identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B3533DDBCD57581A86CA2CDE0290E3C6.text	B3533DDBCD57581A86CA2CDE0290E3C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos bidentatus Pasteels 1950	<div><p>Deltoxenos bidentatus Pasteels, 1950</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• ♀ (NMPC), Central African Republic: Mbaiki 55 km NW, 510 m, 23.xii.2008, host: Afreumenes sp., J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsAf 1 • ♀ (NMPC), Central African Republic: Mbaiki 150 km NW, 14.vi.2009, host: Afreumenes cf. aethiopicus (Saussure, 1852), J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 3 • 4 ♀ (KUNHM), Malawi: Mlanje env., 06.iv.1967, host: Afreumenes aethiopicus (Saussure, 1852), Ch. Michener lgt., voucher code: PsAe 1 .</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>Size of cephalothorax: length 1.24–1.48 mm, width 1.16–1.48 mm. Cephalothorax triangular, meso- and metathorax not elongated; apical maxillary region projecting beyond mandibular apex (Benda et al. 2022 b: fig. 47 C). Mandibles relatively small compared to head capsule (Benda et al. 2022 b: fig. 49 A).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Afreumenes melanosoma (Saussure 1852) ( Eumenes melanosomus decipiens Kirby), type host; Afreumenes aethiopicus (Saussure, 1852) (Pasteels 1950; Luna de Carvalho 1978); Afreumenes cf. aethiopicus (Saussure, 1852) (Benda et al. 2022 b); Afreumenes sp. (this study).</p><p>DNA barcode sequences (GenBank).</p><p>MN 914583.1 (voucher code: PsAf 1), MK 431201.1 (voucher code: PsDe 3) (Benda et al. 2021).</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>The earliest diverging species in lineage of Deltoxenos parasitising Eumenini ( Vespidae) (Benda et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Democratic Republic of Congo (type locality); Liberia (Pasteels 1950, Luna de Carvalho 1978); Central African Republic (Benda et al. 2021); Malawi (Benda et al. 2022 b).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Benda et al. (2021) lists Delta tropicale (Saussure, 1852) as the host of this species, but it was identified as Afreumenes sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3533DDBCD57581A86CA2CDE0290E3C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
A73E9ECF3F46522096ADDC5C8A313E53.text	A73E9ECF3F46522096ADDC5C8A313E53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos hajeki Benda & Straka 2025	<div><p>Deltoxenos hajeki Benda &amp; Straka sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A, B, 2 A – D, 3 A – D, 4 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♀ (NMPC), Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal, 4.5 km S of Barana, 275 m, 6.xii.2013, host: Phimenes solomonis (Vecht, 1959), J. Hájek lgt . Paratype • ♀ (NMPC), data the same as holotype, from the same host specimen as holotype (Fig. 1) .</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>This species is easily distinguished from other representatives of the genus Deltoxenos by a conspicuous dark spot posteriorly on the prosternum (pds, Fig. 2 A) and a double dark spot (mds, Fig. 2 A) situated mesally on the mesosternum. The cuticular surface of the prosternal and mesosternal dark spots is smooth, without any papillae or reticulation. It differs from D. indonesiensis and D. reginus by well-developed and prominent maxillae, separated from the labial area (mx, Fig. 4 A), and by the mostly pale colouration of the prosternum and mesosternum. It differs from D. rueppelli by a rounded and protruding clypeal lobe (cl, Fig. 12). From D. maceki it can be distinguished by ventrally exposed clypeal sensilla (cls, Fig. 4 A) which are mainly concentrated anteriorly on clypeal lobe in D. maceki . The antennal torulus is slightly reduced but still present (Fig. 4 B) while it is completely absent in D. maceki (Fig. 11 C).</p><p>Description of female cephalothorax.</p><p>Shape and colouration. Size of holotype cephalothorax: length 1.74 mm, width 1.42 mm (Fig. 2 C). Size of paratype cephalothorax: length 1.62 mm, width 1.52 mm (Fig. 2 A). Cephalothorax variable in size, but always distinctly longer than wide; paratype shorter and wider than holotype. Constriction at pro-mesothoracic segmental border not visible; meso-metathoracic segmental border conspicuously constricted laterally (sbmm, Fig. 2 C). Abdominal segment I not protruding laterally, corner below spiracles rounded. Anterior head margin rounded, slightly protruding from remaining head capsule. Thorax elongated, very slightly widening posteriorly. Cephalothorax with conspicuously contrasting pale and dark colour pattern but predominantly pale.</p><p>Head capsule. Length proportion of head / cephalothorax 0.44–0.45 including lateral cephalic extension. Colouration forming specific pattern with predominantly pale parts and dark brown mandible and labium. Surface of lateral extensions at site of reduced compound eyes smooth, laterally with conspicuous longitudinal grooves visible on SEM images (gr, Fig. 3 A), with dark colouration (gr, Fig. 2 A). Clypeal area well delimited from labral area, arcuate, clypeal lobe slightly protruding from head capsule. Surface completely smooth with slightly&gt; 44 distinctly exposed sensilla mainly concentrated on clypeal lobe on ventral side (cls, Fig. 4 A). Dorsal side of clypeal area smooth and lacking sensilla (cl, Fig. 4 B). Border between clypeal and frontal region indistinct but still present. Frontal region smooth, slightly reticulated (fr, Fig. 4 B). