identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A01879CD046027F5EC8D0C38FB1FECF.text	0A01879CD046027F5EC8D0C38FB1FECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrandrothrips Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Habrandrothrips gen. nov.</p><p>Generic definition. Macroptera or microptera. Head almost as long as wide, or a little longer, with a pair of postocular setae. Eyes moderately developed; ocelli rather small; interocellar and postocellar setae minute. Antenna 8-segmented; segment VIII not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII, these two segments forming a single segment; segments III with two (1+1), segment IV with two (1+1) or four (2+2) sense cones. Mouth cone rather long and pointed (Figs 12 &amp; 20); maxillary stylets rather wide apart, almost V-shaped, reaching postocular setae; maxillary bridge weak, situated a level of basal collar of head, about 0.3 times as wide as head. Prothoracic five pairs of major setae developed, but relatively short; notopleural suture complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna moderately developed; prospinasternum transverse, but reduced; mesopresternum reduced medially, with lateral small plates. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Fore legs stout; fore tarsus with a stout tooth (Figs 15 &amp; 22). Fore wings, if present, scarcely narrowed medially, with duplicated cilia. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae at least in macroptera. Tube about 0.5 times as long as head, tapering and straight-sided. Terminal setae longer than tube. Male structures unknown.</p><p>Type-species.  Habrandrothrips phuketanus sp. nov.</p><p>Comments. This genus is established for two bicolored species (Figs 6 &amp; 7),  H. phuketanus sp. nov. from southern Thailand and  H. sulawesianus sp. nov. from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both species are known only from females. The genus may be closely related to  Neandrothrips gen. nov., but can be distinguished in having antennal segments VII and VIII closely joined into a single segment outline (Figs 17 &amp; 24), the mouth cone slightly pointed (Figs 12 &amp; 20), and the mesopresternum strongly reduced medially (cf. Fig. 20) with a pair of lateral small triangles.  Leptandrothrips gen. nov. and  Xyphandrothrips gen. nov. also have the terminal two antennal segments closely joined (cf. Figs 30 &amp; 373), but have the mouth cone broadly rounded, the maxillary stylets long and rather close together (cf. Figs 25 &amp; 359), and the mesopresternum not so strongly reduced medially (cf. Figs 43 &amp; 393). Moreover,  Leptandrothrips has the fore tarsus unarmed (cf. Fig. 29). Interestingly, although the type-species,  phuketanus, has four major sense cones (2+2 +1) on the antennal segment IV, the other congener,  sulawesianus, has only two (1+1) sense cones on that segment (Table 2). This indicates that the sense cone formula can easily change in this group of phlaeothripine thrips. These two species were taken from dead leafy branches, but their feeding habits are uncertain. Moreover, this genus is not so closely related to  Mesandrothrips and  Xylaplothrips .</p><p>Key to  Habrandrothrips species</p><p>1. Antennal segment IV with four (2+2 +1) sense cones; tube largely brown, with extreme base somewhat paler (Fig. 16); S2 setae on tergite VIII expanded.................................................................  phuketanus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with two (1+1) sense cones; tube brownish at apical half, yellowish at basal half (Fig. 23); S2 setae on tergite VIII blunt or very weakly expanded, at least not distinctly expanded......................  sulawesianus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD046027F5EC8D0C38FB1FECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD044027F5EC8D5D88EF2F8E0.text	0A01879CD044027F5EC8D5D88EF2F8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrandrothrips phuketanus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Habrandrothrips phuketanus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 6, 11–17)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.4mm. Body bicolored dark brown and yellow (Fig. 6); head, thorax and tube dark brown, tube a little paler than head, with base somewhat yellowish; abdominal segments I–IX largely yellow. Fore femora dark brown, with apical one-third yellowish, mid femora brown, with apices somewhat paler; hind femora yellow; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I–III largely yellow, segment I and II scarcely tinged with brown; segment IV pale brown, with basal half yellowish; segments V–VIII brown to dark brown, gradually darkened distally, segment V with basal quarter yellowish. Distal three-fifths of fore wing shaded with brown, basal two-fifths pale. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 11) a little longer than wide, 1.11 times as long as wide, widest across cheeks; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, sculptured with transverse striae laterally. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes normal, 0.35 times as long as head. Posterior pair of ocelli slightly separated from eyes, 24µm apart from each other. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 94µm apart from each other, about 11–12µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 17) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII shorter than 0.6 times as long as segment VII; segments III shorter than IV, segment VII a little longer than IV; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary bridge about 0.3 times as wide as head. Pronotum 0.72 times as long as head, 1.59 times as wide as long, almost smooth; prothoracic aa shorter than am. Prospinasternum transversely oblong, 48µm wide; ferna far apart from each other; mesopresternum reduced medially, scarcely divided (Fig. 14). Mesonotal lateral setae expanded, 16–17µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 13) sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, shorter than 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 42µm apart from each other, 29–30µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 2–3 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae rather short, subequal in length, expanded. Pelta weak, hat-shaped, 1.46 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI and VIII expanded, VII sharply pointed, but much shorter than S2 on IX, 55µm long. Tergite IX S1 setae very weakly expanded, shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, longer than tube; intermediate setae almost half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 16) about 0.5 times as long as head, 1.56 times as long as wide; terminal setae 1.5–1.6 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1380 (distended). Head length 148, from anterior margin of eyes 136, width across eyes 130, maximum width across cheeks 133, minimum width across base 110; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae?20. Maxillary bridge width 40. Antenna total length 265, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 33 (22), 38 (26), 34 (23), 37 (21), 40 (18), 23 (13). Pronotum length 107, width 170. Setae on prothorax: am 15–17, aa less than 10, ml 12, pa 22–23, epim?20. Fore wing length 480. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 20, S2 20 –22, S3 17 –20. Pelta length 48, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1 52 –53, S2 88. Tube length 75, maximum width 48; terminal setae 110–120.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, Phuket, nr.  Tone Sai Waterfall, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, TN &amp; SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Phuket, southern Thailand, based on a unique macropterous female taken from dead leafy branches, and is closely related to  H. sulawesianus sp. nov., described below from Sulawesi, Indonesia. These two species are easily distinguished by the sense cone formula as the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD044027F5EC8D5D88EF2F8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD042027A5EC8D4D389EFFCBF.text	0A01879CD042027A5EC8D4D389EFFCBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habrandrothrips sulawesianus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Habrandrothrips sulawesianus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 7, 18–24)</p><p>Female (microptera).  Distended body length: about 1.4mm. Body bicolored brown and yellow (Fig. 7). Head and thorax dark brown; abdominal segments largely yellow, segments III – VII with lateral margins brownish, segments VIII and IX brownish yellow; tube pale brown (Fig. 23), with basal half yellowish. Fore femora brown, with anterior one-third yellowish (Fig. 22), mid femora pale brown, with anterior one-third yellow, hind femora yellow; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– III yellowish; segments IV – VIII pale brown to dark brown, gradually darkened distally, segments IV and V with bases yellowish. Major body setae yellowish. Head (Fig. 18) almost as long as wide, 1.03 times as long as wide; dorsal surface sculptured laterally and posteriorly with transverse striae, ocellar triangle weakly reticulate, almost smooth at middle. Cheeks weakly rounded, gradually constricted to base, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli small, almost as large as ommatidium; posterior pair separated from eyes, 32µm apart from each other. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; about 100µm apart from each other, about 8µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 24) about 2.0 times as long as head; segment VIII about 0.6 times as long as VII; segment III shorter than segment IV; segment VII a little longer than III; segments III and IV each with two (1+1) stout sense cones. Maxillary bridge narrower than one-third of head width, 0.27 times as wide as head. Pronotum 0.83 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long; almost smooth; prothoracic am and ml could not be measured in holotype, but possibly about 20µm long, expanded, pa and epim a little longer than am. Prospinasternum reduced, but wide, about 40µm; mesopresternum reduced medially, divided into two lateral small triangles (Fig. 20). Mesonotal lateral setae expanded, 17–18µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 19) weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, less than 15µm, 51µm apart from each other, 25µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta (Fig. 21) irregularly triangular, sculptured weakly, about 2.1 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites III – VII each with a pair of wing-retaining setae. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII short and pointed, much shorter than S2 on IX, VIII blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae bluntly pointed, shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, a little longer than tube; intermediate setae longer than half of S1. Tube 0.54 (Fig. 23) times as long as head, 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1380 (distended). Head length 148, from anterior margin of eyes 137, width across eyes 139, maximum width across cheeks 143, minimum width across base 122; eyes length 46; diameter of posterior ocelli 6–9; postocular setae about 25. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 295, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 34 (25), 40 (26), 38 (25), 37 (23), 38 (20), 23 (14). Pronotum length 123, width 185. Setae on prothorax: am 20, aa?, ml?, pa 23, epim?. Fore wing length 125. Pelta length 43, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 60 –62, S2 85–87. Tube length 80, maximum width 40; terminal setae 122.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: micropterous female, Indonesia, Sulawesi, nr. Rantepao,  Pedamaran, alt. about 1000m, on dead leaves and branches, 8.viii.1984, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from central Sulawesi, Indonesia, based on a unique micropterous female collected from dead leafy branches. The existence of these two species with very close relationships but completely different sense cone formulae is of considerable systematic significance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD042027A5EC8D4D389EFFCBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD041027B5EC8D7CE8FB1FD78.text	0A01879CD041027B5EC8D7CE8FB1FD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips gen. nov.</p><p>Generic definition. Macroptera or microptera. Head longer than wide (cf. Fig. 25), with a pair of postocular setae. Eyes moderately developed; ocelli rather small, often absent in micropterae; interocellar and postocellar setae minute. Antenna 8-segmented; segment VIII not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII, these two segments forming a single segment (cf. Fig. 32); segment III with two (1+1) or three (1+2), segment IV with two (1+1), three (1+2) or four (2+2) sense cones. Mouth cone short and rounded; maxillary stylets rather close together, sub-parallel at middle, reaching postocular setae; maxillary bridge distinct, but often weak, narrower than half of head width. Prothoracic five pairs of major setae developed; notopleural suture complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna moderately developed (cf. Fig. 27); prospinasternum well developed; mesopresternum transverse, reduced medially, often divided. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Fore tarsus unarmed (cf. Figs 45 &amp; 46), often with a very small apical tooth. Fore wings, if present, scarcely narrowed medially, with duplicated cilia. Abdominal tergite II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae at least in macroptera. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae finely pointed, much longer than tube. Tube usually longer than 0.5 times as long as head, tapering and straight-sided (cf. Fig. 30). Terminal setae longer than 1.5 times as long as tube. Males without allometric growth and abdominal sternite VIII without pore plate.</p><p>Type-species.  Leptandrothrips semiflavus (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>Comments. This genus may be related to the genus  Karnyothrips . The species usually have no fore tarsal tooth (cf. Figs 29 &amp; 37), but often have a very small apical tooth instead of lateral tooth. It can be distinguished by having antennal segments VII and VIII closely joined as a single segment outline (cf. Figs 32 &amp; 40), and the prothoracic anteromarginal setae well developed (cf. Fig. 25). Similar antennal segments are also found in  Habrandrothrips gen. nov. and  Xyphandrothrips gen. nov., but these two genera have the fore tarsus armed with a distinct lateral tooth. The sense cone formula is variable in this genus, antennal segment III with two or three, and segment IV with two, three or four sense cones (Table 2). Unfortunately, the feeding habitats of the species are uncertain, but most of the specimens were taken from dead plants and are possibly fungivorous.</p><p>Okajima (2006) described three species from both the temperate and subtropical regions of Japan under the genus  Apterygothrips . However, they are not closely related to the genus  Haplothrips, though  Apterygothrips may be more closely related to  Haplothrips rather than to both  Mesandrothrips and  Xylaplothrips . Moreover, the two terminal antennal segments are closely joined as a single segment, and in this character state they can clearly be distinguished from  Mesandrothrips and  Xylaplothrips . According to the original description (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish 1967) and to Pitkin (1976),  Apterygothrips fungosus, which was originally described under the genus  Xylaplothrips from India, is more similar to this genus rather than  Apterygothrips, but further study is needed.</p><p>Key to  Leptandrothrips species</p><p>1. Antennal segment IV with two (1+1) sense cones............................................................ 2</p><p>- Antennal segment IV with three (1+2) or (2+2) sense cones.................................................... 5</p><p>2. Antennal segment III brown, a little paler than segment IV.................................................... 3</p><p>- Antennal segment III yellow to brownish yellow, much paler than segment IV..................................... 4</p><p>3. Maxillary bridge much narrower than one-third of head width; ocelli absent in micropterae; tube about 0.65 times as long as head in female........................................................................ zelkobae comb. nov.</p><p>- Maxillary bridge about one-third of head width; ocelli present in micropterae, but small; tube about 0.6 times as long as head in female.............................................................................  nigrescens sp. nov.</p><p>4. All femora largely brown, almost as dark as head or a little paler, tibiae brownish yellow; mesopresternum divided into lateral small triangles........................................................................  robustus comb. nov.</p><p>- All femora largely yellow, much paler than head, tibiae yellow; mesopresternum transverse, not divided, narrowly boat-shaped.............................................................................  semiflavus comb. nov.</p><p>5. Antennal segments III and IV with two (1+1) and three (1+2) sense cones respectively................  indosinae sp. nov.</p><p>- Antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2) sense cones respectively...............  inexpectus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD041027B5EC8D7CE8FB1FD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD04002655EC8D7158E75FA12.text	0A01879CD04002655EC8D7158E75FA12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips indosinae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips indosinae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8, 25–32)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown. Femora pale brown (Fig. 8), with apices yellowish, but often paler; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown; segments II and III yellowish brown, segment III with basal half yellowish, often somewhat paler. Fore wing weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 25) much longer than wide, about 1.4 times as long as wide, 1.37 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at middle, dorsal surface smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded, 106µm apart from each other, 15–16µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head, 0.31 times in holotype. Posterior ocelli in contact with eyes, 35µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 32) about 1.7 times as long as head; segment III widely truncated at apex, about 1.2 times as long as wide, shorter than segment VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and three (1+2) sense-cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance about one-third of head width apart, in holotype 44µm apart from each other at the level of maxillary bridge; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum (Fig. 25) about 0.6 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long, almost smooth; five pairs of major setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, epim much longer than pa, the longest, longer than postoculars. Mesopresternum (Fig. 27) transverse, not divided; prospinasternum well developed, inverted triangle, about 40µm wide in holotype. Metanotum very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but invisible even using phase contrast illumination; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 25µm in length, 48µm apart from each other, 29–30µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsus (Fig. 29) often with a very weak apical tooth. Fore wing with 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 28) triangle, sculptured weakly, 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII and VIII pointed. Tergite IX S2 setae longer than S1. Tube (Fig. 30) about 0.5 times as long as head, 0.52 times in holotype, about 1.8 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.8 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype macropterous female in µm). Body length about 1700 (distended). Head length 175, from anterior margin of eyes 160, width across eyes 123, maximum width across cheeks 128, minimum width across base 106; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–12; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 40. Antenna total length 300, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 33 (27), 39 (27), 40 (22), 37 (20), 37 (19), 22 (15). Pronotum length 104, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 25–27, aa?25, ml?, pa 35–36, epim 50. Fore wing length 590. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –32, S2 33 –34, S3 41 –42. Pelta length 62, width 77. Tergite IX setae: S1 108, S2 150–160. Tube length 91, maximum width 51; terminal setae 165.</p><p>Female (microptera). Distended body length: about 1.5–1.7mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Eyes somewhat smaller; postocular setae almost as long as eyes; fore wings usually longer than metanotum, with well-developed sub-basal setae; abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of short and rather straight wing retaining setae.</p><p>Measurements (paratype micropterous female in µm). Body length about 1700 (distended). Head length 168, from anterior margin of eyes 150, width across eyes 117, maximum width across cheeks 125, minimum width across base 107; eyes length 45; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 45–47. Maxillary bridge width 43. Antenna total length 300, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37, 39, 40, 37, 37, 22. Pronotum length 108, width 160. Setae on prothorax: am 30–31, aa 29–31, ml 33–35, pa 40–42, epim 53–54. Fore wing length 197. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32 –34, S2 38 –39, S3 45 –49. Pelta length 63, width 77. Tergite IX setae: S1 117–118, S2 160. Tube length 94, maximum width 52; terminal setae?.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.3–1.5mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head a little broader, about 1.3 times as long as wide; maxillary stylets wider apart, about 0.4 times as wide as head; fore wing with 3–4 duplicated cilia; terminal tube setae longer, usually longer than 2.0 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (paratype macropterous male in µm). Body length 1460 (distended). Head length 156, from anterior margin of eyes 142, width across eyes 117, maximum width across cheeks 120, minimum width across base 95; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–11; postocular setae 41–42. Maxillary bridge width 47. Antenna total length 280, segments III–VIII length as follows: 32, 38, 39, 34, 35, 21. Pronotum length 101, width 135. Setae on prothorax: am 22–23, aa?25, ml 30, pa 38–40, epim 42–48. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 26 –29, S2 32 –33, S3 33. Pelta length 60, width 65. Tergite IX setae: S1 110–113, S2 25 –27. Tube length 75, maximum width 48; terminal setae 165.</p><p>Male (microptera). Distended body length: about 1.2–1.5mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color, and to micropterous female in structure.</p><p>Measurements (paratype micropterous male in µm). Body length about 1300 (distended). Head length 142, from anterior margin of eyes 127, width across eyes 103, maximum width across cheeks 111, minimum width across base 93; eyes length 40; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–10; postocular setae 30–32. Maxillary bridge width 45. Antenna total length 265, segments III–VIII length as follows: 30, 35, 35, 32, 31, 22. Pronotum length 90, width 138. Setae on prothorax: am 26, aa 27, ml 30, pa 31–33, epim 40–41. Fore wing length 142. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28, S2 27, S3 35 –36. Pelta length 52, width 65. Tergite IX setae: S1 85–95, S2 23. Tube length 70, maximum width 45; terminal setae 140.</p><p>Type material.  Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, nr. Chiang Rai, on dead leaves and branches, 5.ix.1992, TN &amp; SO .   Paratypes: Thailand, 5 females (mic.) and 7 males (mic.), collected together with holotype; 2 females (mac.), nr. Chiang Rai, Pha Yao, on dead leaves and branches, 5.ix.1992, SO; 1 male (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai, Phrow, on dead leaves and branches, 22.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 3 females (mic.), nr. Chiang Mai,  Doi Inthanon, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 1 male (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai,  Lam Pang, on dead leaves and branches, 28.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Chiang Mai,  Ka Jan, on dead leaves and branches, 3.ix.1992, SO; 2 males (mac.),  Chiang Dao, on dead leaves, 23.viii.1992, TN; 1 male (mic.), Saraburi, on dead leaves and branches, TN &amp; SO; 3 females (mic.), 4 males (mac.) and 3 melas (mic.), Bangkok,  Bangkhen,  Campus of Kasetsart University, NBCRC, on dead branches, 26.xii.1987, SO; 1 male (mac.), data very similar to above, but on  Ficus retusa aerial roots, 14.i.1989, SO; 1 male (mac.)  .   Thailand, Phuket, nr.  Tone Sai Waterfall, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, TN &amp; SO; 3 females (mic.) and 4 males (mic.), Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, SO  .