taxonID	type	description	language	source
12048791FFFCAA535E9AFDC0F9ADFB15.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cimex perditor Fabricius, 1794 (by subsequent designation, Kirkaldy, 1909: XXX).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFCAA535E9AFDC0F9ADFB15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third (second visible) abdominal sternite lacking medial spine or tubercle. Each ostiolar ruga sulcate proximally, reaching at least ¾ distance from mesial margin of ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron. Each buccula evanescent or arcuately truncate at posterior termination. Juga and tylus usually subequal in length; rostrum reaching at least to metacoxae. Femora unarmed; superior surface of each tibia usually sulcate. Width ofscutellum at distal end offrena ¾ or less basal scutellar width. Each paramere narrowly rounded to acute apically, lacking denticles, usually lacking lateral lobe, rarely with spinose lateral lobe.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFCAA535E9AFDC0F9ADFB15.taxon	discussion	Comments. The genus Thyanta is closely related to Cyptocephala Berg and Tepa Rolston and McDonald, from which it can be reliably separated only by differences in the male genitalia. Species of Cyptocephala and Tepa have the head of each paramere bearing a well-developed, apically rounded lateral lobe. Only two South American species of Thyanta have a similar lateral lobe, but in both species the apex of the lateral lobe is angulate or spinose. Cyptocephala further differs from Tepa and Thyanta in having a row of minute denticles between the lateral lobe and the apex of the paramere. Jensen-Haarup (1928) described the subgenus Parathyanta within Thyanta. Rolston and McDonald (1984) placed Parathyanta as a junior synonym of Cyptocephala. At the same time they transferred four species from Thyanta to Cyptocephala and six species from Thyanta to Tepa. The species of both Cyptocephala and Tepa have been reviewed recently (Rolston 1972, 1986; Rider 1986 b). The genus Thyanta is divided into three subgenera: Argosoma new subgenus, Phacidium Breddin, and Thyanta. Sixteen of the 20 species of Argosoma occur in South America. The eight species of Phacidium are all restricted to South America. The nominate subgenus contains nine species, only three of which are known to occur in South America.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF8AA505ED3FA69F9AEFD41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Punctures minute, dense. Posterior termination ofbucculae evanescent. Anterolateral pronotal margins straight to concave, sometimes marked with piceous; each humeral angle rounded to angulate, often spinose; pronotal cicatrices sometimes marked with piceous in mesial angles. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Superior surface of each tibia sulcate.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF8AA505ED3FA69F9AEFD41.taxon	description	Posterior margins of basal plates sinuous, posteromesial angles entire (Fig. 13). Distal end of sclerotized rod cone-shaped (Fig. 14); spermathecal bulb digitiform; cylindrical structure present below proximal flange (Fig. 15). Pygophoral opening small, subtended on posteroventral surface by a rectangular or semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore straight to concave in caudal view, with medially incised protuberance in middle (Fig. 9). Each paramere F-shaped, obtuse protuberance on shaft usually prominent, apex spinose, ectal surface convex (Fig. 3), roughened spiculate area on lateral surface linear (Fig. 4). Each lateral conjunctival lobe of aedeagus with single spinose diverticulum (Fig. 6); dorsomedial conjunctiva} lobe usually well-developed (Fig. 7); theca large, subtriangular in lateral view, with dorsolateral protuberance on each side near caudal limit (Fig. 8); medial penial lobes and penisfilum moderate in size.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF8AA505ED3FA69F9AEFD41.taxon	discussion	Comments. Species of the subgenus Thyanta have the pygophoral opening subtended by a semicircular or rectangular impression, and the posterior margin is distinctly emarginate medially. Species of Phacidium have the posteroventral surface of the pygophore arcuately rounded or sulcate, and the posterior margin not emarginate medially. The posteroventral surface of the pygophore in species of Argosoma is produced into a blunt chin-like protuberance. Also, species of Argosoma have the ectal surface of each paramere concave, while it is convex in both Phacidium and Thyanta. The female genitalia are also useful in separating species of Thyanta and Phacidium. In Thyanta the distal end of the sclerotized rod is cone-shaped, and the spermathecal bulb is digitiform. In Phacidium the distal end of the sclerotized rod is swollen subapically and narrowed distally, and the spermathecal bulb is globose. The female genitalia of both Phacidium and Argosoma are very similar, but females can usually be separated by the relative density of the dorsal punctation. The dorsal punctation is relatively dense in Phacidium, while it is less dense and more coarse in Argosoma.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	description	Figs. 1 - 15, Map 1	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Transhumeral rubiginous band usually present; often tylus and vertex of head reddish.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	description	Outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 2). Each humeral angle spinose, spine directed anterolaterad and protruding beyond adjacent corium by more than half width of eye; anterolateral pronotal margins not piceous, concave in dorsal view (Fig. l). Mesial comer of each pronotal cicatrice black. Each abdominal stemite with postspiracular black spot on each side. Both anterolateral and posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites usually piceous. Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex, separated basally; posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 13). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, in ventral and dorsal views convex medially with small medial V-shaped emargination (Figs. 10, 11); posterior margin concave in lateral view (Fig. 12).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Fabricius (1794) described Cimex perditor from 2 n and 255 without designating a holotype or paratypes. The a specimen labeled (a) " C: perditor " (b) " Thyanta perditor F. " is designated lectotype. The remaining a and 222 are designated paralectotypes. They have the following label data: (a) " Thyanta perditor F. " (a); (a) [green paper; no writing] (b) " Thyanta perditor F. " (2); and (a) [green paper; no writing] (b) " 2 " (c) " Type " (d) " Thyanta perditor F. " (2). All four specimens, which are housed in the Universetetes Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark), were examined.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	discussion	Pentatomafascifera Palisot de Beauvais, P. collaris Westwood, Cimex transversalis Herrich-Schaffer, and C. dimidiatus Herrich-Schaffer were all placed as junior synonyms of T. perditor by Dallas (1851). The type specimens of Herrich-Schaffer are apparently no longer in existence, but the descriptions, including the figure of C. dimidiatus, agree reasonably well with T. perditor. The type specimens for P. fascifera and P. collaris were not examined. Pentatoma fascifera was described from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Palisot de Beauvais, 1817). Although its description is rather short, it does not differ in any significant way from T. perditor. Also, T. perditoris the only species ofThyanta in the Dominican Republic that has distinctly spinose humeral angles. Westwood (1837) described P. collaris from the island of St. Vincent in the West Indies. Its description fits T. perditor in all respects, and T. perditor is the only species of Thyanta with distinctly spinose humeral angles that occurs on St. Vincent. Walker (186 7) described Euschistusfasciatus and E. adjunctor. Both ofthese species were placed as junior synonyms of T. perditor by Stal (1872). In neither case did Walker designate a holotype or paratypes, and it is difficult to ascertain how many specimens he examined. Euschistus fasciatus was described from at least two specimens, but only one syntype was located. It is here designated lectotype and has the following label data: (a) " Type " (b) " 58.135 Mex. (Oajaca) " (c) " 12. EUSCHISTUS FASCIATUS. " [dorsal surface], " West Indies " [ventral surface]. Only one syntype of E. adjunctor was located. This specimen, labeled (a) " Type " (b) " Belize " [dorsal surface], " 51 117 " [ventral surface] (c) " 39. EUSCHISTUS ADJUNCTOR. " [dorsal surface], " O varius aut ochraceus, dense p " [ventral surface], is designated lectotype. Both lectotypes were examined and are typical specimens of T. perditor; both are conserved at the British Museum of Natural History (London, England). At one time Euschistus rubiginosus Dallas was considered a synonym of T. perditor. Rider (1986 a), however, examined the holotype and determined that it was a species of Euschistus and a senior synonym of E. incus Rolston.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thyanta perditor is the most widely distributed species in the genus, occurring from the southern United States to northern Argentina (Map 1).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 167 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CELM, CU, DAR, DBT, EGER, FSCA, IIAS, LHR, QCAZ, SMEK, UCB, UNAM, UNCM, USNM. COLOMBIA: La Ceja, S. H. Antioquia: Bello; Medellin Valley; Sopetran; Union. Cundinamarca: Silvania, 60 km SW Bogota. Magdalena: San Jeronimo; Santa Marta. Tolima: 9 km NW Espinal. Valle def Cauca: Bitaco Valley, 1 km above Bitaco; Buga; Palmira; Pance, 11 km S Cali; 1 km W Yumbo. VENEZUELA: El Valle. Lara: Sarare. Monagas: 4 km S El Rosario. SURINAM: Paramaribo: Paramaribo. FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne: Macouria. ECUADOR: Bucay; Coto Callao; Juive; Oriente Rio Negro; Pallatanga. Cotopaxi: Pifo. Imbabura: Chachimbiro; Ibarra. Morona-Santiago: Macas, Rio Upano. Napo: Baeza. Pichincha: Cugobambilla; Diluriguin; H. la Esperie; Palmeras; Pomasqui; Puembo; Pululahua; Quito; San Rafael; Tandapi; Valle de los. Tungurahua: Ambato Mulalillo. PERU: Valle Chanchamayo. Amazonas: Bagua Chica. Ayacucho: Huanta; Rio Pampas. Cuzco: Macchupichu. Huanuco: 30 mi NE Huanuco; Pozuzo; Tingo Maria. Junin: Estancia Naranjal San Ramon. Lima: Barranca; Lima. BOLIVIA: Prov. Sara; Tropical. Chuquisaca: Monteagudo. Cochabamba: Prov. Chapare, Alto Palmar; Prov. Chapare, Chapare; Prov. Chapare, Christal-Mayu. La Paz: Coroico; Yungas de La Paz. Santa Cruz: Prov. Ichilo, Buena Vista. BRAZIL: Warta PR. Ceara: Barbalha. Mato Grosso: 35 mi W Araguaia; Independencia. Minas Gerais: Vi 9 osa. Para: Almeirim, Sao Raimundo. Paraiia: 20 mi S Pato Branco. Siio Paulo: Barretos; 10 mi S Guapara. ARGENTINA: Jujuy. Misiones. Salta: Campo Santos de Salta.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFFBAA5F5E53FC9BFD09F9C8.taxon	discussion	Comments. Only three species of the nominate subgenus occur in South America, T. perditor, T. rubicunda, and T. setigera. Thyanta setigera occurs only on the Galapagos Islands and can usually be recognized by the relatively short humeral spines that protrude beyond the base of the adjacent corium by less than the width of an eye. Thyanta rubicunda can be identified by the strong denticulations along the anterolateral pronotal margins, and usually by the absence of black markings on the anterolateral angle of each abdominal segment. In contrast, T. perditor has relatively longer humeral spines that protrude beyond the base of the adjacent corium by more than the width of an eye, has the pronotal denticulations reduced and restricted to the half nearest the head, and usually has the anterolateral angle of each abdominal segment marked with black.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	description	Figs. 16 - 31	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ovate. Dorsal surface green or brown, usually with at least partial transhumeral rubiginous band.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	description	Apex ofhead broadly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 17). Anterolateral margins of pronotum concave in dorsal view, immaculate, with at most a few weak denticles near head; each humeral angle acute, weakly spinose, oriented laterad, spine protruding beyond base of adjacent corium by less than half width of eye (Fig. 16). Mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice piceous. Postspiracular black spot present on both sides of each abdominal stemite; posterolateral angles and usually anterolateral angles of each abdominal stemite marked with black. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight, separated basally; posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 29). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin in caudal view distinctly convex with medial V-shaped emargination (Fig. 25), concave in lateral view (Fig. 28).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Ruckes (1957 c) described T. setigera from 24 M and 2 n 2 specimens, all from the Galapagos Islands. The holotype and 27 paratypes were examined. The holotype is housctd in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 39 specimens collected between 25 February and 17 June, and on 26 November; deposited in AMNH, CAS, CU, DAR, LACM, SMEK, UCB, USNM. ECUADOR: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Fernandina Island: nr. Espanola Island. Gardner Island: nr. Espanola Island. Isabela Island: Banks Bay; Tagus Cove. N. Seymour Island. Rabida Island. San Cristobal Island. Santa Cruz Island: I. 5 mi N Academy Bay; Bellavista; Conway Bay; Sullivan Bay. Santiago Island.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF4AA5C5E25F825FA31F8F7.taxon	discussion	Comments. The only other species of Thyanta that occurs on the Galapagos Islands is T. similis. Thyanta setigera is easily separated from T. similis by the spinose humeral angles. The humeral angles are rounded in T. similis. The relatively short humeral spines of T. setigera, protruding beyond the base of the adjacent corium by less than the width of an eye, readily distinguish this species from T. perditor. The only other related species occurring in South America is T. rubicunda which has strong denticulations along the anterolateral pronotal margins and usually lacks any black markings on the anterolateral angles of the abdominal segments. In contrast, Thyanta setigera has reduced pronotal denticulation and usually the anterolateral angle of each abdominal segment is marked with black.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF7AA595DB2F920FD1FFCC1.taxon	description	Figs. 32 - 47, Map I Description. Elongate ovate, dorsal surface pale to medium green or brown, often with pinkish-red markings between humeri, on apex of scutellum, and along lateral margins of pronotum, coria, and connexiva; punctures usually concolorous with surface. Apex of head broadly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel, only slightly concave in front of eyes (Fig. 33). Antennae pale brown to green, distal fourth of segment 3 dark brown, segments 4 - 5 entirely dark brown. Anterolateral pronotal margins in dorsal view concave, strongly denticulate for 2 / J distance nearest head; humeral angles spinose, oriented anterolaterad, spines relatively short (Fig. 32). Mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice piceous. Coria densely and uniformly punctate; distal margins convex; costal angles angulate, reaching to middle of penultimate connexival segments (Fig. 32); hemelytral membranes hyaline with a few scattered brown flecks. Connexiva narrowly exposed; posterolateral angle of each segment usually immaculate, sometimes minutely marked with black. Ventral surface pale brown to green; punctures usually concolorous with surface. Rostrum pale brown to green, segment 4 mostly black, apex reaching between metacoxae. Femora and tibiae pale brown to green, tarsal segments and apex of each tibia darker. Postspiracular black spots lacking (except in brown form); posterolateral angles of each abdominal sternite at most minutely marked with black; anterolateral angles usually immaculate. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view weakly concave, separated basally, almost contiguous apically; posterior margins sinuous, posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. 45). Distal end of sclerotized rod cone-shaped (Fig. 46); spermathecal bulb digitiform, spermathecal duct forming distinct cylindrical structure below proximal flange (Fig. 47). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin nearly straight with medial V-shaped emargination in caudal view (Fig. 41); trisinuous in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 42, 43); posterolateral angles prominent in lateral view (Fig. 44). Apex of each paramere spinose in ectal view (Fig. 36); shaft rather robust at base with small tubercle (Fig. 34); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface linear (Fig. 35). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with single diverticulum (Fig. 37); dorsomedial lobe present (Fig. 38). Measurements. Total length 8.28 - 10. 72 (9.54); total width 5.83 - 7.02 (6.62); medial length ofpronotum 1.62 - 2.13 (l. 95). Medial length ofscutellum 3.48 - 4.53 (3.86); basal width 3.20 - 3.75 (3.42); width at distal end of frena 1.07 - 1.47 (1.40). Length ofhead l. 72 - 1.90 (l. 72); width 2.23 - 2.54 (2.30). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.40 -- 0.44 (0.44), 0.92 -- 0.98 (0.92), 0.92 - 1.03 (0.92), 1.03 - 1.10 (1.03), and 1.07 - 1.14 (1.14), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.32 - 1.47 (1.34), 0.74 -- 0.88 (0.77), and 0.74 -- 0.77 (0.74), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF7AA595DB2F920FD1FFCC1.