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by indistinct mesal furrow on dorsal side (sbhp, Fig. 3 B) and by dorsal transverse stripe of reticulated cuticular surface on frontal region. Head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening ventromedially (bo, Fig. 3 A) and laterally by suture (sbhp, Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Supra - antennal sensillary field. Reticulated to completely smooth, with dispersed sensilla inserted in cavities (sssf, Fig. 4 B). Distinctly delimited by furrow on medial side (fssf, Fig. 4 B). Surface of supra-antennal sensillary field and frontal region with different sculpture.</p><p>Antenna. Preserved as well-defined area, with numerous vestigial sensilla, distinct rounded plates and inconspicuous cavities (a, Fig. 4 B). Antennal torulus reduced but still present as furrow between antenna and periantennal area. Periantennal area slightly expanded, smooth (paa, Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Labrum. Ventral field wider than long, elliptic. Dorsal field very slightly arcuate, flat, not raised, laterally not narrower than medially, 4 × wider than long in midline (vlf, dlf, Fig. 4 A). In holotype, dorsal field with 11 sensilla inserted in cavities (dlf, Fig. 4 A).</p><p>Mandible. Mandibles anteromedially directed at angle of 40–45 ° (45 ° in holotype), enclosed within mandibular capsule. Mandibular bulge distinctly raised, elongated, anteriorly directed, with several sensilla (mdb, Fig. 4 A). Cuticle of mandible smooth medially, laterally with longitudinal furrows. Mandibular tooth not curved, pointing dorsally, armed with many spines (mdt, Fig. 4 A).</p><p>Maxilla. Well-developed and prominent, separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 4 A). Mostly with pale colouration, cuticle smooth or slightly reticulated. Apical maxillary region not projecting beyond mandibular apex. Basal part connected with labium and not overlapping with mandible (mxb, Fig. 3 A). Vestige of palp present, located medially on ventral side of maxilla (mxp, Fig. 4 A). Maxillary base distinctly produced anterolaterally as submaxillary groove. Space between prothoracic extension and head extended (sbhp, mxb, Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Labium. Labial area between maxillae distinct, delimited anteriorly by mouth opening and posteriorly by birth opening (lb, Fig. 4 A). Flat, approximately as long as wide. Cuticular surface smooth to very slightly reticulated.</p><p>Mouth opening. Widely arcuate but not semicircular, sclerotised along margin (os, Fig. 4 A).</p><p>Thorax. Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders visible ventrally as slightly imprinted mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 2 A, 3 A). On dorsal side separated by conspicuous dark mesal furrows, distinctly contrasting with pale thoracic segments (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 2 B, 3 B). Border between metathorax and abdomen indicated by ventral ridge on ventral side or indicated by change in colour and cuticular sculpture. Cuticle of thoracic segments on ventral side mostly reticulated, uniformly scattered with inconspicuous or more distinct pigmented papillae, except dark spots. Prosternum differentiated, anteriorly with field of dozens of sensilla (psf, Fig. 3 A, C), posteriorly with conspicuous dark spot (pds, Fig. 2 A). Mesosternum almost completely covered with dark papillae except mesal double dark spot (mds, Fig. 2 A). Cuticular surface of prosternal and mesosternal dark spots smooth, without any papillae or reticulation. All thoracic segments dorsally pale, but darker laterally. Meso- and metathorax transverse, rarely slightly elongated.</p><p>Abdominal segment I and spiracles. Setae and cuticular spines present on lateral region of abdominal segment I posterior to spiracle (Fig. 3 D). Spiracles on posterior ~ 2 / 5 of cephalothorax, very slightly elevated, with lateral or dorsolateral orientation. Cephalothoracic part of abdominal segment I below spiracles dark brown on both sides (asI, Fig. 2 D).</p><p>Host.</p><p>Phimenes solomonis (Vecht, 1959)</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Solomon Islands.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Jiří Hájek (National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague), a dear colleague and expert on aquatic beetles, who collected the type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A73E9ECF3F46522096ADDC5C8A313E53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