</p><p>Non-paratypic specimens. Peninsular  Malaysia, 1 female (mic.), NE 13km from Tapah, on dead leaves, 27.vii.1976, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tapah, on dead leaves and branches, 16.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO.  Singapore, Macritchie Res., on dead branches, 1 male (mac.), 7.viii.1990, 2 females (mac.) and 3 males (mac.), 8.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO.  Indonesia, Bali,  1 male (mac.), Buleleng, Penyabangan, Desa Buah, 31.viii. 2005, SO. Borneo, 1 female (mac.), Sabah, Jl. Kimanis, 15km from Kimanis, on dead leaves and branches, 9.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO.</p><p>Comments. The sense cone formula of this species is peculiar in the genus: antennal segments III and IV with two (1+1) and three (1+2) respectively. The coloration of antennal segments II and III is somewhat variable even in the type series. Antennal segment II is often darker and almost concolorous with segment I, and segment III is often paler and largely yellowish. Several specimens listed under the non-paratypic specimens may represent this species, but have some small differences in the color of antennae and the length of body setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD04002655EC8D7158E75FA12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05E02675EC8D1A08E33FEC7.text	0A01879CD05E02675EC8D1A08E33FEC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips inexpectus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips inexpectus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9, 33–40)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.9mm. Body brown. Femora brown, with apices yellowish (Fig. 9); tibiae and tarsi yellow, fore tibiae scarcely shaded. Antennal segments I and IV–VIII brown, segment II pale brown, somewhat paler than segment I; segment III pale brown, with basal one-third yellowish. Fore wing very weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 33) much longer than wide, 1.35 times as long as wide, widest across cheeks just behind eyes, dorsal surface very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation at middle, sculptured distinctly at base. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae a little shorter than eyes, expanded, 112µm apart from each other, 12–13µm apart from eyes. Eyes 0.31 times as long as head. Posterior ocelli scarcely separated from eyes, 33µm apart from each other. Antennae (Fig. 40) 1.86 times as long as head; segment III (Fig. 38) widely truncated at apex, about 1.3 times as long as wide, shorter than segment VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2) sense-cones respectively. Condition of maxillary stylets uncertain, because they are bringing out from the head, but may be relatively close together and their distance may be about one-third of head width apart; maxillary bridge distinct, about one-third of head width. Pronotum 0.66 times as long as head, 1.41 times as wide as long, almost smooth; five pairs of major setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, epim much longer than pa, the longest, longer than postoculars. Mesopresternum (Fig. 35) transverse, but narrow; prospinasternum well developed, almost inverted triangle, about 45µm wide. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, about 30µm long, expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 34) very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but invisible even using phase contrast illumination; median pair of setae finely pointed, longer than 30µm in length, 54µm apart from each other, 32–36µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 36) triangle, sculptured weakly, 1.07 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI expanded, VII and VIII pointed. Tergite IX S2 setae much longer than S1. Tube (Fig. 39) 0.56 times as long as head, 1.82 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.9 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 185, from anterior margin of eyes 170, width across eyes 132, maximum width across cheeks 137, minimum width across base 113; eyes length 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–13; postocular setae 45–50. Maxillary bridge width 45. Antenna total length 345, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (30), 50 (30), 47 (25), 40 (23), 43 (20), 23 (15). Pronotum length 123, width 173. Setae on prothorax: am about 30, aa about 30, ml?, pa 40, epim 55. Fore wing length 710. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 36 –38, S2 38 –40, S3 53. Pelta length 70, width 75. Tergite IX setae: S1 135–145, S2 180–190. Tube length 104, maximum width 57; terminal setae about 200.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Lao Cai Province,  Sa Pa, on dead leaves and branches, 6.viii.2000, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from northern Vietnam based on a unique macropterous female. It has antennal segment VIII widely joined to segment VII, antennal segment III widely truncated at apex, the fore tarsus unarmed, and the posteromarginal setae S1 and S2 on tergite IX much longer than tube. Because of these features,  inexpectus is undoubtedly included in the genus  Leptandrothrips . From its congeners, however, it is easily distinguished by the presence on antennal segment IV of four (2+2) sense cones.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05E02675EC8D1A08E33FEC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05C02615EC8D5D68F14FE57.text	0A01879CD05C02615EC8D5D68F14FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips nigrescens Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips nigrescens sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10, 41-48)</p><p>Female (microptera).  Distended body length: about 1.5–1.8mm. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 10). Femora brown to dark brown, with apices yellowish; fore and mid tibiae pale brown, paler than femora, with bases and apices yellowish, often largely yellowish; hind tibiae brownish yellow, often largely yellowish; tarsi yellow to brownish yellow. Antennae dark brown, segments II and III somewhat paler, segment III with extreme base yellowish. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 41) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.22 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at middle; dorsal surface almost smooth, weakly sculptured with transverse reticles at base. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes a little shorter than 0.3 times as long as head, 0.27 times in holotype. Ocelli small; posterior pair 35µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular almost as long as eyes, expanded; 108µm apart from each other, about 17µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 48) about 2.0 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII about 0.6 times as long as VII, 0.63 times in holotype; segments III and IV each with two (1+1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets rather close together, 48µm apart from each other at a level of maxillary bridge; maxillary bridge rather distinct, about one-third as wide as head. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.69 times in holotype, 1.5–1.6 times as wide as long, 1.55 times in holotype; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, am well developed, almost as long as aa, epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 43) inverted triangle, about 38µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum transverse, but narrow. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, expanded, 25µm long. Metanotum almost smooth at middle; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 30µm, widely apart from each other, 46µm apart from each other, about 30µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Pelta (Fig. 44) trapezoid, but with lateral margins rounded, 1.35 times as wide as long in holotype. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of minute wing retaining setae. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII and VIII pointed. Tergite IX S2 setae much longer than S1; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 47) about 0.6 times as long as head, 1.7–1.8 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.7 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1770 (distended). Head length 163, from anterior margin of eyes 150, width across eyes 124, maximum width across cheeks 134, minimum width across base 120; eyes length 44; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–10; postocular setae 43–48. Maxillary bridge width 46. Antenna total length 332, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (25), 41 (27), 45 (23), 42 (21), 40 (21), 25 (17). Pronotum length 112, width 174. Setae on prothorax: am 27–28, aa 30, ml 35–37, pa 38–42, epim 44–48. Fore wing length 87. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –32, S2 31 –32, S3 41 –43. Pelta length 63, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S1 125, S2 170. Tube length 97, maximum width 55; terminal setae 163.</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.65mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure. Fore wing shaded with brown; head (Fig. 42) 1.29 as long as wide; eyes 0.28 times as long as head; fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia, sub-basal setae S2 shorter than S1, S3 the longest; wing retaining setae normally developed.</p><p>Measurements (paratype female in µm). Body length 1640 (distended). Head length 159, from anterior margin of eyes 143, width across eyes 112, maximum width across cheeks 123, minimum width across base 104; eyes length 45; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 40–45. Maxillary bridge width 47. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37, 40, 39, 35, 39, 25. Pronotum length 100, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 24–25, aa 23, ml 30–35, pa 38–40, epim 45. Fore wing length 530. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 38, S2 32 –33, S3 45. Pelta length 55, width 82. Tergite IX setae: S1 110–117, S2 155–158. Tube length 92, maximum width 49; terminal setae?170.</p><p>Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.4mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure. Tibiae somewhat paler; maxillary bridge somewhat wider, about 0.4 times as wide as head; tergite IX S2 setae comparatively longer, about 1/2 of tube length.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1350 (distended). Head length 141, from anterior margin of eyes 130, width across eyes 108, maximum width across cheeks 120, minimum width across base 105; eyes length 40; diameter of posterior ocelli 7–8; postocular setae 38–40. Maxillary bridge width 49. Antenna total length 295, segments III–VIII length as follows: 35, 36, 39, 37, 36, 26. Pronotum length 96, width 154. Setae on prothorax: am 25–28, aa 25, ml 35, pa 33–37, epim 42. Fore wing length 57. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 24, S2 27, S3 28. Pelta length 50, width 75. Tergite IX setae: S1 103–107, S2 35 –40. Tube length 82, maximum width 47; terminal setae 155.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: micropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien,  Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 30.iii.1984, SO  .  Paratypes: Taiwan, 1 male (mic.), collected together with holotype; same locality and habitat as holotype, 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), 24.iii.1984, 1 male (mic.), 25.iii.1984, 1 female (mic.), 29.iii.1984, SO;   1 female (mic.), Nantou Hsien, foot of  Mt. Nankao, nr. Wanta, on dead branches, 1.iv.1984 , SO;  2 males (mic.), Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on dead wood, 10.ix.1993, TN &amp; SO; 1 female (mac.) and  2 females (mic.), Taoyuan, on dead wood, 24.viii.1975, SO.</p><p>Non-paratypic specimen.   Taiwan, 1 male (mic.), Nantou Hsien,  Meifeng, on dead leaves and branches, 1.ix.1994, TN &amp; SO  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Taiwan, 1 female, Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr.  Wanta, on dead branches, 1.iv.1984, SO ;   1 female (mic.), Taipei Hsien,  Mt. Tatung shan, on dead branches, 4.iv.1984, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species was collected mainly from dead branches. It is somewhat similar to  L. robustus and  L. zelkovae from Japan, but can easily be distinguished from  robustus by antennal segment III darker, the maxillary stylets wider apart and the mesopresternum not divided. From  zelkovae, it can also be distinguished by the compound eyes somewhat larger and the maxillary stylets wider apart. Moreover, although ocelli are present in the microptera of  nigrescens, they are absent in  robustus and  zelkovae . A non-paratypic female listed above may represent this species, but is much larger than the type series (about 1.8mm). Two females listed under the doubtful specimens are very similar to this species, but have some differences in coloration and the length of setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05C02615EC8D5D68F14FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05A02615EC8D66688E1FCD1.text	0A01879CD05A02615EC8D66688E1FCD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips robustus (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips robustus (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>Apterygothrips robustus Okajima, 2006: 160–161 .</p><p>This species was described from the subtropical Ogasawara (= Bonin) Islands, Japan, under the genus  Apterygothrips, and is known only from micropterae. It has commonly been taken from dead leafy branches of ever green trees and dead Palmae fronds, and may be the fungus-feeder.</p><p>Specimens examined.  Japan, Ogasawara (Chichi-jima Is., and Haha-jima Is.), many females and males including the type series (see Okajima 2006: 161) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05A02615EC8D66688E1FCD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05902625EC8D4D38B67FC96.text	0A01879CD05902625EC8D4D38B67FC96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips semiflavus (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips semiflavus (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 49–56)</p><p>Apterygothrips semiflavus Okajima, 2006: 161–163 .</p><p>This species was described from the temperate region of Japan, under the genus  Apterygothrips, and is known from both macropterae and micropterae. It has been collected from dead leafy branches or forest litter, and may be a fungus-feeder. The specimens from Taiwan, Thailand and Indonesia (Sulawesi) listed below under the doubtful specimens are very similar to this species, but have some small differences in the coloration and the length of tube.</p><p>Specimens examined.   Japan ( Honshu,  Shikoku, Kyushu and Izu Islands), many females and males including the type series (see Okajima 2006: 163)  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Taiwan, 2 males (mic.), Nantou Hsien,  Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 24.iii.1984 , SO; 1 female (mic.), data very similar to above, but 30.iii.1984.   Thailand, Bangkok, Bangkhen,  Campus of Kasetsart University, on dead branches of Casuarina , 1 male (mic.), 14.i.1988, 1 female (mic.), 18.i.1988, SO;   1 male (mic.), Phuket Is.,  Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992 , SO.   Indonesia, Sulawesi, Karaenta Forest Res., Maros to  Camba, alt. about 400m, on dead branches , 1 male (mac.), 5.viii.1984, 2 females (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), 6.viii.1984, SO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05902625EC8D4D38B67FC96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05902625EC8D7258AFFFB11.text	0A01879CD05902625EC8D7258AFFFB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptandrothrips zelkovae (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Leptandrothrips zelkovae (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>Apterygothrips zelkovae Okajima, 2006: 165–166 .</p><p>This species was described from the temperate region of Japan, under the genus  Apterygothrips, and is known only from micropterae. It usually occurs under bark of  Zelkova serrata ( Ulmaceae) trunk in the temperate region, and may be a fungus-feeder.</p><p>Specimens examined.  Japan (Honshu), many females and males including the type series (see Okajima 2006: 165) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05902625EC8D7258AFFFB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05902635EC8D0AC8861FCDB.text	0A01879CD05902635EC8D0AC8861FCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips Priesner	<div><p>Mesandrothrips Priesner</p><p>Mesandrothrips Priesner, 1933: 80 . Type-species:  Haplothrips inquilinus Priesner, 1921, by monotypy.</p><p>In this study, the species included in  Mesandrothrips are limited to  M. inquilinus and its close relatives, with the previously included species transferred to the genus  Neandrothrips gen. nov. This genus is very closely related to  Karnyothrips, and could not be distinguished satisfactory in most structures (Okajima &amp; Masumoto 2025). It can be distinguished from  Karnyothrips only by the structure of the prosternum and the length of the terminal tube setae. The basantra are well developed and situated far from the ferna in  Karnyothrips, but some species, such as  K. acutus and  K. semiflavus, have somewhat intermediate ones. Therefore, there is a possibility that these two genera could be treated as a single genus.  Androthrips is also closely related to this genus, but has the fore femur armed with an inner sub-basal tubercle and the fore tibia usually with an inner sub-apical scale or tubercle. In contrast, even though a new genus,  Neandrothrips gen. nov., is separated here from  Mesandrothrips, it is not so closely related to  Karnyothrips . It has the fore tarsus with a lateral tooth and the prothoracic anteromarginal setae usually well developed (rarely reduced), whereas  Mesandrothrips has the fore tarsus with an apical tooth and the prothoracic anteromarginal setae always reduced. Currently,  Mesandrothrips is discriminated from  Xylaplothrips only by the sense cone number on antennal segments III and IV.  Mesandrothrips has three and four sense cones on segments III and IV respectively, whereas  Xylaplothrips has two on each of III and IV. However,  Xylaplothrips fuliginosus, the type of the genus, and its relatives share the prothoracic anteromarginal setae reduced and the fore tarsus with an apical tooth. Considering the interspecific as well as intraspecific variations among some genera included in the  Haplothripini mentioned above, these two genera may be more closely related than assumed in previous taxonomy.</p><p>The genus  Glenothrips (Priesner 1921) was established for a single species,  biuncinatus, taken from leaf galls on  Conocephalus and  Schefflera in Java, Indonesia. But this genus is very similar to  Mesandrothrips, and these two could possibly be treated as a single genus. However,  biuncinatus has the fore tibia with a small inner sub-apical tooth in both sexes (see Fig. 112 in Dang et al. 2014: 53). This inner sub-apical tooth on the fore tibia is very similar to the fore tibial sub-apical scale found in  Androthrips species, and this is another indication of the close relation between  Androthrips and  Mesandrothrips .</p><p>Generic definition. Macroptera (microptera not found so far). Head longer than wide, with a pair of postocular setae. Eyes and ocelli well developed; interocellar and postocellar setae minute. Antenna 8-segmented; segments VIII and VII well separated; segments III with three (1+2), segment IV with four (2+2 +1) sense cones. Mouth cone rounded; maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, wider apart, V-shaped or narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge distinct, situated far from base of head, wider than one-third of head width. Prothoracic four pairs of major setae developed, am reduced; notopleural suture complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna moderately developed, but size of basantra variable; prospinasternum usually rather small; mesopresternum reduced medially, anterior margin arched, narrowly boat-shaped or divided. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Fore tarsus with an apical tooth. Fore wings weakly narrowed at middle, with duplicated cilia. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae. Tube variable in length, tapering and straight-sided. Terminal setae variable in length, at most 1.5 times as long as tube. Males do not show allometric growth and have no pore plate on sternite VIII.</p><p>Species included in  Mesandrothrips</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05902635EC8D0AC8861FCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD058026C5EC8D7CF8FB1FF4C.text	0A01879CD058026C5EC8D7CF8FB1FF4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips brevisetis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Mesandrothrips brevisetis sp. nov., from Ryukyus, Japan</p><p>Mesandrothrips crassicornis sp. nov., from Peninsular Malaysia</p><p>Mesandrothrips darci (Girault), from Australia</p><p>Mesandrothrips eximius sp. nov., from Vietnam</p><p>Mesandrothrips flavitibia (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish), from India</p><p>Mesandrothrips ichikaianus sp. nov., from Honshu, Japan</p><p>Mesandrothrips inquilinus (Priesner), from Java, Indonesia</p><p>Mesandrothrips inquinatus (Karny), from Java, Indonesia</p><p>Mesandrothrips subterraneus (Crawford JC), from Europe and eastern Asia</p><p>Key to  Mesandrothrips species</p><p>[excluding  M. darci (Girault);  M. flavitibia and  M. inquinatus are based on descriptions*]</p><p>1. Postocular setae longer than eyes; tube longer than 0.62 times as long as head; terminal tube setae almost as long as tube.............................................................................................  subterraneus</p><p>- Postocular setae shorter than eyes; tube shorter than 0.60 times as long as head, if longer, mesopresternum very small; terminal tube setae longer than tube.............................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Body bicolored pale brown and yellow (Fig. 58); head, prothorax, mesothorax and tube brown; metathorax yellow, abdomen and legs largely yellow.................................................................  crassicornis sp. nov.</p><p>- Body uniformly dark brown, femora largely brown to dark brown............................................... 3</p><p>3. All tibiae yellow...............................................................................  flavitibia *</p><p>- Mid and hind tibiae largely brown or banded brown.......................................................... 4</p><p>4. Antennal segments IV–VI pale brown............................................................  inquinatus *</p><p>- Antennal segments IV–VI yellow at base, often wholly yellow................................................. 5</p><p>5. Antennal segments IV–VI wholly yellow; basantra largely developed (Fig. 80), a little wider than long.....  eximius sp. nov.</p><p>- Antennal segments IV–VI shaded with brown at apical half; basantra small to moderately large, much wider than long..... 6</p><p>6. Basantra small, inner margin narrowly bluntly pointed (Fig. 87); tube much longer than 0.6 times as long as head; fore tarsal hamus developed (Fig. 91)...............................................................  ichikaianus sp. nov.</p><p>- Basantra normally developed, inner margin linear, not pointed; tube much shorter than 0.6 times as long as head; fore tarsal hamus small......................................................................................... 7</p><p>7. Head somewhat broader, about 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 62); maxillary bridge much narrower than half of head width in female, 0.40–0.49 times as wide as head in male; four pairs of prothoracic setae relatively short, e.g. pa shorter than 40µm; tergite IX S2 setae shorter than tube..........................................................  brevisetis sp. nov.</p><p>- Head somewhat longer, about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 94); maxillary bridge wider than half of head width); four pairs of prothoracic setae elongate, e.g. pa longer than 50µm; tergite IX S2 setae a little longer than tube..............  inquilinus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD058026C5EC8D7CF8FB1FF4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD057026E5EC8D5598ADDFCBF.text	0A01879CD057026E5EC8D5598ADDFCBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips brevisetis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Mesandrothrips brevisetis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 57, 62–69)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.80–2.14mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 57). Femora dark brown, fore femora with apices slightly paler; fore tibiae yellowish, shaded with brown, mid and hind tibiae dark brown, with apices slightly paler; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and VII – VIII brown, a little paler than head; segment III largely yellow, scarcely shaded with brown anteriorly, segments IV – VI yellow at basal half, shaded with brown at anterior half. Fore wings very weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 62) longer than wide, a little shorter than 1.2 times as long as wide; dorsal surface very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half, sculpture somewhat distinct near base, almost smooth between eyes. Cheeks weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, finely serrated. Eyes a little longer than one-third of head length. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, about 30µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, weakly expanded; 127µm apart from each other, about 15µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 69) about 2.0 times as long as head, 1.97 times in holotype; segment VIII very weakly constricted at base, 0.78 times as long as segment VII; segments III almost symmetrical, a little shorter than IV, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, sub-parallel at middle; maxillary bridge distinct, narrower than 1/2 of head width, 0.42 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 62) more than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as wide as long; almost smooth, median apodeme very weak; four pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, but relatively short; am reduced to discal setae, pa much shorter than postocular setae, epim almost as long as eyes. Prospinasternum (Fig. 63) comparatively small, narrowly fan-shaped, about 25µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum reduced medially, separated into lateral triangle plates. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, weakly expanded, about 25µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 64) sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, shorter than 20µm, 56µm apart from each other, 54–60µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus (Fig. 66) with a small apical tooth. Fore wing with 8–9 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae weakly expanded, S3 about 1.7 times as long as S2. Pelta (Fig. 65) trapezoid or triangle, with irregular lateral margins, sculpture weak at middle, 1.43 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae relatively short, bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, a little shorter than tube, S2 a little longer than S1; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 68) longer than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.55 times in holotype, 1.75 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.1 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2140 (distended). Head length 206, from anterior margin of eyes 187, width across eyes 175, maximum width across cheeks 177, minimum width across base 147; eyes length 73; diameter of posterior ocelli 18–20; postocular setae 45. Maxillary bridge width 75. Antenna total length 405, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 62 (33), 65 (35), 51 (30), 46 (28), 40 (19), 31 (13). Pronotum length 135, width 230. Setae on prothorax: aa?20, ml?25, pa?35, epim 70–73. Fore wing length 860. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 37 –38, S2 43 –45, S3 75. Pelta length 89, width 127. Tergite IX setae: S1 98–100, S2 105. Tube length 114, maximum width 65; terminal setae 123.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.5mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head 1.13 times as long as wide; maxillary bridge 0.40–0.49 times as wide as head; fore wing with 6–7 duplicated cilia; tube 0.61 times as long as head; terminal setae almost as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1470 (distended). Head length 160, from anterior margin of eyes 147, width across eyes 137, maximum width across cheeks 141, minimum width across base 119; eyes length 60; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–15; postocular setae 38–39. Maxillary bridge width 56. Antenna total length 320, segments III–VIII length as follows: 45, 46, 41, 38, 33, 28. Pronotum length 97, width 184. Setae on prothorax: aa?20, ml 25, pa 28, epim 48. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32 –33, S2 32 –38, S3 48 –52. Pelta length 64, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 82–88, S 2 28. Tube length 97, maximum width 53; terminal setae 97.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Japan, Ryukyus, Amami Is., Uken-son, Fureainomori, on  Elaeocarpus sylvestris leaves, 23.iii.1990, SO. Paratypes: Japan, Ryukyus, 1 female, Okinawa-hontou Is., Nahashi, Sueyoshi, Sueyoshi Park, on leaf of  Piper kadzura ( Piperaceae), 7.ix.2003, K. Minoura; 1 male, Okinawa-hontou Is., Uruma-shi, Katsuren-haebaru, on  Poaceae, 21.i.2002, T. Tasuoka; 1 female and 1 male, Miyako-jima Is., Gusukube, on dead leaves and branches, 8.iii.1990, TN.</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Japan, Ryukyus, Iriomote-jima Is., Nakamagawa-rindou, on  Ilex integra (Aquiforiaceae), 12.iii.1990, TN  .   Taiwan, 1 male, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead leaves, 31.vii.1986, SO; 1 female, same locality as above, on grass, 3.iv.1993, TN &amp; SO; Nantou Hsien,  Meifeng, about 2000m alt., 1 male, habitat uncertain, 2.ix.1993, 1 male, on dead leaves and branches, 1.ix.1994, TN &amp; SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species was collected together with  Liothrips horutonoki from the leaves of  Elaeocarpus sylvestris ( Elaeocarpaceae), and seems to be a predator. It is somewhat similar to  M. inquilinus, but it can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of  inquilinus): head somewhat broader, about 1.2 times as long as wide (about 1.4 times); maxillary bridge much narrower than half of head width in female, 0.40–0.49 times as wide as head in male (wider than half of head width); four pairs of prothoracic setae relatively short (well developed); tergite IX S2 setae shorter than tube (a little longer than tube); tube 0.55 times as long as head (a little shorter than half of head width). One male from Iriomote Is. listed above under the doubtful specimen is very similar to this species, but has antennal segment III weakly swollen sub-basally. One female and three males collected from Taiwan have the antennal segments and fore tibiae somewhat darker and the ocelli somewhat smaller.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD057026E5EC8D5598ADDFCBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05502685EC8D7CE89BFFE9B.text	0A01879CD05502685EC8D7CE89BFFE9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips crassicornis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Mesandrothrips crassicornis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 58, 70–77)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.6mm. Body bicolored yellow and brown (Fig. 58). Head, prothorax, mesothorax and tube brown; metathorax yellow, abdomen largely yellow, segments III–VII each with a median brown marking, segments VIII and IX pale brown, but yellowish anteriorly. Legs yellow, except for brown fore coxae. Antenna pale brown to brown, segments I–II and VI–VIII brown, segment III pale brown, with basal one-third yellowish. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 70) longer than wide, 1.38 times as long as wide; dorsal surface smooth. Cheeks almost straight, sub-parallel, weakly serrated. Eyes well-developed, a little longer than one-third of head length, 0.37 times as long as head. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, about 20µm apart from each other. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; about 100µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 77) 1.79 times as long as head; segment VIII slender, weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, about 0.9 times as long as VII; segments III and IV subequal in length, thick, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) stout sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae, wider apart, V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak, wide and slender, wider than half of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 70) 0.65 times as long as head, about 1.45 times as wide as long; almost smooth, median apodeme weak; four pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, am setae reduced; aa almost as long as postocular setae, pa much longer than aa, epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 71) relatively wide, 60µm wide; mesopresternum reduced medially. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 72) weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae minute and relatively far apart from anterior margin of metanotum, 42µm apart from each other, 45–46µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsus (Fig. 74) with a well-developed apical tooth, similar to that of  Karnyothrips species. Fore wing with 4 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 73) trapezoid, with indistinct lateral wings, weakly reticulate, 1.42 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI and VIII expanded, VII finely pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, 0.76–0.80 times as long as tube, S2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube; intermediate setae almost half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 76) about 0.5 times as long as head, 1.88 times as long as wide; terminal setae 1.4–1.5 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1630 (distended). Head length 183, from anterior margin of eyes 166, width across eyes 132, maximum width across cheeks 133, minimum width across base 117; eyes length 67; diameter of posterior ocelli 15–17; postocular setae 25–30. Maxillary bridge width 80. Antenna total length 327, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 47 (32), 45 (32), 41 (25), 40 (22), 38 (20), 34 (12). Pronotum length 119, width 172. Setae on prothorax: aa 26–28, ml 30–32, pa 37–38, epim 47–48. Fore wing length?. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –31, S2 25 –28, S3 27 –28. Pelta length 65, width 92. Tergite IX setae: S1 68–72, S2 95–98. Tube length 90, maximum width 48; terminal setae 130–136.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.6mm. Very similar to macropterous female. Antennal segment VIII almost as long as segment VII; pronotum about 0.8 times as long as head; fore leg (Fig. 75) relatively enlarged, fore tarsal hamus stout; fore wing with 5 duplicated cilia; sub-basal wing setae S1 and S2 subequal in length, S3 the longest; tergite IX S1 setae weakly expanded.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1580 (distended). Head length 171, from anterior margin of eyes 156, width across eyes 124, maximum width across cheeks 126, minimum width across base 113; eyes length 62; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–15; postocular setae?27. Maxillary bridge width 68. Antenna total length about 320, segments III–VIII length as follows: 46, 42, 37, 35, 35, 35. Pronotum length 135, width 177. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml 35, pa 38, epim 48. Fore wing length 640. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30, S2 30 –31, S3 38 –39. Pelta length 60, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S1 63–83, S2 30 –32. Tube length 87, maximum width 50; terminal setae 130.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female,  Peninsular Malaysia, about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur, on dead branches, 11.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratype:  Peninsular Malaysia, 1 male, collected together with holotype  .</p><p>Comments. This species is easily discriminated from congeners by a combination of the following features: body bicolored; intermediate antennal segment relatively thick; antennal segment VIII slender, about 0.9 times as long as segment VII in female, almost as long as VII in male; antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) thick sense cones respectively; maxillary bridge wide, more than half of head width; S2 setae on tergite VIII and S1 on tergite IX expanded. Moreover, the fore tarsus has a well-developed apical tooth like that of  Karnyothrips species. Unfortunately, the feeding habit of this species is uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05502685EC8D7CE89BFFE9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD05302695EC8D52A8E75F824.text	0A01879CD05302695EC8D52A8E75F824.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips eximius Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Mesandrothrips eximius sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 59, 78–85)</p><p>Female (macroptera).   Distended body length: 2.2mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 59). Femora dark brown, fore femora with apices yellowish; fore tibiae yellow, mid tibiae brown, with apical one-third yellowish, hind tibiae dark brown, with apical one-fifth yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and II brown, segment II scarcely paler antero-externally; segments III – VIII yellow, but segments VII and VIII very weakly shaded. Fore wings almost transparent, but brownish at base. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 78) longer than wide, 1.28 times as long as wide; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half, almost smooth between eyes. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, gradually narrowed to base, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, 0.42 times as long as head. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 32µm apart from each other. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, weakly expanded; 156µm apart from each other, 16–17µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 85) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII slender, very weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, 0.84 times as long as VII; segments III almost as long as segment IV, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively, these sense cones shorter than the width of the segments (shorter than those of  inquilinus). Maxillary stylets probably retracted to postocular setae (the stylets are bringing out in holotype), wider apart; maxillary bridge distinct, 0.45 times as wide as head. Pronotum (Fig. 78) about 0.7 times as long as head, about 1.4 times as wide as long; almost smooth; four pairs of prothoracic setae well developed, expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, pa a little longer than aa, epim much longer than postocular setae. Basantra (Fig. 80) largely developed. Prospinasternum relatively small, about 30µm wide; mesopresternum reduced medially, separated into two triangle plates. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, 25µm long. Metanotum distinctly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, distance between them much narrower than distance between these setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 45µm apart from each other, 67–68µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsus (Fig. 82) with a well-developed apical tooth. Fore wing with 7 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 the shortest, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 81) trapezoid, 1.36 times as wide as long, sculptured distinctly. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae probably longer than tube (tips of these setae are missing in holotype), S2 much longer than tube; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 84) 0.59 times as long as head, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube  .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2200 (distended). Head length 220, from anterior margin of eyes 203, width across eyes 170, maximum width across cheeks 172, minimum width across base 140; eyes length 92; diameter of posterior ocelli 18–20; postocular setae 50–56. Maxillary bridge width 77. Antenna total length about 400, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 56 (32), 56 (33), 50 (28), 50 (25), 43 (21), 36 (12). Pronotum length 153, width 214. Setae on prothorax: aa about 40, ml about 40, pa 45, epim 80. Fore wing length 850. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 47 –48, S2 60 –63, S3 80. Pelta length 83, width 113. Tergite IX setae: S1 128–132 (tips missing), S2 165. Tube length 129, maximum width 65; terminal setae about 180.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.70–1.85mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Antennal segments VII and VIII pale brown, somewhat darker than those of female; fore tibia largely yellow or largely brown with apical half yellowish; head 1.36 times as long as wide; maxillary stylets retracted to eyes; maxillary bridge about half of head width; fore wing with 5–8 duplicated cilia; fore tarsal apical tooth (Fig. 83) well developed, similar to those of  Karnyothrips species; tergite IX S1 setae almost as long as tube or a little longer.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1840 (distended). Head length 206, from anterior margin of eyes 190, width across eyes 151, maximum width across cheeks 151, minimum width across base 126; eyes length 87; diameter of posterior ocelli 16–18; postocular setae 45–50. Maxillary bridge width 75. Antenna total length 380, segments III–VIII length as follows: 52, 55, 49, 49, 42, 35. Pronotum length 142, width 193. Setae on prothorax: aa about 40, ml about 40, pa 48–50, epim 55. Fore wing length 750. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 40, S2 50 –55, S3 60 –64. Pelta length 70, width 101. Tergite IX setae: S1 125–133, S2 37 –38. Tube length 125, maximum width 58; terminal setae 172.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Finom Ward, Don Duong, on leaves of  Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae), 25.xii.2001, SO. Paratypes: Vietnam, 2 males, collected together with holotype.</p><p>Doubtful specimen.   Thailand, 1 female, Chiang Mai, Farm of Chiang Mai  University, 26.viii.1992, TN  .</p><p>Comments. This species was collected from  Quercus sp. leaves together with undetermined  Liothrips species. It is closely related to  M. inquilinus, but can be distinguished by the following features: intermediate antennal segments clear yellow; sense cones on the antennal segments III and IV much shorter than width of segment; prosternal basantra larger; fore tarsal apical tooth larger; tergite IX S1 setae longer, almost as long as tube or longer; tube about 0.6 times as long as tube. It is also very similar to a synonymous species,  Xylaplothrips longus Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish which was synonymized with  X. inquilinus (=  M. inquilinus) by Pitkin (1976), in having the intermediate antennal segments entirely yellow. However, there is a possibility that  longus is a distinct species (see  M. inquilinus). According to the original descriptions (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish 1967),  eximius can be distinguished from  longus by the antennal segments III and IV broader, the prothoracic major setae shorter, and the major body setae pale. A female collected from Thailand listed under the doubtful specimen is very similar to  eximius, but the head is somewhat broader and the mid and hind tibiae largely yellow.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD05302695EC8D52A8E75F824	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD051026A5EC8D4D3895BFE02.text	0A01879CD051026A5EC8D4D3895BFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips flavitibia (Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish 1969)	<div><p>Mesandrothrips flavitibia (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish)</p><p>Xylaplothrips flavitibia Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish, 1967: 128–129 .</p><p>This species was described from India based on three females and four males taken from ‘wild galls’, but it is not available in this study. However, according to the original description and Pitkin (1976), it is somewhat similar to  M. inquilinus, but it is peculiar in having all tibiae wholly yellow  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD051026A5EC8D4D3895BFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD051026B5EC8D5918E18F835.text	0A01879CD051026B5EC8D5918E18F835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips ichikaianus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Mesandrothrips ichikaianus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 60, 86–93)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 2.2mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 60). Femora brown, fore femora with distal half yellowish, mid and hind femora with apical one-third yellowish; fore tibiae yellowish, tinged with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae brown, with extreme bases and apices yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and VII – VIII brown, somewhat paler than head, segment II yellowish antero-externally; segment III yellowish, segments IV – VI yellowish at basal half, weakly shaded with brown at apical half, segment VI scarcely darker than segment V. Fore wings very weakly shaded with brown at basal half. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 86) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.23 times in holotype; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half, almost smooth between eyes. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly constricted at base, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, about 0.4 times as long as head, 0.39 times in holotype. Ocelli developed; posterior pair 25µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 131µm apart from each other, about 18–22µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 93) 1.8–1.9 times as long as head, 1.86 times in holotype (the right antennae aberrantly 7-segmented in holotype); segment VIII relatively slender, very weakly constricted at base, about 0.8 times as long as segment VII; segments III and IV subequal in length, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, rather wider apart; maxillary bridge distinct, narrower than 1/2 of head width, 0.44 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 86) about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.6–1.7 times as wide as long, 1.66 times in holotype; almost smooth; four pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am setae reduced to discal setae, ml and pa subequal in length, epim much longer than pa. Basantra (Fig. 87) relatively small; prospinasternum relatively small, 28µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum reduced medially, very narrowly boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, weakly expanded, 35µm long in holotype. Metanotum (Fig. 88) weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae blunt or bluntly pointed, 18–20µm long, distance between both median setae narrower than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 55µm apart from each other,72–80µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore femora (Fig. 90) somewhat enlarged; fore tarsus with a well-developed apical tooth. Fore wing with 7–9 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae well developed, expanded, S1 and S2 weakly expanded, S3 blunt or very weakly expanded, the longest. Pelta (Fig. 89) trapezoid, distinctly sculptured, 1.44 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III very weakly expanded, IV and V blunt, VI – VIII pointed or bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 shorter than tube, S2 almost as long as tube; intermediate setae much shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 92) longer than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.64 times in holotype, about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae almost as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2230 (distended). Head length 218, from anterior margin of eyes 203, width across eyes 174, maximum width across cheeks 177, minimum width across base 151; eyes length 85; diameter of posterior ocelli 18–20; postocular setae 53–54. Maxillary bridge width 78. Antenna total length 405, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 65 (30), 65 (32), 55 (29), 50 (26), 43 (22), 35 (12). Pronotum length 153, width 254. Setae on prothorax: aa 35, ml 47, pa 52, epim 75–90. Fore wing length 900. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 57, S2 70–72, S3 105. Pelta length 95, width 137. Tergite IX setae: S1 130–132, S2 140–142. Tube length 140, maximum width 66; terminal setae 140.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.9mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head 1.24 times as long as wide; maxillary bridge 0.47 times as wide as head; pronotum 0.72 times as long as head, about 1.6 times as wide as long; fore wing with 7 duplicated cilia; tube 0.67 times as long as head.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 197, from anterior margin of eyes 180, width across eyes 158, maximum width across cheeks 159, minimum width across base 132; eyes length 82; diameter of posterior ocelli 16–18; postocular setae 50–54. Maxillary bridge width 75. Antenna total length 380, segments III–VIII length as follows: 58, 58, 49, 45, 40, 32. Pronotum length 142, width 225. Setae on prothorax: aa?35, ml?35, pa about 50, epim 60–65. Fore wing length 790. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 44 –46, S2 53 –55, S3 82–85. Pelta length 79, width 125. Tergite IX setae: S1 120–130, S2 40. Tube length 132, maximum width 64; terminal setae 115.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Japan (Honshu), Tochigi-ken, Ichikai-machi, on  Phyllostachys heterocycle ( Poaceae), 17.v.2023, SO. Paratypes: Japan (Honshu), 2 females and 1 male, collected together with holotype.