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 6 labeled (a) " Pocos, Antofagaste Prov. E. of Atacama Salt Lk., Chile March 1955, Luis E. Pena, Collector " (b) " Thyantajuvenca Stal, Lutz ' 57. " Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (New York). Paratypes. 566, 1322. Labeled same as holotype except (b) " J C Lutz Collection 1961 " (<;> USNM); (a) " Rayado Aconc. 18 - VIII- 1960 " (b) " L. Campos colector " (6 IIAS); (a) " CHILE: San Pedro de Atacama, N. of Atacama Salt Lake, Antofagaster Prov. V- 1 - 6 - 1964 " (b) " LE. Pena Collector " (2 <;> <;> AMNH); (a) " Estancia Castilla Vallenar " (b) " 8 - Mayo 1969. - " (c) "}. Aranda Colector " (6 DAR; <;> IIAS); " Chile. Vallenar 3. VIl. 86 En alfalfa Col. SAG " (6 IIAS); " CHILE Pudahuel Vegetaci 6 n 25. V. 85 Col. R. Hevia " (6 IIAS); (a) " Chaca (Chile?) 11 - 5 - 55 L. E. Pena " (b) " Thyanta juvenca Stal, Det. J. C. Lutz " (Q AMNH); (a) " Chile Mamina IX. 17.51 " (b) " THOMAS F. HALSTEAD COLLECTION, California Academy of Sciences Accession " (2 CAS); (a) " Rio Lluta, Arica Dept. Tarapaca Prov., Chile Nov. 11 - 13, 1955; 500 Mt. Luis E. Pena, Collector " (b) " J C Lutz Collection 1961 " (c) " Thyanta juvenca Stal " (2 USNM); (a) " LOMAS de PENUELAS LA SERENA - 11 - 1953 " (b) " Thyanta chilensis H. S. Det. D. B. Thomas 1978 " (2 MNHS); " LOMAS de PENUELAS. LA SERENA - 11 - 1953 " (2 MNHS); (a) " Los Andes, Chile " (b) " 17 - V- 79 Coll. G. Gordh " (2 UCR); (a) " Peiiueles 8 - 3 - 53 " (b) " Thyanta chilensis H. S. Det. D. B. Thomas 1978 " (2 DBT); (a) " Arequipa Peru 10,28, ' 98 " (b) " Herbert Osborn Collection " (<3 222 OSU), except 12 with (c) " may be patruelis St. " and 12 with (c) " Arequipa Oct. 30,98. " (OSU).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF7AA595DB2F920FD1FFCC1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru and Chile (Map l).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF7AA595DB2F920FD1FFCC1.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species can be identified by the reduced amount ofblack markings on the abdominal venter, by the shape and orientation of each humeral spine, by the denticulation along the anterolateral pronotal margins, and usually by the pinkish coloration along the lateral margins of the body. The shape of the paramere is also unique within the nominate subgenus. The obtuse protuberance on the shaft of the paramere is reduced and nearer the base of the shaft.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF7AA595DB2F920FD1FFCC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In Latin, rubicunda means pink-bordered, a character that many specimens of this species exhibit.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA595E16FD1CFEE5F873.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Punctation small, relatively dense, dorsal surface appearing matte. Distal end of sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed and sometimes elongate distally (Fig. 76); spermathecal bulb globose, usually with relatively large amount of coiling below proximal flange, sometimes forming cylindrical structure (Fig. 62). Posteroventral surface of pygophore arcuately rounded or with deep, broad sulcus; posterior margin entire, sinuous (Fig. 51), or sometimes broadly V-shaped (Fig. 69). Each paramere apically acute, ectal surface convex (Fig. 58), lacking dorsomedial concave surface.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA595E16FD1CFEE5F873.taxon	discussion	Comments. The male genitalia are useful in separating species of Phacidium from species of the other two subgenera (see comments under subgenus Thyanta). The female genitalia are also useful in separating species of Phacidium and Thyanta. Females of Argosoma can be recognized by their relatively sparse and coarse dorsal punctation.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	description	Figs. 48 - 63, Map 1	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ovate, distinctly convex; dorsal punctation minute, dense.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	description	Head declivitous; juga distinctly longer than tylus, outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 49). Segment 2 of each antenna at least 1. 5 times as long as segment 3. Posterior termination ofeach buccula arcuately truncate. Anterolateral margins of pronotum weakly carinate, straight to slightly concave; each humeral angle rounded, at most protruding slightly beyond base of adjacent corium (Fig. 48); pronotal cicatrices immaculate, often slightly paler than surrounding surface. Hemelytral membranes hyaline, lacking brown flecks. Connexiva and abdominal venter lacking all black markings. Superior surface of each tibia asulcate. Mesial and posterior margins ofbasal plates straight to slightly convex, posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 63). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 61); spermathecal bulb globose; spermathecal duct forming cylindrical structure below proximal flange (Fig. 62). Posteroventral surface of pygophore arcuately rounded; posterior margin of pygophore sinuously U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 51); slightly convex in lateral view (Fig. 54); posterolateral angles prominent in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 52, 53). Apex of each paramere spinose, curving gently mediad from ectal view (Fig. 60); ectal surface convex, lacking dorsomedial concave surface (Fig. 58); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface elongate, linear (Fig. 59). Aedeagus with each lateral conjunctival lobe somewhat reduced, apices of median penial lobes visible from lateral view (Fig. 57); penisfilum well-developed (Fig. 55); theca lacking dorsolateral protuberance near caudal limit (Fig. 56).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Berg (1878) described T. aeruginosa from at least lc 3 and 3 ' i? ' i? from Buenos Aires and Mendoza, Argentina, without designating a holotype or paratypes. The ' i? labeled (a) " Typus " (b) " Buenos Aires " (c) " 1398 " is designated lectotype. The remaining three specimens are designated paralectotypes. They have the following label data: (a) " Typus " (b) " Mendoza " (c) " 1398 " (2 ' i? ' i?); and (a) " Typus " (b) " Buenos Aires " (c) " Thyanta aeruginosa Berg " (d) " 1398 " (c 3? - abdomen missing). The lectotype and all three paralectotypes were examined, and are conserved in the Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	discussion	Breddin (1912) described Phacidium euchlorum from l ' i? and 2 c 3 c 3; without designating a holotype or paratypes. Rolston and McDonald (1984) synonymized this species with T. aeruginosa and designated a lectotype and paralectotypes. The type specimens, which are housed in the Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France, were examined.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern South America (Map 1).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 260 specimens collected between 24 September and 25 June; deposited in AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CU, DAR, LHR, MBR, MLP, SMEK, UNL, USNM, ZMB. PARAGUAY: Gran Chaco, 260 km W Paraguay R. ARGENTINA: Ibarra Grasso. Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires; Lujan; Punta Lara; Quesada; Santa de la Ventana; Tigre. Catamarca. Chaco: Resistencia. Chubut: Trelew. Cordoba: Ao. Tegua; Cordoba. Corrientes: Concepcion. Formosa: Gran Guardia. Jujuy: Jujuy. La Rioja: Guandacol; 20 km N La Rioja; Los Robles. Mendoza: Mendoza; 100 km N Mendoza; Potrerillos; San Martin; San Rafael; 40 km N San Rafael. Neuqueun: Barrancas. Rfo Negro: General Fernandez Oro. San Juan: San Juan; 51 mi N San Juan. San Luis: Buena-Vista R. Batavia. Santa Fe: Carcaraiia; Ceres; Montevideo; Santa Fe; Santa Fe River Salt Flats; Villa Ana. Santiago def Estero: Chaco de Santiago; Rio Salado. Tucuman: San Miguel de Tucuman. URUGUAY: Colonia: La Estanzuela. Montevideo: Montevideo. San Jose: Santa Luzia.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFF2AA475E53F98EFA97F945.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyanta aeruginosa can be separated from all other congeners by the asulcate tibiae, the juga which are distinctly longer than the tylus, and the second antennal segment which is distinctly longer than the third segment.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFECAA455DB1F890FA35F674.taxon	description	Figs. 64 - 78, Map l Description. General form ovate, distinctly convex. Dorsal surface stramineous to pale brown, punctures dark brown to dark green, a few interstitial pale points scattered on each corium. Dorsal surface of head transversely convex; juga and tylus subequal in length or tylus slightly longer than juga. Outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 65). Antennae pale brown to green, segments 3 - 5 usually faintly darker on distal half of each segment. Anterolateral pronotal margins weakly convex in dorsal view (Fig. 64), concolorous with rest ofpronotum. Humeral angles narrowly rounded, protruding slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 64). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Apex of each corium narrowly rounded, usually reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segment; posterior margin of corium convex; hemelytral membranes hyaline with several faint brown flecks. Connexiva pale brown, posterolateral angle of each segment usually black. Ventral surface pale brown to green; abdominal punctures concolorous with surface; punctures on thoracic pleura usually dark brown. Posterior termination of each buccula roundly truncate. Rostrum reaching to posterior margin of third (second visible) abdominal segment. Ostiolar canal acuminate distally. Legs pale brown to green. Postspiracular black spot usually present on each side of each abdominal sternite. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view convex; posterior margins sinuous, slightly concave, posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 78). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. 76); spermathecal duct swollen and with much coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 77). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view U-shaped, medial portion concave (Fig. 69); posterolateral angles prominent in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 70, 71); posteroventral surface arcuately rounded, not produced caudad in lateral view (Figs. 72). Apex of each paramere narrowly rounded in ectal view (Fig. 68), curving distinctly dorsad in medial view (Fig. 66); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 67). Each lateral conjuctival lobe of aedeagus with single rounded diverticulum (Fig. 73); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe distinct (Fig. 74); median penial lobes and penisfilum moderately prominent (Fig. 73). Measurements. Total length 6.31 - 7.18 (6.31); total width 4.10 - 4.73 (4.42); medial length ofpronotum 1.51 - 1.73 (1.51). Medial length ofscutellum 2.80 - 3.13 (2.83); basal width 2.65 - 2.98 (2.87); width at distal end of frena 1.03 - 1.25 (1.07). Length ofhead 1.64 - 1.81 (l. 64); width 2.03 - 2.19 (2.06). Length of segments 1 - 5 of antennae 0.37 - 0.40 (0.37), 0. 70 - 0.81 (0.81), 0. 72 - 0.83 (0. 74), 0.98 - 0.99 (0.98), and 0.99 - 1.03 (1.03), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.21 - 1.42 (1.21), 0.66 - 0.74 (0.68), and 0.81 - 0.83 (0.83), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFECAA455DB1F890FA35F674.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. cS labeled (a) " Peru S. A. III. 19 1937 E. G. Smyth " (b) " J. R. de la TorreBueno Collection K. U. " Deposited in the Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas (Lawrence). Paratypes. lcS, 722. Labeled same as holotype (222 SMEK); labeled as holotype except " III. 16 1937 " (2 SMEK); labeled as holotype except " 1.26 1936 " (2 SMEK); (a) " Lima (Peru) VI. 1939 leg. Weyrauch " (b) " WK W 5776 " (cS USNM); " Peru. Dpto. Amazonas 43 K. ne. Chikiaco 1050 ' 6 - 10 XI 1978 L. J. Barkley " (2 LHR); (a) " PERU: 8 km. NE. Pucusana, Lima. IX- 12 - 54 " (b) " E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross collectors " (2 CAS); (a) " PERU Chancay river valley III- 15 - 51 " (b) " Ross and Michelbacher Collectors " (2 CAS); (a) " ECUADOR Guayaquil " (b) " 12 - 1 - 53 at light " (2 USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFECAA455DB1F890FA35F674.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador and Peru (Map l).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFECAA455DB1F890FA35F674.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyanta convexa and T. aeruginosa are very similar in general appearance and are the only two species in the genus that have the posterior termination ofeach buccula roundly truncate; in all other species it is evanescent. Thyanta convexa differs from T. aeruginosa in having the superior surface of each tibia sulcate and the juga and tylus subequal in length. Thyanta convexa further differs from all other congeners by the slightly convex anterolateral pronotal margins and the male genitalia.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFECAA455DB1F890FA35F674.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the convex anterolateral margins of the pronotum.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFEEAA435DB2F788FA03F6D9.taxon	description	Figs. 79 - 93, Map 4 Description. Dorsal surface brown to medium green; usually anterior disc of pronotum paler than posterior disc. Head evenly rounded apically; outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 80). Antennae green to brown, distal third of segment 3 reddish-brown, segments 4 - 5 entirely reddish brown. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view concave; each humeral angle narrowly rounded to angulate, protruding beyond base of adjacent corium (Fig. 79). Each pronotal cicatrice marked with piceous in mesial angle. Usually an elevated, pale, subcalloused line present between humeral angles. Hemelytra uniformly punctate, lateral margin at base pale, subcalloused; posterior margins convex (Fig. 79); costal angle rounded, usually reaching to near middle of penultimate connexival segment; hemelytral membranes hyaline with few to many pale brown flecks. Connexiva narrowly exposed, brown to green; posterolateral angle of each segment piceous. Ventral surface pale to medium brown, rarely with small dark-brown spots scattered on abdomen. Rostrum pale brown, most of segment 4 black, apex reaching between metacoxae or slightly beyond. Ostiolar canal acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae pale brown to green with fuscous spot on superior surface of each femur at distal third, rarely with scattered small brown spots; tarsal segments reddish or dark brown. Postspiracular black spot usually present on each side of each abdominal stemite; posterolateral angles of each sternite piceous, anterolateral angles immaculate. Basal plates in caudoventral view subtriangular; mesial margins slightly convex; posterior margins sinuous, posteromesial angles narrowly rounded (Fig. 91). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 92); spermathecal duct swollen, forming small cylindrical structure below proximal flange (Fig. 93). Posteroventral surface of pygophore deeply sulcate, becoming shallow laterally, obtuse carina below sulcus bearing row of long setae; posterior margin of pygophore sinuously V-shaped in caudal view, also bearing row of setae (Fig. 87); pygophore shallowly concave in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 88, 89); in lateral view, broadly convex with emargination ventrally (Fig. 90). Each paramere robust, apex spinose in both medial and ectal views (Figs. 81, 83); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 82). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with 3 - 4 spinose diverticula (Fig. 84); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe apparently absent (Fig. 85); penisfilum prominent (Fig. 85); median penial lobes relatively small (Fig. 84). Measurements. Total length 6.47 - 8.44 (8.04); total width 4.49 - 5.91 (5.60); medial length of pronotum 1.55 - 1.84 (1.84). Medial length of scutellum 2.80 - 3. 72 (3.39); basal width 2.72 - 3.39 (3.16); width at distal end offrena 1.07 - 1.40 (1.40). Length ofhead 1.44 - 1.68 (1.68); width 1.88 - 2.21 (2.12). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.35 - 0.42 (0.42), 0.74 - 0.81 (0.79), 0.72 - 0.96 (0.96), 0.94 - 1.18 (1.18), and 0.74 - 1.18 (1.18), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 ofrostrum 1.16 - 1.34 (1.34), 0. 70 - 0. 77 (0.70), and 0.66 - 0.81 (0.81), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFEEAA435DB2F788FA03F6D9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. o labeled " BRAZIL, Sao Paulo: Serra da Bocaina S. Jose Barreiro 1650 m., Jan. 1969 M. Alvarenga. " Deposited in the American Museum ofNatural History (New York). Paratypes. 300, 2 ' i? ' i?. " Sao Paulo Campos do Jordiio 16. XII. 1944. F. Lane col. " (o MZRS); (a) " Curitiba-Pr. IX- 1960 R. Lange leg. " (b) " Lange " (o MAPA); (a) " Porto Alegre 11.10.50 " (b) " Rio Grande do Sul, Pe. Buck leg. " (' i? MAPA); (a) " Jordao R Parana Braz. 12 II 52 " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (o USNM); and (a) " Jello 1. " (b) " Z. M. B. Hem. " (' i? ZMB).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFEEAA435DB2F788FA03F6D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Brazil (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFEEAA435DB2F788FA03F6D9.taxon	discussion	Comments. The distinct sulcus on the posteroventral surface of the pygophore and the double row of long setae are unique within the genus. The cylindrical structure below the proximal flange of the spermatheca is unique within this subgenus.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFEEAA435DB2F788FA03F6D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the double row oflong hairs on the pygophore.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	description	Figs. 94 - 108, Map 4	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized; slightly convex dorsally, distinctly convex ventrally. Dorsal surface pale to medium green, usually with yellow or red markings on apex of tylus, on apex of scutellum, on each humeral angle, and on legs.