4D87D5F926B95A2A88E7D1FD4C55C617.text	4D87D5F926B95A2A88E7D1FD4C55C617.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos indonesiensis Benda & Straka 2025	<div><p>Deltoxenos indonesiensis Benda &amp; Straka sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6 A – D, 7 A – D, 8 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♀ (NMPC), Indonesia: Tanimbar Islands, Yamdena isl. 20 km NE Soumiaki, 150 m, 15.iv.2007, host: Delta pyriforme miraculum Gusenleitner, 2008, M. Obořil lgt., voucher code: PsIND 1 . Paratypes • ♀ (OLML), data the same as holotype, voucher code: PsMr 2 • ♀ (OLML), data the same as holotype, host: Delta pyriforme miraculum Gusenleitner, 2008 (host specimen is paratype), voucher code: PsMr 1 • 2 ♀ (OLML), Indonesia: Tanimbar Islands, Yamdena isl. 21 km N of Saumlaki, 150 m, 11.xii.2005, host: Delta pyriforme miraculum Gusenleitner, 2008, S. Jákl lgt., voucher codes: PsMr 3 a, PsMr 3 b .</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>This species is diagnosed by a combination of features and differs from D. reginus in several characters. In D. reginus, the prosternum is differentiated, anteriorly pale brown with smooth or slightly wrinkled surface, posteriorly dark and reticulated, whereas in D. indonesiensis it is completely reticulated and dark. The ventral field of the labrum is slightly wider than long in D. indonesiensis (vlf, Fig. 8 A) but distinctly wider than long in D. reginus, transversely elongated, elliptic (vlf, Fig. 15 A). The mandible and maxilla of D. indonesiensis is dark brown and significantly darker than in D. reginus . The cuticle of the mandible is predominantly smooth in D. indonesiensis and laterally with longitudinal furrows but completely wrinkled in D. reginus . The periantennal area is narrow in D. indonesiensis but slightly expanded in D. reginus (paa, Fig. 15 B).</p><p>The area of the mouthparts in front of the birth opening is shortened and the maxillae are reduced compared to conditions found in D. hajeki and D. maceki . It differs from D. hajeki in the following features: frontal region distinctly reticulated (fr, Fig. 8 B), labium longer than wide (lb, Fig. 8 A). Differs from D. rueppelli by rounded and protruding clypeal lobe. Maxilla not well-developed, slightly bulging, triangular, slightly separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 8 A); and meso- and metathorax transverse, distinctly elongated as in D. reginus .</p><p>Description of female cephalothorax.</p><p>Shape and colouration. Size of cephalothorax of holotype: length 2.25 mm, width 1.78 mm. Range of size of cephalothorax: length 2.17–2.5 mm, width 1.78–2.0 mm (Fig. 6 A, C). Cephalothorax variable in size, but always elongated, distinctly longer than wide. Constriction at pro-mesothoracic segmental border indistinctly visible, meso-metathoracic segmental border conspicuously constricted laterally (sbpm, sbmm, Fig. 6 C). Abdominal segment I not protruding laterally, corner below spiracles rounded. Anterior head margin rounded, slightly protruding from remaining head capsule. Thorax elongated, very slightly widening posteriorly. Cephalothorax with conspicuously contrasting pale and dark colour pattern, predominantly dark ventrally and pale dorsally.</p><p>Head capsule. Ca 1 / 3 as long as entire cephalothorax including lateral cephalic extension. Colouration forming specific pattern with predominantly pale parts and dark brown mandibles, maxillae, and labium. Surface of lateral extensions at site of reduced compound eyes smooth, laterally with only poorly visible longitudinal grooves, mostly pale brown (lehc, Fig. 6 C). Clypeal area well delimited from labral area medially, poorly laterally; arcuate, clypeal lobe protruding from head capsule. Surface of clypeal area completely smooth with&gt; 20 slightly exposed sensilla mainly concentrated on clypeal lobe on ventral side (cls, Fig. 8 A). Dorsal side of clypeal area not well visible, smooth, and lacking sensilla (cl, Fig. 8 B). Border between clypeal and frontal region distinct, distinguishable by cuticular surface structure. Frontal region distinctly reticulated (fr, Fig. 8 B). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by very indistinct mesal furrow on dorsal side (sbhp, Fig. 7 B) and by dark transverse stripe laterally (sbhp, Fig. 6 D). Head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening ventromedially (bo, Fig. 7 A) and laterally by suture (sbhp, Fig. 7 A).</p><p>Supra - antennal sensillary field. Reticulated to completely smooth, with dispersed sensilla inserted in cavities (sssf, Fig. 8 B). Very slightly delimited by furrow on medial side, almost unrecognisable (fssf, Fig. 8 B), surface of supra-antennal sensillary field and frontal region with different sculpture.