</p><p>Comments. This species is somewhat similar to  M. inquilinus from Java, Indonesia in color and structure. However, it can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of  inquilinus): head about 1.2 times as long as wide (about 1.4 times); maxillary bridge narrower than half of head with (a little wider than half of head width); prosternal basantra small, inner margin bluntly pointed (normally developed, inner margin broadly rounded); fore femora somewhat enlarged (not enlarged); fore tarsus with a well-developed apical tooth (with a minute apical tooth); tube longer than 0.6 times as long as head (a little shorter than half of head length). This species was taken from a common bamboo species in Japan,  Phyllostachys heterocycle, together with  Xylaplothrips togashii . The feeding behavior is uncertain, but the species is possibly predaceous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD051026B5EC8D5918E18F835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06F02555EC8D4D3884AFE73.text	0A01879CD06F02555EC8D4D3884AFE73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips inquilinus Priesner	<div><p>Mesandrothrips inquilinus Priesner</p><p>(Figs 61, 94–101)</p><p>Haplothrips inquilinus Priesner, 1921: 4 .</p><p>This species was originally described from Java, Indonesia, under the genus  Haplothrips, and known as an invader of galls of several phlaeothripine species. It has been recorded from India, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Timor Leste (Mound &amp; Tree 2019) and China (Dang et al. 2020), and newly recorded here from Vietnam and Taiwan. However, this species exhibits structural variation, such as the color of tibiae and intermediate antennal segments, the proportion of head, the width of maxillary stylets or bridge, the size of ocelli and fore tarsal apical tooth, and the length of major body setae. Moreover, it is very likely that it contains one or more different species, and will need to be re-examined. Pitkin (1976) synonymized with this species under the genus  Xylaplothrips three species described from India by Ananthakrishnan (1966) and Ananthakrishnan and Jagadish (1967), but without morphological as well as taxonomic consideration. However, this treatment is somewhat questionable. At least one synonymous species,  Xylaplothrips longus Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish, has the intermediate antennal segments entirely yellow and much slenderer than those of  inquilinus according to the original description, and we consider that there is a possibility that it is a distinct species.</p><p>Three species described in this paper,  M. brevisetis sp. nov. from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan,  M. eximius sp. nov. from Vietnam and  M. ichikaianus sp. nov. from Honshu, Japan, may be closely related to this species. Among them, two species may be predators of other phlaeothripine species as is  inquilinus:  brevisetis was taken on  Elaeocarpus sylvestris leaves together with  Liothrips horutonoki, and  eximius was taken from  Quercus sp. leaves together with undetermined  Liothrips species. However,  ichikaianus was collected together with  Xylaplothrips togashii from a common bamboo species,  Phyllostachys heterocycle, and feeding habit is uncertain but may be predatory. They share some character states with  inquilinus as follows: antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively; intermediate antennal segments largely yellowish; maxillary bridge relatively wide; fore tarsus with an apical tooth; mesopresternum reduced medially. These four species are very similar to  Xylaplothrips fuliginosus, the type-species of the genus, and its relatives described from Europe in most features other than the sense cone formula.</p><p>A series of specimens listed below from Java and Bali, Indonesia, are approximately consistent with the original description in color and structure, and are identified here as this species. Most of them were collected on the leaves of  Terminalia catappa ( Combretaceae) together with  Gigantothrips elegans, although it has been known as an invader of the leaf galls of other phlaeothripine species, and it seems to be a predator of  G. elegans . One male from Vietnam and one female from Taiwan listed under the specimens examined may also represent this species, but have somewhat darker mid tibiae. Two females (Figs 100 &amp; 101) listed below from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, under the doubtful specimens are very similar to this species, but have several differences and likely to be a distinct species. More specimens are needed for a decision. These females have a somewhat longer head (Fig. 100), narrower maxillary bridge, smaller ocelli and larger fore tarsal apical tooth. In addition, their compound eyes are more or less coarsely facetted. Moreover, according to the original description (Karny 1913) and Fig. 132 in Dang et al. (2014, p. 61), these females are very similar to  Glenothrips biuncinatus (Karny), but without fore tibial inner sub-apical tooth.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distended body length: female 1.8–2.3mm, male 1.5–1.8. Body largely dark brown (Fig. 61); fore tibia yellowish, mid tibia shaded with brown at basal half, hind tibia largely brown, with base and apex yellowish; antennal segments I–II and VII–VIII brown, segments III–VI yellowish, shaded apically with brown, usually segment V a little paler than IV and VI. Head (Fig. 94) about 1.4 times as long as wide, weakly sculptured with transverse reticles or striae; postocular setae expanded. Ocelli well developed, in contact with eyes. Antennal segment VIII rather slender (Fig. 99), weakly constricted basally, narrowly joined to VII; segment III with three (1+2) and IV with four (2+2 +1) long and slender sense cones which are almost as long as width of these segments. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge a little wider than 1/2 of head width. Four pairs of prothoracic setae well developed, expanded, but am reduced. Mesopresternum (Fig. 96) transverse, narrow at middle, often divided. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, expanded. Metanotal median pair of setae rather close together and rather far from anterior margin. Fore tarsus (Fig. 97) with a minute apical tooth. Pelta (Fig. 95) trapezoid, distinctly reticulate. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae usually pointed or bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 a little shorter than tube, S2 a little longer than tube; intermediate setae shorter than half of S1. Tube (Fig. 98) a little longer than half of head length in female; terminal setae about 1.2 times as long as tube. Males do not show extreme allometric growth.</p><p>Specimens examined.   Indonesia, Java, 1 female, Yogyakarta,  Campus of Gadjah Mada University, on  Schefflera sp. leaves, 19.viii.2005, SO ;   Indonesia, Bali, Buleleng, Pura Balatung, on  Terminalia catappa leaves, 4 females and 4 males, 30.viii.2005, 12 females and 32 males, 17.viii.2006, SO  .   Vietnam, 1 male,  Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phu Loc District, Bach Ma National Park, ca 1150m alt., on bamboo, 14.viii.2007, SO  .   Taiwan, 1 female, Pintung Hsien,  Kenting Nat. Park, on  Ficus gall, 17.iii.1984, SO  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens. Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, 1 female, foot of Gnung Brinchang, marginal leaf roll of unknown plant, 26.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO; 1 female, nr. Brinchang, on leaves of?  Sapium sebiferum ( Euphorbiaceae), 27.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06F02555EC8D4D3884AFE73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06E02555EC8D290899CF863.text	0A01879CD06E02555EC8D290899CF863.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips inquinatus (Karny 1921)	<div><p>Mesandrothrips inquinatus (Karny)</p><p>Haplothrips inquinatus Karny 1921: 78–80 .</p><p>This species was described from Java, Indonesia, based on a unique holotype female taken from a leaf gall of tea induced by  Anaphothrips species. Unfortunately, it has not been available in this study. According to the original descriptions, it is very similar to  M. inquilinus, but the apex of fore femur and intermediate antennal segments are darker, and the postocular setae and prothoracic epimeral setae shorter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06E02555EC8D290899CF863	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06D02565EC8D4D38BD3FC06.text	0A01879CD06D02565EC8D4D38BD3FC06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesandrothrips subterraneus (Crawford)	<div><p>Mesandrothrips subterraneus (Crawford)</p><p>Haplothrips (Xylaplothrips) subterraneus Crawford, 1938: 41–43 .</p><p>Trichothrips liliorus Kurosawa, 1938: 154–156 .</p><p>This species was described from England, and its synonym,  Trichothrips liliorus, was described from Japan in the same year. Although, most of the congeners have been known from the tropics and subtropics of Southeast Asia,  subterraneus has been known from the temperate regions of the Palearctic. According to Kurosawa (1938 &amp; 1968), this species occurs under scales of lily bulb together with  Liothrips vaneeckei, and seems to be a predator of  L. vaneeckei . These lily thrips have somewhat isolated distribution, Europe (England and Netherlands) and East Asia (China, Korea and Japan). This distribution is probably due to the fact that the lily bulbs are widely distributed as edibles or ornamental plants. These edible and ornamental lilies probably originate in East Asia, including Japan, and therefore it is likely that both  L. vaneeckei and  M. subterraneus are also East Asian in origin.</p><p>This species has rather long postocular setae which are longer than the eyes, but other generic futures are shared with congeners. Two females listed below under the doubtful specimens from Tochigi, Japan, were taken from  Pinus ( Pinaceae) and  Glycine ( Fabaceae), not  Lilium, have somewhat wider maxillary bridges, but are indistinguishable from  subterraneus in other structures.</p><p>Specimens examined.  Netherlands, 1 female and 1 male .   Japan (Hokkaido,  Honshu), several females and males, Hokkaido, lily bulbs, 7.xii. 1937 (NIAES)  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Japan, Tochigi, Ichikai-machi,  Sugiyama, 1 female, on  Pinus thunbergia, 5.xi.2020, 1 female on  Glycine soja, 20.x.2022, SO  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06D02565EC8D4D38BD3FC06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06D02575EC8D7968E24FD4B.text	0A01879CD06D02575EC8D7968E24FD4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips gen. nov.</p><p>Generic definition. Head variable in shape, usually longer than wide, often almost as long as wide, with a pair of postocular setae. Eyes and ocelli moderately developed; interocellar and postocellar setae minute. Antenna 8- segmented; segments VIII and VII well separated; segment III with two (1+1) or three (1+2), but rarely with one (0+1), segment IV with two (1+1), three (1+2) or four (2+2) major sense cones. Mouth cone rounded; maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae or eyes, wider apart or rather close together; maxillary bridge variable. Prothoracic five pairs of major setae developed, but often am reduced; notopleural suture complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna moderately developed; prospinasternum variable; mesopresternum complete or reduced medially. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Fore tarsus with a lateral tooth, but often unarmed; fore femur usually unarmed, rarely armed with inner small tubercle(s). Fore wings weakly narrowed at middle, with duplicated cilia. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae. Tube longer than half of head length, tapering and straight-sided. Terminal setae variable in length. Males usually show allometric growth and with no pore plate on sternite VIII.</p><p>Type-species.  Neandrothrips pictipes (Bagnall) comb. nov.</p><p>Comments. This genus can easily be distinguished from  Mesandrothrips by the fore tarsus with a lateral tooth (but absent in  inermis species-group). The prothoracic anteromarginal setae usually well developed, rarely reduced, though they are always reduced in  Mesandrothrips . Moreover, almost all  Mesandrothrips species are usually found from leaf galls or leaves association with other thrips species and seem to be predators, though the majority of  Neandrothrips species are collected from dead plants (Table 1) and seem to be fungus-feeders. However, the details of their feeding behaviors are uncertain until now, and require further observations. Although,  Mesandrothrips is closely related to both  Androthrips and  Karnyothrips, which also seem to be predators,  Neandrothrips is possibly not so closely related to them. Furthermore,  Neandrothrips species usually exhibit extreme allometric growth in males, whereas  Mesandrothrips do not show this variation, as indicated above.</p><p>There may be about 40 species in this genus, of which 28 species are known from eastern Asia. Those Asian species can be classified into three species-groups,  bamboosae -group,  inermis -group and  pictipes -group. The  bamboosae -group has the mesopresternum reduced medially, maxillary stylets rather close together, maxillary bridge usually situated far from base of head and narrower than one-quarter of head width in female and the fore tarsus with a lateral tooth. The  inermis -group has the mesopresternum complete, maxillary stylets rather wider apart, V-shaped, maxillary bridge usually situated around the postoccipital ridge and wider than one-third of head width in female, and the fore tarsus unarmed. The  pictipes -group has the mesopresternum complete, maxillary stylets more or less wider apart, V-shaped, maxillary bridge usually situated around the postoccipital ridge and wider than one-third of head width in female, and the fore tarsus with a lateral tooth. The presence of fore tarsal lateral tooth is shared by  bamboosae - and  pictipes -groups, and the complete mesopresternum and wider maxillary bridge are shared by  inermis - and  pictipes -groups. Moreover, most species of  bamboosae -group have the mesopresternum reduced medially, whereas a species,  N. simulans sp. nov., has this slightly thicker at middle (Fig. 268). In this way, it can be divided by a combination of several characteristics, but it is unlikely that it is so different that it can be divided into genera. In addition, some species distributed in India and Australia exhibit intermediate characteristics between these species-groups. For instance,  N. lamingtoni comb. nov. from Australia and  N. ligs comb. nov. from India are somewhat similar to the species included in the  pictipes -group, but has the mesopresternum reduced medially.</p><p>Species transferred from  Mesandrothrips and  Xylaplothrips</p><p>[Most of these nomenclatural changes are based on the published descriptions]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06D02575EC8D7968E24FD4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06C02515EC8D6BF8FB1FCFB.text	0A01879CD06C02515EC8D6BF8FB1FCFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips acutisetis (Dang, L-P. Zhao, Xie, L. Zhao & Qiao 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips acutisetis comb. nov., ( Mesandrothrips), China</p><p>Neandrothrips austrosteensia comb. nov., ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Nesndrothrips bamboosae (Okajima) comb. nov. ( Xylaplothrips), Japan</p><p>Neandrothrips bogoriensis (Karny) comb. nov. ( Xylaplothrips), Indonesia</p><p>Neandrothrips caliginosus (zur Strassen) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Canary Isls.</p><p>Neandrothrips clavipes (Karny) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips dubius (Okajima) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Japan</p><p>Neandrothrips debilis (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Xylaplothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips emineus (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips flavus (Ananthakrishnan) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips googongi (Mound &amp; Tree) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips kurandae (Mound &amp; Tree) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips lamingtoni (Mound &amp; Tree) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips ligs (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Xylaplothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips mimus (Priesner) comb. nov. ( Xylaplothrips), Zaire</p><p>Neandrothrips montanus (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips oleariae (Mound &amp; Tree) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips pictipes (Bagnall) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips pusillu s (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Neandrothrips reedi (Pitkin) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), Australia</p><p>Neandrothrips tener (Ananthakrishnan &amp; Jagadish) comb. nov. ( Mesandrothrips), India</p><p>Key to  Neandrothrips species from eastern Asia</p><p>[excluding  N. bogoriensis (Karny); *: indicated from published descriptions]</p><p>1. Mesopresternum transverse (cf. Fig. 131), complete or nearly complete (cf. Fig. 153); maxillary stylets wider apart (cf. Figs 130 &amp; 169); maxillary bridge usually situated around basal collar of head............................................ 2</p><p>-. Mesopresternum reduced medially, narrowly boat-shaped (cf. Fig. 113) or divided (cf. Fig. 316), but rarely weakly swollen medially (cf. Fig. 268); maxillary stylets rather close together (cf. Fig. 187); maxillary bridge situated far apart from basal collar of head ( bamboosae -group)............................................................................ 25</p><p>2. Fore tarsus unarmed (cf. Figs 173–174) ( inermis -group)...................................................... 3</p><p>-. Fore tarsus with a lateral tooth ( pictipes -group).............................................................. 5</p><p>3. Antennal segment IV with two (1+1 +1) major sense cones......................................  subinermis sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with three (1+2 +1) major sense cones.................................................... 4</p><p>4. Antennal segment IV paler (Fig. 176), pale brown, much paler than segments VI–VIII; maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae (Fig. 169); ommatidia close together; postero-lateral setae S1 on tergite VI long, almost as long as S1 on tergite IX, or longer; S1 on tergite IX a little shorter than tube.................................................  inermis sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV brown (Fig. 226), scarcely paler than segments VI–VIII; maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae (Fig. 219); ommatidia scarcely spaced from each other; postero-lateral setae S1 on tergite VI short, shorter than S1 on tergite IX; S1 on tergite IX a little longer than tube...............................................  ommatocellus sp. nov.</p><p>5. Antennal segment III with two (1+1) sense cones............................................................ 6</p><p>-. Antennal segment III with three (1+2) sense cones.......................................................... 12</p><p>6. Antennal segment IV with four major sense cones, (2+2)...................................................... 7</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with one outer small sense cone in addition with four major sense cones, (2+2 +1)................. 8</p><p>7. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 182); metanotal median pair of setae closer together (Fig. 213), less than 40µm apart from each other, and situated far from anterior margin of metanotum...........................................  kutae sp. nov.</p><p>-. Body bicolored brown and yellow (Figs 238–239), head, thorax and tube brown, abdomen largely yellow; metanotal median setae far apart from each other (Fig. 259), more than 45µm apart, and closer to anterior margin of metanotum..  rangi sp. nov.</p><p>8. Body bicolored pale brown and yellow (Figs 242–243); distance of both metanotal median setae a little narrower than the distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum; male fore tibia with several stout seta-bearing tubercles on inner margin near apex (Fig. 278)............................................................  spinipes sp. nov.</p><p>-. Body uniformly brown to dark brown..................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Distance between each metanotal median setae much narrower than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metathorax (Fig. 150)............................................................  pictipes comb. nov. (in part)</p><p>-. Distance between each metanotal median setae wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metathorax (cf. Fig. 343)........................................................................................... 10</p><p>10. Antennal segment III pale brown (Fig. 348), a little paler than segment II; head about 1.1 times as long as wide (Figs 339– 340).....................................................................  yangmingshanae sp. nov. (in part)</p><p>-. Antennal segment III yellow (cf. Fig. 210), in contrast with brown segment II; head longer, 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide. 11</p><p>11. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 138); maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae; fore wing with 5–7 duplicated cilia; terminal tube setae about 1.5 times as long as tube; antennal segment IV pale brown (Fig. 143), with basal one-third yellow; hind tibiae yellow.................................................................  balianus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Head about 1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 204); maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae; fore wing with 1–4 duplicated cilia; terminal tube setae about 1.2 times as long as tube; antennal segment IV brown (Fig. 210), in contrast with yellow segment III; hind tibiae largely brown......................................................  kundasangi sp. nov. (in part)</p><p>12. Antennal segment IV with three (1+2 +1) major sense cones......................................  uniformis sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with four major sense cones, (2+2) or (2+2 +1)............................................ 13</p><p>13. Antennal segment IV with four major sense cones, (2+2); prothoracic am setae usually short and pointed, often weakly expanded..............................................................................  dubius comb. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with a small outer sense cone in addition to four major sense cones, (2+2 +1).................... 14</p><p>14. Prothoracic am setae short and pointed, or reduced to discal setae; terminal tube setae shorter than tube................ 15</p><p>-. Prothoracic am setae developed, expanded; terminal tube setae longer than tube................................... 17</p><p>15. Major body setae pointed; postocular setae longer than eyes; fore wing without duplicated cilia; fore tarsal tooth largely developed; tube about 0.7 times as long as head; body longer than 2.0mm, longer than 1.7mm in male.  acutisetis comb. nov. *</p><p>-. Major body setae expanded, blunt or truncated, at least not pointed; postocular setae much shorter than eyes; fore wing with duplicated cilia; fore tarsal tooth small; tube shorter than 0.65 times as long as head; body shorter than 1.7mm in female, shorter than 1.4mm in male.................................................................................. 16</p><p>16. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 144), or a little longer; maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae; postero-lateral setae S2 on tergites III–V weakly expanded; tube shorter than 0.56 times as long as head in female.........  boninae sp. nov.</p><p>-. Head almost as long as wide (Fig. 307); maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae; postero-lateral setae S2 on tergites III–V pointed; tube longer than 0.60 times as long as head in female.....................................  taiwanus sp. nov.</p><p>17. Distance between each metanotal median setae much narrower than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metathorax (Fig. 150)............................................................  pictipes comb. nov. (in part)</p><p>-. Distance between each metanotal median setae wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metathorax (cf. Fig. 154)........................................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Fore femur with two dentate tubercles on inner surface (Fig. 157)..................................  dentipes sp. nov.</p><p>-. Fore femur unarmed, or armed with several small tubercles................................................... 19</p><p>19. Fore femur armed with several small tubercles on inner surface................................................ 20</p><p>-. Fore femur unarmed.................................................................................. 21</p><p>20. Fore femur with a sub-basal indistinct swelling on inner-ventral surface, usually scattered with a series of small tubercles from the swelling to middle (Figs 126–127); terminal tube setae about 1.4 times as long as tube; hind tibiae yellow..............................................................................................  