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	description	Apex of head narrowly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 95). Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles obtusely to narrowly rounded, protruding only slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 94). Each pronotal cicatrice usually immaculate, sometimes marked with black in mesial angle. Mesia} margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins sinuously convex; posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 106). Sclerotized rod relatively short, swollen subapically; narrowed apically (Fig. 107); spermathecal duct with large amount of swelling and coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 108). Posterior margin of pygophone shallowly and sinuously U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 102); posteroventral surface of pygophore straight in lateral view (Fig. 105); slightly convex in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 103, 104). Each paramere robust; apex spinose, curved gently laterad in ectal view (Fig. 98), curving gently dorsad in medial view (Fig. 96); shaft with nearly angulate protuberance at middle; roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface linear (Fig. 97). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with single rounded diverticulum (Fig. 101); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe moderately large (Fig. 100) penisfilum prominent, median penial lobes small, inconspicuous (Fig. 99).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Stal (1862 b) described T. juvenca from lo from Chile. In the original description, he states that the type specimen was placed in the " Mus. Helsingfors " in Finland. The type specimen was not located in the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum (Helsingfors, Finland). However, the original description is adequate to fix the species. In his description, Stal says " Thorax marginibus lateralibus anticis integris, levissime sinuatis, angulis lateralibus obtusus, vix prominulis. " Only three species of Thyanta are known to occur in Chile: T. juvenca, T. xerotica and T. rubicunda. Thyanta xerotica is relatively rare and occurs only in the very northern areas of Chile. Thyanta rubicunda has each humeral angle produced into an acute spine. Thyanta juvenca is the only common and widespread species in Chile that has each humeral angle obtusely rounded as in the above description.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	discussion	Reed (1898) described Pentatoma pilosum from 200 from Chile without designating a holotype. Theo labeled (a) " Sin. Hem. Chile Coll. EC Reed " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " is designated lectotype. Theo labeled (a) " Sin. Hem. Chile Coll. ECReed " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (c) " Pent. spe nov. " (d) " juvenca " (e) " Thyanta " is designated paralectotype. Kirkaldy (1909) properly placed this species as a junior synonym of T. juvenca. Both specimens were examined and are housed in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Chile (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 79 specimens collected from 7 September to 17 May; deposited in AMNH, CAS, CNC, DAR, EGER, ENGL, FSCA, LHR, MNHS, UCR, UCS, USNM, ZMB. CHILE: Atacama: Rio Manflas. Bibfo: Arauco; Queime, E. Concepcion. Coquimbo: Rivadavia; Vicuna. El Liberatador General Bernardo O'Higgins: Rancagua; 10 km N San Fernando; San Vicente de Tauga. Maule: Cauquenes; La Jaula. Cord. Curic 6; coast nr. Mataquito R. Region Metropolitana de Santiago: Buin; Co San Ramon; Clovillo; Curacavi; El Canelo; La Matancilla; Los Maitenes; Melocoton; Quebrada Macul; Quilicura; Rinconada Maipu; San Bernardino; Santiago. Tarapaca: Arica. Valparaiso: La Cruz; Los Andes; Ocoa; Papudo.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE8AA4E5E00F72AFCEEFF1A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyantajuvenca is closely related to T. acutangu / a, which may actually be a subspecies ofthe former. The male genitalia ofthe two species are nearly identical. Thyanta juvenca has each humeral angle obtusely rounded, while in T. acutangula each humeral angle is distinctly angulate.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	description	Figs. 109 - 123, Map 4	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized; ovate. Dorsal surface pale brown to dark green, sometimes dark brown, often marked with yellow around pronotal cicatrices, along anterolateral margins of pronotum, and on apex of scutellum; punctures usually concolorous with surface, sometimes brown. Head evenly rounded apically; outer jugal margins sinuous, nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 110). Anterolateral margins of pronotum slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles angulate to spinose, flaring dorsad and slightly caudad, apices usually piceous (Fig. 109). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate or sometimes marked with black in mesial angles.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	description	Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins convex; posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 121). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed but not elongate apically (Fig. 122); spermathecal duct swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 123). Posteroventral surface of pygophore rounded; posterior margin sinuously U-shaped in caudal view, medial portion concave (Fig. 11 7). Posterior margin of pygophore nearly straight in ventral view (Fig. 118); slightly convex in dorsal view, posterolateral angles not at all prominent (Fig. 119); straight to weakly concave in lateral view (Fig. 120). Each paramere robust, acuminately spinose in medial and ectal views (Figs. 111, 113); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface narrow, elongate (Fig. 112). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus spinose apically and with rounded, partially sclerotized diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 114); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe present (Fig. 115); median penial lobes hooked; penisfilum large, elongate, curving ventrad (Fig. 116).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	materials_examined	Types. Jensen-Haarup (1928) described T. acutangula from 355 and 3 ' i? ' i? all from Mendoza Province in Argentina. He did not, however, designate a holotype or paratypes. The 5 labeled (a) " Est. Pedregal Prov. de Mendoza Rep. Argentina J. - Hrp. " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Coll. Jensen-Haarup " (d) " Thyanta acutangula JensenHaarup leg. " is designated lectotype. The remaining five specimens are designated paralectotypes. They have the following label data: (a) " Mendoza " (b) " Coll. JensenHaarup " (c) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (d) " Thyanta acutangula Jensen-Haarup leg " (5); (a) " Mendoza 25.3.08 " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Coll. Jensen-Haarup " (d) " Thyanta acutangula Jensen-Haarup leg " (5); labeled as lectotype except (b) and (c) are reversed and (d) " ThyantaacutangulaJ-Hrp. Coll. Jensen-Haarup " (' i?); (a) " Chacr. de Coria Prov. de Mendoza Rep. Argentina Jensen-Haarup " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Type " (d) " Thyanta acutangula Jensen-Haarup leg. " (' i?); and (a) " Mendoza 12.4.07 " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Type " (d) " Thyanta acutangula n. sp. J-Hrp. " (' i?). All six specimens were examined and are conserved in the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	discussion	Jensen-Haarup (1928) described T. mendozana from 15 from the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The holotype is of the brown form and is slightlyteneral, making some characters hard to distinguish. Although the holotype has the humeral angles obtusely rounded, it does have fuscous markings on the ventral surface of each humeral angle, a trait characteristic of T. acutangula. Its male genitalia are virtually indistinguishable from those of T. acutangula. The holotype was examined and is housed in the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark). Ruckes (1957 b) described T. crinita from 1 ~ and 222 from Argentina. The holotype and one paratype were examined, and they do not differ in any significant respect from T. acutangula. These specimens are housed in the Cornell University collection (New York).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Argentina (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 135 specimens collected from 6 January to 5 April; deposited in AMNH, CAS, CU, EGER, IML, LHR, MBR, MLP, PUL, USNM, ZMB. BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca: Muyupampa. Cochabamba; 30 mi SW Cochabamba. La Paz: Sorata. Mataral: Santa Rosa. ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Belen; El Rodeo. Chubut: Altares; Puerto Madryn. Cordoba: Alta Garcia; 5 mi N Dean Funes; Guanaco Muerto. La Pampa: Lihuel Calel; Puelen. La Rioja. Mendoza: Chacr. de Coria; El Sosneado; Est. Pedregal; Portrerillos. Neuquen: Barrancas. Rio Negro: Choele-Choel; General Fernandez Oro; San Antonio Oeste; Villa Regina. Salta: Cafayate; Cnel. Moldes; Metan; San Lorenzo. San Luis: Beasley; San Luis; San Martin. Tucuman: Amaicha del Valle; Crest ridge, NW Tucuman; Quebrada de Lules; Rio Calchuquier.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE5AA4C5DBEFE79F9A9FB3D.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is related to T. juvenca, and may actually be a subspecies of that species. The genitalia of the two species are nearly identical. Thyanta acutangula can be separated from T. juvenca by the angulate to spinose humeral angles.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE7AA4A5DB4FA50FB61F658.taxon	description	Figs. 124 - 138, Map 4 Description. Medium to large; dorsal surface dusky brown to greenish brown; broadly ovate, robust. Punctures brown, usually becoming fuscous near each humeral angle and in irregular band just posterior to transhumeral pale subcalloused line. Apex of head evenly rounded; outer jugal margins nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 125). Antennae brown, segments 1 - 2 sometimes vaguely marked with fuscous, segments 3 - 5 often reddish. Anterolateral margins of pronotum concave in dorsal view; humeral angles produced anterolaterad and dorsad, spinose (Fig. 124). Mesia! angle of each pronotal cicatrice marked with fuscous, sometimes only vaguely so. A raised transhumeral subcalloused line usually present. Disc of pronotum anterior to cicatrices depressed, punctures crowded, small. Hemelytra with exocorium of each more densely punctate than rest of corium; posterior margin of corium convex, costal angle narrowly rounded, usually reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segment (Fig. 124); hemelytral membranes hyaline with numerous fuscous flecks. Connexiva green to brown, posterolateral angles black, sometimes posterior margin of each segment marked with fuscous. Ventral surface pale brown to green; punctures usually concolorous with surface, sometimes pale brown. Rostrum pale brown to green, apical half ofsegment 4 piceous, reaching to anterior margin of third (second visible) abdominal sternite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Humeral angles often piceous. Femora and tibiae pale brown, tarsal segments darker, reddish; femora sometimes marked with a few pale brown spots, usually one dark brown to fuscous spot on superior surface at distal third. Postspiracular black spot usually present on each side of each abdominal sternite; posterolateral angle of each abdominal sternite piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight; posterior margins sinuously convex; posteromesial angles weakly emarginate (Fig. 136). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. 137); spermathecal duct slightly swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 138). Posteroventral surface ofpygophore arcuately rounded; posterior margin in caudal view U-shaped, medial portion concave (Fig. 132). Pygophore in lateral view emarginate on dorsal half (Fig. 135); each lateral angle appearing double-cone-shaped in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 133, 134). Each paramere robust, apex nearly spinose in medial view (Fig. 126); apex narrowly rounded, curved slightly mediad in ectal view (Fig. 128); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface linear, short (Fig. 127). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe ofaedeagus with 1 - 2 diverticula (Fig. 131); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe apparently absent (Fig. 130); penisfilum and median penial lobes prominent (Fig. 129). Measurements. Total length 7.41 - 9.78 (7.41); total width 6.47 - 8.04 (6.47); medial length ofpronotum 1.71 - 1.99 (1.71). Medial length of scutellum 3.31 - 4.08 (3.40); basal width 3.20 - 3.84 (3.28); width at distal end of frena 1.21 - 1.66 (1.40). Length ofhead 1.62 - 1.81 (1.62); width 2.08 - 2.36 (2.12). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.40 - 0.52 (0.40), 0.81 - 0.94 (0.81), 1.07 - 1.20 (1.07), 1.14 - 1.25 (1.14), and 1.16 - 1.21 (1.21), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 ofrostrum 1.25 - 1.62 (1.25), 0.74 - 0.81 (0.74), and 0.77 - 0.96, respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE7AA4A5DB4FA50FB61F658.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 5 labeled " ANA RECK (MUN. CAXIAS DO SUL R. S. 9 - IV- 55, BRASIL E. W. GRUMAN leg. " Deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (Gainesville). Paratypes. 255, 522. Labeled same as holotype (5 FSCA); (a) " SAO PAULO Br., Mraz " (b) " Z. M. B. Hem. " (5 ZMB); (a) " Gramado, R. G. do Sul, Brasil 6 - 1 - 50 J. Becker 123 " (b) " Thyanta det RISailer " (c) " Thyanta acuta Ruckes varietal form " (d) " Compared with type. Much more robust. H. Ruckes " (2 USNM); " GRAMADO 2. 1954 RGS BRASIL " (2 MZRS); " Brazil, Parami 30 mi. W Irati 23 FEB 1980 D. B. Thomas Coll. " (2 DBT); (a) " Tasimbe 2411 57 '' (b) " 218 " (2 MZRS); and (a) " Pinheinal 28 I 53 " (b) " 217 " (2 MZRS).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE7AA4A5DB4FA50FB61F658.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE7AA4A5DB4FA50FB61F658.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a fairly distinctive species, although it is closely related to T. acuta and T. cornuta. It can be separated from these species by the larger, more robust shape, and by the characters of the male genitalia. The double-cone-shaped posterolateral angles of the pygophore in ventral and dorsal views will separate this species from both T. acuta and T. cornuta.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE7AA4A5DB4FA50FB61F658.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the robust form of the humeral angles.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	description	Fig. 139 - 153, Map 4	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized; ovate. Dorsal surface green to dark brown, sometimes with the following structures reddish: two spots on posterior disc of pronotum, one on each side of middle, extending to include nearly entire dorsal surface ofpronotum; dorsal surface of head; marginal band on scutellum along each frenum; and all of hemelytra except exocorium.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	description	Apex ofhead evenly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 140). Anterolateral margins ofpronotum concave in dorsal view; humeral angles produced primarily laterad and only slightly anterodorsad, spinose (Fig. 139). Mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice piceous; transhumeral subcalloused line usually present. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight; posterior margins sinous; posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 151). Sclerotized rod swollen at about two-thirds distance from base, apical, narrowed portion elongate (Fig. 152); spermathecal bulb globose, slightly elongate, small amount of coiling of spermathecal duct below proximal flange (Fig. 153). Posteroventral surface of pygophore arcuately rounded; posterior margin in caudal view U-shaped, medial portion slightly concave (Fig. 147); pygophore in lateral view nearly arcuately convex (Fig. 150). Each paramere rather robust, apex nearly spinose in medial view (Fig. 141); blunt, robust in ectal view (Fig. 143); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface slightly elongate (Fig. 142). Each lateral conjunctival lobe of aedeagus with 3 - 4 spinose diverticula apically (Fig. 146) and l hooked sclerotized diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 144); penisfilum large, dorsomedial conjunctival lobe apparently absent (Fig. 145).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Ruckes (1952) described T. acuta from 1 ' 3 and 19 from Paraguay. Although he described this species under the name T. acuta, the name placed on the label with the specimens is T. acutissimus. The remaining label information, however, matches exactly that given in the original description, and the specimens fit the description for T. acuta. The holotype was examined and is housed at the University ofMichigan Museum (Ann Arbor).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern South America (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 4 l specimens collected from 2 September to 1 April; deposited in AMNH, CNC, LHR, MBR, MLP, USNM, ZMB. BOLIVIA: El Beni: Trinidad. La Paz: Apolo. Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz. BRAZIL: Raco. Mato Grosso: Cuiaba. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumba; Salobra. Minas Gerais: 60 km W Araxa. Santa Catarina: Nova Teut 6 nia. Sao Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio. PARAGUAY: Caaguazu: Estancia Primera. Central: Lago Yloycaraiy, N of San Bernardino. Concepcion: Horqueta. Cordillera: Caacupe. Guaira: Villarrica. ARGENTINA: Misiones: lgazu; Leandre Alem; San Ignacio; Victoria.