16A) (vs. posterior nuchal plate forming an arch owing to the presence of lateral and posterior projections; Fig. 16B); spiny posterior process of epioccipital not exposed, covered by the median nuchal plate (Fig. 16A) (vs. posterior process of epioccipital exposed beyond the lateral border of median nuchal plate; Fig. 16B); lateral border of median nuchal plate straight (Fig. 16A) (vs. lateral border of median nuchal plate arched, curved mesially; Fig. 16B); from  Centromochlus by having a shorter pectoral-fin spine, less than one-third of SL (vs. long pectoral-fin spine, greater than one-third of SL); and from  Ferrarissoaresia by having the dorsal-fin spine serrated, serration particularly tiny and restricted to the tip of the spine in  Duringlanis romani (vs. smooth anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine), and shorter outer mental barbel, distant from pectoral-fin origin (vs. outer mental barbel long, surpassing the pectoral-fin origin). It differs from  Tatia ,  Gephyromochlus and  Glanidium by having subequal outer and inner mental barbels (Fig. 1B) (vs. outer mental barbel distinctly longest than inner; Fig. 1C, D); from  Tatia ,  Centromochlus and  Gelanoglanis by having the hyomandibula and metapterygoid in contact with each other (vs. hyomandibula and metapterygoid separate from each other); and from  Glanidium by the lateral line ending near to the caudal peduncle (vs. terminus of lateral line surpassing the caudal-fin origin). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A58C445FF61FEC5F2993703	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A5AC45AFC88FBF0F5E730ED.text	1E42067D2A5AC45AFC88FBF0F5E730ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glanidiini CALEGARI, VARI & REIS 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIBE  GLANIDIINI CALEGARI, VARI &amp; REIS TRIB. NOV. (CLADE 41) </p>
            <p> Type genus:  Glanidium Lütken, 1874 . </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: C20A6ACA-BCA1-445E-98E1- A9556FA43EC2</p>
            <p> Included genera:  Balroglanis Grant, 2015 ,  Glanidium Lütken, 1874 and  Tatia Miranda Ribeiro, 1911. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Glanidiini is diagnosed by 22 molecular synapomorphies. </p>
            <p> GENUS  BALROGLANIS (GRANT, 2015) (CLADE 42) STAT. NOV. </p>
            <p> Centromochlus (Balroglanis) Grant, 2015: 2 (type species:  Centromochlus schultzi Rössel, 1962 ; by original designation. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: A6E7310F-02A5-4CB5-9537- 5D73D126D1BF</p>
            <p> Included species:  Balroglanis carolae (Vari &amp; Ferraris, 2013) ,  Balroglanis macracanthus (Soares-Porto, 2000) and  Balroglanis schultzi (Rössel, 1962) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Balroglanis is diagnosed by 19 molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) contralateral mandibulae running approximately in parallel (char. 3492: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlus ; (2) distal tips of first hypobranchial approximately of the same width, hourglass shaped (char. 3645: 1 → 2), convergent in  Trachelyopterini ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Centromochlus ,  Tatia meesi and  Tatia intermedia ; and (3) anterior nuchal plate absent (char. 3670: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Gelanoglanini ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Pseudepapterus and clade 58 in  Tatia . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Balroglanis differs from all centromochlines, except  Centromochlus and  Duringlanis , by having the eye ventrally displaced, in a way such that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view (vs. eye not visible, or little visible in ventral view); and except  Centromochlus by the outer mental barbel being aligned near to the vertical line of the inner one (Fig. 1C) (vs. origin of outer mental barbel positioned further laterally relative to the inner, spaced from each other by more than the barbel-base size; Fig. 1D). It further differs from  Centromochlus ,  Gephyromochlus and  Glanidium by the lack of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate present); from  Tatia (except  Tatia intermedia and  Tatia simplex ) and  Pseudotatia by having the dorsal-fin spine serrated on the posterior border (vs. serrations absent on posterior border of dorsal-fin spine); from  Glanidium and  Tatia (except  Tatia boemia and  Tatia jacaratia ) by having the posterior process of cleithrum positioned posteriorly (vs. posterior process of cleithrum dorsally inclined); and from  Duringlanis by having the lateral border of the median nuchal plate arched, curved mesially (Fig. 16B) (vs. lateral border of the median nuchal plate straight; Fig. 16A), ellipsoid anterior fontanel, elongated, surpassing the line of the posterior naris (vs. small, rounded anterior fontanel, not surpassing the line of the posterior naris), the posterior nuchal plate forming an arch in the lateral portion owing to the presence of lateral and posterior projections (Fig. 16B) (vs. posterior nuchal plate rounded and lacking lateral projection; Fig. 16A), posterior process of epioccipital exposed beyond the lateral border of the median nuchal plate (Fig. 16B) (vs. spiny posterior process of epioccipital not exposed, covered by the median nuchal plate; Fig. 16A); from  Centromochlus by having smaller pectoral-fin spine, less than one-third of SL (vs. pectoral-fin spine long, greater than one-third of SL); from  Gelanoglanis by having rounded head, slightly depressed (vs. head laterally compressed); and from  Pseudotatia by having fewer anal-fin rays, seven to nine (vs. 15–17 total anal-fin rays). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A5AC45AFC88FBF0F5E730ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A45C45BFC8DFBA5F4B13469.text	1E42067D2A45C45BFC8DFBA5F4B13469.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glanidium Lutken 1874	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  GLANIDIUM LÜTKEN, 1874 (CLADE 45) </p>
            <p> Glanidium Lütken, 1874: 31 (type species:  Glanidium albescens Lütken, 1874 ; type by monotypy. Gender neuter). </p>
            <p> Included species: *  Glanidium albescens Reinhardt, 1874 , *  Glanidium botocudo Sarmento-Soares &amp; Martins-Pinheiro, 2013 ,  Glanidium catharinensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1962,  Glanidium cesarpintoi Ihering, 1928 ,  Glanidium melanopterum Miranda Ribeiro, 1918,  Glanidium ribeiroi (Haseman, 1911) ,  Glanidium sp. RS 1 Sarmento-Soares, Calegari, Martins-Pinheiro &amp; Malabarba, undescribed,  Glanidium sp. RS 2 Sarmento-Soares, Calegari, Martins-Pinheiro &amp; Malabarba, undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Glanidium is diagnosed by three molecular and six morphological synapomorphies. Non- e xclusive: (1) parasphenoid short, ≥ 50% of its length composed by wide base of bone (char. 3577: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Gelanoglanini ,  Pseudotatia ,  Tatia gyrina ,  Tatia creutzbergi ,  Pseudauchenipterus, Trachelyopterini, Liosomadoradini and Asterophysini ; (2) trigeminofacial foramen not exposed, covered by parasphenoid (char. 3581: 0 → 1), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Ageneiosini (  Tympanopleura piperata and  Tympanopleura cryptica ),  Liosomadoras ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Auchenipterus brachyurus ,  Auchenipterus ambyiacus, Trachelyopterina (except  Trachelyopterus amblops ),  Trachycorystina and  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ); (3) coronoid process of anguloarticular developed into thin and conspicuous process (char. 3602: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Ferrarissoaresia ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia sp. 4 ,  Tatia jacaratia ,  Tatia nigra ,  Trachelyopterichthys, Trachelyopterina, Trachycorystina and  Tetranematichthys ; (4) anterolateral and anteromedial processes of basipterygium of approximately same length (char. 3725: 1 → 0), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ),  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (5) cartilage of lateral process of basipterygium short (char. 3727: 1 → 0), exclusive within  Centromochlinae , convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Epapterus ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Tetranematichthys and  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ; and (6) basal process of pelvic-fin rays oriented posteromedially in dorsal view (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in  Gelanoglanis, Ageneiosini, Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ),  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachelyopterus and  Trachycorystes . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Glanidium differs from remaining centromochlines by having the trigeminofacial foramen not exposed, covered by the parasphenoid (vs. trigeminofacial foramen exposed in ventral view) and anterolateral and anteromedial processes of the basipterygium of approximately the same length (vs. anterolateral process longer than anteromedial process). It differs from  Tatia ,  Centromochlus and  Gelanoglanis by having the hyomandibula and metapterygoid in contact with each other (vs. hyomandibula and metapterygoid separated from each other); from  Balroglanis and  Gelanoglanis by the possession of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate absent); from  Centromochlus ,  Duringlanis and  Balroglanis by having the eye not or little visible in ventral view (vs. eye ventrally displaced, in such a way that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view). It differs from  Pseudotatia by having fewer anal-fin rays, 12–14 total rays (vs. 15–17 total rays); from  Ferrarissoaresia by having the outer and inner mental barbels of similar length, ending much anterior to the pectoral-fin origin (vs. long outer mental barbel, surpassing the pectoral-fin origin); from  Centromochlus by having the maxillary barbel laterally positioned, not visible ventrally (vs. proximal portion of maxillary barbel ventrally positioned, in such a way that it is visible ventrally); and from  Duringlanis by having the terminus of the lateral line surpassing the caudal-fin origin (vs. lateral line ending near to the caudal peduncle). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A45C45BFC8DFBA5F4B13469	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A44C458FC95FF54F2B23131.text	1E42067D2A44C458FC95FF54F2B23131.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tatia Miranda Ribeiro 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TATIA MIRANDA RIBEIRO, 1911 (CLADE 49) </p>