andromorphus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Fore femur with about 5 small tubercles on inner-ventral surface at middle (Fig. 295); terminal tube setae about 1.9 times as long as tube; hind tibiae largely brown, with bases and extreme apices paler......................  tabananensis sp. nov.</p><p>21. Postero-lateral setae S2 on tergite VI pointed.............................................................. 22</p><p>-. Postero-lateral setae S2 on tergite VI blunt or expanded, at least not pointed...................................... 23</p><p>22. Dorsal surface of head smooth at middle; maxillary bridge about 0.4 times as wide as head in female; tergite IX S2 setae as long as tube in female...........................................................................  apoae sp. nov.</p><p>-. Dorsal surface of head distinctly sculptured with transverse reticulation or striae; maxillary bridge almost one-third of head width; tergite IX S2 setae shorter than tube....................................................  kadazani sp. nov.</p><p>23. Antennal segment III yellow (Fig. 210), in contrast with segments I–II and IV–VIII that are uniformly brown; terminal tube setae relatively short, about 1.2 times as long as tube...................................  kundasangi sp. nov. (in part)</p><p>-. Antennal segment III yellowish brown to brown (cf. Fig. 168); terminal tube setae longer than 1.5 times as long as tube... 24</p><p>24. Head about 1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 159); S2 setae on tergite VI distinctly expanded; terminal tube setae 1.8–1.9 times as long as tube; tube shorter than 0.57 times as long as head in female............................  ilomavisae sp. nov.</p><p>-. Head about 1.1 times as long as head (Fig. 339); S2 setae on tergite VI usually blunt, often very weakly expanded; terminal tube setae 1.5–1.6 times as long as tube; tube longer than 0.60 times as long as head in female.  yangmingshanae sp. nov. (in part)</p><p>25. Antennal segment III with only one (0+1) sense cone............................................  uniconus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment III with two (1+1) or three (1+2) sense cones............................................... 26</p><p>26. Antennal segment III with two (1+1) sense cones........................................................... 27</p><p>-. Antennal segment III with three (1+2) sense cones.......................................................... 29</p><p>27. Antennal segments III–VI largely yellowish; pronotal am setae reduced, short and acute...........  bamboosae comb. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segments III–VI largely brown; pronotal am setae developed, pointed or expanded......................... 28</p><p>28. Antennal segment IV with (1 ++11 +1) sense cones, two small sense cones present in addition to two major sense cones, one situated on outside, the other situated inside of outer major sense cone on dorsal surface; postocular and pronotal major setae pointed; mesopresternum narrow at middle (Fig. 188); sub-basal wing setae S1 expanded, S2 blunt, S3 pointed.................................................................................................  japonicus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with (1 ++11) sense cones, one small sense cones present in addition to two major sense cones, situated inside of outer major sense cone on dorsal surface; postocular setae expanded; pronotal major setae expanded; mesopresternum swollen at middle (Fig. 268); three sub-basal wing setae expanded.................................  simulans sp. nov.</p><p>29. Antennal segment IV with three (1+2 +1) sense cones.............................................  pahangi sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennal segment IV with four (2+2 +1) sense cones......................................................... 30</p><p>30. Tibiae largely brown; antennal segment VIII conical, not constricted at base (Fig. 118); maxillary bridge very weak; prosternal basantra narrow (Fig. 113); tergite IX S1 and S2 setae shorter than tube; tube about 0.5 times as long as head; terminal tube setae shorter than 1.5 times as long as tube......................................................  agkoae sp. nov</p><p>-. Tibiae largely yellowish; antennal segment VIII weakly constricted at base, well separated from segment VII (Fig. 322); maxillary bridge distinct; prosternal basantra broad (Fig. 316); tergite IX S1 and S2 setae longer than tube; tube about 0.45 times as long as head; terminal tube setae about 2.0 times as long as tube.............................  tonesai sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06C02515EC8D6BF8FB1FCFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06A02515EC8D7948808FA83.text	0A01879CD06A02515EC8D7948808FA83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips acutisetis (Dang, L-P. Zhao, Xie, L. Zhao & Qiao 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips acutisetis (Dang, L-P. Zhao, Xie, L. Zhao &amp; Qiao) comb. nov.</p><p>Mesandrothrips acutisetis Dang, L-P. Zhao, Xie, L. Zhao &amp; Qiao, 2020: 124–125 .</p><p>This species was described from Shaanxi, China, based on four females and two males taken from weeds and grasses. It may be included in the  pictipes -group and is peculiar in having the major body setae pointed, the postocular setae elongate, longer than eyes, and the fore wings without duplicated cilia. Despite the prothoracic anteroangular setae reduced, the fore tarsus with a distinct lateral tooth and the mesopresternum not reduced medially. Unfortunately, it has not been available in this study  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06A02515EC8D7948808FA83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06A02535EC8D1138B0BF809.text	0A01879CD06A02535EC8D1138B0BF809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips agkoae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips agkoae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 102, 112–118)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 102). Fore femora brown, mid and hind femora brown with extreme apices brown; fore tibia brown, mid and hind tibiae brown with bases and apices yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III somewhat paler with base scarcely paler. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 112) longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide; dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured laterally. Cheeks very weakly rounded, constricted at base, weakly bulged at anterior end, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli moderately developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 18µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; about 90µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 118) relatively short, shorter than 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII conical, not constricted at base, but basal width narrower than apical width of segment VII, about 0.6 times as long as VII; segment III formed asymmetrically, almost as long as segment VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, close together, about one-fifth of head width apart; maxillary bridge very weak. Pronotum (Fig. 112) shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.56 times in holotype, about 1.8 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae well developed, expanded; am setae almost as long as aa, or a little longer; pa and epim subequal in length, almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 113) inverted triangle, but weak, about 40µm wide; mesopresternum reduced to lateral small triangles. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed. expanded, 25µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 114) sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 47µm apart from each other, 33–34µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth small (Fig. 116). Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 115) trapezoid, weak, about 1.4 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. S1 setae on abdominal tergite IX bluntly pointed, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, almost as long as S1, or a little shorter; intermediate setae about half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 117) about 0.5 times as long as head, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae longer than 1.3 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1560 (distended). Head length 183, from anterior margin of eyes 170, width across eyes 122, maximum width across cheeks 140, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 58; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae 40–42. Maxillary bridge width about 30. Antenna total length about 280, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 36 (23), 40 (26), 37 (23), 37 (22), 37 (21), 22 (11). Pronotum length 102, width 183. Setae on prothorax: am 32–34, aa 30, ml 38–40, pa 40, epim 42. Fore wing length 640. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –33, S2 32 –35, S3 35 –40. Pelta length 60, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S1 77–78, S2 73. Tube length 92, maximum width 46; terminal setae 125.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines,  Mindanao, Mt.Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300m, on dead fern, 30.vii.1979, SO  .   Paratypes: the Philippines,  Mindanao,  2 females, collected together with holotype; 1 female, data very similar to holotype, but collected from dead leaves.</p><p>Comments. This species is included in the  bamboosae -group and somewhat similar to  N. tonesai sp. nov. from Phuket Is., Thailand, described below in having rather long head with the maxillary stylets more or less close together, and the mesopresternum reduced medially. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the following features: tibiae largely brown; maxillary bridge very weak; antennal segment VIII shorter and conical, not constricted at base; tergite IX S1 and S2 setae shorter than tube; terminal tube setae shorter than 1.5 times as long as tube.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06A02535EC8D1138B0BF809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD067025E5EC8D4D388F4FC93.text	0A01879CD067025E5EC8D4D388F4FC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips andromorphus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips andromorphus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 103–104, 119–129)</p><p>Female (macroptera).   Distended body length: 1.7–1.9mm.  Body brown (Fig. 103). All femora brown, concolorous with head; fore tibia scarcely shaded with brown, with apex paler, mid tibia scarcely shaded with brown medially, hind tibia yellow; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III yellowish brown, with extreme base paler, segment IV with extreme base slightly paler. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown, but paler at base and apex. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 119) longer than wide, more than 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.26 times in holotype ,   widest just behind eyes; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse reticulation.  Cheeks very weakly rounded or almost straight, gradually constricted towards base, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, a little longer than 1/3 of head length. Ocelli moderately developed; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 22µm apart from each other in holotype  .   Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 104µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype  .   Antennae (Fig. 129) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, a little shorter than 0.7 times as long as segment VII, 0.65 times in holotype ;  segments III and IV subequal in length, much longer than segment VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets usually not reaching postocular setae, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge about 0.4 times as wide as head, 0.42 times in holotype .   Pronotum (Fig. 119) 0.62–0.66 times as long as head, 0.64 times in holotype , about 1.6 times as wide as long, 1.57 times in holotype; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am setae slender, but almost as long as aa; ml, pa and epim well developed, ml almost as long as postocular setae; epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 122) irregularly shaped, inverted triangle, 25µm wide in holotype;   mesopresternum complete.  Mesonotal lateral setae developed, weakly expanded, about 20µm long (invisible in holotype). Metanotum (Fig. 123) sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, 20–25µm long, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 53µm apart from each other, 30–34µm apart from anterior margin in holotype  .   Fore femur (Fig. 126) with a sub-basal indistinct swelling on inner-ventral surface, usually scattered with a series of small tubercles from the swelling to middle; fore tibia with a small sub-apical seta-bearing tubercle; fore tarsus (Fig. 125) with a stout tooth. Fore wing with 4–7 duplicated cilia, 5–6 in holotype ;   three sub-basal setae well developed, expanded, S3 the longest.  Pelta (Fig. 124) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, about 1.5 times as wide as long in holotype  .   Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III expanded, IV – VIII pointed, but those on V often blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt or bluntly pointed, but often nearly pointed, shorter than S2, S2 finely pointed, shorter than tube; intermediate setae longer than half of Sl. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.61 times in holotype , longer than 2.0 times as long as wide, 2.34 times in holotype; terminal setae about 1.3–1.4 times as long as tube, 1.37 times in holotype.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1890 (distended). Head length 191, from anterior margin of eyes 177, width across eyes 147, maximum width across cheeks 151, minimum width across base 120; eyes length 69; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–16; postocular setae 40–42. Maxillary bridge width 63. Antenna total length 345, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 50 (27), 50 (27), 44 (23), 43 (22), 40 (19), 26 (11). Pronotum length 122, width 192. Setae on prothorax: am 23–25, aa 26–28, ml 42–45, pa 48–49, epim 50–52. Fore wing length 810. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 47 –48, S2 53 –55, S3 68–70. Pelta length 65, width 98. Tergite IX setae: S1 85–86, S2 92. Tube length 117, maximum width 50; terminal setae 160.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.4–1.7mm.Very similar to macropterous female, and show extreme allometric growth (Fig. 104). Small male very similar to female, but cheeks rounded (Fig. 120); metanotal median pair of setae closer together. Large male: head about 1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 121); prothorax enlarged, am setae much shorter than aa; fore femur enlarged, usually with a series of small tubercles, often indistinct, arranged in a line on inner-ventral surface (Fig. 127); fore tarsal tooth stout</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1430–1650 (distended). Head length 172– 182, from anterior margin of eyes 153–168, width across eyes 130–137, maximum width across cheeks 133–140, minimum width across base 103–107; eyes length 63–67; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–17; postocular setae 42–42. Maxillary bridge width 65–59. Antenna total length 315–360, segments III–VIII length as follows: 45–50, 45–54, 37–45, 39–47, 39–41, 25–28. Pronotum length 95–118, width 157–180. Setae on prothorax: am 22–22, aa 24–35, ml 38–43, pa 43–48, epim 45–53. Fore wing length 640–710. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 38 –46, S2 40 –53, S3 61–70. Pelta length 57–63, width 67–80. Tergite IX setae: S1 60 –60, S2 20 –23. Tube length 97–103, maximum width 40–45; terminal setae 140–150.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female,  Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 25.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratypes:  Peninsular Malaysia, 13 females and 10 males, collected together with holotype; 3 females and 3 males, data very similar to holotype, but 27.viii.1990; Cameron</p><p>Highland, foot of  Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 1 female, 29.viii.1990, 4 females and 2 males, 19.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO; Fraser’s Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 2 males, 13.ix.1990, 1 female, 14.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens. Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 5 females, 25.viii.1990, 3 females, 27.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO; 1 female, Cameron Highland, foot of Gnung Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 26.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO; 2 females, Cameron Highland, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is collected from mountainous area of Peninsular Malaysia. It may be included in the  pictipes -group, and is somewhat similar to  N. kadazani sp. nov. described below from Sabah, Borneo. It can be distinguished by the following features: maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae (reaching eyes in  kadazani); maxillary bridge wider than 0.4 times as wide as head in female (about one-third of head width in  kadazani); fore femur with a series of small tubercles on inner-ventral surface (smooth in  kadazani). Eleven females listed under the doubtful specimens were collected together with the type series of  andromorphus, but have the fore femora unarmed and the posteromarginal setae S1 on tergite IX elongate. It is not yet clear whether these morphological differences are simply intraspecific variations or due to different species.</p><p>The fore femora of this species have a series of small tubercles on inner-ventral surface, and similar structures are also found in  Androthrips species. However,  Androthrips species has the prothoracic anteromarginal setae reduced, a distinct sub-basal inner tubercle on the fore femur, usually has an apical inner scale on the fore tibia in both sexes, and is not considered so closely related.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD067025E5EC8D4D388F4FC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06502585EC8D7228F11FE2B.text	0A01879CD06502585EC8D7228F11FE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips apoae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips apoae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 105, 130–137)</p><p>Female (macroptera).   Distended body length: 1.4–1.6mm.  Body brown (Fig. 105). All femora brown; all tibiae shaded with brown, but bases and apices paler; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III brownish yellow. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 130) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.19 times in holotype ;   dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, weakly sculptured laterally with transverse striae.  Cheeks very weakly rounded, constricted at base, weakly cut in at anterior end, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli moderately developed; posterior pair separated from eyes, about 20µm apart from each other in holotype  .   Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 88µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype  .   Antennae (Fig. 137) shorter about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, about three-fourths of segment VII; segments III and IV subequal in length, longer than segment VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge very weak, about 0.4 times as wide as head. Pronotum (Fig. 130) 0.63–0.68 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype , about 1.7 times as wide as long, 1.74 times in holotype;   almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am setae almost as long as aa; epim a little longer than pa, much longer than postocular setae.  Prospinasternum (Fig. 131) irregularly shaped, narrower than 25µm; mesopresternum complete, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae developed. expanded, about 20µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 132) sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, 20– 23µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 45µm apart from each other, 26–27µm apart from anterior margin in holotype  .   Fore tarsus (Fig. 134) with a tooth. Fore wing with 3–6 duplicated cilia, 4–5 in holotype ;   three sub-basal setae well developed, expanded, S3 the longest.  Pelta (Fig. 133) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, 1.54 times as wide as long in holotype  .   Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III and IV weakly expanded, but those on IV often bluntly pointed, V pointed or bluntly pointed, at least not expanded, VI – VIII pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae bluntly pointed, but often nearly pointed, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than S1, almost as long as tube; intermediate setae about half of Sl. Tube longer than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.63 times in holotype , about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.2–1.3 times as long as tube, 1.26 times in holotype.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1530 (distended). Head length 155, from anterior margin of eyes 140, width across eyes 123, maximum width across cheeks 130, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 30–33. Maxillary bridge width 53. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 39 (25), 40 (28), 36 (25), 36 (22), 33 (19), 25 (10). Pronotum length 102, width 177. Setae on prothorax: am 27–29, aa 28, ml 35–36, pa 36–40, epim 40–42. Fore wing length 630. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32 –35, S2 37 –39, S3 44 –45. Pelta length 52, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S1 75, S2 92–100. Tube length 97, maximum width 47; terminal setae 122.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, and shows slight allometric growth. Tip of pseudovirga widely rounded (Fig. 136), 12–13µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1250 (distended). Head length 155, from anterior margin of eyes 138, width across eyes 113, maximum width across cheeks 123, minimum width across base 103; eyes length 54; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 37–38. Maxillary bridge width 60. Antenna total length 270, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37, 38, 32, 35, 34, 26. Pronotum length 90, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 22–24, aa 26, ml 33–35, pa 30–33, epim 32–35. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –32, S2 30 –33, S3 42 –43. Pelta length 43, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1 65–67, S2 about 20. Tube length 78, maximum width 42; terminal setae 120.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines,  Mindanao, Mt.Apo, Agko, on half dead grass, 2.viii.1979, SO  .   Paratype: the Philippines, Mindanao, 15 females and 6 males, collected together with holotype; locality and collector as in holotype, 2 females and 5 males, on dead branches, 30.vii.1979, 12 females and 5 males, on dead fern, 30.vii.1979, 5 females and 1 male, on dead leaves, 30.vii.1979, 4 females and 1 male, on half dead grass, 31.vii.1979, 1 female, on bush with bamboo, 31.vii.1979, 10 females and 1 male, on dead leaves, 31.vii.1979, 3 females and 1 male, on half dead grass, 1.viii.1979, 8 females and 3 males, on dead leaves, 2.viii.1979, 8 females and 1 male, on dead leaves, 3.viii.1979, 5 females and 2 males, on dead Palmae fronds, 4.viii.1979; North Cotabato,  Ilomavis, 1 female and 2 males, on dead leaves, 26.vii.1979, 6 females and 1 male, on dead fern, 27.vii.1979, 10 females and 3 males, on dead leaves, 28.vii.1979, 16 females, on dead branches, 29.vii.1979, 5 females and 1 male, on dead twigs, 29.vii.1979, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species was taken from the mountainous region of Mindanao, the Philippines, and may be included in the  pictipes -group. It is described based on a good series of females and males taken mainly from dead plants, and probably related to  N. kundasangi sp. nov. described below from Sabah, Borneo. However,  N. apoae has three sense cones on antennal segment III, whereas  kundasangi has only two sense cones on that segment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06502585EC8D7228F11FE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06302595EC8D5BA8B27F900.text	0A01879CD06302595EC8D5BA8B27F900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips balianus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips balianus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 106, 138–143)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 106). All femora brown, almost concolorous with head; fore and mid tibiae yellowish brown, with apices paler, hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and VI – VIII brown; segment III yellow, segment IV pale brown, with basal one-third yellow; segment V yellowish brown, a little darker than segment IV, with bases paler. Fore wing scarcely tinged with pale brown at middle. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 138) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.23 times in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle. Cheeks subparallel, very weakly rounded, but constricted basally, weakly serrated. Eyes a little longer than one-third of head length, 0.36 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli normal; posterior pair almost in contact with eyes, 23µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 102µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 143) longer than 1.8 times as long as head, 1.82 times in holotype; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, about 0.8 times as long as segment VII, 0.78 times in holotype; segments III almost as long as segment IV, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to the middle of head capsule, not reaching postocular setae, widely apart from each other, almost V-shaped. Maxillary bridge distinct, a little narrower than half of head width, 0.45 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum about 0.6 times as long as head, about 1.7 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, pa almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 139) fan-shaped, about 30µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, about 19–20µm long in holotype. Metanotum (Fig. 140) sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but weak at middle; median pair of setae pointed, 20–27µm long, distance between both median setae a little narrower than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 46µm apart from each other, 42µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus (Fig. 138) with a tooth. Fore wing with 5–7 duplicated cilia, 7 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 and S2 subequal in length, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 141) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.5 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 pointed, longer than S1, but shorter than tube; intermediate setae about two-thirds of Sl. Tube (Fig. 142) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.59 times in holotype, about 2.2 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1620 (distended). Head length 177, from anterior margin of eyes 160, width across eyes 140, maximum width across cheeks 144, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 63; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 65. Antenna total length 322, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (23), 46 (25), 40 (23), 38 (20), 37 (18), 29 (11). Pronotum length 107, width 180. Setae on prothorax: am 23–25, aa?20, ml 28, pa 31–32, epim more than 30. Fore wing length 655. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 33 –34, S2 33, S3 53 –56. Pelta length 60, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 72, S2 93. Tube length 105, maximum width 48; terminal setae 160.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Jatiluwih,  Peteli Temple, 915m alt., habitut uncertain, 13.viii.2006, SO  .   Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 1 female,  Belimbing, alt. about 600m, on dead leaves and branches, 27.vii.1984, SO ;   1 female, Tabanan,  Batu Sesa, 1270m alt., 14.viii.2005, SO ;   1 female, Tabanan, Muncak Sari,  Pura Luhur, 780m alt., 2.ix.2005, SO ;   1 female, Tabanan, near Wangaya,  Pura Jero Sasah, 900m alt., on bamboo, 4.ix.2005, SO ;  1 female, Tabanan, Bedugul, FIT trap, 14.vii.2005, T. Ishikawa .</p><p>Comments. This species is included in the  pictipes -group, and can be discriminated from congeners by a combination of the following features: antennal segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively; maxillary stylets wider apart, not reaching postocular setae; maxillary bridge 0.45 times as wide as head; metanotal median pair of setae more than 40µm apart from anterior margin of metanotum; postero-lateral setae S2 on tergites III–VI expanded; hind tibia clear yellow. Apparently, it is somewhat similar to  N. boninae sp. nov. from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, but  boninae has antennal segment III with three sense cones, the hind tibiae largely brownish, and the prominent body setae very weakly expanded or almost truncated, at least not distinctly expanded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06302595EC8D5BA8B27F900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD062025A5EC8D2938E67FE9B.text	0A01879CD062025A5EC8D2938E67FE9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips bamboosae (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips bamboosae (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>Xylaplothrips bamboosae Okajima, 2006: 598–599 .</p><p>This species was described from the temperate region of Honshu, Japan, based on a series of females and males taken from bamboo, and is included in the  bamboosae -group. It may be related to  N. simulans sp. nov. described below from a somewhat wider range of tropical Southeast Asia. They have two major and one small sense cones (1 ++11) on antennal segment IV, and the position of the small sense cone is peculiar within the genus. It is situated inside of the outer major sense cone on dorsal surface of the segment. From  simulans, it can easily be distinguished by the intermediate antennal segments paler, the pronotal anteromarginal setae reduced, the sub-basal wing setae S3 pointed or bluntly pointed, and the tube much longer than half of the head length.</p><p>Specimens examined.  Japan (Honshu), the type series (see Okajima 2006: 599) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD062025A5EC8D2938E67FE9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD061025A5EC8D52A8821FD60.text	0A01879CD061025A5EC8D52A8821FD60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips bogoriensis (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips bogoriensis (Karny) comb. nov.</p><p>Brachythrips bogoriensis Karny, 1923: 285–289 .</p><p>Xylaplothrips bogoriensis (Karny); Dang et al., 2014: 76.</p><p>This species was described from Buitenzorg (=Bogor), Java, Indonesia based on a unique holotype female taken from under bark of  Albizzia (?  Albizia) species. Unfortunately, it has not been available in this study. According to Dang et al. (2014), it has three sense cones on both antennal segment III and IV and the maxillary stylets wider apart with wider maxillary bridge. This sense cone formula is shared only with  N. uniformis sp. nov. from Peninsular Malaysia, but  bogoriensis has no duplicated cilium on the fore wing. This species had been kept in ‘species incertae sedis ’ in Mound and Tree (2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD061025A5EC8D52A8821FD60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD061025B5EC8D7738BC3F969.text	0A01879CD061025B5EC8D7738BC3F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips boninae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips boninae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 107, 144–151)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.5mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 107). Legs dark brown, but apices of tibiae yellowish (Fig. 149); tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and VI – VIII brown; segment III yellow, segment IV brownish yellow; segment V yellowish brown, a little darker than segment IV, with bases paler. Fore wing pale in distal half, scarcely shaded with pale brown in basal half, but paler at base. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 144) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.24 times in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle. Cheeks subparallel, but distinctly constricted at base. Eyes about one-third as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 27µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, very weakly expanded or truncated; 103µm apart from each other, 12–13µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 151) longer than 1.7 times as long as head, 1.75 times in holotype; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, about 0.8 times as long as segment VII, 0.79 times in holotype; segments III almost as long as segment IV, truncated at apex, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to the middle of head capsule, not reaching postocular setae. Maxillary bridge moderately developed, a little wider than one-third of head width, 0.37 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 144) relatively short, shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.55 times in holotype, 1.8– 1.9 times as wide as long, 1.87 times in holotype; almost smooth, median apodeme very weak; am setae reduced (ml invisible in both holotype and paratypes, and there is a possibility that it is also reduced); aa, pa and epim developed, but short and very weakly expanded or truncated. Prospinasternum (Fig. 145) fan-shaped, 33µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae short and finely pointed, about 15µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 146) sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, 22–23µm long, distance between both median setae narrower than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, about 30µm apart from each other, 37µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a small tooth (Fig. 148). Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively short, expanded, but S3 often blunt. Pelta (Fig. 147) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.64 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – V very weakly expanded, but V often blunt, VI and VII usually blunt, VIII very weakly expanded or truncated. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae blunt, much shorter than tube, S2 a little longer than S1; intermediate setae about two-thirds of Sl. Tube (Fig. 150) longer than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.56 times in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae a little shorter than tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1700 (distended). Head length 186, from anterior margin of eyes 168, width across eyes 146, maximum width across cheeks 150, minimum width across base 129; eyes length 62; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13; postocular setae 26–28. Maxillary bridge width 55. Antenna total length 325, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 46 (27), 45 (28), 39 (25), 39 (23), 38 (20), 30 (13). Pronotum length 103, width 193. Setae on prothorax: am less than 10, aa 15–17, ml?, pa 20–22, epim 26–28. Fore wing length 660. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –27, S2 22, S3 35. Pelta length 62, width 102. Tergite IX setae: S1 64–65, S2 69–70. Tube length 105, maximum width 53; terminal setae 97–98.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.  Holotype macropterous female, Japan, Ogasawara, Chichi-jima Is., habitat uncertain, 18.iv.1997, T. Matsumoto &amp; T. Kishimoto .  Paratypes: Japan, Ogasawara, 4 females, collected together with holotype .</p><p>Comments. This species is distinct in having a combination of the following features: antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively; postocular setae truncate at apex, very weakly expanded; pronotum rather short, shorter than 0.6 times as long as head; pronotal am setae reduced; mesonotal lateral setae short and pointed; metanotal median pair of setae far apart from anterior margin, closer together; terminal tube setae a little shorter than tube. Unfortunately, the habitat of the type material is uncertain. It may be included in the  pictipes -group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD061025B5EC8D7738BC3F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD06002445EC8D3048841F85B.text	0A01879CD06002445EC8D3048841F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips dentipes Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips dentipes sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 108, 152–158)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 108). All femora brown, fore femora with apices paler; fore tibiae yellowish brown, mid and hind tibiae pale brown, with bases paler; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III with basal one-third paler, segment IV with extreme base scarcely paler. Fore wing very weakly shaded with pale brown, but basal one-third pale. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 152) a little longer than wide, about 1.1 times as long as wide; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse reticles or striae. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, a little longer than 1/3 of head length, 0.38 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair 25µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 105µm apart from each other, 7–8µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 158) about 1.9 times as long as head, 1.89 times in holotype; segment VIII relatively slender, weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, longer than 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III a little shorter than IV, longer than VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge wide, wider than 1/3 of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 152) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.68 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as wide as long, 1.69 times in holotype; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae well developed, expanded; am and aa subequal in length, ml and pa elongate, almost as long as postocular setae, epim a little longer than pa. Prospinasternum (Fig. 153) variable in shape, 20–30µm wide; mesopresternum complete, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 154) distinctly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, wider apart from each other and closer from anterior margin of metanotum, 46µm apart from each other, 32–36µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore femur (Figs 156 &amp; 157) with two dentate inner tubercles, posterior one larger and situated at middle; fore tibia with a seta bearing small inner tubercle at anterior one-third; fore tarsus with a well-developed tooth. Fore wing with 6–7 duplicated cilia, 6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 155) trapezoid, with distinctly reticulate, about 1.6 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, but those on tergite V and VI often blunt or very weakly expanded, VII finely pointed, VIII blunt. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, much shorter than tube, 0.65 times as long as tube in paratype (these setae are missing in holotype), S2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube; intermediate setae long, longer than two-thirds of Sl. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae 1.6–1.7 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1560 (distended). Head length 159, from anterior margin of eyes 149, width across eyes 140, maximum width across cheeks 144, minimum width across base 121; eyes length 60; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae 40–43. Maxillary bridge width 60. Antenna total length about 300, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (27), 45 (27), 39 (23), 38 (20), 37 (18), 27 (9). Pronotum length 108, width 182. Setae on prothorax: am 27–29, aa 26–28, ml 35–37, pa 41–42, epim 46–48. Fore wing length 630. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 35 –37, S2 40 –43, S3 45 –48. Pelta length 55, width 88. Tergite IX setae: S1?, S2 about 100. Tube length 95, maximum width 46; terminal setae 150–160.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3–1.4mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1270 (distended). Head length 149, from anterior margin of eyes 138, width across eyes 126, maximum width across cheeks 127, minimum width across base 100; eyes length 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–14; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 63. Antenna total length 286, segments III–VIII length as follows: 38, 41, 37, 34, 35, 26. Pronotum length 90, width 148. Setae on prothorax: am 26–27, aa?25, ml 33–34, pa 40, epim?40. Fore wing length 540. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 31 –32, S2 38 –39, S3 40 –42. Pelta length 45, width 73. Tergite IX setae: S1 62–63, S2 25 –27. Tube length 90, maximum width 38; terminal setae 155–156.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali,  Kuta (sea level), on dead leaves and branches, 23.vii.1984, SO  .  Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 2 female and 3 male, collected together with holotype; 5 females and 1 male, data very similar to holotype, but 30.viii.1984;   1 male, Buleleng,  Pura Belatung, 100m alt., 30.viii.2005 ,   SO; Buleleng,  Desa Melanting, 135m alt  ., 1 male, 30.viii.2005, 1 female, 31.viii.2005, SO.   Singapore, 1 female,  Macritchie Park (=Macritchie Reseervoir), on dead leaves, 22.vii. 1976 , SO.</p><p>Non-paratypic specimens.   Indonesia, Flores, 2 males,  Ende, Wolosoko, 655m alt., habitat uncertain, 22.viii.2006 ,   1 male,  Ngada, Aimere, 200m alt., on dead branches, 27.viii.2006 , SO.</p><p>Comments.   This species may be included in the  pictipes -group, and is peculiar in having fore femoral inner dentate tubercles. A small number of specimens were taken from dead leafy branches in lowlands of tropical Southeast Asia, but the feeding-habit is uncertain. Three males from Flores listed under the non-paratypic specimens are indistinguishable from the type series  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD06002445EC8D3048841F85B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07E02455EC8D1068E7AF97B.text	0A01879CD07E02455EC8D1068E7AF97B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips dubius (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips dubius (Okajima) comb. nov.</p><p>Xylaplothrips dubius Okajima, 2006: 599–602 .</p><p>This species was described from Ishigaki Is. and Iriomote Is., the Yaeyama-group of Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan, based on seven females and eight males taken from bamboo or dead leafy branches, and the feeding-habit is uncertain. It may be included in the  pictipes -group and is somewhat similar to  N. pictipes . However,  dubius has four (2+2) major sense cones on antennal segment IV and short and pointed prothoracic anteromarginal setae (rarely blunt or very weakly expanded, at least not distinctly expanded), though  pictipes has five (2+2 +1), four major sense cones and one outer small sense cone and well developed and expanded anteromarginal setae. Moreover, the metanotal median pair of setae are somewhat wider apart from one another, the separation being almost as wide as the distance between those setae and anterior margin of the metanotum.</p><p>Specimens examined.  Japan, Ryukyus, the type series (see Okajima, 2006: 601) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07E02455EC8D1068E7AF97B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07E02405EC8D3088EA8FF7F.text	0A01879CD07E02405EC8D3088EA8FF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips ilomavisae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips ilomavisae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 109–110, 159–168)</p><p>Female (macroptera).   Distended body length: 1.4–1.6mm.  Body brown (Fig. 109). All femora brown; all tibiae pale brown with bases and apices paler; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III yellowish brown, often brown, with extreme base yellow. Fore wing shaded with pale brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 159) longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.29 times in holotype ;   dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, weakly sculptured laterally with transverse striae.  Cheeks very weakly rounded, constricted at base, weakly incut at anterior end, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli moderately developed; posterior pair separated from eyes, 19µm apart from each other in holotype  .   Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 84µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype  .   Antennae (Fig. 168) 1.7–1.8 times as long as head, 1.75 times in holotype ;  segment VIII relatively slender, weakly constricted at base, about three-fouths of segment VII, or a little longer; segments III shorter than IV, almost as long as VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge rather distinct, about 0.4 times as wide as head. Pronotum (Fig. 159) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.61 times in holotype, about 1.6 times as wide as long, 1.61 times in holotype;   almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am setae almost as long as aa, or longer; epim a little longer than pa and postocular setae.  Prospinasternum (Fig. 162) irregularly shaped, about 20µm wide; mesopresternum complete, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, 20–25µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 163) sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, 20–25µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 48µm apart from each other, 27µm apart from anterior margin in holotype  .   Fore tarsus with a small tooth (Fig. 165). Fore wing with 3–7 duplicated cilia, 4 in holotype ;   three sub-basal setae well developed, expanded, S3 the longest.  Pelta (Fig. 164) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.35 times as wide as long in holotype  .   Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII – VIII pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae bluntly pointed, but often nearly pointed, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than S1, almost as long as tube, or a little longer than tube; intermediate setae about half of Sl. Tube shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.54 times in holotype , about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.8–1.9 times as long as tube, 1.91 times in holotype.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1460 (distended). Head length 160, from anterior margin of eyes 143, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 124, minimum width across base 104; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13; postocular setae 38–40. Maxillary bridge width 48. Antenna total length 280, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 34 (23), 37 (25), 33 (22), 35 (20), 35 (18), 27 (9). Pronotum length 98, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 29–30, aa?25, ml 35, pa 37–38, epim 42–43. Fore wing length 560. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32, S2 35, S3 40 –42. Pelta length 52, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1 77–80, S2 84–85. Tube length 87, maximum width 43; terminal setae 163–166.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but showing allometric growth. Large male: prothorax and froe legs enlarged (Fig. 166), fore tarsal tooth stout; terminal tube setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Tip of pseudovirga slender (Fig. 167), less than 5µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1100–1300 (distended). Head length 123– 152, from anterior margin of eyes 115–137, width across eyes 108–121, maximum width across cheeks 111–123, minimum width across base 92–102; eyes length 42–52; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–13; postocular setae 35–38. Maxillary bridge width 53–55. Antenna total length 250–275, segments III–VIII length as follows: 30–33, 34–38, 30–33, 32–36, 30–35, 25–26. Pronotum length 78–108, width 135–154. Setae on prothorax: am 20–28, aa 25–25, ml 28–35, pa 32–38, epim 33–38. Fore wing length 470–530. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28 –30, S2 31 –33, S3 33 –37. Pelta length 42–50, width 55–69. Tergite IX setae: S1 50 –55, S2 20 –20. Tube length 61–</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines, Mindanao, North Cotabato,  Ilomavis, on dead leaves, 26.vii.1979, SO  .   Paratypes: the Philippines,  Mindanao,  4 females and 8 males, collected together with holotype; locality and collector as in holotype, 1 female, on grass, 26.vii.1979, 17 females and 8 males, on dead fern, 27.vii.1979, 1 male, on grass, 27.vii.1979, 8 females and 10 males, on dead leaves, 28.vii.1979.</p><p>Doubtful specimens. Peninsular   Malaysia, 1 female,  Tanah Rata, on dead leaves, 24.vii.1976 ,   SO;  Tapah, on dead leaves , 5 females, 28.vii.1976, 3 females and 3 males, 30.vii.1976, SO;   5 females, NE 13km from  Tapah, on dead leaves, 27.vii.1976 , SO;  1 male, about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur, Templer Park, on dead leaves, 13.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO.  