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE1AA485E28F7B4FD72F666.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is closely related to T. robusta and T. cornuta. It can be separated from T. robusta by the less robust form and by the form of the posterolateral angles of the pygophore, which are not double-cone-shaped when viewed ventrally or dorsally. The posterior margin of the pygophore in caudal view is U-shaped in T. acuta and V-shaped in T. cornuta.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	description	Figs. 154 - 168, Map 4	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium; ovate. Dorsal surface olivaceous green; punctures pale brown, sometimes reddish on pronotum and hemelytra.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	description	Outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel; apex of head narrowly rounded (Fig. 155). Anterolateral margins ofpronotum angularly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles produced primarily laterad and slightly anterodorsad, spinose (Fig. 154). Pronotal cicatrices usually immaculate, sometimes vaguely marked with fuscous in each mesial angle; subcalloused line between humeral angles lacking. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight; posterior margins sinuously convex; posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. 166). Sclerotized rod relatively short, swollen subapically, narrowed apical portion elongate (Fig. 167); spermathecal duct swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 168). Posteroventral surface of pygophore arcuately rounded; posterior margin in caudal view sinuously V-shaped, lateral margins distinctly divergent (Fig. 162). Pygophore in lateral view nearly straight to slightly concave (Fig. 165); in ventral view, lateral angles slightly prominent, medial portion slightly convex (Fig. 163). Each paramere robust, apex nearly spinose in medial view (Fig. 156); rounded in ectal view (Fig. 158); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface linear, short, near apex (Fig. 157). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with 4 - 5 spinose diverticula apically and I slightly sclerotized diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 159); dorsomedial conjunctival lobe apparently absent (Fig. 160); median penial lobes relatively small, penisfilum moderately large (Fig. 160).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Ruckes (1956) described T. cornuta from 1 ~ and 2 ' i? ' i? from Brazil. Because the 縠 specimen was missing the pygophore, he designated one of the ' i? specimens holotype. All three specimens were examined and are housed in the American Museum of Natural History (New York).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern and central South America (Map 4).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Eight specimens collected in January, June, July, September, and November, deposited in AMNH, UCV. VENEZUELA: Bolivar: San Cayetano. BOLIVIA: El Beni: Rio Itenez opposite Costa Marques, Brazil. BRAZIL: Chavantina. Mato Grosso: Chapada.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFE3AA765E21F7FCFCBAF802.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is closely related to T. acuta and T. robusta. It can be separated from those species by the more acuminate humeral angles, and by the characters of the male genitalia. Thyanta acuta has the posterior margin of the pygophore U-shaped with the sides nearly vertical. The posterior margin ofT. cornuta is sinuously V-shaped with the sides not at all approaching the vertical axis of the body. Thyanta robusta has the posterolateral angles double-cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal views; T. cornuta does not.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDDAA775E6EF960FB56FD66.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pentatoma patruelis Stal, 1859.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDDAA775E6EF960FB56FD66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Punctation coarse, sparse, dorsal surface appearing shiny, glossy. Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight to slightly concave, concolorous with surface of pronotum; humeral angles rounded to angulate, rarely spinose; pronotal cicatrices usually immaculate, sometimes faintly marked with fuscous in mesial angles. Posterior termination of each buccula evanescent.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDDAA775E6EF960FB56FD66.taxon	description	Distal end ofsclerotized rod with or without subapical swelling, never cone-shaped; spermathecal bulb globose; spermathecal duct below proximal flange slightly to greatly swollen and coiled, but never forming distinct cylindrical structure. Pygophoral opening relatively large; posterior margin usually broadly and shallowly U-shaped; posteroventral surface ofpygophore produced into blunt chin-like protuberance. Each paramere acute to narrowly rounded apically, obtuse protuberance on shaft moderate in size to absent, possessing distinct dorsomedial concave surface; roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface ofparamere usually circular, rarely linear (T. boliviensis). Theca reniform, lacking dorsolateral protuberances; each lateral conjunctival lobe usually with single diverticulum; median penial lobes and penisfilum usually relatively small.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDDAA775E6EF960FB56FD66.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is the largest subgenus, containing 20 species, and is also the most difficult in which to identify the included species. It is often necessary to examine the male genitalia in order to make accurate determinations. Within geographical areas, the internal female genitalia are usually distinctive. This subgenus can be divided into two groups based primarily on the structure of the spermatheca. In T. boliviensis, n. sp., T. brasiliensis Jensen-Haarup, T. emarginata, n. sp., and T. hamulata, n. sp., the sclerotized rod is somewhat elongate and lacks any subapical swelling. The remaining species have the sclerotized rod shorter and distinctly swollen subapically, becoming narrowed apically.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	description	Figs. 169 - 183, Map 2	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. General color green to brown, rarely with rubiginous transhumeral markings.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	description	Outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 170). Anterolateral pronotal margins straight to slightly concave; humeral angles rounded to angulate, usually produced beyond base of adjacent coria by about onehalf width ofeye (Fig. 169). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Posterolateral abdominal angles not marked with black or only minutely so; postspiracular black spots absent (sometimes evident in brown form). Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins convex, separated basally; posterior margins convex (Fig. 181). Distal end of sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 182); spermathecal duct greatly swollen below proximal flange, carrot-shaped (Fig. 183). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 177); slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 180). Each paramere apically acute in both medial and ectal views (Figs. l 71, 173); concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad; roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 172). Aedeagus with dorsomedial lobe apparently absent (Fig. 175).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Dallas (1851) described Pentatoma testacea from " S. America " without designating a holotype or paratypes, and it is not possible to determine how many syntypes he had. Only 12 syntype was located and is here designated lectotype. It has the following label data: (a) " Type " (b) " 40 3.30 809 " [ventral surface] (c) " 36. PENTATOMA TESTACEA, " [dorsal surface], " hil. 136, pl. 1, f. 5. Sign. " [ventral surface]. The lectotype, which is conserved in the British Museum ofNatural History (London), was examined. Ruckes (1956) described T. signoreti from 1 ~ and 322 from Colombia. The holotype and two paratypes were examined and do not differ in any significant way from T. testacea. The holotype is conserved in the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lesser Antilles and northern South America (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 113 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in: AMNH, BMNH, CU, EGER, INHS, LACM, LHR, TAMU, USNM. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Guayabetal; Melgar. Magdalena: La Jagua, 80 km S Valledupar; Pueblo Bello, 45 km W Valledupar, Sierra Nevada de S. Marta; Santa Marta. Tolima: Honda. VENEZUELA: Mesa de Playa. Amazonas: Gualtibo; Puerto Ayacucho. Apure: San Fernando. Aragua: 5 km NW Colonia Tovar; El Limon; Maracay; Rancho Grande. Bolivar: km 107 El Dorado Santa Elena. Carabobo: Mariara; Naguanagua. Distrito Federal: Serrania El Avila. Guiirico: Calabozo; Hato El Samon er. El Punzon Las Mercedes; Hato Las Lajas. Lara: 12 km N Cubiro; Torrellero. Merida: 5 km NW Timotes. Miranda: ElJarillo Agua Fria. Monagas: Caripito; Jusepin; Maturin; 42 km SE Maturin. Nueva Esparta: El Robledar; Las Marites; Salamanca. Portuguesa: Aparicion. Sucre: Cumana. Trujillo: Cd de las Mesa de Esnujaque; Puerta. SURINAM: Mairmost Plantation. Para: Zanderij I., Boven.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDCAA725E59FCFBF992FF87.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyanta testacea can be reliably identified only by an examination of the male genitalia. The apically spinose parameres curving gently dorsad will separate it from all other congeners except T. patruelis. The chin-like protuberance on the posteroventral surface of the pygophore is somewhat less prominent in T. testacea than in T. patruelis. There does seem to be a geographical separation of the two species with T. testacea restricted to northern South America and the Lesser Antilles and T. patruelis occurring from northeastern Brazil and southern Peru southward.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	description	Figs. 184 - 198, Map 2	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium; dorsal surface green to brown, often with reddishpurple markings between humeral angles, on dorsal surface of head, on apex of scutellum, and on apex of each corium; punctures concolorous with surface.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	description	Outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 185). Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to weakly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded to angulate, produced beyond base of adjacent coria by width ofeye or less (Fig. 184). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Connexiva narrowly exposed; posterolateral angle of each segment usually marked with piceous, sometimes only minutely so. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Postspiracular spots lacking; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites usually piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates straight to slightly convex, separated basally; posterior margins straight to slightly convex; posteromesial angles rounded or slightly emarginate (Fig. 196). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 197). Spermathecal duct greatly swollen below proximal flange, carrot-shaped (Fig. 198). Posterolateral angles of pygophore only slightly prominent in lateral view (Fig. 195); posteroventral surface of pygophore distinctly depressed between blunt chin-like protuberance and posterior margin of pygophore; posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly CT-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 192). Apex of each paramere distinctly spinose in both medial and ectal views (Figs. 186, 188), roughened spiculate area on lateral surface ovoid (Fig. 187). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with 1 - 2 nonsclerotized diverticula (Fig. 191); dorsomedial lobe absent (Fig. 190); penisfilum small, median penial lobes spatulate, nearly hidden by conjunctiva! lobes (Fig. 189).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Stal (1859) described P. patruelis from 12 specimen from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The holotype, which is conserved in the Naturhistoriska Rikoriska Rikomuseet (Stockholm, Sweden), was examined.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	discussion	Bergroth (1891) described Thyanta humilis from at least two specimens from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Grazia (1987) made lectotype and paralectotype designations. The lectotype was examined, and is currently housed in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France). Although this specimen is smaller and somewhat more depressed than the holotype of T. patruelis, there are very few differences that will separate the two (see Comments below). Thyanta nitidula was described by Ruckes (1956) from 12 ' 35 and 322, all from Brazil. The holotype was examined, and is conserved in the American Museum of Natural History (New York). This specimen is intermediate in size between the lectotype of T. humilis and the holotype of P. patruelis and falls within the range of variation exhibited by these two specimens (see Comments below).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central Brazil and southern Peru south to Argentina (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 584 specimens collected during every month of the year except August; deposited in: AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CU, DAR, DBT, EGER, ISU, LACM, LHR, MBR, MGA, MCN, MNRJ, MZRS, OSU, POLH, PUL, SMEK, DEC, UMA, UNAM, USNM, ZMB. PERU: Curabaya; La Merced, Chanchamaya; Cusco: Quillabamba. Junfn: 40 - 55 km SE Satipo. BRAZIL: Chapada de Guimaraes; Demerary; Lagoa de Camarim; Nordeste; Piriapolis. Bahia: Encruzilhada; Itap; Nova Conquista; Salvador. Ceara: Barbalha; Fortaleza. Espfrito Santo: Guarapari; Linhares; Vitoria. Goias: Argar ~ as; Brasilia; Jatai. Mato Grosso: Cuiaba; Independencia. Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauna; Bodoqueiia; Corumba; Morro do Urucun; Rondonopolis. Minas Gerais: Carmo do R. Clavo; Cordisburgo; Pedra Azul; Bandeiro; Santa Barbara, Varginha. Paraiba: Juazeirinho. Parafia: Araucaria; 30 mi W Irati; Rolandia; Vila Velha Pk. Pernambuco: Bonito Prov.; Caruaru; Petrolina. Rio de Janeiro: Mangaratiba; Nova lgua ~ u; Petropolis; Quinta Boa Vista, Horto Botanica; Rio de Janeiro; Teresopolis. Rio Grande do Sul: Campos; Glorinha; Ipanema; Pelotas; Porto Alegre; Santa Maria; Taimbezinho, Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra Est.; Viamao; Vila Oliva. Santa Catarina: Corupa; Florianopolis; Nova Teutonia. Sao Paulo: 10 mi S Guapara; Piracicaba; Sao Paulo; Sao Vicenti. BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Christal­Mayu, Prov. Chapare. La Paz: Yungas de La Paz. Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, Prov. Ichilo; Robore; Saavedra-Malezas, Est. Expt. Agr.; Santa Cruz. PARAGUAY: Asuncion: Asuncion. Gran Chaco. Central: Aregua; Luque. Chaco: Rio Negro. Corrientes: San Bernardino. Guaira: Villarrica. Paraguarf. Presidente Hayes: 42 km NW Benjamin Aceval. ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Isla Martin Garcia; Punta Lara; San Isidrio. Chaco. Corrientes: San Roque. Entre Rios: Leigre; Liebig. Formosa: Gran Guardia. Misiones: Apartado; Bompland; Eldorado; Let; Loreto; Posados; Puerto lguazu; San Ignacio. Santa Fe: Villa Ana. URUGUAY: Canelones: Atlantida. Montevideo: Montevideo. Paysondu: Constancia. Rfo Negro.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD9AA705E31FDD9FB6EF66C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyanta patruelis is a highly variable species with regard to both size and coloration. It is possible that it represents a group of several very closely related, morphologically indistinguishable species. Two specimens from opposite ends of the spectrum in variability (color, size) appear to be distinct species, but when a series of specimens are examinttd, it is obvious that all manner ofintermediates exist. Also, no matter what the size or color of the specimen, the male and female genitalia are constant, with only minor variations in an occasional specimen.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	description	Figs. 199 - 214, Map 2	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium; dorsal surface green to brown, sometimes with reddish markings on dorsal surface of pronotum and head; punctures usually concolorous with surface.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	description	Apex of head evenly rounded; outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 200). Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded, protruding only slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 199); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytral membranes hyaline, lacking brown distal flecks. Posterolateral angles of connexival segments usually immaculate, sometimes minutely marked with black. Ventral surface green to brown; posterolateral angles ofabdominal stemites immaculate; postspiracular black spots absent. Ostiolar rugae acuminate apically. Mesial margins ofbasal plates in caudoventral view convex, separated basally and distally; posterior margins convex; posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. 211). Sclerotized rod relatively short, swollen subapically, gradually narrowing apically (Fig. 212). Swelling of spermathecal duct below proximal flange shorter than spermathecal pump and narrowing rather abruptly (Fig. 213). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly and shallowly U-shaped, medial portion nearly straight (Fig. 207); posterolateral angles ofpygophore prominent in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 208, 209); pygophore sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 210). Apex of each paramere in medial view narrowly rounded to spinose, curving gently dorsad (Fig. 201); concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad; roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface oval (Fig. 202); possessing a distinct spinose lateral lobe in ectal view (Fig. 203). Aedeagus relatively small; each lateral conjunctiva! lobe with spinose diverticulum apically; median penial lobes spatulate; penisfilum relatively small, short (Figs. 204 - 206).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Ruckes (1956) described this species from 1355 and 4 ~~, all from Argentina and Paraguay. The holotype, which is conserved in the American Museum ofNatural History (New York), was examined.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern South America (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 197 specimens collected during every month of the year except July and September; deposited in: AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CU, DAR, EGER, ENGL, FSCA, LHR, MRB, SMEK, IML, UCS, UNL, USNM, ZMB. BOLIVIA: Mataral, V. Grande; Villa Vicencio. Chuquisaca: Monteagudo. La Paz: Iquisivi. Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, Prov. Ichilo; Colpa pump stn., 9 mW Warnes; Ingenio La Belgica, 38 km N Santa Cruz; 10 mi W Portachuelo; Rio Grande pump stn., 35 m S Santa Cruz; Saavedra Res. Stn. Tarija: Ing. Bermejo; Villa Montes. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Carmo do R. Claro. PARAGUAY: Central: nr. Nemby. Chaco: Copagro, trans. Chaco km 589; Expt. Stn Fem. Col. Concepcion: Horqueta. Guaira: Villarrica. Nueva Asuncion. · Parq. Nae. Tte. Enciso. Presidente Hayes: 42 km NW Benjamin Aceval; Gran Chaco. ARGENTINA: Laguna de Malvinas. Catamarca: Andalgala; Belen; Frias. Chaco: Colonia Benitez; Fortana; Labo Montevideo; Resistencia; Roque Saenz Peil. a. Cordoba: Alta Garcia; Guanaco Muerto. Formosa: Clorinda; 40 km SW Clorinda; Gran Guardia; La Florencia Este; 5 km N Pirane; 14 km SE Pirane. Jujuy: Perico. La Rioja: La Rioja; Patquia. Salta: Guemes; J N Gonzales; Tartagal; Rosario de la Frontera; Urundel. Santa Fe: Carcaraiia. Santiago de! Estero: Chaco, Rio Salada. Tucuman: Cardinal; El Bachi; La Aguadita; 11 km E de Las Cejas; San Miguel de Tucuman; Siambón Siambón ..	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFDBAA7F5E45F781FD18FCF3.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species can be separated from most other congeners by the reduction of nearly all black markings and by the lack ofbrown flecks in the hemelytral membranes. The acute lateral lobe of the parameres is a character this species shares only with T. hamulata. In T. hamulata the apex of each paramere curves dorsad and caudad forming a distinct hook, while in T. acuminata the apex of each paramere curves gently dorsad but does not form a hook. Also, the lateral lobe of the paramere in T. hamulata is triangular, while in T. acuminata it is digitiform and spinose apically. Female specimens of T. acuminata can be distinguished from the other 3 species of this subgenus which occur in southern South America by examining the spermatheca. Thyanta boliviensis and T. brasiliensis both have the sclerotized rod not at all swollen subapically; both T. acuminata and T. patruelis have this structure swollen subapically, although somewhat less so in T. acuminata. The swelling of the spermathecal duct below the proximal flange is much more extensive in T. patruelis, the length of the swelling being equal to or longer than the spermathecal pump. Also this swelling usually narrows gradually, giving the whole swollen portion the appearance of an inverted cone. In T. acuminata, this swollen portion is much shorter and narrows rather abruptly.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD4AA7A5DABFD0FFAF2F637.taxon	description	Figs. 215 - 229, Map 3 Description. Dorsal surface green to pale yellowish-brown, usually no red or black markings present; punctures concolorous with surface. Apex of head broadly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous (Fig. 216). Antennae pale brown to green, distal segments slightly darker. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view nearly straight; humeral angles obtusely rounded, protruding slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 215). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra uniformly and shallowly punctate; posterior margins weakly convex; costal angles narrowly rounded (Fig. 215), reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline, a few faint brown flecks sometimes present. Connexiva narrowly or not at all exposed, posterolateral angles of segments sometimes minutely marked with piceous. Ventral surface pale yellow to yellowish-green; punctures concolorous with surface; rostrum yellow to green, apical half of segment 4 piceous; reaching onto third (second visible) abdominal stemite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae yellowish-brown to green, tarsal segments sometimes darker. Postspiracular brown spots sometimes vaguely present in brown form; posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites usually immaculate, rarely marked minutely with black. Mesia] margins of basal plates in caudoventral view weakly convex, separated basally; posterior margins nearly straight; posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 227). Sclerotized rod of nearly equal diameter throughout entire length, not at all swollen near apex; dilation of spermatheca constricted near middle, ending about threefourths distance from base of sclerotized rod (Fig. 228); spermathecal duct only slightly swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 229). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly and shallowly U-shaped, posterolateral angles somewhat thickened (Fig. 223); chin-like protuberance prominent in ventral and lateral views (Figs. 224, 226); posterior margin nearly straight in dorsal view (Fig. 225). Each paramere with concave surface oriented dorsad; in ectal view, apex narrowly rounded, digitiform, curving gently laterad, with angulate triangular lateral lobe (Fig. 219); from medial view apex curving dorsad and caudad forming a distinct hook (Fig. 21 7); roughed, spiculate areas on lateral surface of paramere localized, circular (Fig. 218). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe ofaedeagus with single diverticulum (Fig. 222); dorsomedial lobe present, but small (Fig. 221); penisfilum and median penial lobes of moderate size (Fig. 220). Measurements. Total length 6.31 - 7.41 (6.39); total width 4.10 - 4.89 (4.10); medial length ofpronotum 1.32 - 1.61 (1.32). Medial length ofscutellum 2.80 - 3.31 (2.80); basal width 2.58 - 2.98 (2.58); width at distal end of frena 0.88 - 0.99 (0.92). Length ofhead 1.34 - 1.50 (1.37); width 1.88 - 2.08 (1.90). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.37 - 0.42 (0.37), 0.74 - 0.98 (0.74), 0.81 - 0.98 (0.81), 0.99 - 1.21 (1.05), and 1.10 - 1.14 (1.10), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 ofrostrum 1.18 - 1.29 (1.18), 0.75 - 0.81 (0.81), and 0.59 - 0.74 (0.59), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD4AA7A5DABFD0FFAF2F637.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 5 labeled (a) " COLOMBIA: Dept. Valle del Cauca. Bitaco Valley, Finca Kyburz 1 km above Bitaco " (b) " Altitude 4500 ft. 27 - 28. Xl. 1963 P. C. Hutchinson & J. K. Wright. " Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco). Paratypes. 855, 9 ' i? ' i?. Labeled same as holotype (255 4 ' i? ' i? CAS); (a) " PERU: Dept. Cajamarca Prov. Jaen. Pucara. Rio Huancabamba, 900 m 14 - 18.1.1964 " (b) " P. C. Hutchison and J. K. Wright Collectors " (555 2 ' i? ' i? CAS), except 255; labeled " 10 - 13.1.1964 "; " PERU: Dept. Amazonas Between Rio Maran. on and Bagua. 3 - X- 1964 P. C. Hutchison & J. K. Wright " (5 2 ' i? ' i? CAS); and (a) " PERU: 94 mi. E. of Olmos, Lambayeque 1 - 18 - 1955 " (b) " E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross collectors " (' i? CAS).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD4AA7A5DABFD0FFAF2F637.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northwestern South America (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD4AA7A5DABFD0FFAF2F637.taxon	discussion	Comments. Only this species and T. acuminata have a distinct acute lateral lobe on each paramere. In T. hamulata, the lateral lobe is triangular, and the apex of each paramere curves dorsad and caudad, forming a distinct hook. In T. acuminata, the lateral lobe is spinose, and the apex of each paramere curves gently dorsad, not forming a distinct hook. Only four species of Thyanta are known to lack the subapical swelling of the sclerotized rod of the spermatheca. Thyanta emarginata has the posteromesial angle of each basal plate deeply excavated. Thyanta hamulata can be separated from both T. brasiliensis and T. boliviensis by the constriction in the middle of the dilation of the spermatheca.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD4AA7A5DABFD0FFAF2F637.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the hamulate or hooked apex of each paramere.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD1AA665DD7F74BFBE1FC00.taxon	description	Figs. 230 - 244, Map 3 Description. Medium to large; dorsal surface olive green to reddish-brown; often with reddish-purple markings between humeral angles, on dorsal surface of head, and on apex of scutellum; punctures concolorous with surface. Apex of head evenly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous (Fig. 231). Punctures on head rather dense, surface sometimes appearing reticulate. Antennae green to pale brown, distal 3 segments usually marked with red. Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded to nearly angulate, produced beyond base of adjacent coria by one-half width of eye or less (Fig. 230). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytral punctures shallow, slightly more dense on exocorium; posterior margins slightly convex; costal angles narrowly rounded, usually reaching to middle of penultimate connexival segments (Fig. 230); hemelytral membranes hyaline, usually lacking all brown flecks. Connexiva narrowly exposed, posterolateral angles of segments piceous. Ventral surface yellowish-green to brown; punctures concolorous with surface. Rostrum pale brown, apical half of segment 4 piceous, reaching onto base of third (second visible) abdominal segment. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae pale brown, tarsal segments and distal third of each tibia sometimes darker. Postspiracular spots lacking; posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates convex, separated basally and distally; posterior margins straight to slightly convex; posteromesial angles slightly emarginate (Fig. 242). Sclerotized rod elongate, neither swollen subapically nor abruptly narrowed apically; dilation of spermatheca extending about three-fourths length of sclerotized rod, not abruptly narrowed on apical fourth (Fig. 243); spermathecal bulb slightly elongate, spermathecal duct with small amount of coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 244). Posterior margin of pygophore sinuously U-shaped in caudal view, medial portion slightly concave (Fig. 238); pygophore emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 241); posterolateral angles not distinctly prominent in ventral or dorsal views (Figs. 239. 240). Apex ofeach paramere acute, nearly spinose in medial view (Fig. 232); paramere slightly lunate in ectal view, apex nearly spinose (Fig. 234); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface ofparamere linear in shape (Fig. 223), corresponding black carina on wall ofpygophore also linear. Each lateral conjunctival lobe ofaedeagus with one acute diverticulum apically and one obtuse slightly sclerotized diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 235); dorsomedial lobe well developed (Fig. 236); penisfilum and median penial lobes nearly hidden by conjunctiva (Fig. 237). Measurements. Total length 7.41 - 9.90 (7.73); total width 4.73 - 6.07 (4.89); medial length of pronotum 1.40 - 1.82 (1.51). Medial length of scutellum 3.05 - 4.08 (3.13); basal width 3.02 - 3.86 (3.13); width at distal end offrena 0.99 - 1.32 (1.03). Length ofhead 1.57 - 1.82 (l. 64); width 2.03 - 2.32 (2.12). Length of segments 1 - 5 of antennae 0.48 - 0.55 (0.52), 0.75 - 0.99 (0.81), 1.10 - 1.32 (1.25), 1.32 - 1.53 (1.47), and 1.36 - 1.44 (1.44), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 ofrostrum 1.21 - 1.51 (1.21), 0.81 - 0.96 (0.85), and 0.81 - 0.99 (0.92), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD1AA665DD7F74BFBE1FC00.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. <3 labeled (a) " Yungas de La Paz, Bolivia Dec. 4 - 20, 1955, 1200 - 1700 M Luis E. Pena, Collector " (b) " JC Lutz Collection 1961. " Deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.). Paratypes. 4455, 6622. Labeled same as holotype (455 222 USNM); labeled as holotype, except lacking (b) (655 422 AMNH, FSCA); labeled as holotype, except (b) " Thyanta hurneralis Ruckes Det. J. C. Lutz " (5 AMNH); labeled as holotype, except (b) " Thyanta hurneralis Ruckes Lutz ' 57 '' (5 222 AMNH, FSCA); " Coripata 1700 m. Yungas La Paz Bol. 1 - XII- 1984 Coll. LE. Pena " (622 USNM); " Pte. Mururata Yungas La Paz Bol. 1200 - 1600 rn. 24 - 26 - XII- 1984 Coll. LE. Pena " (455 522 USNM); " Chulurnani Yungas La Paz Bol. XII- 1984 Coll. LE. Pena " (2 USNM); (a) " BOLIVIA: Dpt. La Paz, Prov. Sud Yungas, 21 km. W. Chulurnani. 4050 '. 27 - V- 1989. J. E. Eger, coll. " (b) " J. E. Eger Collection " (255 422 EGER); (a) " BOLIVIA: Dpt. La Paz, Prov. Sud Yungas, Puente Villa. 4300 '. 19 - 24 - V- 1989. J. E. Eger, coll. " (b) " J. E. Eger Collection " (255 522 EGER); " (SE) Coroico 1800 - 2100 rn. La Paz Bol. 30 - XI- 2 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena G. " (5 USNM); " Rio Coroico 1200 m. La Paz Bol. 24 - 26 - XI- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (l 055 622 USNM); (a) " Bolivia, Coroico 20.12.48 A. Martinez " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (5 USNM); (a) " Coroico Bolivia " (b) " H G Barber Colin 1950 " (5 '? USNM); (a) " BOLIVIA, LP., 1190 rn., 1 rni, E. Puente Villa, S. Yungas IV- 8 - 1978 C & L O'Brien " (b) " Thyanta misc 22 " (2 ENGL); " Circuata-Cajuata 2400 rn. La Paz Bol. 3 - 5 - XIl- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (255 222 USNM); " Monteagudo Chuquisaca Bol. 24 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (422 USNM); " (E) Muyuparnpa 1600 rn. Chuquisaca Bol. 21 - 25 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena G. " (255 322 USNM); " Mataral (N) V. Grande Bol. 1800 - 2000 rn. 15 - 17 - XII- 1984 Coll. LE. Pena " (2 USNM); " Sta. Rosa 1100 rn. (N) Mataral Bol. l 5 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (355 322 USNM); " Pto. Camacho (S) Sta. Cruz Bol. 20 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (2 USNM); " Cornarapa 1800 rn. Santa Cruz Bol. 14 - XII- 84 Coll. LE. Pena " (2 USNM); " TRES ESTEROS Guanay, Boliv 19 / 25 - Aug- 89 leg: LE. Pena " (2 USNM); (a) " Rurrenabaque Beni Bolivia WMMMann " (b) " Nov. 1921 " (c) " MULFORD BIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION 1921 - 1922 " {9 USNM); " Coripata " (5 522 MLP), except 12 with (b) " Thyanta, P. DENIER det. '' (MLP); (a) " Ost Bolivien Prov. Lara 750 rn Steinbach S. V. " (b) " Z. M. B. Hern. " ('? ZMB); " caranavi " (2 MLP); " Corzuela n 8.1.36 " (2 MLP); " Peru, 2400 m alt. Dept Cusco Machu Picchu VII, 14 - 15,1951 sweepingG. H. Dieke " (S' USNM); (a) " Macchu Picchu Ruins, Cuzco, Peru March 6 1947 Alt. 9500 ft. " (b) " J. C. Pallister Coll. Donor Frank Johnson " (c) " Thyanta patruelis Stal det. H. Ruckes " (2 AMNH); " PERU: Cuzco, Pisac, 3,000 m. 15. viii. 1971 C. & M. Vardy B. M. 1971 - 533 " (c BMNH); (a) " Abancay, PERU. III- 6 - 51 " (b) " Ross and Michelbacher Collectors' ' (222 CAS); (a) " Arg. Salta Positos Il. 50 A. Martinez " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (5 USNM); and (a) " AcSA: 217 C ARGENTINA TUCUMAN Cadillal s / Solanurn auriculaturn 15 / 11 / 85 ERG " (b) " Thyanta sp. Det. T. J. Henry 1987 " (5 USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD1AA665DD7F74BFBE1FC00.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD1AA665DD7F74BFBE1FC00.taxon	discussion	Comments. In general appearance this species resembles larger specimens of T. patruelis, but it is more closely related to T. brasiliensis. Male specimens can be separated from all other species in the subgenus Agrosoma by the elongate, linear spiculate area on the lateral surface of each pararnere. Male and female specimens can usually be distinguished from T. brasiliensis by the less prominent humeral angles. The only way to reliably separate females of T. boliviensis and T. patruelis is by examining the sperrnatheca of each species. In T. boliviensis, the sclerotized rod is neither swollen subapically nor abruptly narrowed apically as it is in T. patruelis. Only T. brasiliensis, T. emarginata, T. excavata, and T. hamulata have the sclerotized rod as described above. Thyanta emarginata can be identified by the distinctly excavated basal plates; the remaining three species can be distinguished by the condition of the dilation of the spermatheca. In T. boliviensis this structure is in the form of a single balloon-like structure; in T. brasiliensis it is abruptly narrowed for the distal half; and in T. hamulata it is constricted in the middle and then dilates again, forming a figure 8 shape.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFD1AA665DD7F74BFBE1FC00.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the country of the type locality.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	description	Figs. 245 - 259, Map 3	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium to large, robust; extremely variable in coloration. One form green to pale brown, usually with dark reddish-purple markings between humeral angles, on dorsal surface ofhead, and on apex of scutellum. Second form pale green to fuscous, sometimes tending to purplish, often with anterior two-thirds of pronotal disc much paler than rest, sometimes with numerous interstellate pale points on coria. Punctures usually concolorous with surface, sometimes brown.