            <p> Tatia Miranda Ribeiro, 1911: 360 (type species:  Centromochlus intermedius Steindachner, 1877 ; type by subsequent designation by Jordan, 1920: 545. Gender feminine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Tatia aulopygia Kner, 1857 ,  Tatia boemia Koch &amp; Reis, 1996 ,  Tatia bockmanni (Sarmento-Soares &amp; Buckup, 2005) , *  Tatia britskii (Sarmento-Soares &amp; Birindelli, 2015) ,  Tatia brunnea Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia caudosignata DoNascimiento, Albornoz-Garzón &amp; García-Melo 2019 ,  Tatia caxiuanensis Sarmento-Soares &amp; Martins-Pinheiro, 2008 ,  Tatia concolor Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia creutzbergi (Boeseman, 1953) , *  Tatia dunni (Fowler, 1945) , *  Tatia galaxias Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia gyrina (Eigenmann &amp; Allen, 1942) ,  Tatia jacaratia Pavanelli &amp; Bifi, 2009 ,  Tatia intermedia (Steindachner, 1877) , *  Tatia marthae Vari &amp; Ferraris, 2013 ,  Tatia meesi Sarmento-Soares &amp; Martins Pinheiro, 2008 , *  Tatia melanoleuca Vari &amp; Calegari, 2014 ,  Tatia musaica Royero, 1992 ,  Tatia neivai (Ihering, 1930) ,  Tatia nigra Sarmento-Soares &amp; Martins-Pinheiro 2008 ,  Tatia orca (Sarmento-Soares, Lazzarotto, Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; Leitão, 2017) , *  Tatia punctata Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia reticulata Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia simplex Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia aff.  Tatia simplex Mees, 1974 ,  Tatia strigata Soares-Porto, 1995 ,  Tatia sp. 1 Calegari &amp; Reis, undescribed,  Tatia sp. 2 Calegari &amp; Reis, undescribed,  Tatia sp. 3 Calegari &amp; Reis, undescribed and  Tatia sp. 4 Calegari &amp; Reis, undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Tatia is diagnosed by 13 molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) coronomeckelian bone obliquely positioned (char. 3596: 0 → 1), reversed in  Tatia intermedia and  Tatia sp. 4 , convergent in  Duringlanis romani ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Liosomadoras ; (2) hyomandibula and metapterygoid separated from each other (char. 3620: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Gelanoglanis and  Centromochlus ; and (3) contralateral anteromedial processes of basipterygium sutured to each other on anterior portion only (char. 3723: 0 → 2), reversed in  Tatia musaica and  Tatia meesi , convergent in  Gelanoglanis ,  Centromochlus ,  Entomocorus ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachelyopterus albicrux ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachelyopterus striatulus and  Trachelyopterus teaguei . </p>
            <p> C o m p a r i s o n s: Ta t i a d i f f e r s f r o m r e m a i n i n g centromochlines, exceptGelanoglanis and  Centromochlus , by having the hyomandibula and metapterygoid separated from each other (vs. hyomandibula and metapterygoid contacting each other).  Tatia (but not  Tatia intermedia and  Tatia simplex ) is distinguished from  Glanidium , except  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Balroglanis ,  Ferrarissoaresia and  Centromochlus , by the lack of serration on the posterior border of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. dorsal-fin spine serrated on posterior border). It differs from  Duringlanis and  Centromochlus by having the outer mental barbel longer than inner (vs. outer and inner mental barbels of approximately the same length); from  Centromochlus and  Balroglanis by having the maxillary barbel laterally positioned, not visible ventrally (vs. proximal portion of maxillary barbel ventrally positioned, in such a way that it is visible ventrally), and eye not visible, or little visible in ventral view (vs. eye ventrally displaced, in such a way that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view); and from  Gelanoglanis by the rounded and depressed head (vs. laterally compressed head) and mouth straight (vs. mouth sinuous in lateral view).  Tatia , except  Tatia meesi ,  Tatia musaica ,  Tatia reticulata and  Tatia simplex , is further distinguished from  Gephyromochlus ,  Ferrarissoaresia ,  Balroglanis and  Gelanoglanis by the possession of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate absent). </p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  AUCHENIPTERINAE BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 67) </p>
            <p> Auchenipterini Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 14 (type genus:  Auchenipterus Valenciennes, 1840 ). </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d t r i b e s: A s t e r o p h y s i n i, A g e n e i o s i n i,  Auchenipterini , LiosomadoradiniandTrachelyopterini. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Auchenipterinae are diagnosed by 21 molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) lateral margin of frontal not participating in orbital margin (char. 3553: 0 → 1), reversed in  Entomocorus ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Trachelyichthys . Non-exclusive: (2) coronoid process of anguloarticular developed as a large and laminarprocess (char.3602:0→1),reversedin  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus dentatus ),  Auchenipterichthys ,  Pseudauchenipterus and  Trachelyichthys , convergent in  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia nigra ,  Tatia jacaratia ,  Tatia sp. 4 ,  Glanidium and  Ferrarissoaresia ; and (3) compound centrum including up to sixth vertebra (char. 3667: 1 → 2), reversed in  Auchenipterini and  Trachelyopterini (except  Pseudepapterus ),  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Tympanopleura brevis and  Ageneiosus militaris , convergent in  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Auchenipterinae is mostly represented by members of large body size, except  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus and  Spinipterus , and differs from all centromochlines by having a medium to long anal fin (vs. short anal fin), genital tube of adult males attached to the base of the anal-fin origin and united by skin to the anal-fin rays (vs. genital tube of adult males located anterior to the anal-fin rays and apart from anal-fin base), lack of sexual dimorphism in the shape of the anal fin (vs. secondary sexual dimorphism present in the anal fin, where the male and female have distinct anal-fin shapes), and by the genital papilla of adult males not being covered by a hood-like flap of skin (vs. adult males with a hood-like flap of skin covering the urogenital base, except  Gelanoglanis ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A44C458FC95FF54F2B23131	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A47C458FCE6FDF9F5863002.text	1E42067D2A47C458FCE6FDF9F5863002.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liosomadoradini CALEGARI, VARI & REIS 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> LIOSOMADORADINI CALEGARI, VARI &amp; REIS TRIB. NOV. (CLADE 68) </p>
            <p> Type genus:  Liosomadoras Fowler, 1940 . </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: 993091D9-5BA7-4322-8D53- 6AC3CADBF67E</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A47C458FCE6FDF9F5863002	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A46C459FF63FEA7F228371E.text	1E42067D2A46C459FF63FEA7F228371E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liosomadoras Fowler 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  LIOSOMADORAS FOWLER, 1940 (CLADE 68) </p>
            <p> Liosomadoras Fowler, 1940: 226 (type species:  Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler, 1940 ; type by original designation. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler , 1 9 4 0 a n d L i o s o m a d o r a s o n c i n u s (Ja r d i n e i n Schomburgk, 1841). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Same as for tribe  Liosomadoradini . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Liosomadoras is easily distinguished from all members of  Auchenipteridae by its colour pattern, reminiscent of the jaguar, which gives to the genus its popular name of jaguar catfish (vs. several distinct colour patterns, including bold spotted, white narrow stripes, black thick stripes, diffused blotches, or with unique background colour); and except for  Spinipterus , by having three vertical rows of serration along the anterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. one row, or two in  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Trachelyopterichthys ) and, except for  Spinipterus acsi , by having two rows of ornamentation on the posterior process of the cleithrum. It differs from all auchenipterids except  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Spinipterus by having spines on the antorbital and infraorbitals bones (vs. such bones smooth, without any spines), and from  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ),  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyichthys by having a moderate-sized anal fin, approximately one-third of SL (vs. anal fin long, at least half SL).  Liosomadoras is further distinguished from  Spinipterus by the lack of serration on the dorsal margin of the pectoral-fin spine (vs. dorsal margin of pectoral-fin spine serrated), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, without serration (vs. posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated) and anterior fontanel rounded (vs. anterior fontanel elliptic). </p>
            <p> TRIBE  TRACHELYOPTERINI BLEEKER, 1858 (CLADE 70) </p>
            <p> Tracheliopterini [  Trachelyopterini ] Bleeker, 1858a: 40 (type genus:  Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840 . Also in Bleeker, 1858b: 49, 250, 257). </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d s u b t r i b e s: A u c h e n i p t e r i c h t h y i n a,  Trachelyopterina and  Trachycorystina . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachelyopterini is diagnosed by six molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) postzygapophysis of compound centrum extended up to eighth vertebra (char. 3666: 2 → 4), reversed in  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterus teaguei , convergent in  Epapterus dispilurus ; (2) compound centrum including up to eighth vertebra (char. 3667: 2 → 4), reversed in  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus teaguei and  Trachelyopterus albricrux , exclusive within  Auchenipterinae , convergent in  Centromochlus ; and (3) ventral process of hypurapophysis absent (char. 3748: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura and  Gelanoglanis . </p>
            <p> SUBTRIBE  TRACHYCORYSTINA MIRANDA RIBEIRO, 1911 (CLADE 72) </p>
            <p> Trachycorystina Miranda Ribeiro, 1911: 25, 352 (type genus:  Trachycorystes Bleeker, 1858 ). </p>
            <p> Included genera:  Tocantinsia Mees, 1974 and  Trachycorystes Bleeker, 1858 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachycorystina is diagnosed by four molecular and one morphological synapomorphy. Non-exclusive: (1) ventral processes of dorsal-fin spinelet straight (char. 3683: 1 → 0), convergent i n Tr a ch e l y o p t e r i ch t h y s, P s e u d a u ch e n i p t e r u s  jequitinhonhae ,  Pseudauchenipterus affinis and  Liosomadoras oncinus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A46C459FF63FEA7F228371E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A46C45EFC74FBD1F4CB36B3.text	1E42067D2A46C45EFC74FBD1F4CB36B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tocantinsia Mees 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TOCANTINSIA MEES, 1974</p>