</p><p>Antenna. Preserved as well-defined area, with numerous vestigial sensilla, rounded plates and inconspicuous cavities (a, Fig. 8 B). Edges of antennal area not defined, antennal torulus completely reduced. Periantennal area not expanded, reduced, smooth (paa, Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Labrum. Ventral field wider than long, elliptic. Dorsal field very slightly arcuate, flat, not raised, laterally not narrower than medially, 5 × wider than long in midline (vlf, dlf, Fig. 8 A). Dorsal field with ~ 10 sensilla inserted in cavities (dlf, Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Mandible. Mandibles anteromedially directed at angle of 25–40 ° (40 ° in holotype), enclosed in mandibular capsule. Mandibular bulge distinctly raised, anteriorly directed in straight line, blunt, not elongated; sensilla of mandibular bulge poorly visible (mdb, Fig. 8 A). Cuticle of mandible predominantly smooth, laterally with longitudinal furrows. Mandibular tooth not curved, pointed anterodorsally, armed with several spines (mdt, Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Maxilla. Indistinctly developed, slightly bulging, triangular, indistinctly separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 8 A). Mostly dark, cuticle smooth or slightly reticulated. Apical maxillary region not projecting beyond mandibular apex. Basal part connected with labium, laterally very slightly overlapping with mandible (mxb, Fig. 8 A). Vestige of palp present, located medially on ventral side of maxilla (mxp, Fig. 8 A). Maxillary base (mxb) distinctly produced anterolaterally as submaxillary groove. Space between prothoracic extension and head not extended (sbhp, mxb, Fig. 7 A).</p><p>Labium. Labial area between maxillae rather indistinct, delimited anteriorly by mouth opening and posteriorly by birth opening (lb, Fig. 8 A). Labial area flat, narrower than long. Cuticular surface smooth to very slightly reticulated.</p><p>Mouth opening. Medially straight, laterally arcuate, sclerotised along margin (os, Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Thorax. Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders visible ventrally as slightly to distinctly imprinted mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 6 A, 7 A). On dorsal side separated by conspicuous dark mesal furrows, distinctly contrasting with mostly pale thoracic segments (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 6 B, 7 B). Border between metathorax and abdomen indicated by ventral ridge or indicated by change in colour and cuticular sculpture. Cuticle of thoracic segments on ventral side reticulated or smooth, with dark papillae concentrated medially on mesosternum and metasternum. Prosternum differentiated, mostly dark, anteriorly with inconspicuous field with dozens of sensilla (psf, Fig. 7 A, C). Mesosternum mostly dark, without spots, with dark papillae medially. Metasternum mostly dark, lighter medially, with two mesal areas of dark papillae (mtstp, Fig. 6 C). All thoracic segments dorsally mostly pale, but darker laterally. Meso- and metathorax transverse, distinctly elongated.</p><p>Abdominal segment I and spiracles. Setae and cuticular spines present on lateral region of abdominal segment I posterior to spiracle (Fig. 7 D). Spiracles on posterior ~ 1 / 3 of cephalothorax, very slightly elevated, with lateral or dorsolateral orientation. Cephalothoracic part of abdominal segment I below spiracles dark brown on both sides (asI, Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Host.</p><p>Delta pyriforme miraculum Gusenleitner, 2008 .</p><p>DNA barcode sequence (GenBank).</p><p>MK 431200.1 (voucher code: PsInd 1) (Benda et al. 2021).</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>Sister species to Deltoxenos sp. from Thailand, related to Deltoxenos rueppelli (Benda et al. 2021) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to Indonesia, the geographic region where the species was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D87D5F926B95A2A88E7D1FD4C55C617	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
0A586556216F5D3D8AA7C11720CB1953.text	0A586556216F5D3D8AA7C11720CB1953.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos maceki Benda & Straka 2025	<div><p>Deltoxenos maceki Benda &amp; Straka sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9 A, B, 10 A – D, 11 A – D, 12 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♀ (NMPC), Vietnam: Hoa-binh env., 9.vi.1986, host: Pareumenes quadrispinosus (Saussure, 1855), J. Macek lgt., voucher code: PsPa 1 a . Paratypes • ♀ (NMPC), data the same as holotype, from the same host specimen as holotype, voucher code: PsPa 1 b • 2 ♀ (OLML), Laos: Khammouan prov., Nakai env., 550 m, 15.vi.2001, host: Pareumenes quadrispinosus (Saussure, 1855), E. Jendek lgt., voucher codes: PsQd 2 a, PsQd 2 b .</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>2 EMP (NMPC), data the same as holotype, from the same host specimen as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>This species is diagnosed by a combination of characters. Thorax not elongated as in D. indonesiensis and D. reginus, distinctly widening posteriorly, almost triangular, similar to D. bidentatus (Fig. 10 A), but narrow in some specimens (Fig. 10 C). Differs from D. rueppelli by rounded and protruding clypeal lobe (cl, Fig. 12), differs from other species in very conspicuous and wide space at border between clypeal and labral areas (sbcl, Fig. 12 A) and in shape of maxilla, which partly overlap with mandible (mx, Fig. 12 A). From D. hajeki distinguished by anteriorly exposed clypeal sensilla (cls, Fig. 12 A) which are mainly concentrated ventrally on the clypeal lobe in D. hajeki; antennal torulus completely absent in D. maceki while slightly reduced but still present in D. hajeki; prosternum anteriorly distinctly reticulated without any sensilla × prosternum differentiated, anteriorly with field of sensilla in D. hajeki .