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	description	Outer jugal margins nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 246). Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view concave; humeral angles narrowly rounded to angulate, sometimes marked with black, extending beyond base of adjacent coria by one-half width of eye or more (Fig. 245); pronotal cicatrices not marked with black. Hemelytral membranes hyaline, often with a few brown flecks. Posterolateral angles of connexival segments usually piceous. Postspiracular black spots usually lacking, sometimes present in darker specimens; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight, separated basally; posterior margins sinuously convex; posteromesial angles narrowly rounded (Fig. 257). Sclerotized rod not at all swollen subapically, gradually tapering to a narrowly rounded apex; dilation of spermatheca single, but abruptly narrowed for distal third, ending a short distance from apex of sclerotized rod (Fig. 258); spermathecal duct with a moderate amount of coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 259). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly U-shaped, medial portion nearly straight (Fig. 253); lateral angles ofpygophore and blunt chin-like protuberance prominent when viewed laterally (Fig. 256). Apex of each paramere narrowly rounded, nearly spinose in ectal view (Fig. 249); concave surface oriented more mediad than dorsad, apex narrowly rounded in medial view, shaft with prominent protuberance just below parameral head (Fig. 247); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface obovate (Fig. 248). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with one acute diverticulum (Fig. 252); median penial lobes relatively large (Fig. 250); penisfilum medium in size; dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe apparently absent (Fig. 251).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Jensen-Haarup (1928) described T. brasiliensis from 1 ~ and l! i? without designating a holotype. The ~ labeled (a) " ~ " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Type " (d) " Thyanta brasiliensis J-Hrp Coll. Jensen Haarup. " (e) " Lagoa Santa Reinhardt " is designated lectotype. The! i? labeled (a) " 2 " (b) " Type Coll. J = Hrp. " (c) " Type " (d) " Rio de Janeiro Reinhardt " (e) " Thyanta brasiliensis Jensen-Haarup leg. " is designated paralectotype. Both specimens were examined and are housed in the Universitets Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark). Ruckes (1956) described T. humeralis from 9 dd and 1022. The holotype was examined, although it is slightly larger than the type of T. brasiliensis, there is no other significant difference. The holotype of T. humeralis is located in the American Museum of Natural History (New York).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern South America (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. 163 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CU, DAR, DBT, EGER, FSCA, IML, LHR, MCN, MGA, OSU, UEC, USNM, ZMB, ZMUC. PERU: Junfn: Satipo. Loreto: Guyabamba, near Iquitos. BRAZIL: Lagoa Santa; Rodcio. Esperfto Santo: Vitoria. Mato Grosso: Cuiaba. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumba; Miranda. Minas Gerais: Varginha. Para: Jacareacanga. Parana: 5 mi E Maravilha. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro; Teresopolis. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre. Santa Catarina: Anita Garibaldi Est.; Nova Teut 6 nia. Sii. o Paulo: Bebedouro; Campinas; Cosmopolis; Indiana; Piracicaba. BOLIVIA: Villa Vicencia. Cochabamba: Chapare, Christal-Mayu. El Beni: Trinidad. La Paz: Coroico; Rurrenabaque. Santa Cruz: Buena Vista; Montero; Saavedra. PARAGUAY: San Luis. Alto Parana: Puerto Presidente Stroessner. Caaguazu: Estancia Primera. Central: Nueva Italia. Concepcion: Horqueta. Cordillera: Inst. Agro. Nae., Caacupe; San Bernardino; 20 km NW San Bernardino. Guaira: Villarica. Itapua: Trinidad. Paraguarf: Sapucai. Presidente Hayes: Gran Chaco. ARGENTINA: Cordoba: Sierra de Cordoba, Cosquin. Misiones: Apartado; Eldorado; Leandro Alem; Let; Puerto Iguazu; Puerto Rico; Victoria.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCDAA645DB8FD5EF999F953.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species occurs in two fairly distinct color forms, but an examination of the genitalia of both sexes and other morphological characters reveals no significant differences. Because some specimens intermediate between the two forms do occur, it is believed that all specimens belong to a single variable species. This species can be recognized from other congeners by the robust shape, sometimes by the dorsal coloration, often by the distinctly prominent humeral angles and the posteroventral production of the pygophore when viewed laterally, and by the shape of the parameres. Females can be identified by the shape of the spermatheca. It is the only species with the sclerotized rod not swollen subapically and with a single dilation of the spermatheca that is abruptly narrowed distally for a short distance.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCFAA625DD9F8A7FE92F965.taxon	description	Figs. 260 - 264, Map 3 Description. Dorsal surface olive-brown, head and anterior two-thirds ofpronotum slightly darker; apex of scutellum reddish; punctures reddish-brown. Apex of head evenly rounded; outer jugal margins sinuous, nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 261); surface of head rather densely punctate, juga appearing somewhat reticulate. Antennae pale brown, some reddish hues on distal 3 segments. Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded, nearly angulate, apex piceous, protruding slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 260). Surface of pronotum transversely depressed just posterior to pronotal cicatrices; each pronotal cicatrice marked with fuscous in mesial angle. Hemelytra rather uniformly punctate; posterior margins weakly convex; costal angles reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segments (Fig. 260); hemelytral membranes hyaline. Connexiva narrowly exposed, stramineous; posterolateral angles of segments piceous. Ventral surface pale yellowish brown; punctures concolorous. Rostrum stramineous, segment four black on apical half, reaching to near posterior margin of third (second visible) abdominal stemite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae stramineous to pale brown. Postspiracular black spots absent; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view slightly convex; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles deeply excavated; concavity resulting from excavations in basal plates nearly as long as wide, with lateral sides nearly parallel (Fig. 262); surface of basal plates distinctly rugose, area near excavation fuscous. Sclerotized rod relatively elongate, not at all swollen subapically; dilation of spermatheca single, but abruptly narrowed for distal two-thirds of length of sclerotized rod (Fig. 263); spermathecal duct moderately swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 264). Male unknown. Measurements. Total length 8.36; total width 5.41; medial length of pronotum 1.73. Medial length of scutellum 3.50; basal width 3.20; width at distal end of frena 1.21. Length of head 1.70; width 2.12. Length of segments 1 - 5 of antennae 0.49, 0.83, 0.99, 1.18, and 1.25, respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.32, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCFAA625DD9F8A7FE92F965.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ' t labeled " Peru. Dpto. La Libertad Cumpang. above Uctubamba. 2625 M. 13 X 1979. L. J. Barkley. " Deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.). No paratypes.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCFAA625DD9F8A7FE92F965.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCFAA625DD9F8A7FE92F965.taxon	discussion	Comments. Although several species of Thyanta are known to have the posteromesial angle of the basal plates weakly emarginate, only three have this angle deeply emarginate. The resulting concavity in the basal plates of T. vadosa is much more shallow and the sides are divergent; both T. emarginata and T. excavata have the concavity deeper, with the sides nearly parallel. Thyanta emarginata differs from T. excavata by having the resulting concavity nearly as long as wide, and by the distinctly rugose surfaces of the basal plates, which are weakly rugose in T. excavata. Thyanta emarginata further differs from both T. vadosa and T. excavata by the structure of the spermatheca. The sclerotized rod in T. emarginata is not swollen subapically as it is in T. vadosa and T. excavata. The nonswollen sclerotized rod is a character that T. emarginata shares only with T. hamulata, T. brasiliensis, and T. boliviensis. None of these three species have the basal plates excavated.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCFAA625DD9F8A7FE92F965.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the distinctly emarginate posteromesial angles of the basal plates.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC9AA605DA4F88CFDE1FD8D.taxon	description	Figs. 265 - 269, Map 3 Description. Dorsal surface glossy, pale to medium green with reddish-purple transhumeral band, sometimes with reddish-purple coloration on dorsal surface of head, on apex of scutellum, and on apex of coria; punctures concolorous with surface. Apex of head evenly rounded, outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 266). Antennae pale reddish-green, distal two segments slightly darker. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view nearly straight; humeral angles obtusely rounded, protruding only slightly beyond margin of adjacent coria (Fig. 265). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra uniformly and shallowly punctate; posterior margins nearly straight; costal angles narrowly rounded to angulate, extending to beyond middle of penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline, lacking brown flecks. Connexiva narrowly exposed, pale green; posterolateral angles of segments minutely marked with black. Ventral surface glossy, pale yellow to pale green; punctures concolorous with surface; rostrum pale brown with dark brown markings, apical half of segment 4 piceous, reaching onto base of third (second visible) abdominal stemite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae pale green. Postspiracular black spots absent; posterolateral angles of abdominal segments minutely marked with black. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view nearly straight; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angle of each basal plate distinctly excavated; concavity resulting from excavations in basal plates wider than long, with lateral sides parallel or slightly convergent apically (Fig. 267); surface ofbasal plates weakly rugose. Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, abruptly narrowed apically (Fig. 268). Spermathecal duct only slightly swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 269). Male unknown. Measurements. Total length 8.52 - 8.99 (8.99); total width 5.13 - 5.68 (5.68); medial length of pronotum 1.66 - 1.89 (1.89). Medial length of scutellum 3.53 - 3.59 (3.59); basal width 3.20 - 3.42 (3.42); width at distal end offrena 1.21 (1.21). Length ofhead 1.68 - 1.72 (1.72); width 2.14 - 2.21 (2.21). Length of segments 1 - 5 of antennae 0.40 (0.40), 0.85 - 0.88 (0.85), 0.92 - 1.09 (1.09), 1. 10, and 1.14, respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.31 - 1.44 (1.44), 0.78 - 0.92 (0.92), and 0.81 - 0.86 (0.86). respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC9AA605DA4F88CFDE1FD8D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ' i' labeled (a) " COLOMBIA: Dept. Magdalena, Socorpa Mission, Sierra de Perija, m. VIII- 5 - 25 - 1968 " (b) " Borys Malkin Collector. " Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (New York). Paratype. l ' i'. (a) " Venezuela - AR El Limon 450 m l-VI- 1965 " (b) " Col. E. Osuna " (c) " Venezuela-Inst Zool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ, Central " (' i' IZA).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC9AA605DA4F88CFDE1FD8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern South America (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC9AA605DA4F88CFDE1FD8D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Of the three species of Thyanta with distinctly excavated basal plates, T. excavata can be identified by the wider than long concavity in the basal plates which has the lateral sides parallel or slightly convergent; and by the weakly rugose surface of the basal plates.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCBAA6E5DBEFBF6FA34F60D.taxon	description	Figs. 270 - 284, Map 3 Description. Ovate; dorsal surface green to pale brown; some interstitial areas of pronotum, scutellum, and elytra pale yellow; sometimes marked with reddish-purple between humeral angles, on apex of scutellum, and on tylus and vertex of head. Punctures green to pale brown. Apex ofhead arcuately rounded; outerjugal margins sinuous, subparallel formiddle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 271); vertex convex. Antennae pale green to brown, apical portions of distal 3 segments reddish to dark brown. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view straight to slightly concave; humeral angles rounded to angulate, often projecting beyond base ofadjacent coria (Fig. 270). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Punctation becoming sparse medially, central portion of pronotal disc subcalloused. Posterior third of pronotum often darker than rest of pronotum. Basal disc of scutellum tumid. Hemelytra glossy, punctures shallow, uniformly distributed; costal angles narrowly rounded to angulate, reaching to middle of penultimate connexival segments. Membranes hyaline, with a few obsolescent brown flecks distally. Connexiva narrowly exposed, green to pale brown, posterolateral angles of segments piceous. Venter pale yellow to green; punctures concolorous. Femora and tibiae pale brown to green, tarsal segments and apex of each tibia darker. Rostrum green to pale brown, distal half of segment 4 black, reaching onto base of abdomen. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Postspiracular black spots lacking (except in brown form); posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites marked with piceous, sometimes only minutely so. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angle of each basal plate broadly and shallowly emarginate, lateral sides of concavity resulting from excavations in basal plates divergent, not parallel (Fig. 282). Distal end of sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 283); spermathecal duct moderately swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 284). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly U-shaped, medial portion straight to slightly convex (Fig. 278); chinlike protuberance appearing relatively narrow in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 278, 279); pygophore deeply emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 281). Each paramere with concave surface oriented mediad; from ectal view, apex angling gently mesad (Fig. 274); from medial view, apex acutely angulate, straight or bending slightly ventrad (Fig. 272); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface ovoid (Fig. 273). Each lateral conjunctival lobe ofaedeagus without sclerotized diverticula (Fig. 277); dorsomedial conjunctival lobe weakly developed (Fig. 276); median penial lobes spatulate (Fig. 275). Measurements. Total length 7.57 - 10.17 (8.04); total width 4.73 - 6.15 (5.05); medial length of pronotum l. 60 - 1.88 (l. 66). Medial length of scutellum 3.15 - 4.08 (3.42); basal width 2.98 - 3.75 (3.20); width at distal end offrena 1.14 - 1.32 (1.18). Length ofhead 1.59 - 1.86 (l. 64); width 2.12 - 2.39 (2.21). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.44 - 0.52 (0.44), 0.81 -- 0.96 (0.85), 0.96 - 1.14 (1.07), 1.14 - 1.25 (1.14), and l. 07 - 1.18 (1.07), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum l. 21 - 1.44 (1.29), 0.74 - 0.88 (0. 77), and 0.70 -- 0.81 (0. 74), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCBAA6E5DBEFBF6FA34F60D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. & labeled (a) " Santa Margarita Hill, TRINIDAD May, 1959 " (b) " Taken at light. " Deposited in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada. Paratypes. 5 &&, 522. " Trinidad, W. I. Sept. 58 - June 59 " (& CNC); (a) " Bejucal, Trinidad, BWI, 24 Oct. 1945 " (b) " E. McC. Callan Collector " (c) " on inflorescences of Cordia macrostachya " (& USNM); (a) " Trinidad, 8 II ' 52, F. Schrader, &, 776 " (b) " Thyanta pseudocasta (Bit.) cp. with TYPE, det. Ruckes " (& AMNH); " TOBAGO: W. I. 17 - 19 July 1964 J. M. Capriles " (& USNM); (a) " TRINIDAD: CuREPE, SANTA MARGARITA CIRCULAR Ro. 5 - III- 76 F. D. BENNETT BLACKLIGHT TRAP " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (& USNM); TRINIDAD: Curepe, Santa Margarita Circular Rd. III- 19 - 75 - X- 1971 F. D. Bennett, Blacklight trap " (222 ARH); (a) " St. Augustine, Trinidad, BWI, Sept. 15, 1944 " (b) " I. E. Kirby Coll. " (c) " I. CT. A. 12953 " (2 USNM); (a) " Trinidad, 16 I ' 52, F. Schrader, 702 " (b) " Thyanta maculata (Fabr.), det H. Ruckes " (2 AMNH); and " VENEWELA: Lara; Yacambu National Park l 3 kmSE Sanare, 4800 feet, 4 - 7 III 1978, blacklight, cloud forest, J. B. Heppner " (2 USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCBAA6E5DBEFBF6FA34F60D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCBAA6E5DBEFBF6FA34F60D.taxon	discussion	Comments. The shape of the emargination in the posteromesial angle of each basal plate of the female is distinctive. Thyanta emarginata and T. excavata both have the posteromesial angles of the basal plates deeply emarginate, but the sides of the resulting concavity are nearly parallel, not divergent as in T. vadosa. The male genitalia are also distinctive. Thyanta vadosa is the only species with the apex of each paramere not only acutely angulate (almost acuminate) but also straight or bending slightly ventrad. All other species in the subgenus Argosoma that have the apex of each paramere acute to acuminate also have the apex bending dorsad.