            <p> Tocantinsia Mees, 1974: 108 (type species:  Tocantinsia depressa Mees, 1974 ; type by original designation. Gender feminine. Subsequent to the description of the genus, Mees (1984) proposed the synonymization of its type species with  Glanidium piresi Miranda Ribeiro, 1920, still recognizing the genus  Tocantinsia as valid). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Tocantinsia piresi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Tocantinsia is diagnosed by 13 molecular and five morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) Medial portion of dentary dorsally arched on symphysis (char. 3607: 0 → 1), convergent in  Asterophysus ; (2) upper gill rakers moderate in size, approximately half length of gill filaments (char. 3638: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini (except  Tympanopleura cryptica ),  Glanidium (except  Glanidium cesarpintoi ),  Gephyromochlus and  Pseudauchenipterus ; (3) serration on anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine truncated (char. 3704: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterus fordicei ,  Glanidium ribeiroi ,  Tatia intermedia and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (4) last proximal radial of anal fin laminar (char. 3741: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus militaris and  Ageneiosus lineatus ),  Tympanopleura rondoni ,  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Auchenipterus and  Auchenipterichthys ; and (5) caudal fin bifurcated (char. 3746: 1 → 0), convergent in  Centromochlinae ,  Auchenipterini (except  Epapterus ),  Tympanopleura ,  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ). </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Tocantinsia is a predator species comprising individuals of relatively large size, robust, frequently serving as a source of food in local communities along the Tocantins drainage. It is easily distinguished from remaining auchenipterids, except  Asterophysus , by having the medial portion of the dentary dorsally arched on the symphysis (vs. dentary straight); and from auchenipterines, except  Auchenipterini (apart from  Epapterus ),  Asterophysus ,  Tympanopleura and  Ageneiosus (apart from  Ageneiosus inermis and  Ageneiosus vittatus ), by having the caudal fin bifurcated (vs. caudal fin truncated). It differs from auchenipterines, except  Trachycorystes ,  Spinipterus and  Liosomadoras , by the posterior process of the epioccipital being pointed and very short, with a wide base formed by the lateral border of the epioccipital (vs. epioccipital forming a simple spine, bifurcated or laminar) and, except for  Asterophysus , by having the dorsal profile of the head posteriorly to the eye flat and straight (vs. head posteriorly arched or with some level of curvature). It is further distinguished from  Asterophysus by having the dorsal-fin origin posteriorly displaced relative to the pectoral-fin origin, at a distance approximately equivalent to the length of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. dorsal-fin origin approximately at a vertical line from the pectoral-fin origin), posterior process of post-temporal supracleithrum surpassing the vertical line from the dorsal-fin origin (vs. posterior process of post-temporal suprachleitrum not reaching the vertical line from the dorsal-fin origin), and the mouth gape reaching the eye, but never surpassing it (vs. end of mouth gape far surpassing the eye). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A46C45EFC74FBD1F4CB36B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A41C45FFF48FA49F70331DC.text	1E42067D2A41C45FFF48FA49F70331DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachycorystes Bleeker 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TRACHYCORYSTES BLEEKER, 1858 (CLADE 73) </p>
            <p> Trachycorystes Bleeker, 1858b: 200 (type species:  Auchenipterus trachycorystes Valenciennes, 1840 ; type by absolute tautonymy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Trachycorystes menezesi Britski &amp; Akama, 2011 and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes (Valenciennes, 1840) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachycorystes is diagnosed by six morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) n a s a l b o n e p l a t e -l i k e, l a t e r a l l y e x p a n d e d (char. 3512: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia brunnea ,  Tatia jacaratia ,  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Tatia nigra ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’; (2) lateroposterior portion of sphenotic slightly concave (char. 3552: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus pardalis and  Ageneiosus vittatus ),  Liosomadoras morrowi ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus lucenai ,  Trachelyopterus porosus and several centromochlines; (3) bony expansion in posteromedial portion of premaxilla (char. 3585: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus intrusus and  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus ) and  Auchenipterus fordicei ; (4) posterior bony projection on last dorsal-fin pterygiophore absent (char. 3680: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys punctatus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Tatia simplex ,  Pseudotatia ,  Tatia nigra ,  Tatia intermedia ,  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Tatia sp. 2 ,  Balroglanis carolae ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and Spinipterusacsi;(5)posterior portion of basipterygium long, with process developed as wing (char. 3729: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura ,  Asterophysus ,  Centromochlus and  Trachelyopterus ; and (6) basal process of pelvic-fin rays posteromedially oriented (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Glanidium ,  Gelanoglanis, Ageneiosini ,  Asterophysus ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyopterus (except  Trachelyopterus insignis ). </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Trachycorystes are medium-sized predator species with the cephalic shield well exposed on the surface of the head, and distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Asterophysus , by the uniform dark brown or greyish to black coloration of the body, lacking any colour marks (vs. distinctly marked colour patterns present, or light background with darker dorsal profile); from all auchenipterines, except  Asterophysus and  Trachelyopterus , by having the lower jaw prognate, slightly outward in comparison to the premaxilla (less evident in  Trachycorystes menezesi ) (vs. lower and upper jaws ending in the same vertical line); and except for  Trachycorystes menezesi , distinguishes from  Tocantinsia ,  Asterophysus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Entomocorus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus vittatus and  Ageneiosus inermis ) and  Tympanopleura by having truncated caudal fin (vs. bifurcated caudal fin). It is distinguished from auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Tocantinsia and some species of  Trachelyopterus (  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachelyopterus galeatus ,  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Trachelyopterus albicrux ) by having six branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. five, four, three or seven branched dorsal-fin rays); and, except for  Auchenipterichthys ,  Asterophysus and  Pseudepapterus , by the number of branched pelvic-fin rays, eight or nine (vs.  Entomocorus ,  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus with five rays,  Pseudauchenipterus with seven rays,  Trachelyichthys with ten or 11 rays,  Auchenipterus and  Trachelyopterichthys with 10–14 rays, and  Epapterus with 14–16 rays). It differs from all auchenipterines, except  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Spinipterus acsi , by having a long posterior process of the cleithrum, approximately two-thirds or the same length as the pectoral-fin spine (vs. posterior process of cleithrum small, not surpassing the base of branched pectoral-fin rays, or moderate, approximately half of pectoral-fin spine length). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A41C45FFF48FA49F70331DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A40C45CFF7FFC87F33A36BC.text	1E42067D2A40C45CFF7FFC87F33A36BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenipterichthyina CALEGARI, VARI & REIS 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> SUBTRIBE  AUCHENIPTERICHTHYINA CALEGARI, VARI &amp; REIS SUBTRIB. NOV. (CLADE 74) </p>
            <p> Type genus:  Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 . </p>
            <p>lsid: zoobank.org:act: 86EB6D9F-6CB1-41CA-8294- 18066A8414B1</p>
            <p> Included genera:  Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 ,  Trachelyichthys Mees, 1974 and  Trachelyopterichthys Bleeker, 1862 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Auchenipterichthyina is diagnosed by six molecular and four morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) posterior process of posttemporal– supracleithrum dorsoventrally oriented (char. 3561: 1 → 0), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus cf.  Trachelyopterus galeatus ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Spinipterus , most species of  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura and  Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium sp. 1 RS and  Glanidium sp. 2 RS; (2) posterior process of epioccipital forming simple spine (char. 3563: 3 → 0), reversed in  Trachelyichthys , convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Balroglanis (except  Balroglanis carolae ); (3) accessory cartilage between third and fourth basibranchials present (char. 3644: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus lineatus ),  Auchenipterus fordicei ,  Duringlanis ,  Pseudauchenipterus flavescens ,  Pseudepapterus hasemani and  Tetranematichthys ; and (4) os suspensorium moderate in size (char. 3655: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterus ambyacus ,  Auchenipterus nuchalis ,  Balroglanis ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Centromochlus ,  Glanidium ,  Entomocorus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Gephyromochlus , most species of  Tatia ,  Trachelyopterus (except  Trachelyopterus aff.  Trachelyopterus porosus ) and  Trachycorystes menezesi . </p>
            <p> GENUS  AUCHENIPTERICHTHYS BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 75) </p>
            <p> Auchenipterichthys Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 – 63): 7 (type species:  Auchenipterus thoracatus Kner, 1857 ; type by original designation. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Auchenipterichthys coracoideus (Eigenmann &amp; Allen, 1942) ,  Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Günther, 1864) ,  Auchenipterichthys punctatus (Valenciennes, 1840) and  Auchenipterichthys thoracatus (Kner, 1857) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Auchenipterichthys is diagnosed by 12 molecular and five morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) lateral line sinusoidal (char. 3525: 2 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura and  Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus ); (2) laminar expansion on posteromedial portion of premaxilla absent (char. 3584: 1 → 0), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi ; (3) serrations on anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine retrorse (char. 3703: 2 → 1), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ),  Trachelyopterus (except  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ) and  Trachycorystes menezesi ; (4) posterior portion of basipterygium long, with thin and pointed process (char. 3729: 0 → 2), convergent in  Liosomadoras ; and (5) last proximal radial of anal fin laminar (char. 3741: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus lineatus ),  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Auchenipterus and  Tocantinsia . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Auchenipterichthys is distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura ,  Auchenipterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus , by having the lateral line sinusoidal along its entire length (vs. lateral line straight, or sinusoidal in the anterior portion and straight in the posterior half); and except for  Trachycorystes ,  Asterophysus and  Pseudepapterus , by the number of branched pelvic-fin rays, eight or nine (one specimen with ten) (vs. six in  Liosomadoras ,  Tocantinsia ,  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura and  Tetranematichthys , five in  Entomocorus ,  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus ; seven in  Pseudauchenipterus , ten or 11 in  Trachelyichthys , 10–14 in  Auchenipterus and  Trachelyopterichthys , and 14–16 in  Epapterus ). Yet, it differs from  Pseudepapterus by having a robust dorsal-fin spine, moderate in size, approximately one-third of SL (vs. rudimentary dorsal-fin spine, less than one-sixth of SL), with six branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. three to five rays), and anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated (vs. anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, lacking serration). </p>