</p><p>Description of female cephalothorax.</p><p>Shape and colouration. Size of holotype cephalothorax: length 1.5 mm, width 1.16 mm. Size of cephalothorax: length 1.44–1.5 mm, width 1.18–1.46 mm (Fig. 10). Cephalothorax only slightly varying in length but distinctly variable in width (compare Fig. 10 A with Fig. 10 C). Constriction at pro-mesothoracic segmental border indistinctly visible, meso-metathoracic segmental border conspicuously constricted laterally (sbpm, sbmm, Fig. 10 A). Abdominal segment I not protruding laterally, corner below spiracles rounded. Anterior head margin rounded, slightly protruding from remaining head capsule. Thorax not elongated, distinctly widening posteriorly or narrow in few specimens. Cephalothorax with conspicuously contrasting pale and dark colour pattern but predominantly pale.</p><p>Head capsule. Ca 1 / 3 as long as entire cephalothorax including lateral cephalic extension. Colouration forming specific pattern with predominantly light parts and dark brown mandible and labium. Surface of lateral extensions at site of reduced compound eyes smooth, laterally with slightly wrinkled cuticle and indistinct longitudinal grooves, dark-coloured. Clypeal area well delimited from labral area, arcuate, clypeal lobe slightly protruded from head capsule. Border between clypeal and labral area distinct and wide (sbcl, Fig. 12 A). Clypeal surface smooth to slightly wrinkled with distinctly exposed sensilla mainly concentrated anteriorly on clypeal lobe (cls, Fig. 12 A). Dorsal side of clypeal area wrinkled (cl, Fig. 12 B). Border between clypeal and frontal region indistinct but still present. Frontal region distinctly reticulated and wrinkled (fr, Fig. 12 B). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by very indistinct mesal furrow on dorsal side (sbhp, Fig. 11 B) and by distinct dark transverse stripe visible on colour photograph (sbhp, Fig. 10 D). Head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening ventromedially (bo, Fig. 11 A) and laterally by suture (sbhp, Fig. 11 A).</p><p>Supra - antennal sensillary field. Completely reticulated and wrinkled, with dispersed sensilla inserted in cavities (sssf, Figs 11 C, 12 B). Very slightly delimited on medial side, almost unrecognisable (fssf, Fig. 12 B), surface of supra-antennal sensillary field and frontal region with different sculpture.</p><p>Antenna. Preserved as poorly defined area, with numerous vestigial sensilla and inconspicuous cavities (a, Fig. 11 C). Antennal torulus completely absent, no border present as between antenna and periantennal area. Periantennal area reticulated, wrinkled (paa, Fig. 11 C).</p><p>Labrum. Ventral field wider than long, elliptic. Dorsal field very slightly arcuate, flat, not raised, laterally not narrower than medially, 5 × wider than long in midline (vlf, dlf, Fig. 12 A). Dorsal field with ~ 25 sensilla inserted in cavities, sensilla dispersed laterally (dlf, Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Mandible. Mandibles anteromedially directed at angle of 40–45 ° (45 ° in holotype), enclosed in mandibular capsule. Mandibular bulge distinctly raised, elongated, directed anteriorly, with several sensilla (mdb, Fig. 12 A). Cuticle of mandible almost completely smooth, without lateral longitudinal furrows. Mandibular tooth slightly curved, pointed anteriorly, not conspicuously armed with spines (mdt, Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Maxilla. Well-developed and prominent, separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 12 A). Mostly dark, medially pale; cuticle smooth medially, reticulated laterally. Apical maxillary region not projecting beyond mandibular apex. Basal part connected with labium, anterior part slightly overlapping with mandible (mx, Fig. 12 A). Vestige of palp present, conspicuous, located medially on ventral side of maxilla (mxp, Fig. 12 A). Maxillary base distinctly produced anterolaterally as submaxillary groove. Space between prothoracic extension and head not widened (sbhp, mxb, Fig. 11 A).</p><p>Labium. Labial area between maxillae distinct, delimited anteriorly by mouth opening and posteriorly by birth opening (lb, Fig. 12 A). Flat, approximately as long as wide. Cuticular surface very slightly reticulated.</p><p>Mouth opening. Very variable, laterally arcuate, medially sinuate to straight, area around mouth opening dark (os, Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Thorax. Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders visible ventrally as slightly imprinted mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 10 A, 11 A). On dorsal side separated by conspicuous dark mesal furrows, distinctly contrasting with pale thoracic segments (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 10 B, 11 B). Border between metathorax and abdomen indicated by ventral ridge on ventral side or indicated by change in colour and cuticular sculpture. Cuticle of thoracic segments on ventral side mostly pale except prothorax, with conspicuous pigmented papillae. Prosternum differentiated, anteriorly distinctly reticulated but without any sensilla; prosternum with typical colour pattern – dark anteromedially and laterally. Mesosternum and metasternum with two areas of dark papillae (mstp, mtstp, Fig. 10 A). Cuticular surface of prosternal and mesosternal dark spots smooth, without any papillae or reticulation. All thoracic segments mostly pale dorsally and laterally. Meso- and metathorax transverse, rarely slightly elongated.