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFCBAA6E5DBEFBF6FA34F60D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Vadosa is the Latin word for shallow. This species is named for the distinct but shallow excavation of the posteromesial angle of each basal plate.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC5AA6D5DB2F760FAC1FD38.taxon	description	Figs. 285 - 299, Map l Description. Medium to large; dorsal surface pale green to pale brown, female specimens usually with reddish transhumeral markings in form of oblong spot on each side of middle and smaller spot near apex of each humeral angle, sometimes apex of scutellum also reddish; punctures usually concolorous with surface. Apex of head narrowly rounded; outer jugal margins not parallel (Fig. 286). Antennae pale green to pale brown, sometimes distal portions of last three segments darker. Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles narrowly rounded, almost angulate, protruding beyond base of adjacent coria by one-halfwidth ofeye or less (Fig. 285); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra shallowly and uniformly punctate; posterior margins straight to slightly convex; posterolateral angles narrowly rounded, ending above penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline, lacking distal brown flecks. Connexiva usually narrowly exposed; incisures usually minutely tipped with black. Ventral surface pale yellowish-green to brown; punctures concolorous with surface. Rostrum green to pale brown, apical half of segment 4 piceous; reaching onto third (second visible) abdominal stemite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae green to brown; tarsi and distal portions oftibiae sometimes darker. Postspiracular black spots lacking; posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites piceous. Mesia! margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angles slightly emarginate (Fig. 297). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. 298). Spermathecal duct moderately swollen below proximal flange, without coiling from swollen area to sclerotized rod (Fig. 299). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly and shallowly U-shaped, medial portion straight to slightly concave, sinuous (Fig. 293); blunt, chin-like protuberance prominent in ventral view (Fig. 294); posterior margin broadly U-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 295); pygophore concave in lateral view (Fig. 296). Concave surface of each paramere oriented more dorsad than mediad; in medial view apex short, rounded, distinctly bent dorsad (Fig. 287); in ectal view, apex bluntly rounded (Fig. 289); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface ovoid (Fig. 288). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe ofaedeagus with 1 - 2 narrowly rounded diverticula (Fig. 292); dorsomedial lobe lacking (Fig. 291); median penial lobes and penisfilum relatively small, obscured by conjunctiva! membranes (Fig. 290). Measurements. Total length 6.78 - 8.75 (6.75); total width 4.57 - 5.83 (4.57); medial length of pronotum 1.50 - 1.73 (1.50). Medial length of scutellum 2.94 - 3.61 (2.94); basal width 2.80 - 3.53 (2.80); width at distal end of frena 0.96 - 1.25 (0.96). Length ofhead 1.46 - 1.68 (1.46); width 1.88 - 2.23 (1.88). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.35 - 0.44 (0.44), 0.75 - 0.96 (0.86), 0.77 - 0.99 (0.77), 0.96 - 1.10 (0.96), and 0.96 - 1.10 (0.96), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.14 - 1.32 (1.18), 0.77 - 0.88 (0. 77), and 0.74 - 0.81 (0. 74), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC5AA6D5DB2F760FAC1FD38.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 5 labeled (a) " El Limon AR VENEZUELA 450 m. 31 - V- 57 " (b) " F. Fernandez Y., C. J. Rosales Cols. " (c) " Venezuela-Inst. Zool. Agricola­Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central. " Deposited in the Universidade Central de Venezuela (Maracay). Paratypes. 655, 11 ~~ - Labeled same as holotype (5 ' 3 ' 3 / 3 ~~ IZA); (a) " Mariara Venezuela, Carabobo 460 m. 12 - 11 - 1967 " (b) " Trampa de luz " (c) " L. Femandez S. col. " (d) " Venezuela-Inst. Zool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central " (~ IZA); (a) " Galeras del Pao COJEDES Venezuela 26 - IV- 1963 " (b) " C. J. RosalesA. Perez " (c) " Venezuela-Inst. Zool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central " (~ IZA); " VENEZUELA: Aragua 2 kmN OcumareDeLa Costa, 21 - 22 - VI- 1976 A. S. Menke & D. Vincent " (2 USNM); (a) " Venezuela-Barinas. Reserva Forestal-Ticoporo. 230 m 3 - 1 0 - IV- 66 " (b) " F. Fernandez. Y Luis. J. July " (c) " Venezuela-InstZool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central " (322 IZA); " RioFrio Colombia S. A. 2 - VIl- 1926 George Salt " (2 USNM); (a) " El Sombrero Cenarico, Yenz. 29 - IV 1953 " (b) " Col. J. Requena " (c) " Venezuela­Inst Zool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central " (2 IZA); and " VENEWELA: Zulia Carrasquero 29 - 30 May 1976 A. S. Menkee & D. Vincent " (<3 USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC5AA6D5DB2F760FAC1FD38.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern South America (Map 1).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC5AA6D5DB2F760FAC1FD38.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some female specimens of this species closely resemble maculate individuals of the Central American species T. (A.) maculata (F.). The male genitalia are distinctive, as no other congener has the apex of each paramere short, rounded, and curving dorsad in medial view as in this species.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC5AA6D5DB2F760FAC1FD38.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the distinctly curved apex of each paramere.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC6AA6B5DBDFC56F9A8FFB2.taxon	description	Figs. 300 - 307, Map 2 Description. Small to medium; dorsal surface pale yellowish-green, lacking all red or black markings; punctures slightly darker than surface, sparse everywhere except along anterior margin of pronotum. Apex of head narrowly rounded; outer jugal margins not quite parallel (Fig. 301). Antennae pale brown, distal 3 segments darker. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view almost straight, nearly devoid of punctures submarginally; humeral angles rounded, protruding only slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 300); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra shallowly and sparsely punctate; posterior margins slightly convex; costal angles narrowly rounded, reaching to near posterior margin of penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline with a few distal brown flecks. Connexiva usually narrowly exposed, incisures sometimes minutely marked with piceous. Ventral surface yellowish-brown; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites immaculate; postspiracular black spots lacking. Rostrum pale yellowish-green, apical half of segment 4 piceous, extending onto base of abdomen; femora and tibiae green to brown, tarsal segments sometimes darker. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Mesia} margins of basal plates in caudoventral view convex; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles shallowly emarginate (Fig. 305). Distal end of sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 306); spermathecal duct with small amount of swelling and coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 307). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view shallowly and sinuously V-shaped (Fig. 302); posteroventral surface only feebly produced into blunt, chin-like protuberance in ventral view (Fig. 303); emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 304). Concave surface of each paramere oriented dorsomediad; each paramere robust; in medial view apex broad, nearly angulate, not curving dorsad. Measurements. Total length 6.62 - 7.89 (6.62); total width 4.49 - 5.50 (4.49); medial length of pronotum 1.25 - 1.55 (1.25). Medial length of scutellum 2.86 - 3.31 (2.86); basal width 2.80 - 3.09 (2.80); width at distal end of frena 0.96 - 1.10 (0.96). Length ofhead 1.46 - 1.59 (1.46); width 1.94 - 2.12 (1.94). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.37 (0.37), 0. 74 - 0.79 (0.74), 0.88 - 0.92 (0.92), 0.96 - 0.98 (0.96), and 0.92 - 0.96 (0.92), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum l. 18 - 1.21 (l. 18), 0.70 - 0.72 (0.70), and 0.66 - 0.68 (0.66), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC6AA6B5DBDFC56F9A8FFB2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 5 labeled (a) " COLOMB Magdal. Santa Marta X- 8 - 71 GEBohart " (b) " Thyanta signoreti Ruckes LHR 74. " The holotype specimen is in poor condition having the abdomen partially loose from the rest of the body. Deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.). Paratypes. 15, 299. Labeled same as holotype except lacking (b) (9 DAR, 9 LHR); and (a) " AcariguaEst. Portuguesa Ven. VI- 81 " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (5 USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC6AA6B5DBDFC56F9A8FFB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia and Venezuela (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC6AA6B5DBDFC56F9A8FFB2.taxon	discussion	Comments. The form of the posterior pygophoral margin and the structure of the parameres are unique within the genus. The sparse overall punctation will also help identify this species. Due to the poor condition of the holotype, the male genitalia were not dissected, but the characters of the parameres are visible without dissection.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC6AA6B5DBDFC56F9A8FFB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the sinuously V-shaped posterior margin of the pygophore.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC0AA695D82FDCEF9A3FCB5.taxon	description	Description. Small to medium; dorsal surface pale green to testaceous, lacking all red and black markings; punctures usually concolorous with surface. Apex of head arcuately rounded; outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 309). Antennae pale brown, apical 3 segments sometimes reddish-brown. Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded, protruding only slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 308); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra shallowly and uniformly punctured; posterior margins slightly convex; costal angles narrowly rounded, reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline, usually with a few vague brown flecks distally. Connexiva narrowly exposed; incisures sometimes minutely marked with black. Ventral surface yellowish-green to brown; punctures usually concolorous with surface. Rostrum pale green to brown, apical half of segment 4 black; usually reaching onto third (second visible) abdominal segment. Femora and tibiae green to brown, sometimes tarsal segments darker. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Postspiracular black spots absent; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites usually immaculate, extreme tip sometimes black. Mesial margins ofbasal plates nearly straight; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles rounded. Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 320); spermathecal duct below proximal flange with only slight amount of swelling or coiling (Fig. 321). Posterior margin of pygophore shallowly and broadly U-shaped, medial portion straight to slightly convex in caudal view (Fig. 316); posterolateral angles prominent in ventral and lateral views (Figs. 31 7, 319); blunt, chinlike protuberance on posteroventral surface relatively small, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 318). Each paramere in ectal view relatively robust, apex obtuse (Fig. 312); in medial view apex rounded, curving only slightly dorsad, concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad (Fig. 310); distinct obtuse protuberance on shaft; roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface circular or triangular (Fig. 311). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with 1 - 2 nonsclerotized diverticula (Fig. 315); dorsomedial lobe apparently lacking (Fig. 314); penisfilum and median penial lobes nearly obscured by conjunctiva! membrane (Fig. 313). Measurements. Total length 6.86 - 7.73 (6.86); total width 4.42 - 5.20 (4.42); medial length ofpronotum 1.36 - 1.62 (1.47). Medial length ofscutellum 2.96 - 3.15 (2.98); basal width 2.80 - 3.09 (2.83); width at distal end of frena 1.03 - 1.10 (1.03). Length ofhead 1.46 - 1.59 (1.46); width 1.92 - 2.13 (l. 92). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.37 - 0.42 (0.37), 0.70 - 0.92 (0.70), 0.83 - 1.03 (0.92), 1.05 - 1.20 (1.05), and 1.03 - 1.18 (1.03), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.12 - 1.23 (1.12), 0.68 - 0.79 (0.68), and 0. 72 - 0.77 (0. 72), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC0AA695D82FDCEF9A3FCB5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 縠 labeled (a) " Villa Vieja Colombia 1 l-IV- 45 " (b) " Thyanta nitidula Ruckes det. H. Ruckes. " Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco). Paratypes. 455, 1 ~. " Magdalena, Colom. ll 0 l 0 ' N, 76 ° 08 ' W Apr. 1973, 800 MM. Madison, Coll. " (255 LHR); (a) " Trujillo Trujillo, Yenz. 12 - VII- 1964 " (b) " E. Osuna M. Gelbes " (c) " Venezuela-Inst. Zool. Agricola-Fae, Agronomia Univ. Central " (c 3 IZA); (a) " El Limon Ar. VENEZUELA 450 m. 30 - V- 65 " (b) " F. Fernandez Y. Col. " (c) " Venezuela-Inst. Zool. Agricola-Fae, Agronomia Univ. Central " (5 IZA); and (a) " Turmero; AR Venezuela 466 m 22. V. 53 " (b) " col. J. Requena " (c) " Venezuela-Inst Zool. Agricola-Fac. Agronomia Univ. Central " (~ IZA).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC0AA695D82FDCEF9A3FCB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern South America (Map 3).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC0AA695D82FDCEF9A3FCB5.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is related to T. sinuata and T. xerotica, but can be recognized by the structure of the male genitalia. Thyanta obtusa has the posterior margin of the pygophore broadly U-shaped in caudal view, while in T. sinuata it is broadly V-shaped. Thyanta obtusa can be separated from T. xerotica by the obtuse protuberance on the shaft of each paramere, which is reduced or absent in T. xerotica. Etymology. Named for the obtuse apex of each paramere when viewed medially.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC0AA695D82FDCEF9A3FCB5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the obtuse apex of each paramere when viewed medially.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC2AA145DBDFCC8FA2EFFE3.taxon	description	Figs. 322 - 336, Map 2 Description. Medium to large; dorsal surface green to brown; often with reddish markings between humeral angles, on apex of scutellum, and sometimes on vertex of head and apices of coria; punctures usually concolorous with surface, sometimes brown. Outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to evenly rounded apex (Fig. 323). Antennae green to pale brown, distal 3 segments usually marked with dark brown or reddish-brown. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view straight to slightly concave; humeral angles rounded to nearly angulate, protruding only slightly beyond base of adjacent coria (Fig. 322); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra uniformly and densely punctate; posterior margins slightly convex; costal angles narrowly rounded to angulate, reaching beyond middle of penultimate connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline, sometimes with numerous brown flecks. Connexiva narrowly exposed; incisures usually marked with black. Ventral surface green to pale brown; punctures usually concolorous with surface; humeral angles often marked with black. Rostrum green to brown, apical half of segment 4 piceous, apex reaching beyond middle of third (second visible) abdominal segment. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae green to brown, tarsal segments and apex of each tibia often darker. Postspiracular black spots absent, sometimes vague in brown form; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex, separated basally; posterior margins sinuous, nearly straight; posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. 334). Sclerotized rod relatively short, somewhat swollen subapically, distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. 335); spermathecal duct only slightly swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 336). Medial portion of posterior pygophoral margin in caudal view usually concave, continuing line of lateral margins, giving posterior margin a smoothly arcuate form, medial portion sometimes straight and posterior margin more U-shaped (Fig. 330); pygophore emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 333); posterolateral angles moderately prominent in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 331, 332). Each paramere relatively robust, concave surface oriented dorsomediad, apex rounded in medial view (Fig. 324), angulate in ectal view (Fig. 326), roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface localized, ovoid (Fig. 325). Each lateral conjunctival lobe of aedeagus with 2 diverticula (Fig. 329); dorsomedial conjunctival lobe prominent (Fig. 328); penisfilum relatively small (Fig. 328). Measurements. Totallength 6.62 - 10.25 (7.41); total width 4.34 - 6.47 (4. 73); medial length ofpronotum 1.40 - 1.88 (1.49). Medial length ofscutellum 2.72 - 4.25 (3.13); basal width 2.61 - 4.08 (2.94); width at distal end offrena 0.94 - 1.32 (1.05). Length ofhead 1.55 - 2.07 (1.68); width 1.99 - 2.65 (2.13). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.40 - 0.52 (0.44), 0. 71 - 1.10 (0.88), 1.07 - 1.42 (1.14), 1.18 - 1.49 (1.47), and 1.14 - 1.38 (1.31), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.25 - 1.69 (1.42), 0.70 - 0.92 (0.77), and 0.77 - 0.99 (0.77), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC2AA145DBDFCC8FA2EFFE3.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. 5 labeled " Guayaquil Ecua 1940 CLFagen. " Deposited in the U. S. National Museum ofNatural History (Washington, D. C.). Paratypes. 2855 and 2522. " Ecuador MANABI SAN CLEMENTE VII 84 Legit: F. CUESTA " (5 222 QCAZ); " ECUADOR, 82 Km. W. Guayaquil Ricklefs & Austin 8 March 77 " (255 DBT); (a) " Guayaquil Ecuador RL Castillo " (b) " Thyanta nitidula Ruckes det H. Ruckes " (2 CU); (a) " ECUADOR La Toma 1200 m. W. Loja 18,19 - XI- 1970 Coll: L. E. Pena " (b) " 33 " (5 DAR); (a) " Peru S. A. I. 23 1936 E. G. Smyth " (b) J. R. de la Torre-Bueno Collection K. U. " (455 n 2 SMEK), except 3 M labeled " I. 25 1936, " 15 labeled " III. 14 1937, " 12 labeled " III. 15 1937, " and 222 labeled " 111.16 1937 ''; (a) " Lima, Peru Feb. 2, 1939 Carl J. Drake " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (5 USNM); " Peru. Dpto. Amazonas 43 K. ne. Chikiaco 1050 ' 6 - 10 XI 1978 L. J. Barkley " (5 LHR); (a) " PERU: Dept. Cajamarca Prov. Jaen. Pucara. Rio Huancabamba, 900 m 14 - 18.1.1964 " (b) " P. C. Hutchison and J. K. Wright Collectors " (5 422 CAS), except 15 labeled " 10 - 13.1.1964 "; " PERU: Dpto. Lambayeque Cerro la Vieja, 7 km. S ofMotupe, el. 100 m. 2 - l 7 - VII- 1981 L. J. Barkley, collector " (5 LHR); (a) " 10 Km. S. ofChiclayo, PERU III- 21 - 51 " (b) " Ross and Michelbacher Collectors " (2 CAS); " PERU: Dpto. Lambayeque 12 km. N of Olmos el. 90 m. l-VII- 81 L. J. Barkley, coll. " (255 LHR); (a) " PERU: Dept. & Prov. Lambayeque. 18 km. W. of Olmos. Alt. 520 m 30 - IX- 1964 " (b) " P. C. Hutchison & J. K. Wright At Coleman lantern " (5 2 CAS); (a) " PERU: 94 mi. E. of Olmos, Lambayeque 1 - 18 - 1955 " (b) " E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross collectors " (5 CAS); (a) " PERU: Lambayeque. Roadside veg. 1 mile S. E. of town. 20. viii. 1971. " (b) " Fertile irrigated region in arid coastal desert " (c) " P. S. & H. L. Broomfield B. M. 1971 - 486 (255 BMNH); (a) " Chaclacayo Lima, Peru 750 Meters " (b) " Acc. 38901 E. Escomel " (2 AMNH); (a) " LIMA PERU 1959 F. Cisneros Col. " (b) " UA 696 - 67 " (5 DAR); (a) " Lima Peru VI- 1 - 39 Weyrauch 91 " (b) " Thyanta patruelis Stal det H. Ruckes " (2 USNM); " PERU: Dpto. Piura Parinas, 7 km. N, 15 km. E Talara 18 - IX- 1981 L. J. Barkley, coll. " (5 LHR); (a) " PERU: Dept. Piura, Prov. Ayabaca. 18 km above Puente Tandopa (RioQuir 6 z) " (b) " Alt. 1000 - 1700 m. 23 - IX- 1964 P. C. Hutchison & J. K. Wright " (2 CAS); " Tamarugal Refresco Enero 16, 1986 D. Bobadilla " (455 UTAC); " Tamarugal Enero 30, 86 D. Bobadilla " (5 UTAC); " Tamarugal Enero 30, 86 A. Gallardo " (2 UTAC); (a) " 4 " (b) " PAMPA-TAMARUGAL- 16 - 07 - 86 D. BOBADILLA colector " (5 IIAS); " CHILE-Arica 19.09.82 Trampa tablero Col. C. Valdes " (2 IIAS); (a) " 5 " (b) " TARAPACA CICA. AZAPA LUZ-NEGRA 26 - 27 - 1 - 70 " (222 IIAS), except 12 labeled (a) " 6 "; (a) " Chile, 194 縠 M. L. Parker " (b) " CJ Drake Coll. 1956 " (255 2 USNM); and " CHILE. Pica 23.02.84 Vegetaci 6 n Col. E. Prado " (2 IIAS).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC2AA145DBDFCC8FA2EFFE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Coastal desert areas from Ecuador to northern Chile (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC2AA145DBDFCC8FA2EFFE3.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the form of the posterior margin of the pygophore and by the structure of the parameres. The posterior margin of the pygophore in caudal view is usually arcuately U-shaped. Th _ vanta xerotica is the only species of Thyanta with the apex of each paramere distinctly rounded in medial view and usually lacking the obtuse protuberance on the shaft.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFC2AA145DBDFCC8FA2EFFE3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the xerophytic habitat in which this species lives.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBFAA125DB1FE18FA76FD45.taxon	description	Figs. 337 - 351, Map 2 Description. Dorsal surface pale green; posterior third of pronotum dark green, margin between pale and dark areas irregular; medial longitudinal band on scutellum yellowish-green; punctures reddish-brown. Apex ofhead broadly rounded; outer jugal margins nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 338). Antennae pale reddish-brown, distal two and one-half segments darker. Anterolateral margins of pronotum weakly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles narrowly rounded, almost angulate, produced beyond margin of adjacent coria by about one-half width of eye, piceous apically (Fig. 337). Mesia! margin of each pronotal cicatrice marked with fuscous or piceous, sometimes only vaguely so. Punctures on pronotum crowded anterior to cicatrices, sparse along anterolateral margins. Hemelytra uniformly and shallowly punctate, punctures slightly more dense on exocorium than corium; posterior margins nearly straight; posterolateral angles narrowly rounded, extending nearly to posterior margin of penultimate connexival segments. Hemelytral membranes hyaline with numerous brown flecks; inner basal angle distinctly infuscated (Fig. 337). Connexiva pale green; posterolateral angles piceous. Ventral surface yellowish-green; punctures concolorous to reddish-brown. Rostrum pale yellowish brown, apical half of segment 4 black, reaching onto base of third (second visible) abdominal sternite. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae pale yellowish-green; vague brown spot present on superior surface of each femur at distal third. Postspiracular black spots absent. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view slightly convex, separated basally; posterior margins slightly concave; posteromesial angles slightly emarginate, fuscous (Fig. 349). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, abruptly narrowed apically (Fig. 350); spermathecal duct moderately swollen below proximal flange, length of duct from proximal flange to sclerotized rod short relative to congenors (Fig. 351). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and sinuously U-shaped in caudal view, medial portion slightly sinuous (Fig. 345); posteroventral surface only weakly produced into blunt, chin-like protuberance, surface between protuberance and posterior margin appearing only slightly depressed in lateral view (Fig. 348); posterior margin slightly concave in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 346, 347). Apex of each paramere narrowly rounded in medial view, apex bent dorsad (Fig. 339); narrowly rounded in ectal view (Fig. 341); roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface ovoid, localized (Fig. 340). Aedeagus with conjunctiva! lobes large, each lateral lobe with 2 obtuse diverticula (Fig. 344); median penial lobes and penisfilum relatively small, obscured by conjunctiva! lobes (Fig. 342); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe relatively large (Fig. 343). Measurements. Total length 7.41 - 9.46 (7.41); total width 5.20 - 5.83 (5.20); medial length of pronotum l. 66 - 1.88 (l. 66). Medial length of scutellum 3.39 - 3.90 (3.39); basal width 3.31 - 3.68 (3.31); width at distal end of frena 1.10 - 1.40 (1.10). Length ofhead 1.46 - 1.64 (1.46); width 2.08 - 2.21 (2.08). Length of segments 1 - 5 of antennae 0.39 -- 0.44 (0.39), 0.77 -- 0.88 (0.77), 1.03 - 1.10 (1.03), 1.10 - 1.29 (1.10), and 1.10 - 1.21 (1.10), respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.23 - 1.29 (1.23), 0.74 -- 0.77 (0.77), and 0.74 -- 0.75 (0.75), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBFAA125DB1FE18FA76FD45.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. - 3 labeled " ECUADOR: Pichincha Prov. Tinalandia; 12 km E Sto. Domingo de los Colorados. ca. 2,500 ft, 11 - 17 - V- 1986. J. E. Eger, coll. " Deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (Gainesville). Paratype. 1 ~. Labeled same as holotype (~ FSCA).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBFAA125DB1FE18FA76FD45.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBFAA125DB1FE18FA76FD45.taxon	discussion	Comments. No other species of Thyanta has the inner basal angle ofeach hemelytral membrane distinctly infuscated.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBFAA125DB1FE18FA76FD45.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the infuscated basal angle of the hemelytral membrane.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	description	Figs. 352 - 356, Map 2 Description. Dorsal surface pale green, head and anterior disc of pronotum yellowish-brown, exocorium stramineous, apex of scutellum and apex of each humeral angle reddish; punctures pale brown. Apex of head evenly rounded; outer jugal margins not quite parallel (Fig. 353); surface transversely tumid, densely and evenly punctate. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view concave; humeral angles acutely produced, nearly spinose, protruding beyond base of adjacent coria by more than width of eye (Fig. 352). Pronotal disc uniformly punctate except punctures somewhat crowded anterior to cicatrices; pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Hemelytra rather sparsely punctate especially on distal fourth; posterior margins nearly straight; costal angles acute, reaching to anterior margin of last connexival segments; hemelytral membranes hyaline with a few faint brown flecks distally. Connexiva not exposed, pale yellow, posterolateral angles of segments black. Ventral surface stramineous with greenish hues on head and propleura; punctures concolorous with surface. Rostrum stramineous with brown markings, distal half of segment 4 piceous, reaching onto base of abdomen. Apex ofhumeral angles reddish. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Femora and tibiae stramineous, tarsal segments and apex of each tibia brownish. Postspiracular spots vague, green; posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous. Mesial margins ofbasal plates in caudoventral view convex, separated basally and distally; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles brown, weakly emarginate (Fig. 354); surface of each basal plate punctate on mesial half. Distal end ofsclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 355); only small amount of swelling and coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 356). Male unknown. Measurements. Total length 7.57 - 8.28 (8.28); total width 5.68 - 5.96 (5.96); medial length ofpronotum 1.50 - 1.81 (1.81). Medial length ofscutellum 3.46 - 3.64 (3.64); basal width 3.24 - 3.31 (3.31); width at distal end offrena 1.18 - 1.32 (1.32). Length ofhead 1.55 - 1.59 (1.59); width 1.99 - 2.08 (2.08). Length of segments 1 - 5 ofantennae 0.40, 0.78 -- 0.79 (0.78), 0.92 - 1.07 (1.07), 1.05 - 1.14 (1.14), and 1.10, respectively. Length of segments 2 - 4 of rostrum 1.23 - 1.29 (1.29), 0.70 -- 0.75 (0.70), and 0.68 - 0. 75 (0. 75), respectively.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♀ labeled (a) " Buenaventura Colombia ' 44 C. L. Fagan " (b) " Thyanta acutangula Jen-Har. det. H. Ruckes. " Deposited in the American Museum ofNatural History (New York).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	materials_examined	Paratype. 1 ♀. " ECUADOR: NAPO PROVINCE, LIMONCOCHA, ON RIO NAPO 13 - XI- 1973 BOYCE A. DRUMMOND, III BLACKLIGHT TRAP " (♀ USNM).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia and Ecuador (Map 2).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	discussion	Comments. The acutely produced humeral angles and the stramineous-colored exocorium will easily identify this species within the subgenus Argosoma. Etymology. Named for the stramineus-colored exocorium.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB9AA135DA2FC99FB27F6E9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the stramineus-colored exocorium.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	description	Figs. 357 - 363	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small; ovate; distinctly convex. Green to testaceous often marked with dark rubescence on scutellum, hemelytra, and posterior disc of pronotum. Scutellum with medial longitudinal band from base to near apex nearly impunctate, subcalloused, cream-colored.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	description	Apex of head broadly rounded; outer jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 358); dorsal surface ofhead evenly but distinctly convex transversely. Anterolateral margins of pronotum concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded (Fig. 357). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins sinuously convex; posteromesial angles truncated (Fig. 361). Distal end ofsclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 362); spermathecal duct slightly swollen below proximal flange (Fig. 363). Posterior margin of pygophore sinuously U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 359); concave in lateral view. Apex of each paramere spinose in ectal view; narrowly rounded in medial view; dorsomedial concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad; roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	type_taxon	Types. Van Duzee (1933) described T. similis from 2 ' i! ' i! both collected in the Galapagos Islands. Both specimens were examined and are conserved in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco).	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Five specimens collected between 22 January and 24 April; deposited in CAS, DAR, SMEK. ECUADOR: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Floreana Island: Post Office Bay. Rabida Island. Santa Cruz Island: Academy Bay.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB8AA115E46F703FAB7FC1F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Thyanta similis and T. setigera are the only two species of Thyanta known to occur in the Galapagos Islands. These two species are easily separated by the shape of the humeral angles, which are rounded in T. similis and angulate to spinose in T. setigera. Thyanta similis is the only species in the genus that has the medial portion of the scutellum nearly impunctate and subcalloused.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBAAA115DA5FD70FB4CF812.taxon	discussion	The type specimen of Pentatoma chilense is no longer in existence, and Herrich­Schiiffer's (1853) original description is not adequate to identify this species. Both Signoret (1863) and Reed (1898) state that the characters given are not sufficient to determine if it is a true Pentatoma. Kirkaldy (1909) transferred this species to the genus Thyanta, but he put a question mark beside the name. In his introductory paragraph to the key to Thyanta species, Jensen-Haarup (1928) stated that the key included all known species of Thyanta except several " dubious " species, one of them T. chilensis. Herrich-Schaffer's description of P. chilensis does not match any ofthe three species of Thyanta known to occur in Chile: T. juvenca, T. rubicunda, and T. xerotica. Thyanta xerotica is relatively uncommon and occurs only in the coastal desert areas of northern Chile to Ecuador. Approximately equal numbers of T. juvenca and T. rubicunda in museums have been identified as T. chilensis. Due to the inadequacy of the original description, the lack of type material, and the confusion surrounding the name, T. chilensis should be considered a nomen dubium.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFBAAA1E5E65F96EFA12FFEF.taxon	discussion	Dallas (1851) described T. inconspicua without giving a type locality. Kirkaldy (1909) transferred the species to Thyanta, and renamed it T. immemor, without commenting on either the name change or the transfer to Thyanta. Jensen-Haarup (1928), evidently unaware of the name change, included T. inconspicua in his key to species, but the couplet is essentially a repeat of Dallas' original description and no locality is given. Although many of Dallas' type specimens still exist and are housed in the British Museum of Natural History, the type of T. inconspicua was not located. Dallas' original description is fairly detailed and contains several characters which would preclude this from being a species of Thyanta. Dallas described T. inconspicua as having six lines ofbrown punctures on the head and a red spot on the ventral surface of the abdomen. These characters have not been observed in any specimen of Thyanta. This species may be valid, but it is doubtful that it belongs in Thyanta.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB5AA1E5DCDFE01FCCAFDD2.taxon	discussion	Kuhlgatz (1903) described viridescens as a variety of T. humilis. Although his description is fairly detailed for its time, this taxon cannot be identified with any certainty. The type specimens may have been destroyed during World War I or II. Kuhlgatz listed the distribution of viridescens as being from Panama to Guayaquil, Ecuador. The present study has placed T. humilis as a junior synonym of T. patruelis, which occurs from central Brazil and southern Peru to Argentina. So, it is unlikely that viridescens is a subspecies of humilis (= patruelis). Thyanta humilis viridescens should be considered a nomen dubium.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
12048791FFB5AA1E5EEDFBF3FD0BFB9F.taxon	discussion	Westwood (1837) described Pentatoma vitrea from " Brasilia?. " The description is very short and not adequate for accurate placement ofthis species. The type specimen, which is conserved in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University, England, was examined. It lacks the abdomen, and its condition is too poor to properly place this species within Thyanta. In fact, it may actually be a species of the closely related genus Cyptocephala.	en	Rider, D. A., Chapin, J. B. (1991): Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1: 1-77