            <p> GENUS  TRACHELYOPTERICHTHYS BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 79) </p>
            <p> Trachelyopterichthys Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 – 63): 16 (type species:  Trachelyopterus taeniatus Kner, 1857 ; type by original designation and monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Trachelyopterichthys anduzei Ferraris &amp; Fernandez, 1987 and  Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus (Kner, 1857) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachelyopterichthys is diagnosed by ten morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) nasal bone plate-like, laterally expanded (char. 3512: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia brunnea ,  Tatia jacaratia ,  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Tatia nigra ,  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’; (2) antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules with spines (char. 3520: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Liosomadoras ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Spinipterus ; (3) trigeminofacial foramen ventrally exposed (char. 3581: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterini (except  Auchenipterus ambyiacus and  Auchenipterus brachyurus ),  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Tympanopleura piperata ,  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ,  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium ); (4) distal portion of premaxilla extended (char. 3587: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Centromochlus existimatus and  Duringlanis perugiae ; (5) premaxillary teeth straight (char. 3589: 0 → 1), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Liosomadoras oncinus ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ,  Spinipterus and some species of  Tatia ; (6) anterior process on pharyngobranchial tooth-plate absent (char. 3653: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura ,  Achenipterichthys longimanus ,  Achenipterichthys punctatus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Auchenipterus nuchalis ,  Auchenipterus osteomystax ,  Auchenipterus nigripinnis ,  Balroglanis ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes , clade 60 of  Tatia and  Tatia sp. 1 ; (7) two rows of serrations on anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3690: 0 → 1), convergent in  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (8) serrations absent on posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3693: 0 → 1), convergent in most  Ageneiosus ,  Asterophysus ,  Epapterus ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Gelanoglanis travieso ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudotatia ,  Tatia (except  Tatia intermedia ),  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Spinipterus ; (9) contralateral anteromedial processes of basipterygium sutured to each other only on anterior portion (char. 3723: 0 → 2), convergent in  Centromochlus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Entomocorus ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Tatia (except  Tatia musaica and  Tatia meesi ),  Trachelyopterus albicrux ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachelyopterus teaguei and  Trachelyopterus striatulus ; and (10) basal process of pelvic-fin rays posteromedially oriented (char. 3732: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids. </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Trachelyopterichthys is a genus of medium- to large-sized body, which is distinguished from all auchenipterids, except  Trachelyichthys ,  Epapterus and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus , by lacking an adipose fin (vs. adipose fin present). It is also distinguished from all  Auchenipterinae , except  Trachycorystes trachycorystes , by having two rows of serration on the anterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. one row, or three in  Liosomadoras and  Spinipterus ) and, except for  Liosomadoras ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Spinipterus , by having antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules with spines (vs. such bones devoid of spines). It is further diagnosed from remaining  Auchenipterinae , except  Pseudepapterus hasemani and  Trachelyopterus (but not  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus coriaceus and  Trachelyopterus galeatus ), by having the branched dorsal-fin rays supported by four pterygiophores(vs. branched dorsal-fin rays supported by two, three, five or six pterygiophores). It further differs from  Trachelyichthys by having the interopercle large, plate shaped (vs. interopercle thin and elongated), the posterior process of the epioccipital forming a simple spine (vs. posterior process of epioccipital bifurcated) and, except for  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 , by having 39–55 total anal-fin rays (vs. 31–38 total anal-fin rays). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A40C45CFF7FFC87F33A36BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A43C452FCE1FA73F2F5342A.text	1E42067D2A43C452FCE1FA73F2F5342A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachelyichthys Mees 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TRACHELYICHTHYS MEES, 1974 (CLADE 80) </p>
            <p> Trachelyichthys Mees, 1974: 111 (type species:  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus Mees, 1974 ; type by original designation and monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus Mees, 1974 ,  Trachelyichthys exilis Greenfield &amp; Glodek, 1977 and  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 Calegari, Akama &amp; Ferraris, undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachelyichthys is diagnosed by 14 morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) outer pair of mental barbels long, surpassing posterior margin of coracoid process (char. 3509: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus ,  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ,  Trachelyopterus striatulus ,  Trachelyopterus porosus and  Trachelyopterus aff.  T. porosus ; (2) anterior fontanel rounded (char. 3542: 2 → 1), convergent in  Gelanoglanis pan ,  Spinipterus and some species of  Tatia ; (3) dorsal margin of lateral ethmoid not exposed on dorsal surface of cranium (char. 3546: 0 → 2), convergent in  Centromochlus ,  Duringlanis, Gelanoglanini ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Glanidium sp. 2 RS,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Tatia (except  Tatia intermedia ),  Tetranematichthys ,  Trachelyopterus lucenai and  Trachelyopterus cf.  Trachelyopterus galeatus ; (4) lateral margin of frontal not participating in orbital margin (char. 3553: 1 → 0), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Centromochlinae ; (5) posterior process of epioccipital bifurcated (char. 3563: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Tetranematichthys and  Trachelyopterus ; (6) posterior process of epioccipital and parapophyses of compound centrum connected by suture (char. 3566: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (7) coronomeckelian bone separated from anguloarticular (char. 3597: 1 → 0), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Centromochlus ,  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium ribeiroi ,  Glanidium sp. 2 RS),  Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae ,  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus and  Pseudepapterus ; (8) adductor crest of hyomandibula absent or indistinguishable (char. 3616: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (9) suprapreopercle elongate, tubular in shape, much longer than wide (char. 3624: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (10) second hypobranchial cartilaginous (char. 3646: 0 → 1), exclusive in  Auchenipterinae , convergent in  Gelanoglanis stroudi and  Gelanoglanis travieso ; (11) postzygapophysis of compound centrum extended up to seventh vertebra (char. 3666: 4 → 3), convergent in  Tympanopleura ,  Auchenipterus ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Entomocorus ,  Pseudauchenipterus and  Trachelyopterus teaguei ; (12) compound centrum including up to seventh vertebra (char. 3667: 4 → 3), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Centromochlus ,  Ferrarissoaresia ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi ),  Auchenipterini (except  Pseudepapterus ),  Trachelyopterus albicrux and  Trachelyopterus teaguei ; (13) posterior nuchal plate narrower than base of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3673: 1 → 0), convergent in  Ageneiosini¸ Auchenipterus, Gelanoglanini ,  Entomocorus ,  Gephyromochlus, Glanidiumcesarpintoi ,  Liosomadoras ,  Pseudepapterus, Trachelyopterina and some species of  Tatia ; and (14) distal vesicle present on anterior margin of anal-fin rays in mature males (char. 3744: 0 → 1), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Pseudauchenipterus and  Pseudepapterus . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Trachelyichthys is distinguished from remaining  Auchenipteridae , except  Ageneiosini ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus by the anal fin being elongated, measuring at least half SL(vs.anal fin short to moderate, never surpassing one-third of SL) and, except for  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Epapterus and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus , by the absence of an adipose fin (vs. adipose fin present). It is further distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Spinipterus , by having the anterior fontanel rounded (vs. elliptical or elongated). It differs from  Trachelyopterichthys by having the outer pair of mental barbels long, surpassing the posterior margin of the coracoid process (vs. outer pair of mental barbels never reaching posterior process of coracoid process), the posterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine bearing serration (vs. posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, lacking serration); interopercle thin and elongated (vs. interopercle large, plate shaped) and antorbital smooth, without any spine (vs. antorbital bearing spines). Finally, it differs from  Epapterus by nuptial males having the anal-fin rays continuously distributed, without space between anterior modified and remaining rays (vs. anal fin with a space between modified anterior rays and remaining rays) and five branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. three branched dorsal-fin rays). </p>
            <p> SUBTRIBE  TRACHELYOPTERINA BLEEKER, 1858 (CLADE 82) </p>
            <p> Tracheliopterini [  Trachelyopterina ] Bleeker, 1858a: 40 (type genus:  Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840 . Also in Bleeker, 1858b: 49, 250, 257). </p>