</p><p>Abdominal segment I and spiracles. Setae and cuticular spines present on lateral region of abdominal segment I posterior to spiracle (cus, Fig. 11 D). Spiracles on posterior ~ 1 / 3 of cephalothorax very slightly elevated, with anterolateral orientation. Cephalothoracic part of abdominal segment I below spiracles orange to dark brown on both sides (asI, Fig. 10 B).</p><p>Host.</p><p>Pareumenes quadrispinosus (Saussure, 1855) .</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Vietnam, Laos.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Jan Macek (National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague), a dear colleague and friend, as well as a world expert on Hymenoptera, who collected part of the type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A586556216F5D3D8AA7C11720CB1953	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
4A371A04710D51E7B7C7287524AE2B4D.text	4A371A04710D51E7B7C7287524AE2B4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos reginus Benda & Straka 2025	<div><p>Deltoxenos reginus Benda &amp; Straka sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13 A – D, 14 A – D, 15 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♀ (KUNHM), Madagascar: Diego Suarez Prov., Mt. D´Ambre, Ambohitra Forest Preserve, 16.xi.1986, host: Delta regina (Saussure, 1852), J. Wenzel lgt.</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>For differentiation from D. indonesiensis, see diagnosis of the female cephalothorax of D. indonesiensis sp. nov. Area of mouthparts in front of birth opening shortened and maxillae reduced compared to D. hajeki and D. maceki . Differs from D. rueppelli by rounded and protruding clypeal lobe. Maxilla not well developed, slightly bulging, triangular, slightly separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 15 A); meso- and metathorax distinctly elongated as in D. indonesiensis .</p><p>Description of female holotype cephalothorax.</p><p>Shape and colouration. Size of cephalothorax: length 2.67 mm, width 2.27 mm (Fig. 13 C). Cephalothorax large, elongated, distinctly longer than wide. Pro-mesothoracic segmental border constriction indistinctly visible, meso-metathoracic segmental border conspicuously constricted laterally (sbpm, sbmm, Fig. 13 C). Abdominal segment I not protruding laterally, corner below spiracles rounded. Anterior head margin rounded, distinctly protruding from remaining head capsule. Thorax elongated, very slightly widening posteriorly. Cephalothorax with conspicuously contrasting light and dark colour pattern, predominantly dark ventrally and light dorsally.</p><p>Head capsule. Length proportion of head / cephalothorax 0.34 including lateral cephalic extension. Colouration forming specific pattern with predominantly light parts and dark brown labium and slightly darker mandibles and maxillae. Surface of lateral extensions at site of reduced compound eyes smooth, laterally with only poorly visible longitudinal grooves; lateral extensions mostly light brown (lehc, Fig. 13 C). Clypeal area well delimited from labral area medially, indistinctly laterally; clypeal lobe arcuate, distinctly protruding from head capsule. Surface of clypeal area smooth to slightly wrinkled, with&gt; 25 exposed sensilla mainly concentrated on clypeal lobe on ventral side (cls, Fig. 15 A). Dorsal side of clypeal area slightly wrinkled and lacking sensilla (cl, Fig. 15 B). Border between clypeal and frontal region slightly visible, distinguishable by inconspicuous furrow. Frontal region distinctly reticulated and wrinkled (fr, Fig. 15 B). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by very indistinct mesal furrow on dorsal side (sbhp, Fig. 14 B) and by distinct dark transverse stripe (visible on colour photograph, sbhp, Fig. 13 D). Head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening ventromedially (bo, Fig. 14 A) and laterally by suture (sbhp, Fig. 14 A).</p><p>Supra - antennal sensillary field. Wrinkled to completely smooth, with dispersed sensilla inserted in indistinct cavities (sssf, Fig. 15 B). Very slightly delimited by furrow on mesal side, indistinctly recognisable by cuticular surface structure (fssf, Fig. 15 B), with supra-antennal sensillary field and frontal region with different sculpture.</p><p>Antenna. Preserved as well-defined area, with several vestigial sensilla, rounded plates and inconspicuous cavities (a, Fig. 15 B). Edges of antennal area poorly defined, antennal torulus completely reduced. Periantennal area slightly expanded, smooth (paa, Fig. 15 B).</p><p>Labrum. Ventral field distinctly wider than long, transversely elongated, elliptic. Dorsal field very slightly arcuate, flat, not raised, laterally not narrower than medially, 5 × wider than long in midline (vlf, dlf, Fig. 15 A). Sensilla on dorsal field very indistinctly visible.