identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
154D7F18FFD1FFC9FC08FC6FFAB7503B.text	154D7F18FFD1FFC9FC08FC6FFAB7503B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belalora Powell 1951	<div><p>Genus  Belalora Powell, 1951</p><p>Belalora Powell, 1951: 171 .</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. —  Belalora thielei Powell, 1951, by original designation.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Shell small (up to 10 mm), biconic; protoconch globose, paucispiral, of c. three whorls, a smooth tip, a whorl with spiral threads and a whorl of spirals crossing axial fine riblets. Spire long, half of total shell length. Teleoconch of convex whorls with concave subsutural ramp. Axial ornamentation of slightly oblique, rounded, ribs; spiral cords over entire surface. Aperture ovate-pyriform, narrow. Siphonal canal short and wide. Anal sinus deep on subsutural ramp. Fasciole bulging. Operculum oval with terminal nucleus. Radula of marginal semi-rolled teeth, with ligament present.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. — Magellanic Region, 3.7-219 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/154D7F18FFD1FFC9FC08FC6FFAB7503B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sánchez, Noelia C.;Aldea, Cristian;Pastorino, Guido	Sánchez, Noelia C., Aldea, Cristian, Pastorino, Guido (2025): The conoidean genus Belalora Powell, 1951 (Gastropoda, Mangeliidae) under the magnifying glass: an exclusive inhabitant of Magellanic waters. Zoosystema 47 (8): 125-132, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a8, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a8.pdf
154D7F18FFD1FFC2FC5DFA48FD805145.text	154D7F18FFD1FFC2FC5DFA48FD805145.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belalora cunninghami (E. A. Smith 1881)	<div><p>Belalora cunninghami (E. A. Smith, 1881)</p><p>(Figs 1; 2; 3)</p><p>Pleurotoma (Bela) cunninghami E. A. Smith, 1881: 27, pl. 4, fig. 1. — Powell 1960: 161. — Tucker 2004: 269.</p><p>Bela cunninghami – Tryon 1884: fig. 18; pl. 34, fig. 75.</p><p>Bela cuninghami [sic] – Paetel 1888: 74.</p><p>Turris cunimghami [sic] – Carcelles &amp; Williamson 1951: 305.</p><p>Belalora cunninghami – Castellanos &amp; Landoni 1993: 19, pl. 1, fig. 8. — Linse 1999: 401. — Aldea et al. 2020: 10.</p><p>Turris cunninghami – Ramírez Böhme 1997: 144.</p><p>Oenopota cunninghami – Figueira &amp; Absalão 2010: 475.</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Syntypes. Chile • 4 specimens;  Puerto Bueno; 3.7-55 m depth; St. 2, HMS Alert; NHMUK 1879.10.15.2- 5 (Fig. 1 A-H)  .</p><p>OTHER MATERIAL. — Chile • 1 complete specimen; Sta. IN. 31- 25,  Cordes Bay, Strait of Magellan, Marine Coastal Protected Area (MCPA) Francisco Coloane; IV.2007; 10 m depth; MACN-In44475  •   3 complete specimens; E4-R2,  Chonchi, Chiloé; VII.2001; 15 m depth; MACN-In44476  .</p><p>Argentina • 2 complete specimens;  off Mar del Plata, 100 m depth, 25.VIII.2000; MACN-In44477  •   3 empty shells;  Malvinas/Falklands Is.; MLP-Ma16311  •   1 empty shell;  Bridges Island, Tierra del Fuego; CFA-IN-1136  .</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Puerto Bueno, Chile, 2-30 fathoms (3.7-55 m) deep, St. 2, HMS Alert.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. — Magellanic Region, from Chonchi, Chiloé Is., Chile in the Pacific Ocean, ranging between depths of 3.7 to 55 m, to off Mar del Plata, Argentina in the Atlantic Ocean, at a depth of 100 m. This distribution pattern is usual for Magellanic fauna, where species inhabiting shelf waters in the south reach the north following the cold Malvinas Current despite the apparently absence of free larvae (Carcelles 1944; Pastorino &amp; Griffin 2019; Chiesa et al. 2024 and literature cited therein).