            <p> Included genera:  Spinipterus Akama &amp; Ferraris, 2011 and  Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Trachelyopterina is diagnosed by 26 molecular and two morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) coronoid process of anguloarticular deeper than dentary (char. 3601: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ; and (2) posterior process of third epibranchial elongated, approximately the same length as its mesial portion (char. 3648: 0 → 1), reversed in  Trachelyopterus porosus ,  Trachelyopterus aff.  T. porosus and  Trachelyopterus amblops , convergent in  Auchenipterini (except  Entomocorus and  Pseudauchenipterus affinis ),  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ,  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys sp.1 ), Auchenipterichthysthoracatus,  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Tympanopleura atronasus ,  Pseudotatia and  Gelanoglanis . </p>
            <p> GENUS  SPINIPTERUS AKAMA &amp; FERRARIS, 2011 (CLADE 83) </p>
            <p> Spinipterus Akama &amp; Ferraris, 2011: 53 (type species:  Spinipterus acsi Akama &amp; Ferraris, 2011 ; type by original designation and monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Spinipterus acsi Akama &amp; Ferraris, 2011 ,  Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’ Rossoni et al., undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Spinipterus is diagnosed by three molecular and 13 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) serration on dorsal margin of pectoral-fin spine present (char. 3705: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (2) dorsal projection of antorbital absent (char. 3515: 0 → 1), convergent in clade 98 of  Auchenipterini ; (3) spines present on antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules (char. 3520: 0 → 1), convergent in  Liosomadoras ,  Tatia caxiuanensis ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (4) anterior fontanel restricted to frontals (char. 3541: 0 → 1), exclusive in  Auchenipterinae , convergent in  Centromochlus heckelii ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Tatia simplex ,  Tatia aff.  T. simplex and  Gelanoglanis pan ; (5) anterior fontanel rounded (char.3542: 0 → 1), convergent in small body-sized  Tatia of clade 50,  Tatia brunnea ,  Tatia simplex ,  Gelanoglanis pan and  Trachelyichthys ; (6) lateroposterior portion of sphenotic distinctly concave (char. 3552: 0 → 2), convergent in  Auchenipterini , some  Ageneiosini ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Tatia reticulata and  Trachelyichthys exilis ; (7) posterior process of posttemporal–supracleithrum posterodorsally oriented (char. 3561: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium sp. 1 RS and  Glanidium sp. 2 RS),  Auchenipterichthys ,  Entomocorus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachelyopterus cf.  T. galeatus , some species of  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ; (8) transcapular process at angle of ~45° relative to body axis (char. 3570: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterini ,  Liosomadoras ,  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ),  Tatia intermedia ,  Tracheyopterus lucenai ,  Trachelyopterus cf.  T. galeatus and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (9) premaxillary teeth straight (char. 3589: 0 → 1), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Gephyromochlus , some species of  Tatia ,  Liosomadoras oncinus ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Tocantinsia and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (10) four free pterygiophores on dorsal fin (char. 3675: 2 → 3), convergent in  Gelanoglanini ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Pseudepapterus hasemani ,  Tatia (except  Tatia brunnea and  Tatia musaica ),  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and some species of  Trachelyopterus ; (11) dorsal-fin spine short, less than one-sixth of SL (char. 3685: 0 → 1), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus ; (12) three rows of serration on anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3690: 0 → 2), convergent in  Liosomadoras ; and (13) posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, without serration (char. 3693: 0 → 1), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Epapterus ,  Gelanoglanis travieso ,  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Pseudotatia ,  Tatia (except  Tatia intermedia ),  Tocantinsia¸ Trachelyopterichthys ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Spinipterus is somewhat similar externally to  Trachelyopterus but of a smaller size and bearing distinctive features within the family. It can be diagnosed from remaining  Auchenipteridae by having serrations on the dorsal and ventral margins of the pectoral-fin spine, exclusive in the family (vs. serrae in both dorsal and ventral margins of pectoral-fin spine present) and, except for  Liosomadoras , by having three rows of serration on the anterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. one; or two in  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ). It is further distinguished from remaining auchenipterines, except  Liosomadoras ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes , by having spines on the antorbital and ossified suborbital tubules; and, except  Entomocorus and  Trachelyopterus , by having fewer branched pelvic-fin rays, four or five (vs. more numerous branched rays on the pelvic fin, six to 16). </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Spinipterus was described based only on the holotype from Peru, but an additional specimen of  Spinipterus acsi was found recently in a distinct locality, the Juruá River basin in Brazil (Calegari et al., 2018). Based on the examination of both specimens and the CT scan images of the holotype, the configuration of the serration rows on the dorsal-and pectoral-fin spines was analysed, revealing distinctive features unique to this genus within  Auchenipteridae . Although Akama &amp; Ferraris (2011) have reported the presence of four rows of serration on the dorsal-fin spine,  Spinipterus acsi has three rows of serration along the anterior and anterolateral margins of the spine, with one medial row and two others at an angle of 45° relative to the spine axis (see Calegari et al., 2018: fig. 4). </p>
            <p> GENUS  TRACHELYOPTERUS VALENCIENNES, 1840 (CLADE 84) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A43C452FCE1FA73F2F5342A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A4FC450FF22F96AF707346C.text	1E42067D2A4FC450FF22F96AF707346C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asterophysus Kner 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  ASTEROPHYSUS KNER, 1857</p>
            <p> A s t e r o p h y s u s K n e r, 1 8 5 7: 4 0 2 (t y p e s p e c i e s:  Asterophysus batrachus Kner, 1857 ; type by monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A4FC450FF22F96AF707346C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A49C454FF4AFCEDF7BE374E.text	1E42067D2A49C454FF4AFCEDF7BE374E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entomocorus Eigenmann 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  ENTOMOCORUS EIGENMANN, 1917 (CLADE 97) </p>
            <p> Entomocorus Eigenmann, 1917: 403 (type species:  Entomocorus benjamini Eigenmann, 1917 ; type by monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Entomocorus benjamini Eingenmann, 1917 ,  Entomocorus gameroi Mago-Leccia, 1984 , *  Entomocorus melaphareus Akama &amp; Ferraris, 2003 and  Entomocorus radiosus Reis &amp; Borges, 2006 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Entomocorus is diagnosed by 41 molecular and 19 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) accessory dermal ossification present between frontal, sphenotic and parieto-supraoccipital (char. 3559: 0 → 1); and (2) first unbranched ray of pelvic fin in nuptial males larger than in females and non-nuptial males (char. 3721: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (3) extension present of anterior cartilage of lateral ethmoid (char. 3547: 1 → 0), convergent in  Trachelyopterini ,  Centromochlinae (except  Gelanoglanis pan and  Gelanoglanis varii ),  Liosomadoras and  Epapterus ; (4) lateral margin of frontal participating of orbital margin (char. 3553: 1 → 0), convergent in  Centromochlinae ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (5) posterior process of posttemporal–supracleithrum posterodorsally oriented (char. 3561: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium sp.1 RS and  Glanidium sp. 2 RS),  Auchenipterichthys ,  Spinipterus ,  Epapterus, Pseudauchenipterusnodosus ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis ,  Trachelyopterus cf.  Trachelyopterus galeatus , some species of  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ; (6) posterior process of epioccipital forming simple spine (char. 3563: 1 → 0), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Balroglanis ,  Gelanoglanis and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (7) premaxilla almost straight (char. 3584: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Glanidium cesarpintoi ; (8) premaxillary teeth straight (char.3589: 0→ 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (9) ascending process of Meckel’s cartilage extended(char.3599:0 →1),convergent in  Tympanopleura ,  Ageneiosus and  Auchenipterichthys (except  Auchenipterichthys thoracatus ); (10) cartilage of posterior condyle of the autopalatine small (char. 3609: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura ,  Auchenipterus ,  Gephyromochlus and some species of  Tatia ; (11) posteriormost pterygiophore of dorsal fin not supporting ray (char.3677: 0 → 1), most  Centromochlinae ,  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (12) posterior bony projection absent on last pterygiophore of dorsal fin (char. 3680: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys punctatus ,  Balroglanis ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Glanidium ,  Liosomadoras ,  Pseudotatia , some species of  Tatia ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachycorystes and  Spinipterus ; (13) pectoral girdle elongate, at least half the width of the pectoral girdle (char. 3695: 0 → 2), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys, Trachelyopterina and Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium catharinensis ); (14) anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with retrorse serrations (char. 3703: 2 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ), most species of  Trachelyopterus and  Trachycorystes menezesi ; (15) basipterygium with anterolateral process much longer than anteromedial (char. 3725: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Ferrarissoaresia and  Glanidium ),  Trachelyopterini (except  Trachelyopterus amblops and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ); (16) short cartilage on lateral process of basipterygium (char. 3727: 1 → 0), convergent in  Epapterus ,  Glanidium ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (17) basal process of pelvic-fin rays oriented posteromedially in dorsal view (char. 3732: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys, Centromochlinae (except  Gelanoglanis and  Glanidium ),  Liosomadoras oncinus ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Spinipterus sp. ‘oncinha’; (18) genital tube anterior to anal-fin rays and apart from anal-fin base (char. 3735: 0 → 1), exclusive in  Auchenipterinae , convergent in  Centromochlinae ; and (19) proximal portion of fifth hypural not contacting confluence between third and fourth hypurals and epineural (char. 3752: 1 → 0), convergent in  Duringlanis ,  Balroglanis , some species of  Tatia ,  Liosomadoras oncinus ,  Pseudotatia ,  Glanidium and  Gephyromochlus . </p>