</p><p>Mandible. Mandibles anteromedially directed at an angle of 30 °, enclosed in mandibular capsule. Mandibular bulge distinctly raised, directed anteriorly, blunt, not elongated; sensilla of mandibular bulge poorly visible (mdb, Fig. 15 A). Cuticle of mandible mostly wrinkled, laterally without longitudinal furrows. Mandibular tooth curved backwards, pointed posteriorly, armed with many small spines (mdt, Fig. 15 A).</p><p>Maxilla. Indistinct, slightly bulging, triangular, slightly separated from labial area (mx, Fig. 15 A). Colouration dark to pale, with cuticle wrinkled, reticulated. Apical maxillary region not projecting beyond mandibular apex. Basal part connected with labium, laterally very slightly overlapping with mandible (mxb, Fig. 15 A). Vestige of palp present, located medially on ventral side of maxilla, very indistinct (mxp, Fig. 15 A). Maxillary base (mxb) distinctly produced anterolaterally as submaxillary groove. Space between prothoracic extension and head not extended (sbhp, mxb, Fig. 14 A).</p><p>Labium. Labial area between maxillae quite indistinct, delimited anteriorly by mouth opening and posteriorly by birth opening (lb, Fig. 15 A). Flat, longer than wide. Cuticular surface wrinkled.</p><p>Mouth opening. Very slightly arcuate, medially almost straight, sclerotised along margin (os, Fig. 15 A).</p><p>Thorax. Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders visible ventrally as slightly to distinctly imprinted mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 13 C, 14 A). On dorsal side separated by conspicuous dark mesal furrows, distinctly contrasted with mostly pale thoracic segments (sbpm, sbmm, Figs 13 D, 14 B). Border between metathorax and abdomen indicated by ventral ridge on ventral side or indicated by change in colour and cuticular sculpture. Cuticle of thoracic segments on ventral side predominantly reticulated, or smooth; dark pigmented papillae on mesosternum and metasternum almost absent. Prosternum differentiated, anteriorly light brown with smooth or slightly wrinkled surface, posteriorly dark and reticulated (pst, Fig. 13 C); field of sensilla present. Mesosternum mostly dark, without spots. Metasternum predominantly dark, colour not distinctly lighter medially. All thoracic segments dorsally mostly pale, but darker laterally. Meso- and metathorax transverse, distinctly elongated.</p><p>Abdominal segment I and spiracles. Setae and cuticular spines very rarely present on lateral region of abdominal segment I posterior to spiracle, cuticle mostly wrinkled (Fig. 14 D). Spiracles on posterior ~ 1 / 3 of cephalothorax, very slightly elevated, with lateral or dorsolateral orientation. Cephalothoracic part of abdominal segment I below spiracles dark brown on both sides (asI, Fig. 13 D).</p><p>Host.</p><p>Delta regina (Saussure, 1852) .</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Madagascar.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin substantive regina, meaning queen. The specific epithet reginus refers to the host species name. Adjective.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Salt (1927) reported stylopised Delta regina (as Eumenes maxillosus (Degeer) var. reginus (Saussure)) from the same locality as the holotype (Fig. 17).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A371A04710D51E7B7C7287524AE2B4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
084B8738B0C453E993C642C6314A8800.text	084B8738B0C453E993C642C6314A8800.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deltoxenos rueppelli Kinzelbach 1971	<div><p>Deltoxenos rueppelli Kinzelbach, 1971</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Kenya • 2 ♀ + EMP (OLML), Mwingi env., 7.iv.2007, host: Delta emarginatum (Linnaeus, 1758), M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 8 • ♀ (OLML), E of Taveta, 7.iv.2007, host: D. emarginatum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 9 • ♀ (OLML), SE Voi, 16.v.2007, host: D. emarginatum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 21 • ♀ (OLML), Voi (Tsavo) env., 18.xi.1996, host: Delta fenestrale (Saussure, 1852), Mi. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsFe 1 • 2 EMP (OLML), Voi (Tsavo) env., 2.xii.1996, host: D. fenestrale, Mi. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsFe 2 • ♀ + EMP (OLML), E of Mwingi, 14.05.2007, host: D. fenestrale, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsFe 3 • ♀ (OLML), Taita Hills, Voi river, 14.iv.2007, Delta hottentotum (Saussure, 1852), M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsHo 2 • ♀ (OLML), data the same as voucher, voucher code: PsHo 3 • ♀ (OLML), Voi (Tsavo) env., 18.xi.1996, Delta l. lepeletierii (Saussure, 1852), Mi. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsLp 2 • ♀ (OLML), Taita Hills, Voi river, 14.iv.2007, D. l. lepeletierii, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsLp 3 ; Kongo • ♀ (OLML), Bukama env., 1499 m, 15.viii.1923, Delta lepeletierii formosum (Saussure, 1852), collector not mentioned, voucher code: PsFo 1 ; Malawi • ♀ (KUNHM), Blantyre, 4.iv.1967, host: D. emarginatum, Ch. Michener lgt., voucher code: PsDe 6 • ♀ + 2 MP (OLML), Selima env., 80 km E Lilongwe, 4.i.2002, D. l. lepeletierii, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsLp 1 • ♀ (OLML), Nkhata Bay, Malawi Lake, 1.i.2001, host: Delta tropicale (Saussure, 1852), J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 13 ; Namibia • 2 ♀ (NMPC), Karas prov., Seeheim 10 km W, 717 m, 05.iv.2017, host: Delta caffrum (Linnaeus, 1767), J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 7 • 2 EMP (NMPC), Khorixas 50 km NEE, Kunene prov., 1130 m, 25.iii.2014, D. l. lepeletierii, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 5 ; Republic of South Africa • EMP (OLML), North Cape, 27 km S of Strynenburg, 23.i.2000, host: D. caffrum, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsCa 1 • 1 EMP (OLML), Mpumalanga, 40 km SW Komatipoor, 2.i.2004, host: D. emarginatum, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 19 • ♀ (OLML), 35 km SE Makchado, Limpopo prov., 720 m, 14.xii.2009, D. l. formosum, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsFo 2 ; Tanzania • 2 ♀ + MP (NMPC), Morogoro 50 km SW, 450 m, 12.i.2007, host: D. caffrum, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 2 • ♀ (NMPC), Rukwa, 30 km NNW Mpanda, 1300 m, 31.xii.2006, host: D. emarginatum, M. Kadlecová lgt., voucher code: PsDe 1 • ♀ (NMPC), Gumbiro 30 km N, Ruvuma pr., 980 m, 6.xii.2018, host: Delta sp., J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 22 ; Yemen • 2 ♀ (NMPC), SE Bajil, Jabal Bura’A, 560 m, 22.iii.2017, D. fenestrale, D. Král lgt., voucher code: PsFe 4 ; Zambia • MP (OLML) 150 km S Mwinilunga, 1100 m, 2.xi.2008, D. hottentotum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsHo 1 • ♀ (OLML), 100 km W Solwezi, 1400 m, 10.xi.2005, host: D. hottentotum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsHo 4 • ♀ (OLML), 150 km S Mwinilunga, 1100 m, 2.xi.2008, D. emarginatum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 17 • ♀ (OLML), data the same as voucher PsDe 17, voucher code: PsDe 18 • ♀ (OLML), 150 km S Mwinilunga, 1100 m, 2.xi.2008, host: D. emarginatum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 10 • ♀ (OLML), 150 km S Mwinilunga, 1100 m, 18.x.2008, host: D. emarginatum, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 11 • ♀ (OLML), 100 km W Solwezi, 1400 m, 10.xi.2005, Delta phthisicum (Gerstäcker, 1857), M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 12 • MP (OLML), 150 km S Mwinilunga, 1100 m, 2.xi.2008, Delta pulcherrimum Schulthess, 1910, M. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsPu 1 • EMP (OLML), W of Solwezi, 1300 m, 22.x.2008, host: D. tropicale, Ma. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 14 • 2 ♀ + EMP (OLML), 10 km S Mazambuka, 28.xii.2002, host D. tropicale, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 15 ; Zimbabwe • MP (OLML), Chimanimani NP, 14.xii.1998, host: D. emarginatum, J. Halada lgt., voucher code: PsDe 20 .</p><p>Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</p><p>Size of cephalothorax very variable: length 1.48–2.83 mm, width 1.2–2.43 mm. Clypeal lobe distinctly blunt, truncate (cl, Fig. 16 A).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Delta emarginatum (Linnaeus, 1758), D. fenestrale (Saussure, 1852) (type host) (Kinzelbach 1971 a, Luna de Carvalho 1978); D. caffrum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Benda et al. 2021); D. h. hottentotum (Saussure, 1852), D. lepeletierii formosum (Saussure, 1852), D. l. lepeletierii (Saussure, 1852), D. phthisicum (Gerstäcker, 1857), D. pulcherrimum Schulthess, 1910, D. tropicale (Saussure, 1852) (this study).</p><p>DNA barcode sequences (GenBank).</p><p>MK 431197.1 (voucher code: PsDe 1), MN 914584.1 (voucher code: PsDe 2).</p><p>Phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>One of the species of Deltoxenos with the maximum of derived features, sister to D. indonesiensis + Deltoxenos sp. from Thailand (Benda et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Angola (Luna de Carvalho 1967); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Salt and Bequaert 1929, Luna de Carvalho 1978); Eritrea (type locality) (Kinzelbach 1971 a); Kenya, Namibia, Yemen (Benda et al. 2022 b); Republic of South Africa (Székessy 1959); Senegal (Hofeneder and Fulmek 1942); Tanzania (Benda et al. 2021); Zimbabwe (Salt 1927); Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia (this study).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Benda et al. (2021) incorrectly lists distribution in Ethiopia although the type locality (Massawa) is located in Eritrea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/084B8738B0C453E993C642C6314A8800	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benda, Daniel;Pohl, Hans;Beutel, Rolf;Straka, Jakub	Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf, Straka, Jakub (2025): Four new species underline the hidden diversity and long-range dispersal in Deltoxenos Benda, Pohl, Nakase, Beutel & Straka (Strepsiptera, Xenidae). ZooKeys 1254: 75-106, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.160903