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Shell</p><p>Small (Figs 1 A-T; 2A, B), up to 10 mm, yellow, whitish or, opaque chalky; spire long; protoconch (Fig. 2 D-F) globose, paucispiral, of c. 3 whorls (0.72 × 0.9 mm high and width respectively), first whorl half smooth and then spiral threads, second with spiral threads crossing by axial fine riblets; protoconch-teleoconch boundary somewhat defined; teleoconch of 5½ whorls slightly convex; suture deep; subsutural ramp concave; entire surface covered by pustules (Fig. 2C); axial ornamentation of thick, rounded, prominent ribs, regularly spaced extending throughout sutures, 5-8 on 1st, 8-12 on 2nd, 10-13 on 3rd, 12-13 on 4th increasing up to 15 on last whorl; spiral ornamentation of regularly spaced cords along all surface including subsutural ramp, but not fasciola, 10 on 1st, 13 on 2nd, 15 on 3rd, 20 on 4th increasing to 31 on last whorl. Columella straight, with thick callus. Siphonal canal short and wide. Aperture oval. Anal sinus deep on subsutural ramp. Radula (Fig. 3A)</p><p>Of approximately 45 rows of marginal semi-rolled teeth. Tooth (Fig. 3B, C) short, c. 52 Μm long. Ligament present. Subradular membrane absent.</p><p>Penis (Fig. 3D, E) Long (1.4 mm for a shell height of 7.9 mm), flat.</p><p>Operculum Oval with terminal nucleus (Fig. 3F).</p><p>Eyes</p><p>At the base of short cephalic tentacles (0.62 mm for a shell height of 7.9 mm).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>Tryon (1884: 222, pl. 33 in error, pl. 32, fig. 18) considered  Fusus sublutus Gould, 1849 with unknown locality in the genus  Bela and commented that  B. cunninghami is possibly a synonym (Tryon 1884: 222, pl. 34, fig. 75). In the same paragraph, he also indicated that this shell exhibits “the peculiar appearance of the Magellanic molluscan fauna”, including  F.sublutus in this region without any clear proof. The holotype of  F. sublutus housed at USNM 5684 and illustrated here (Fig. 4) show more similarities with a buccinoidean than a conoidean. We agree with WoRMS (2024) and considered it taxon inquirendum.</p><p>Grant &amp; Gale (1931: 531) in a general catalogue of Quaternary marine molluscs from California (USA) synonymized  Pleurotoma cunninghami and  Lora equatorialis (Dall, 1919) with  Lora subluta (Gould, 1849), with no reason. There are two lots of  Lora equatorialis Dall, 1919 in the USNM collection: USNM 97092 (illustrated here in Fig.5 A-C) from Reina Adelaida archipelago in the Strait of Magellan and USNM 97070 (some of them illustrated here in Figure 5 D-I) from Manta, Ecuador, not included in Dall’s original description. As far as can be seen, both lots undoubtedly belong to two different species. McLean (1971a: 712, fig. 1667) illustrated the Magellanic syntype and assigned the species to the genus  Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889 with doubts. In a different work, he illustrated the radula of one specimen (McLean 1971b: 120, fig. 38) from USNM 97070 (from Manta, Ecuador) and, this time, truly assigned it to  Leucosyrinx . This radula dissected by McLean and the shells of the USNM 97070 identified by him as  Leucosyrinx equatorialis are very different from the material here included in  Belalora . In addition, Dall’s syntype (USNM 97092, Fig. 5 A-C) of  Lora equatorialis is not a conoidean but a Buccinoidean of the genus  Pareuthria Strebel, 1905 (probably  P. atrata (E. A. Smith, 1881)) .</p><p>Barnard (1963: 606) pointed out some similarities between  Drillia spiralis Barnard, 1958 from Cape St. Blaize, South Africa, and  Belalora thielei, however, he decided to maintain  D. spiralis as a valid name. After observing a photograph of the holotype of  D. spiralis (herein Fig. 4 G-I), we concluded that this is a different species with no relation with  Belalora .</p><p>Castellanos &amp; Landoni (1993) mentioned that  B. thielei would be a synonym of  B. cunninghami . Both species have a similar shell with sympatric distribution. However, as far as it can be seen in the holotype, the only specimen available for comparison, the main difference appears to be the wider shell and lower spire of  B. thielei .</p><p>Forcelli (2000: 111, fig. 331) and Forcelli &amp; Narosky (2015: 204, pl. 6, fig. 2) referred to  Oenopota cunninghami and  B. thielei as synonyms, although the specimen they illustrate does not correspond to either species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/154D7F18FFD1FFC2FC5DFA48FD805145	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sánchez, Noelia C.;Aldea, Cristian;Pastorino, Guido	Sánchez, Noelia C., Aldea, Cristian, Pastorino, Guido (2025): The conoidean genus Belalora Powell, 1951 (Gastropoda, Mangeliidae) under the magnifying glass: an exclusive inhabitant of Magellanic waters. Zoosystema 47 (8): 125-132, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a8, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a8.pdf