            <p> C o m p a r i s o n s: E n t o m o c o r u s i s a r e m a r k a b l y m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y d i s t i n c t i v e s m a l l b o d y - s i z e d genus within the family, with reproductive males developing conspicuous sexually dimorphic features. It is distinguished from the remaining auchenipterids by the unique features of an accessory dermal ossification between the frontal, sphenotic and parieto-supraoccipital (vs. accessory ossification absent) and by having the first unbranched pelvic-fin ray in nuptial males longer than in females and non-nuptial males (vs. sexual dimorphism absent in the pelvic-fin rays). It is further distinguished from all auchenipterines by males having the genital tube positioned anterior to the anal-fin rays and apart from the anal-fin base (vs. genital tube positioned at the base of the anal fin and united by skin to the anterior anal-fin rays) and, except for  Trachelyopterus and  Spinipterus , by the number of branched pelvic-fin rays, five (vs. six in  Liosomadoras ,  Tocantinsia ,  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura and  Tetranematichthys , seven in  Pseudauchenipterus , eight or nine in  Trachycorystes and  Auchenipterichthys , nine in  Asterophysus , nine to 14 in  Pseudepapterus , ten or 11 in  Trachelyichthys , ten to 14 in  Auchenipterus and  Trachelyopterichthys ,and 14–16 in  Epapterus ), except for  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys , by the posterior process of the epioccipital as a simple spine (vs. posterior process of the epioccipital small and pointed, laminar or bifurcated) and, except for  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus , by having the posteriormost pterygiophore of the dorsal fin not supporting any ray (vs. posteriormost pterygiophore of dorsal fin supporting one or two rays). </p>
            <p> GENUS  PSEUDEPAPTERUS STEINDACHNER, 1915 (CLADE 99) </p>
            <p> Pseudepapterus Steindachner, 1915: 199 (type species:  Auchenipterus (Pseudepapterus) hasemani Steindachner, 1915 ; type by monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis Böhlke, 1951 , *  Pseudepapterus gracilis Ferraris &amp; Vari, 2000 and  Pseudepapterus hasemani (Steindachner, 1915) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Pseudepapterus is diagnosed by 12 molecular and 17 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) premaxilla extremely reduced in size (char. 3582: 0 → 1); and (2) cartilage of lateral process of basipterygium fused to main body of basipterygium (char. 3728: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (3) anteromedial portion of mesethmoid not contacting premaxilla (char. 3534: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini and  Gelanoglanis ; (4) posterior margin of cranial fontanel with longitudinal sulcus (char. 3544: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura rondoni ; (5) posterior process of epioccipital laminar (char. 3563: 1 → 2), convergent in  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura ; (6) coronomeckelian bone conspicuously separated from anguloarticular (char. 3597: 1 → 0), convergent in  Trachelyichthys ,  Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae ,  Pseudauchenipterus nodosus and  Centromochlinae (except  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Glanidium ribeiroi and  Glanidium sp. 2 RS); (7) suprapreopercle short, approximately quadrangular to rectangular, with its length never surpassing twice the width (char. 3624: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (8) os suspensorium reduced in size (char. 3655: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (9) os suspensorium rounded or angled (char. 3656: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus (except  Auchenipterus ambyiacus and  Auchenipterus nuchalis ),  Tatia reticulata ,  Tatia gyrina ,  Tatia sp. 2 ,  Gelanoglanis ,  Asterophysus ,  Liosomadoras ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus ,  Trachelyopterichthys anduzei ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes and  Trachelyopterus aff.  T. porosus ; (10) Müllerian ramus reduced, not surpassing half the length of the transcapular process (char. 3661: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus and  Gelanoglanis ; (11) postzygapophysis of compound centrum extended up to sixth vertebra (char. 3666: 3 → 2), convergent in  Ageneiosus ,  Asterophysus, Centromochlinae (except  Balroglanis macracanthus ),  Liosomadoras and  Tetranematichthys ; (12) compound centrum including up to sixth vertebra (char. 3667: 3 → 2), convergent in Asterophysi,  Auchenipterini and  Ageneiosini (except  Ageneiosus militaris ,  Tympanopleura cryptica and  Tympanopleura brevis ),  Glanidium cesarpintoi ,  Glanidium catharinensis and  Liosomadoras ; (13) anterior nuchal plate absent (char. 3670: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Balroglanis ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Tatia musaica ,  Tatia meesi , clade 60 of  Tatia and  Gelanoglanini ; (14) ventral process of dorsal-fin spinelet short, reaching ventrally up to 20% of pterygiophore height (char. 3682: 1 → 0), convergent in  Entomocorus gameroi ; (15) posterior process of cleithrum small, not surpassing base of branched pectoral-fin rays (char. 3711: 1 → 0),  Tympanopleura brevis ,  Tympanopleura rondoni ,  Asterophysus and  Tetranematichthys ; (16) suture of scapulo-coracoids conspicuously interdigitated up to middle of coracoids or near to its posterior border (char. 3714: 1 → 2), convergent in  Asterophysus, Gelanoglanini ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Pseudepapterus and some species of  Tatia ; and (17) distal vesicles present on anterior anal-fin rays of nuptial males (char. 3744: 0 → 1), convergent in  Trachelyichthys and  Asterophysus . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Pseudepapterus is a genus comprising small body-sized species and is distinctive within auchenipterids by the reduced size of the dorsal fin and premaxilla. It is distinguished from all other auchenipterids by the premaxilla being extremely reduced in size (vs. premaxilla well developed) and, except  Epapterus , by the absence of premaxillary teeth (vs. premaxillary teeth present). It is further distinguished from other auchenipterids, except for  Asterophysus ,  Pseudauchenipterus and  Trachelyichthys , by having distal vesicles present on the anterior anal-fin rays of nuptial males (vs. distal vesicles absent in anterior anal-fin rays of nuptial males); except for  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura rondoni , by the posterior margin of the cranial fontanel with a longitudinal sulcus (vs. longitudinal sulcus absent on cranial fontanel); and, except  Auchenipterus and  Epapterus , by having a consistent skin membrane joining the proximal half of the contralateral innermost pelvic-fin ray (vs. contralateral innermost pelvic-fin rays separated from each other). It differs from all other auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura , by the laminar posterior process of the epioccipital (vs. posterior process of epioccipital bifurcated, as a simple spine, or pointed); except for  Ageneiosini , by the absence of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate present); and, except for  Spinipterus and  Asterophysus , by having the dorsal-fin spine short, less than one-sixth of SL (vs. dorsal-fin spine moderate, shorter than one-third of SL, or long, greater than one-third of SL).It is further distinguished from other auchenipterines, except  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys , by having the pectoral-fin girdle within the anterior half of the body length (vs. pectoral-fin girdle approximately at the halfway point of the body). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A49C454FF4AFCEDF7BE374E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A4BC46AFF1CFB01F71436DF.text	1E42067D2A4BC46AFF1CFB01F71436DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epapterus Cope 1878	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  EPAPTERUS COPE, 1878 (CLADE 101) </p>
            <p> Epapterus Cope, 1878: 677 (type species:  Epapterus dispilurus Cope, 1878 ; type by monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Epapterus blohmi Vari, Jewett, Taphorn &amp; Gilbert, 1984 and  Epapterus dispilurus Cope, 1878 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Epapterus is diagnosed by 11 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) two free pterygiophores on dorsal fin (char. 3775: 2 → 5); and (2) anal fin of nuptial males with space between modified anterior rays and remaining rays (char. 3745: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (3) adipose fin absent (char. 3493: 0 → 1), convergent in  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (4) projection of the anterior cartilage on anterior margin of lateral ethmoid absent (char. 3547: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (5) posterior process of posttemporal–supracleithrum posterodorsally oriented (char. 3561: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (6) adductor crest of hyomandibula well developed (char. 3616: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Glanidium (except  Glanidium sp.1 RS),  Liosomadoras ,  Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae, Trachelyopterina (except some species of  Trachelyopterus ),  Tatia boemia ,  Tatia sp. 4 and  Tetranematichthys ; (7) levator operculi crest of hyomandibula absent (char. 3617: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (8) posterior projection of urohyal laminar (char. 3629: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura brevior ,  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis and  Tetranematichthys ; (9) posterior nuchal plate broad, having the same width or wider than the base of the dorsal-fin spine (char. 3673: 0 → 1), convergent in some auchenipterids; (10) extension on cartilage of lateral process of basipterygium short (char. 3727: 1 → 0), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Glanidium ,  Tetranematichthys ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys ; and (11) caudal fin truncated (char. 3746: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Tetranematichthys, Trachelyopterini and  Liosomadoras . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Epapterus is a genus of small body-sized species, with distinctive features within the family related to the reduced dorsal fin and premaxilla and to the anal fin of nuptial males.  Epapterus is diagnosed from remaining auchenipterids by nuptial males having the anal fin with a space between modified anterior rays and the remaining rays (vs. all anal-fin rays contiguous, without space between rays) and by having three soft, branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. four, five, six or seven). It is further distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Pseudepapterus , by the absence of premaxillary teeth (vs. premaxillary teeth present); except for  Auchenipterus and  Pseudepapterus , by having a thick continuous skin membrane joining the proximal half of the contralateral innermost pelvic-fin rays (vs. contralateral innermost pelvic-fin rays separated from each other); and, except for  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus , by the absence of an adipose fin (vs. adipose fin present). It differs from most auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Tetranematichthys, Trachelyopterini and  Liosomadoras , by the caudal fin being truncated (vs. caudal fin bifurcated) and, except for  Asterophysus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys , by having the pectoral-fin girdle within the anterior half of the body length (vs. pectoral-fin girdle approximately at the halfway point of SL). </p>
            <p> GENUS  AUCHENIPTERUS VALENCIENNES, 1840 (CLADE 102) </p>
            <p> Auchenipterus Valenciennes , in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes (1840): 207 (type species:  Hypophthalmus nuchalis Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1829 ; type by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 15. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Auchenipterus ambyiacus Fowler, 1915 ,  Auchenipterus brachyurus (Cope, 1878) ,  Auchenipterus brevior Eigenmann, 1912 , *  Auchenipterus britskii Ferraris &amp; Vari, 1999 ,  Auchenipterus demerarae Eigenmann, 1912 ,  Auchenipterus dentatus Valenciennes, 1840 ,  Auchenipterus fordicei Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888 , *  Auchenipterus menezesi Ferraris &amp; Vari, 1999 ,  Auchenipterus nigripinnis (Boulenger, 1895) ,  Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1829) and  Auchenipterus osteomystax (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Auchenipterus is diagnosed by nine morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) distal portion of first anal-fin unbranched ray ornamented with rounded hooks in nuptial males (char. 3742: 0 → 1). Non-exclusive: (2) anterior portion of nasal bifurcated (char. 3513: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosini ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (3) four ossified suborbital tubules in adult (char. 3519: 1 → 2), convergent in  Ageneiosus dentatus ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Entomocorus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Trachelyopterus albicrux ,  Trachelyopterus porosus ,  Trachelyopterus aff.  Trachelyopterus porosus and  Trachycorystes ; (4) anterior cranial fontanel elliptical (char. 3542: 0 → 2), convergent in several auchenipterids; (5) ventral process present on dentary symphysis (char. 3606: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus lineatus ,  Tympanopleura brevis ,  Tympanopleura rondoni ,  Asterophysus ,  Pseudauchenipterus (except  Pseudauchenipterus flavescens ) and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (6) cartilage of posterior condyle of autopalatine small (char. 3609: 0 → 1), convergent in  Entomocorus ,  Ageneiosus ,  Tympanopleura , some species of  Tatia and  Gephyromochlus ; (7) parapophysis of fifth vertebra moderate in size, approximately the same size as sixth vertebra (char. 3665: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlinae (except  Centromochlus ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Glanidium catharinensis ,  Balroglanis carolae ,  Tatia creutzbergi and  Tatia intermedia ),  Liosomadoras ,  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyichthys (except  Trachelyichthys exilis ) and  Spinipterus ; (8) middle nuchal plate not in contact with parieto-supraoccipital (char. 3672: 1 → 0), convergent in  Pseudauchenipterus, Trachelyopterini ,  Centromochlus ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Glanidium (except  Glanidium ribeiroi ),  Tatia (except  Tatia musaica ,  Tatia meesi and  Tatia sp. 2 ) and  Liosomadoras ; and (9) last proximal radial of anal fin laminar (char. 3741: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys ,  Tocantinsia ,  Ageneiosus (except  Ageneiosus lineatus ,  Ageneiosus pardalis and  Ageneiosus inermis ),  Tympanopleura rondoni and  Tympanopleura cryptica . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Auchenipterus is distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Trachelyichthys and  Pseudepapterus , by the number of branched pelvic-fin rays, ten to 14 (vs. less branched pelvic-fin rays in remaining auchenipterines, except 14–16 in  Epapterus ) and, except for  Trachelyichthys exilis and  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 , by having the posteriormost pterygiophore of dorsal fin supporting two separate rays (vs. posteriormost pterygiophores of dorsal fin, ultimate and in some cases the penultimate, supporting only a single ray). Except for  Auchenipterus fordicei , the genus is also distinguished from auchenipterines, except  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Epapterus ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus dentatus and  Ageneiosus militaris , by the absence of serrations on the anterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine (vs. anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine serrated); except for  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus , by having a consistent skin membrane joining the proximal half of the contralateral innermost pelvic-fin rays (vs. contralateral innermost pelvic-fin rays separated from each other); except for  Asterophysus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Epapterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys , by having the pelvic-fin girdle within the anterior half of the body length (vs. pelvic-fin girdle approximately at the halfway point of the body); and except for  Pseudauchenipterus, Trachelyopterini and  Liosomadoras , by the absence of contact between the middle nuchal plate and parieto-supraoccipital (vs. middle nuchal plate and parieto-supraoccipital in contact with each other). </p>
            <p> TRIBE  AGENEIOSINI BLEEKER, 1862 (CLADE 107) </p>
            <p> Ageneiosi Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862 –63): 14 (type genus:  Ageneiosus La Cepède, 1803 ). </p>
            <p> Included genera:  Ageneiosus La Cepède, 1803 ,  Tetranematichthys Bleeker, 1858 and  Tympanopleura Eigenmann, 1912 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ageneiosini is diagnosed by 13 molecular and 19 morphological synapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) maxillary barbel short, not surpassing anterior margin of orbit (char. 3499: 0 → 1); (2) mesethmoid expanded anterolaterally, with notch on anterior and posterior portions (char. 3532: 1 → 0); (3) anterolateral process of sphenotic present (char.3551: 0 → 1); (4) sesamoid bone 1 large, plate-like (char.3621: 1→ 2); (5) posterior projection of urohyal bifurcated in ventral view (char. 3630: 0 → 1), reversed in  Tympanopleura brevis and  Tympanopleura cryptica ; (6) ventral connection between posterior portion of ventral hypohyal and anterior ceratohyal via bony suture (char. 3634: 0 → 1); and (7) medial portion of first epibranchial enlarged, wider than lateral portion (char. 3647: 1 → 0), reversed in  Tympanopleura brevis and  Tympanopleura cryptica . Non-exclusive: (8) anterior portion of nasal bifurcated (char. 3513: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ; (9) antorbital not participating on orbital margin (char. 3514: 1 → 0), convergent in  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Gelanoglanis ; (10) anteromedial portion of mesethmoid not contacting premaxilla (char. 3534: 0 → 1), reversed in  Tympanopleura cryptica , convergent in  Gelanoglanis and  Pseudepapterus ; (11) posterior process of epioccipital connected by suture to parapophysis of compound centrum (char. 3566: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterus coriaceus ; (12) distal portion of premaxilla extended (char. 3586: 0 → 1), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis ; (13) process present on posteromesial portion of distal extension of premaxilla (char. 3587: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlus existimatus and  Trachelyopterichthys ; (14) spines present on maxilla of nuptial males (char. 3594: 0 → 1), reversed in  Ageneiosus ucayalensis , convergent in  Trachelyopterus insignis ; (15) hyomandibula not contacting metapterygoid (char. 3620: 0 → 1), convergent in  Centromochlus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Tatia ; (16) posterior projection of urohyal short, approximately the same length as the main body of the urohyal in ventral view (char. 3628: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys longimanus ,  Auchenipterus ,  Centromochlus ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus ; (17) anterior nuchal plate absent (char. 3670: 0 → 1), convergent in  Gelanoglanini ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Pseudepapterus and clade 58 of  Tatia ; (18) dorsal-fin spine of nuptial males strongly arched (char. 3687: 0 → 1), convergent in  Trachelyopterus amblops ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Trachelyopterus teaguei ; and (19) anal fin elongated, at least half of body length (char. 3740: 0 → 2), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A4BC46AFF1CFB01F71436DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A75C46BFF1BF992F2503519.text	1E42067D2A75C46BFF1BF992F2503519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetranematichthys Bleeker 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  TETRANEMATICHTHYS BLEEKER, 1858</p>
            <p> Tetranematichthys Bleeker, 1858b: 357 , 359 (type species:  Ageneiosus quadrifilis Kner, 1857 ; type by monotypy. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> Included species: *  Tetranematichthys barthemi Peixoto &amp; Wosiacki, 2010 , *  Tetranematichthys quadrifilis (Kner, 1857) and  Tetranematichthys wallacei Vari &amp; Ferraris, 2006 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Tetranematichthys is diagnosed by 114 molecular and 14 morphological autapomorphies. Exclusive: (1) laterodorsal projections present on posterior portion of urohyal (char. 3631: 0 → 1); and (2) ornamentation on mental barbel present (char. 3507: 0 → 1); because this character was codified as inapplicable for  Ageneiosus and  Tympanopleura , which completely lack mental barbels, it was optimized as ambiguous for these genera and not listed as autapomorphic for  Tetranematichthys . Non-exclusive: (3) mesethmoid elongated, approximately two times its width, or longer (char. 3533: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Epapterus ,  Entomocorus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Pseudepapterus ; (4) epioccipital partially exposed, only anterior portion participating of cephalic shield (char. 3555: 1 → 0), convergent in  Epapterus and  Auchenipterus ; (5) posterodorsal process of hyomandibula small, weakly developed (char. 3613: 0 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (6) levator operculi crest on hyomandibula absent (char. 3617: 1 → 0), convergent in several auchenipterids; (7) posterior projection of urohyal laminar in ventral view (char. 3629: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura brevis ,  Tympanopleura cryptica ,  Epapterus and  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis ; (8) spines present on gill rakers (char. 3640: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura atronasus ,  Tympanopleura brevis ,  Ageneiosus ucayalensis and  Ageneiosus intrusus ; (9) accessory cartilage present on third and fourth basibranchials (char. 3644: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus dentatus ,  Ageneiosus intrusus ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus ,  Auchenipterus fordicei ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Centromochlus perugiae ,  Pseudauchenipterus flavescens ,  Pseudepapterus hasemani ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus ; (10) ventral bony projection in last pterygiophore of dorsal fin (char. 3679: 1 → 0), convergent in  Pseudauchenipterus and  Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis ; (11) cartilage of lateral process of basipterygium short (char. 3727: 1 → 0), convergent in  Epapterus ,  Glanidium ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachelyichthys sp. 1 ; (12) caudal fin truncated (char. 3746: 0 → 1), convergent in  Ageneiosus inermis ,  Ageneiosus vittatus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Epapterus ,  Liosomadoras and  Trachelyopterini (except  Tocantinsia ); (13) hypurapophysis of type B (Lundberg &amp; Baskin, 1969) (char. 3747: 2 → 1), convergent in several auchenipterids; (14) first ventral unbranched caudal-fin ray articulated on antepenultimate haemal spine (char. 3749: 1 → 3), convergent in  Trachelyopterus striatulus ,  Trachelyopterus porosus and  Trachelyopterus aff.  T. porosus ; and (15) caudal skeleton posteroventrally oriented (char. 3753: 0 → 1), convergent in  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Tetranematichthys is a robust, medium body-sized genus known for nuptial males developing conspicuous sexually dimorphic features related to the dorsal-fin spine and maxillary barbel. This genus is distinguished from all auchenipterids by the digitiform ornamentation on the mental barbel (vs. mental barbel smooth, not bearing any ornamentation). It further differs from auchenipterids, except  Tympanopleura and  Ageneiosus , by having the predorsal region deeply arched, forming a sloped nuchal shield (vs. approximately straight in relationship to the dorsal fin region, or slightly arched, but never forming a deep slope) and by the short maxillary barbel, not surpassing the anterior margin of the orbit (vs. long maxillary barbel, extending beyond the anterior margin of the orbit). It is distinguished from all Auchenipterids, except  Gelanoglanis , by the presence of one pair of mental barbels (vs. mental barbel absent in  Tympanopleura and  Ageneiosus , or two pairs present in remaining genera). It is distinguished from other auchenipterines, except  Pseudepapterus , by the absence of an anterior nuchal plate (vs. anterior nuchal plate present); and, except for  Trachelyichthys ,  Trachelyopterichthys and  Trachycorystes trachycorystes , by having the caudal skeleton posteroventrally oriented, usually forming a subtle sloping in dorsal profile of the caudal-fin origin (vs. caudal skeleton posteriorly oriented). </p>
            <p> GENUS  TYMPANOPLEURA EIGENMANN, 1912 (CLADE 109) </p>
            <p> Tympanopleura Eigenmann, 1912: 203 (type species:  Tympanopleura piperata Eigenmann, 1912 ; type by original designation. Gender feminine). </p>
            <p> Included species:  Tympanopleura atronasus (Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888) ,  Tympanopleura brevis (Steindachner, 1881) ,  Tympanopleura cryptica Walsh, Ribeiro &amp; Py-Daniel 2015 ,  Tympanopleura longipinna Walsh, Ribeiro &amp; Py-Daniel 2015 ,  Tympanopleura piperata Eigenmann, 1912 ,  Tympanopleura rondoni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1914) and  Tympanopleura sp. 1 Ribeiro et al., undescribed. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Tympanopleura is diagnosed by six molecular and three morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) eye very large, occupying almost entire head depth (char. 3491: 0 → 1), c o n v e r g e n t i n Au ch e n i p t e r u s, P s e u d e p a p t e r u s  cucuhyensis ,  Epapterus ,  Entomocorus ,  Centromochlus and  Balroglanis (except  Balroglanis carolae ); (2) upper gill rakers conical (char. 3639: 1 → 0), convergent in  Auchenipterichthys, Centromochlinae (except  Gelanoglanis ),  Liosomadoras oncinus and  Trachelyopterina ; and (3) postzygapophysis of compound centrum extended up to seventh vertebra (char. 3666: 4 → 3), convergent in  Auchenipterus ,  Balroglanis macracanthus ,  Duringlanis romani ,  Entomocorus ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Trachelyichthys and  Trachelyopterus teaguei . </p>
            <p> Additional diagnosis:  Tympanopleura differs from  Ageneiosus by having a smaller adult body size; more gently rounded anterior profile of the head, and less protruded upper jaw, which is reflected by a shorter relative preorbital distance; large, cordiform gas bladder that is unencapsulated in bone; and prominent pseudotympanum, visible externally.  Tympanopleura (except  Tympanopleura piperata ) also differs from  Ageneiosus by having paired posterior diverticula on the gas bladder (Walsh et al., 2015). </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Tympanopleura is a small body-sized  Ageneiosini that is distinguished from other auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosus , by having the eye ventrolaterally positioned, in such a way that it is visible in both ventral and dorsal views (vs. eye not visible in ventral view), mouth subterminal, upper jaw extended well anteriorly to the lower jaw (vs. mouth terminal, both upper and lower jaws extended anteriorly at the same vertical line) and absence of mental barbels (vs. two pairs of mental barbels present, one pair in  Tetranematichthys and  Gelanoglanis ). It is further distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Ageneiosus and  Tetranematichthys , by the short maxillary barbel, not surpassing the anterior margin of the orbit (vs. long maxillary barbel, extending beyond the anterior margin of the orbit). It is distinguished from  Ageneiosus by lacking a longitudinal sulcus on the posterior margin of the anterior cranial fontanel (except  Tympanopleura rondoni ; vs. longitudinal sulcus present on posterior margin of the anterior cranial fontanel); prominent pseudotympanum, conspicuously visible externally (vs. not visible externally, or very little visible externally); except for  Ageneiosus vittatus and  Ageneiosus dentatus , by having the posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated (vs. posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth); and the Müllerian ramus large, surpassing the line through the suture in the posterolateral margin of the transcapular process (vs. reduced, not surpassing half the length of the transcapular process). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A75C46BFF1BF992F2503519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
1E42067D2A74C468FC9CF9D1F36337B4.text	1E42067D2A74C468FC9CF9D1F36337B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ageneiosus La Cepede 1803	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  AGENEIOSUS LA CEPÈDE, 1803 (CLADE 115) </p>
            <p> Ageneiosus La Cepède, 1803: 132 (type species:  Ageneiosus armatus La Cepède, 1803 ; type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1890: 299. Gender masculine). </p>
            <p> I n c l u d e d s p e c i e s: A g e n e i o s u s a k a m a i R i b e i r o, Py-Daniel &amp; Walsh, 2017, *  Ageneiosus apiaka Ribeiro, Py-Daniel &amp; Walsh, 2017 ,  Ageneiosus dentatus Kner, 1857 ,  Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 1766) ,  Ageneiosus intrusus Ribeiro, Py-Daniel &amp; Walsh, 2017 ,  Ageneiosus lineatus Ribeiro, Py-Daniel &amp; Walsh, 2017 , *  Ageneiosus magoi Castillo &amp; Brull, 1989 ,  Ageneiosus militaris Valenciennes, 1836 ,  Ageneiosus pardalis Lütken, 1874 ,  Ageneiosus polystictus Steindachner, 1915 ,  Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau, 1855 ,  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus Ribeiro &amp; Py-Daniel, 2010 and  Ageneiosus vittatus Steindachner, 1908 . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ageneiosus is diagnosed by six morphological synapomorphies. Non-exclusive: (1) bones of cephalic shield trabeculated (char. 3531: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura atronasus and  Tympanopleura rondoni ; (2) epioccipital not exposed, not participating of cephalic shield (char. 3555: 1 → 2), convergent in  Pseudepapterus ; (3) bony expansion present on posteromedial portion of premaxilla (char. 3585: 0 → 1), reversed in  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus and  Ageneiosus intrusus , convergent in  Auchenipterus fordicei and  Trachycorystes ; (4) coronoid process of anguloarticular developed as a large and laminar process (char. 3602: 0 → 1), convergent in  Tympanopleura rondoni ,  Tympanopleura atronasus ,  Auchenipterichthys ,  Pseudauchenipterus ,  Trachelyichthys ,  Gephyromochlus ,  Pseudotatia ,  Duringlanis ,  Balroglanis and most species of  Tatia ; (5) Müllerian ramus reduced, not surpassing half the length of the transcapular process (char. 3661: 0 → 1), convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Gelanoglanis and  Pseudepapterus ; and (6) serrations absent on posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine (char. 3693: 0 → 1), reversed in  Ageneiosus dentatus and  Ageneiosus vittatus , convergent in  Asterophysus ,  Duringlanis perugiae ,  Epapterus ,  Gelanoglanis travieso ,  Pseudepapterus ,  Tatia (except  Tatia intermedia and  Tatia simplex ),  Tocantinsia ,  Trachelyopterichthys ,  Spinipterus ,  Trachycorystes trachycorystes ,  Trachelyopterus insignis and  Trachelyopterus amblops . </p>
            <p> Additional diagnosis: Posterior diverticula on gas bladder absent; epaxial muscles almost completely covering tympanic region in adults, except  Ageneiosus pardalis . </p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Ageneiosus is a large body-sized  Ageneiosini that is distinguished from other auchenipterids, except  Tympanopleura , by having the snout strongly depressed, resembling a duck’s beak (vs. snout only slightly depressed, or laterally compressed in  Gelanoglanis ), with the eye ventrolaterally positioned, in such a way that it is as visible in ventral and dorsal views (vs. eye not visible in ventral view), mouth subterminal, upper jaw extended well anteriorly to the lower jaw (vs. mouth terminal, both upper and lower jaws extended anteriorly to the same vertical line), and absence of mental barbels (vs. two pairs of mental barbels present, but one pair in  Tetranematichthys and  Gelanoglanis ). It is further distinguished from all auchenipterines, except  Tympanopleura and  Tetranematichthys , by the short maxillary barbel, not surpassing the anterior margin of the orbit (vs. long maxillary barbel, extending beyond the anterior margin of the orbit) and, except for  Pseudepapterus , the epioccipital not exposed, not participating in the cephalic shield (vs. epioccipital exposed on the dorsal surface of head). It is distinguished from  Tympanopleura by a longitudinal sulcus on the posterior margin of the anterior cranial fontanel (vs. longitudinal sulcus absent, except in  Tympanopleura rondoni ); pseudotympanum not visible externally, or very little visible externally (vs. prominent pseudotympanum, conspicuously visible externally); posterior margin of the dorsal-fin spine smooth, not serrated, except for  Ageneiosus vittatus and  Ageneiosus dentatus (vs. posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine serrated); and Müllerian ramus reduced, not surpassing half the length of the transcapular process (vs. Müllerian ramus large, surpassing the suture in the posterolateral margin of the transcapular process). </p>
            <p> Remarks: The condition of an ossified gas bladder was suggested by Ribeiro et al. (2017) as diagnostic for  Ageneiosus . The present hypothesis, however, has not recovered this feature as synapomorphic for the genus, because the gas bladder of  Tympanopleura cryptica and  Tympanopleura piperata are ossified but that of  Ageneiosus lineatus is unossified, a condition also shared with  Ageneiosus pardalis , not observed in this study but reported by Ribeiro et al. (2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E42067D2A74C468FC9CF9D1F36337B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calegari, Bárbara B.;Vari, Richard P.;Reis, Roberto E.	Calegari, Bárbara B., Vari, Richard P., Reis, Roberto E. (2019): Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 661-773