Vietnam, 1 female and 1 male, Lam Dong Prov., Da Lat, Ward 5, Van Thanh, 23.xii.2001, SO;   1 female, Lam Dong Prov.,  Finom Ward, Don Duong, on bamboo, 25.xii.2001 ,  SO; Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 1 female, habitat uncertain, 1 female, on bamboo, 27.xii.2001, 5 females and 1 male, on grass, 22.viii. 2007, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species was described from Mindanao, the Philippines, based on a good series of females and males taken mainly from dead plants, and seems likely to be a fungus-feeder. It may be included in the  pictipes - group. It is apparently very similar to  N. apoae sp. nov. described above, but can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of  apoae): antennal segment III shorter than segment IV (III almost as long as IV); postero-lateral setae S2 on abdominal tergites V and VI expanded (S2 on V pointed or bluntly pointed, at least not expanded, those on VI pointed); tube shorter than 0.6 times as long as head (tube about 0.6 times as long as head, or a little longer); terminal tube setae longer than 1.8 times as long as tube in female, longer than 2.0 times in male (1.2–1.3 times as long as head in female, about 1.5 times in male); male pseudovirga narrower, less than 5µm wide (wider and rounded, 12–13µm wide). Some females and males from Peninsular Malaysia and Vietnam listed under the doubtful specimens may represent this species but have some small differences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07E02405EC8D3088EA8FF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07B02415EC8D50E88C7F80B.text	0A01879CD07B02415EC8D50E88C7F80B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips inermis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips inermis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 111, 169–176)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 111). Femora brown, with apices yellowish; tibiae shaded with brown, with base paler, mid and hind tibiae shaded with brown, with bases and apices yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and VII – VIII brown; segments III – VI pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 169) longer than wide, 1.25–1.36 times as long as wide, 1.35 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at middle, dorsal surface almost smooth at anterior half, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half, but sculptured distinctly with transverse reticulation at base. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded, 97µm apart from each other, 14–15µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 1/3 of head length, 0.36 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli normal; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 25µm apart from each other. Antennae (Fig. 176) 1.74 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at extreme base, narrowly joined to segment VII, 0.74 times as long as VII in holotype; segment III a little shorter than segment IV, longer than segment VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and three (1+2 +1) sense-cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, wider apart, V-shaped; maxillary bridge very wide, much wider than 1/2 of head width, 0.57 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 169) about 0.6 times as long as head, or a little longer, 0.64 times as long as head in holotype, about 1.5 times as wide as long, almost smooth; five pairs of major setae expanded; aa and am subequal in length, epim much longer than pa, the longest, longer than postoculars. Mesopresternum (Fig. 170) complete; prospinasternum well developed, almost inverted triangle, about 35µm wide in holotype. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, about 20µm long, expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 171) very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, shorter than 25µm in length, 47µm apart from each other, 24–28µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus unarmed (Fig. 173). Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S2 longer than S1, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 172) triangle or trapezoid, with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, 1.26 times as wide as long in holotype. S1 setae on intermediate abdominal tergites elongate, those on tergite VI and VII almost as long as S1 on tergite IX or longer. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, but those on tergites VI often very weakly expanded, VII pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 shorter than tube, S2 a little longer than tube; intermediate setae about half of S1. Tube (Fig. 175) about 0.5 times as long as head, about 1.8 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.2 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1700 (distended). Head length 176, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 126, maximum width across cheeks 130, minimum width across base 111; eyes length 63; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–14; postocular setae 38–40. Maxillary bridge width 74. Antenna total length 307, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (24), 44 (26), 40 (23), 38 (21), 38 (20), 28 (11). Pronotum length 113, width 173. Setae on prothorax: am 22–25, aa 23, ml?30, pa 33–34, epim about 50. Fore wing length 650. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30, S2 40, S3 48 –50. Pelta length 68, width 86. Setae on tergite VIII: S1 85–86. Tergite IX setae: S1 80, S2 96–106. Tube length 90, maximum width 50; terminal setae 110–112.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.05–1.25mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but much smaller; does not show allometric growth. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1180 (distended). Head length 137, from anterior margin of eyes 128, width across eyes 110, maximum width across cheeks 113, minimum width across base 97; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 28–30. Maxillary bridge width 65. Antenna total length 267, segments III–VIII length as follows: 34, 35, 36, 34, 33, 25. Pronotum length 92, width 142. Setae on prothorax: am 23, aa about 20, ml 25, pa 28, epim 38–40. Fore wing length 470. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23 –24, S2 30, S3 36. Pelta length 47, width 60. Tergite IX setae: S1 60 –65, S2 28. Tube length 70, maximum width 41; terminal setae 97.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Flores,  Ngada, Wolobobo, 1440m alt., habitat uncertain, 28.viii.2006, SO  .  Paratypes: Indonesia, Flores, 2 females and 2 males, collected together with holotype;  1 female, same locality as holotype, on grass, 29.viii.2006, SO; 8 females and 4 males, Ngada, Bajawa, Donatana, 386m alt., on dead branches, 29.viii.2006, SO; 1 female and 1 male, Ngada, Bajawa, Wolomeli, 720m alt., 28.viii.2006, SO; 5 females and 2 males, Nduaria, on dead branches, 22.viii.2006, SO; 2 females and 1 male, Ende, Wolosoko, 655m alt., 22.viii.2006, SO; 6 females and 6 males, Ende, Komandaru, on dead branches, 23.viii.2006, SO; 1 male, Manggarai, Mano, 1265m alt., coffee leaves, 25.viii.2006, SO; 1 female, Manggarai, Gololoni, 1225m alt., 26.viii.2006, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Flores Is., Indonesia, based on a good series of females and males, and seems likely to be a fungus-feeder, because most specimens were taken from dead branches. It is very similar to two species,  N. ommatocellus sp. nov. from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and  N. subinermis sp. nov. from Bali, Indonesia in having the fore tarsi unarmed, and these three species are included in the  inermis -group. They cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from the  pictipes -group by most structures other than the absence of the fore tarsal tooth.  N. inermis is most similar to  ommatocellus in having three major sense cones on antennal segment IV, and these two can be distinguished by the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07B02415EC8D50E88C7F80B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD079024C5EC8D2E38B95FD03.text	0A01879CD079024C5EC8D2E38B95FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips japonicus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips japonicus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 177, 187–193)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.8mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 177). Femora dark brown; tibiae brown, mid and hind tibiae with bases and apices slightly paler; tarsi yellowish. Antennae largely brown, segment III pale brown, with basal one-third yellowish, segment IV with extreme base paler. Fore wings and major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 187) longer than wide, 1.37 times as long as wide; dorsal surface almost smooth, distinctly sculptured with transverse striae near base. Cheeks weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, anterior end shortly overlapping with eyes, very weakly serrated. Eyes 0.26 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 32µm apart from each other. Postocular setae almost as long as eyes, pointed; 97µm apart from each other, 8µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 193) about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segments III, IV and V subequal in length, longer than VII; segments III with two (1+1) sense cones, segment IV with two major and two small (1 ++11+1) sense cones, one small sense cone situated usual position of outer margin of the segment, the other situated inside of outer major sense cone on dorsal surface near anterior margin. Maxillary stylets scarcely retracted to postocular setae, sub-parallel at middle, their distance about one-quarter of head width; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum (Fig. 187) 0.64 times as long as head, 1.43 times as wide as long; almost smooth; four pairs of prothoracic setae relatively short, pointed; epim expanded, a little shorter than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 188) largely developed, rhombus, 45µm wide; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae pointed. Metanotum (Fig. 189) very weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, shorter than 20µm, 48µm apart from each other, 35–38µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsal tooth small (Fig. 191). Fore wing with 3–5 duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae S1 expanded, S2 blunt or bluntly pointed, S3 pointed. Pelta (Fig. 190) trapezoid, with irregular lateral margins, 1.45 times as wide as long. Tergites II–VIII S1 setae blunt or bluntly pointed. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae sharply pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae sharply pointed, S1 a little longer than tube, S2 longer than S1; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 192) 0.54 times as long as head, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.6 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1780 (distended). Head length 190, from anterior margin of eyes 175, width across eyes 130, maximum width across cheeks 139, minimum width across base 113; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–13; postocular setae about 50. Maxillary bridge width 40. Antenna total length 320, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (26), 42 (27), 42 (26), 38 (22), 38 (22), 26 (10). Pronotum length 121, width 173. Setae on prothorax: am 17–23, aa?, ml?25, pa 35–37, epim 43–45. Fore wing length 630. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –32, S2 37 –38, S3 32 –35. Pelta length 58, width 84. Tergite IX setae: S1 108–113, S2 122–123. Tube length 102, maximum width 50; terminal setae 165.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Japan,  Honshu, Daibosatsu-toge, Hikawa Rindou, on dead branches, 28.v.1983, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from the cool temperate region of Honshu, Japan, based on a unique holotype female taken from dead branches of a deciduous broad leaf tree. It is included in the  bamboosae -group and may be closely related to  N. bamboosae also from Japan and  N. simulans from a somewhat wider range of Southeast Asia. These three species have one small sense cone in addition to two major sense cones on the antennal segment IV, which is situated inside of the outer major sense cone on dorsal surface near anterior margin of the segment. However,  japonicus has an additional small sense cone at outer margin of the segment, though this is absent in  bamboosae and  simulans .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD079024C5EC8D2E38B95FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD077024E5EC8D6928E6DFC93.text	0A01879CD077024E5EC8D6928E6DFC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips kadazani Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips kadazani sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 178–179, 194–203)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.8mm. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 178). All femora brown to dark brown, fore femora brown with apices scarcely paler; fore tibia brown, mid and hind tibiae brown with bases and apices yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III pale brown, with base yellowish, but sometimes paler, largely brownish yellow. Fore wing shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 194) longer than wide, 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide, 1.26 times in holotype; dorsal surface entirely sculptured with transverse striae, but they are somewhat weaker between eyes. Cheeks very weakly rounded, constricted at base, weakly bulged at anterior end, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli relatively small; posterior scarcely separated from eyes, about 20µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 93µm apart from each other, 7–8µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 203) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III formed asymmetrically, almost as long as segment IV, longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge very weak, about one-third of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 194) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.62 times in holotype, 1.6–1.7 times as wide as long, 1.65 times in holotype; almost smooth, weakly sculptured posteriorly; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am setae almost as long as aa, or a little shorter; epim a little longer than pa, longer than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 197) irregularly shaped, narrower than 25µm; mesopresternum complete, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed. expanded, 20–25µm long. Metanotum sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 20µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum, 48µm apart from each other, 33–34µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a tooth (Fig. 200). Fore wing with 6–7 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 199) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, about 1.4 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III expanded, IV – VIII pointed, but those on tergite IV often blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, or very weakly expanded, but often nearly pointed, much shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than S1, a little shorter than tube; intermediate setae relatively long, about two-thirds of Sl. Tube longer than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.57 times in holotype, about 2.2 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube, or a little longer .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1730 (distended). Head length 182, from anterior margin of eyes 170, width across eyes 138, maximum width across cheeks 145, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 61; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13; postocular setae 40–42. Maxillary bridge width 51. Antenna total length 333, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 47 (26),47 (27),43 (23), 42 (21), 40 (20), 27 (11). Pronotum length 112, width 185. Setae on prothorax: am 27–30, aa 30–33, ml 42, pa 45, epim 48. Fore wing length 780. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 37 –38, S2 42 –43, S3 50 –52. Pelta length 62, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S1 70, S2 90–93. Tube length 103, maximum width 47; terminal setae 145–153.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3–1.6mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but show allometric growth. Postero-lateral setae S2 on tergite IV and V variable in shape, pointed, blunt or weakly expanded. Large male: head distinctly narrowed to base; prothorax and froe legs enlarged (Fig. 201); fore femur enlarged; fore tarsal tooth stout; prothoracic aa, am and pa elongate. Tip of aedeagus rounded (Fig. 202), 11µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small-large males in µm). Body length 1360–1570 (distended). Head length 152– 169, from anterior margin of eyes 143–157, width across eyes 129–132, maximum width across cheeks 132–134, minimum width across base 101–100; eyes length 53–61; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–16; postocular setae 38–45. Maxillary bridge width 58–53. Antenna total length 310–330, segments III–VIII length as follows: 44–46, 45–49, 41–42, 40–43, 37–40, 26–29. Pronotum length 93–112, width 165–188. Setae on prothorax: am 25–30, aa 25–42, ml 35–48, pa 40–48, epim 35–45. Fore wing length 620–740. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 35 –40, S2 42 –47, S3 55 –58. Pelta length 50–59, width 70–83. Tergite IX setae: S1 58 –55, S2 18 –26. Tube length 85–97, maximum width 41–42; terminal setae 135–142.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Borneo, Sabah, about 3km N from  Kundasang, on dead leaves and branches, 6.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO  .  Paratypes: 17 females and 9 males, collected together with holotype;   1 female, Sabah, nr. Kundasang, foot of  Mt. Kinabaru, on dead leaves and branches, 10.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Sabah, Borneo, based on a good number of females and males collected from dead leafy branches, and seems to be a fungus-feeder. It may be included in the  pictipes -group. It is somewhat similar to  N. apoae sp. nov. described above, but can be distinguished by the head distinctly sculptured with transverse reticles or striae on the dorsal surface. From  N. pictipes, that is also similar in appearance,  kadazani is distinguished by the metanotal median pair of setae wider apart from one another and situated closer to the metanotum anterior margin.</p><p>The specific name is derived from one of the native tribes in Sabah, ‘Kadazan’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD077024E5EC8D6928E6DFC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07502485EC8D7228E21FF7F.text	0A01879CD07502485EC8D7228E21FF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips kundasangi Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips kundasangi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 180–181, 204–210)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 180).All femora entirely brown to dark brown, concolorous with head; all tibiae brown, with bases and apices scarcely paler; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown to dark brown, but segment III clear yellow. Fore wing shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 204) longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.29 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at middle; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, sculptured with transverse striae laterally. Cheeks weakly rounded, sub-parallel, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior separated from eyes, 22µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 81µm apart from each other, 12–13µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 210) about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, about three-fourths of VII; segments III and IV subequal in length, longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively, but segment III often with three (1+2) (e.g. holotype female has one large outer sense cones on right antennal segment III, but has two rather small outer sense cones on the left). Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak, about two-fifths of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 204) about 0.7 times as long as head, about 1.6 times as wide as long, 1.59 times in holotype; almost smooth, very weakly sculptured posteriorly; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; ml and pa subequal in length, longer than aa; epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 205) irregularly shaped, about 25µm wide; mesopresternum complete, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, expanded, usually about 20µm long, but right one reduced in holotype. Metanotum (Fig. 206) sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 43µm apart from each other, 28–30µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a tooth (Fig. 208). Fore wing with 1–4 duplicated cilia, with 1 cilium in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S2 longer than S1, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 207) triangular or trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.4–1.5 times as wide as long, 1.46 times in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, or very weakly expanded, shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, longer than S1, almost as long as tube; intermediate setae about half of Sl. Tube longer than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.63 times in holotype, about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.2 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1650 (distended). Head length 165, from anterior margin of eyes 151, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 128, minimum width across base 116; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–11; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 53. Antenna total length 310, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (25), 42 (28), 38 (23), 38 (22), 36 (19), 27 (11). Pronotum length 115, width 183. Setae on prothorax: am 18, aa 22, ml 32–35, pa 35, epim 33–38. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 27 –28, S2 33 –35, S3 42 –43. Pelta length 57, width 83. Tergite IX setae: S1 80–81, S2 105–107. Tube length 104, maximum width 50; terminal setae 125–127.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Fore wing with 0–3 duplicated cilia.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1260 (distended). Head length 150, from anterior margin of eyes 135, width across eyes 111, maximum width across cheeks 116, minimum width across base 100; eyes length 46; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–10; postocular setae 35–37. Maxillary bridge width 53. Antenna total length 280, segments III–VIII length as follows: 38, 40, 35, 35, 32, 26. Pronotum length 98, width 150. Setae on prothorax: am 15–17, aa about 20, ml 30, pa 30–32, epim 30–32. Fore wing length 500. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –28, S2 30 –32, S3 37 –38. Pelta length 42, width 69. Tergite IX setae: S1 56 –60, S2 20. Tube length 80, maximum width 41; terminal setae 125.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Borneo, Sabah, about 3km N from  Kundasang, on dead leaves and branches, 6.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO  . Paratypes: Borneo,  4 females and 3 males, collected together with holotype; 3 females and 1 male, data very similar to holotype, but collected from moss, 7.ix.1990.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Sabah, Borneo, based on eight females and four males collected from dead leafy branches or mosses, and the feeding-habit is uncertain. It is included in the  pictipes -group, and somewhat similar to  N. apoae sp. nov. from Mindanao, the Philippines. However, these two species can be distinguished by the key above. The antennal segment III of  kundasangi is wholly yellow in contrast to the remaining segments that are brown, and is somewhat similar to  N. kurandae comb. nov. from Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07502485EC8D7228E21FF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07302495EC8D50E8E30F93E.text	0A01879CD07302495EC8D50E8E30F93E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips kutae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips kutae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 182, 211–218)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.5–1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 182). All femora brown, almost concolorous with head, with apices scarcely paler; all tibiae shaded with brown, with bases and apices paler; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III pale brown. Fore wing pale, scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 211) a little longer than wide, about 1.1 times as long as wide, 1.11 times in holotype, widest across cheeks; dorsal surface very weakly sculptured with transverse reticulation or striae (the sculptures are visible under the phase contrast illumination). Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli normal; posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 25µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 96µm apart from each other, about 8–9µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 218) 1.85 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III widely truncated at apex, almost as long as IV, longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, narrowly V-shaped; maxillary bridge rather distinct, about 0.4 times as wide as head. Pronotum (Fig. 211) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.68 times in holotype, 1.67 times as wide as long in holotype; almost smooth, but sculptured at near posterior margin; five pairs of prothoracic setae developed, expanded; pa and epim longer than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 212) inverted triangle, about 25µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, expanded, more than 20µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 213) weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 20µm, distance between both median setae narrower than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 33µm apart from each other, 38–40µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a tooth (Fig. 215). Fore wing with 4 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest, much longer than S2. Pelta (Fig. 214) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.35 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – V expanded, VI variable in shape, pointed, blunt or very weakly expanded, at least not distinctly expanded, VII finely pointed, VIII pointed or bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 pointed, S1 almost as long as tube, or a little shorter, S2 longer than tube; intermediate setae short, shorter than half of Sl. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.61 times in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.7 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1580 (distended). Head length 146, from anterior margin of eyes 136, width across eyes 128, maximum width across cheeks 131, minimum width across base 113; eyes length 47; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–13; postocular setae 33–34. Maxillary bridge width 52. Antenna total length 270, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows:?35 (23), 40 (25), 38 (22), 37 (20), 33 (18), 24 (9). Pronotum length 99, width 165. Setae on prothorax: am 25–26, aa 25, ml 30–33, pa 37, epim 43. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 33, S2 34 –36, S3 50 –54. Pelta length 55, width 74. Tergite IX setae: S1 83–87, S2 95–96. Tube length 89, maximum width 45; terminal setae 155.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3–1.4mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but shows allometric growth. Fore femora of large male unarmed (Fig. 217); fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; S1 setae on abdominal tergite IX bluntly pointed, S2 relatively long, longer than 1/3 of S1.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1310–1410 (distended). Head length 141– 145, from anterior margin of eyes 132–133, width across eyes 120–121, maximum width across cheeks 125–128, minimum width across base 102–107; eyes length 48–52; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 30–37. Maxillary bridge width 52–53. Antenna total length 270–284, segments III–VIII length as follows: 34–37, 40–40, 38–39, 37–37, 33–34, 25–23. Pronotum length 97–108, width 153–169. Setae on prothorax: am 24–30, aa 23–32, ml 27–37, pa 34–42, epim 35–50. Fore wing length 530–575. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –33, S2 28 –40, S3 42 –51. Pelta length 47–57, width 70–74. Tergite IX setae: S1 78–78, S2 30 –32. Tube length 80–89, maximum width 41–43; terminal setae 150–160.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali,  Kuta (sea level), on dead leaves and branches, 21.vii.1984, SO  .  Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 1 male, collected together with holotype; 2 females and 2 males, data very similar to holotype, but 30.viii.1984.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from lowlands of Bali, Indonesia, based on three females and three males taken from dead leafy branches, and may be included in the  pictipes -group. The structures of this species are apparently very similar to those of the widespread species,  N. pictipes, and they are possibly closely related. Although  pictipes has antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively, this species has these antennal segments with two (1+1) and four (2+2) sense cones.  N. rangi sp. nov. described below from Phuket Is., southern Thailand, also has two (1+1) and four (2+2) sense cones, but it is distinct in having the body bicolored and the metanotal median setae arising far apart from each other.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07302495EC8D50E8E30F93E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD072024A5EC8D34D89F6F85B.text	0A01879CD072024A5EC8D34D89F6F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips ommatocellus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips ommatocellus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 183, 219–226)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.50–1.65mm. Body brown (Fig. 183). Femor brown, fore femora with apices somewhat paler; fore and mid tibiae brown, a little paler than femora, with bases and apices paler, hind femora weakly shaded with brown, with bases and apices paler; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and IV – VIII brown, segment IV a little paler than segment V, with base somewhat paler; segment III largely yellowish, scarcely shaded at distal half. Fore wing and major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 219) much longer than wide, about times as long as wide, 1.33 times in holotype, widest across cheeks; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half. Cheeks very weakly rounded or subparallel, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length, 0.33 times as long as head in holotype; ommatidia scarcely spaced from each other. Ocelli normal; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 23µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 82µm apart from each other, 9–10µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 226) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and three (1+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to the middle of head capsule, usually not reaching postocular setae, widely apart and almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge distinct, a little wider than half of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 219) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.67 times in holotype, about 1.5 times as wide as long; almost smooth, but sculptured at near posterior margin; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, am, aa and ml subequal in length; epim longer than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 220) relatively large, widely fan-shaped, about 35µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae expanded, shorter than 20µm. Metanotum (Fig. 221) weakly sculptured with reticulation, but very weak at middle; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, 38µm apart from each other, 32–33µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth absent (Fig. 224), but with very small apical tooth. Fore wing with 3–4 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded; S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 222) triangle, with irregular lateral margins, about 1.3 times as wide as long. Tergite VI and VII S1 setae much shorter than S1 on tergite IX. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae almost pointed, a little longer than tube, S2 on IX sharply pointed, longer than S1; intermediate setae about half of S1, or a little shorter. Tube longer than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.54 times in holotype, 1.8–1.9 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.3 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 160, from anterior margin of eyes 146, width across eyes 115, maximum width across cheeks 120, minimum width across base 103; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 9–13; postocular setae 33–35. Maxillary bridge width 63. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (23), 37 (25), 39 (21), 37 (20), 35 (18), 25 (12). Pronotum length 107, width 160. Setae on prothorax: am 22–24, aa?20, ml 22, pa 29–30, epim 42. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23 –24, S2 23 –25, S3 32 –34. Pelta length 57, width 75. Setae on tergite VIII: S1 about 60. Tergite IX setae: S1 92, S2 110–113. Tube length 87, maximum width 47; terminal setae 115.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, not shows allometric growth. Head often longer than 1.4 times as long as wide; fore wing with 2–4 duplicates cilia.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1270 (distended). Head length 159, from anterior margin of eyes 142, width across eyes 107, maximum width across cheeks 109, minimum width across base 95; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 22–24. Maxillary bridge width 53. Antenna total length 265, segments III–VIII length as follows: 35, 34, 33, 33, 33, 25. Pronotum length 98, width 138. Setae on prothorax: am 15–17, aa?, ml about 20, pa 22, epim 32. Fore wing length 500. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23 –25, S2 23 –25, S3 32 –34. Pelta length 50, width 62. Tergite IX setae: S1 70, S2 30. Tube length 73, maximum width 42; terminal setae 93.</p><p>Type material.  Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, Phuket, on dead branches, 19.viii.1976, SO .  Paratypes: Thailand, Phuket, 1 female, collected together with holotype; same locality as holotype, 1 male, on dead banana leaf, 17.viii.1976, 1 male, on dead twigs, 18.viii.1976, SO; 2 males, Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, SO .   Thailand, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Hean, 3.ix.1992, 2 females and 3 males, TN, 1 female and 2 males, SO; 1 male, nr. Chiang Rai, Pha Yao, on grass, 5.ix.1992, SO. Peninsular   Malaysia, 1 male,  Tapah, on dead leaves, 26.vii.1976, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is included in the  inermis -group, and closely related to two Indonesian species,  N. inermis sp. nov. from Flores Is. and  N. subinermis sp. nov. from Bali Is. That are also in this group. However, it can be distinguished from  inermis by the following features: antennal segment IV darker; maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae; ommatidia scarcely spaced from each other; postero-lateral setae S1 on tergite VI short, shorter than S1 on tergite IX; S1 on tergite IX a little longer than tube. From  subinermis, it is easily distinguished by the antennal segment IV with three (1+2 +1) sense cones instead of two (1+1 +1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD072024A5EC8D34D89F6F85B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD07002345EC8D1388851F8F7.text	0A01879CD07002345EC8D1388851F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips pahangi Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips pahangi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 184–186, 227–235)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.50–1.85mm. Body brown to dark brown (Figs 184 &amp; 185). Legs brown to dark brown; fore tibiae brown, a little paler than femora; mid and hind tibiae dark brown, but bases of hind tibiae yellowish; tarsi brownish yellow. Antennae dark brown, segment III with extreme base yellowish. Fore wing weakly shaded with brown, with bases darker. Major body setae pale. Head (Figs 227 &amp; 228) much longer than wide, 1.3–1.4 times as long as wide, 1.32 times in holotype, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae or reticles. Cheeks almost straight or very weakly rounded, gradually narrowed towards base, weakly serrated, anterior end bulged and overlapping with eyes. Eyes a little shorter than 0.3 times as long as head, 0.28 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 23µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 97µm apart from each other, 7–9µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 235) 1.64 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII slender, weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, 0.7–0.8 times as long as VII, 0.73 times in holotype; segments III and IV each with three sense cones, (1+2) and (1+2 +1) respectively. Maxillary stylets long, retracted to eyes, close together, 13µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge invisible even if using the phase contrast illumination. Pronotum (Figs 227 &amp; 228) enlarged in large female, about 0.6 times as long as head in small female, more than 0.7 times in large female, 0.74 times in holotype, more than 1.6 times as wide as long in small female, less than 1.5 times in large female, 1.43 times in holotype; almost smooth, but sculptured at near posterior margin; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, but am short and slender. Prospinasternum (Fig. 231) inverted triangle, about 35µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped, but swollen medially. Mesonotal lateral setae short, expanded, shorter than 15µm. Metanotum sculptured with longitudinal reticulation, but weak at middle; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 20µm, widely apart from each other, 77µm apart from each other, 30–32µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore legs enlarged in large female; tarsal tooth wide based, stout in large female. Fore wing with 5–7 duplicated cilia, 5 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded; S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 233) relatively wide, trapezoid, 2.0 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 on IX sharply pointed, almost as long as tube or a little shorter; intermediate setae longer than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 234) shorter than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.45 times in holotype, 1.7–1.8 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.6 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female (small–large paratype females) in µm). Body length 1740 (1540–1820) (distended). Head length 198 (188–212), from anterior margin of eyes 186 (176–198), width across eyes 141 (127– 141), maximum width across cheeks 150 (139–150), minimum width across base 117 (111–120); eyes length 55 (52–55); diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13 (10–13); postocular setae 22–23 (28–30). Antenna total length 325 (280–325), segments III–VIII length as follows: 45 (37–43), 41 (37–42), 41 (36–41), 40 (35–41), 40 (34–38), 29 (25–30). Pronotum length 147 (110–148), width 210 (183–222). Setae on prothorax: am? (13–15), aa about 20 (22–23), ml about 20 (23–25), pa 35 (25–?), epim?35 (28–30). Fore wing length 650 (530–, 35650). Sub-basal wing setae: S1 37 (28–?), S2 42 (30–34), S3 41 (35–43). Pelta length 60 (55–65), width 120 (100–123). Tergite IX setae: S1 78 (60–80), S2 83–90 (80–90). Tube length 90 (82–90), maximum width 52 (45–52); terminal setae 145 (130–145).</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.5mm. Very similar to female in color and structure. Small male: head (Fig. 230) about 1.2 times as long as wide; maxillary stylets wider apart from each other, maxillary bridge relatively distinct, about 0.3 times as wide as head; pronotum shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, about 1.7 times as wide as long; fore tarsal tooth small. Large male: head (Fig. 229) about 1.4 times as long as wide; maxillary stylets closer together, maxillary bridge very weak, about 0.2 times as wide as head; pronotum enlarged, much longer than 0.6 times as long as head, less than 1.5 times as wide as long; fore leg enlarged, fore tarsal tooth stout; basantra a little longer than wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1230–1510 (distended). Head length 158– 202, from anterior margin of eyes 150–187, width across eyes 125–135, maximum width across cheeks 130–142, minimum width across base 100–106; eyes length 49–56; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–16; postocular setae 25–40. Maxillary bridge width 38–28. Antenna total length 270–315, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37–44, 35–40, 35–40, 35–41, 33–37, 25–27. Pronotum length 89–136, width 153–200. Setae on prothorax: am 15–20, aa 18–26, ml? –32, pa 22–35, epim 27–35. Fore wing length 470–630. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –42, S2 35 –37, S3 35 –45. Pelta length 49–61, width 82–105. Tergite IX setae: S1 62–65, S2 20 –18. Tube length 78–85, maximum width 40–45; terminal setae 120–133.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, Endau-Rompin Park, fogging,  Trees: K oompassia excelsa,  Shoea leprosula, etc., 8.vii.2003, H. Kojima  .   Paratypes:  Peninsular Malaysia, 17 females and 8 males, collected together with holotype  .</p><p>Comments. This species may be included in the  bamboosae -group, and peculiar in showing extreme allometric growth in both sexes. Allometric growth is commonly found in males in this genus, but it is not found in females in the other species. The large female has the prothorax and fore legs enlarged and the maxillary stylets close together at middle of the head capsule. Among small individuals, both females and males,  pahangi is very similar to  N. simulans sp. nov. from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and  N. tonesai sp. nov. from Thailand described below. These species have the head somewhat long, the maxillary stylets long and relatively close together, and the tube relatively short. However, these three species can be distinguished by the sense cone formula. Antennal segments III and IV each have three sense cones, (1+2) and (1+2 +1), in pahamgi; each have two, (1+1) and (1 ++11), in  simulans; and three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) in  tonesai .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD07002345EC8D1388851F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD00E02315EC8D18B8871FDBB.text	0A01879CD00E02315EC8D18B8871FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips pictipes (Okajima & Masumoto 2025) Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips pictipes (Bagnall) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 236–237, 246–256)</p><p>Haplothrips pictipes Bagnall, 1919: 273 .</p><p>Xylaplothrips pictipes (Bagnall); Pitkin, 1976: 274.</p><p>Mesandrothrips pictipes (Bagnall); Mound &amp; Tree, 2019: 332.</p><p>This species was originally described from Malabar, southern India. Subsequently, it has recorded from China (Dang et al., 2020), Malaysia, Sarawak, Timor Leste, Hong Kong and Australia (Mound &amp; Tree, 2019). In addition, it is newly recorded here from Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Bali, Flores and Sulawesi), Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Taiwan, based on a long series of specimens. In consequence, this species is widely distributed from India to Taiwan, but the distribution does not extend to the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, so far.</p><p>More than 500 specimens have been studied, and these show somewhat conjoined intraspecific variation in color and structure between local populations as well as even within the same population. The tibiae are variable in color, largely yellowish to largely brownish. The lateral pair of setae on the mesonotum are variable in form and length, short and acute to long and expanded. The postero-lateral setae S2 on abdominal tergite VI are usually expanded, but sometimes pointed. Large males usually have an inner small spherical tubercle at the extreme base of enlarged fore femur (Fig. 256), but large males from Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia do not have this tubercle. Moreover, the male pseudovirgae are different in shape between local populations. At this time, it is difficult to know whether or not these local populations contain additional distinct species. However, the position of the median pair of setae on the metanotum and the length of the posteromarginal setae S1 and S2, as well as the intermediate setae between them, on abdominal tergite IX are rather stable. The distance between each of the metanotal median setae is less than the distance between these setae and the metanotum anterior margin, although these setae are much wider apart in most other species at least in Asia. The S 1 setae on tergite IX are usually much shorter than the tube, and the intermediate setae are usually much longer than half of S1. Finally, three females and four males collected from Queensland, Australia, listed below have antennal segment III with two (1+1) sense cones instead of three (1+2).  However, most of other structures are indistinguishable from  pictipes .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distended body length: female 1.4–1.6mm, males 1.0–1.4. Body largely brown (Figs 236 &amp; 237); antennae brown, segment III somewhat paler, with base yellowish, segment IV often with base paler. Head (Figs 246–248) 1.1–1.2 times as long as wide, weakly sculptured with transverse reticles or striae; postocular setae expanded. Antennal segment VIII rather slender (Figs 252–254), weakly constricted basally, narrowly joined to VII; segments III and IV usually with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets usually not reaching postocular setae, often scarcely reaching them, wider apart, almost V-shaped. Five pairs of prothoracic setae well-developed, expanded. Mesopresternum complete (Fig. 249). Mesonotal lateral setae variable, short and acute to long and expanded. Metanotal median pair of setae rather close together and rather far from anterior margin (Fig. 250). Fore tarsus with a tooth. Tergites III–VI S2 setae: III–VI usually expanded, but those on VI often pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae much shorter than tube; intermediate setae much longer than half of S1. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head in female; terminal setae 1.5–1.6 times as long as tube. Large male: fore femur with an inner rounded tubercle at extreme base (Fig. 256).</p><p>Specimens examined.   India, 1 female and 1 male,  Dehra Dun, on dry twigs, 12.x.1971, T  . N. Ananthakrishnan.  Singapore, Macritchie Park (= Macritchie Res.), on dead leaves, 1 female and 5 males, 22.vii.1976,  7 females and 4 males, 23.vii.1976, SO, 1 female, 8.viii.1990,   TN &amp; SO, 1 male, on dead  Palmae frond, 7.viii.1990 , TN &amp; SO. Peninsular  Malaysia, Tapah, on dead leaves, 16 females and 7 males, 26.vii.1976,  2 males, 28.vii.1976, 6 females, 30.vii.1976, SO, 1 female 6 males, on dead leaves and branches, 16.ix.1990,   TN &amp; SO; 1 male, NE 13km from  Tapah, on dead leaves, 27.vii.1976 ,  SO; about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur, Templer Park, 6 females and 2 males, on dead branches, 11.viii.1990, 8 females and 2 males, on dead leaves, 12.viii.1990, 8 females and 4 males, on dead leaves, 13.viii.1990, 5 females and 5 males, on dead leaves, 15.viii.1990, 1 female, on grass, 15.viii.1990, 2 females and 1 male, on dead leaves and branches, 12.ix.1990,   TN &amp; SO; 1 female, Cameron Highland, foot of  Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 19.ix.1990 ,   TN &amp; SO; 1 female, Pahang, Endau-Rompin Park,  Fogging, 8.vii.2003 ,   H. Kojima. Borneo, 2 males, Sabah, nr. Keningaw,  Taman Bunsit, on dead leaves and branches, 2.ix.1990 ,   TN &amp; SO; 5 females and 4 males, Jl. Kimanis, 18km from  Keningaw, on dead leaves and branches, 3.ix.1990 ,   TN &amp; SO; 2 females, Sabah, Tambnan to  Ranau, on dead leaves and branches, 4.ix.1990 , TN &amp; SO.   Indonesia, Java, 1 male, Malang,  Wono-koyo, 1150m alt., on grass, 23.viii.2005 ,   SO; 2 females, Malang,  Singo Sari, 570m alt., 23.viii.2005 ,   SO; 1 male, Banyuwangi, Glemor,  Tulung Rejo,  Sumber Gondo, on dead branches, 27.viii.2005 , SO.  Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Jatiluwih (Peteli Temple), on dead branches, 1 male, 14.iii.2005,  1 male, 13.viii.2005,   SO; 4 females and 2 males, Tabanan, Jatiluwih ( Batu Lumbang Temple), on dead branches, 14.iii.2005 ,   SO; 3 females and 3 males, Tabanan,  Mayunganlet, 1100m alt., 11.viii.2005 , SO; Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 1 female, 2.ix.2005,  1 female, 11.viii.2006, 3 females, 3.ix.2006, SO; Tabanan, Bengkel, Pura Batu Salahan, 1 female and 2 males, 3.ix.2005,  2 females, 12.viii.2006, SO; Buleleng, Melanting, 1 female, unknown tree flower, 15.viii.2006, 4 females and 4 males, on dead branches, 16.viii.2006, 6 females and 1 male, 17.viii.2006, SO; Buleleng, Belatung, 1 male, 15.viii.2006, 1 female, on flowers of unknown plant, 17.viii.2006, 1 female, habitat uncertain, 17.viii.2006, SO.   Indonesia, Flores, 9 females and 10 males, Ende,  Wolosoko, 655m alt., 22.viii.2006 ,   SO; 2 females and 1 male, Ende,  Nualise, 580m alt., 22.viii.2006 ,   SO; 2 females and 1 male, Manggarai,  Mano, on coffee leaves, 25.viii.2006 ,   SO; 1 female, Ende,  Komandaru, on dead branches, 23.viii.2006 ,   SO; 2 females and 2 males, Ende,  Nuabosi, 30.viii.2006 , SO; Ngada, Aimere, 7 females and 4 males, on dead branches, 27.viii.2006, 1 male, on grass, 27.viii.2006,   SO; 4 females and 1 male, Ngada, Bajawa,  Wolomeli, 28.viii.2006 , SO.   Indonesia, Sulawesi, 2 females,  Malino, alt. about 900m., 31.vii.1984 ,   SO; 1 female and 1 male, 11km E from  Malino, kanreapia, alt. about 1500m, on dead branches, 2.viii.1984 ,   SO; 1 female, 15km W from Palopo,  Battang, alt. about 450m, on dead branches, 19.viii.1984 ,   SO; 1 female, nr. Rantepao,  Pedamaran, alt. about 1000m, on  Quercus sp., 13.viii.1984 , SO.   Thailand, 2 females, nr. Chiang Mai, foot of  Doi Saket, 25.viii.1992 ,   TN &amp; SO; 1 female, nr. Chiang Mai,  Doi Inthanon, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1992 ,   TN &amp; SO; 2 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Sang, on flower, 31.viii.1992 ,   TN; 3 females, nr. Chiang Mai,  Huaw Kom, on  Pueraria Thunbergiana leaf, 4.ix.1992 ,   TN &amp; SO; 1 female, nr. Chiang Mai,  Ka Jan, on bamboo, 3.ix.1992 ,   SO; 3 females and 2 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Hean, 3.ix.1992 ,  SO; 2 females and 7 males, Chiang Rai, on dead leaves and branches, 4.ix.1992, SO.  Thailand, Phuket, 1 female, sweeping, 17.viii.1976, 1 male, on dead branches, 19.viii.1976, SO.   Vietnam, 8 females and 3 males, Ha Tay Prov.,  Mt. Ba vi, on dead leaves and branches, 8.iii.2000 ,   SO; Bac Can Prov.,  Ba Be Nat. Park, 1 male, on dead branches, 1 male on bamboo, 2.viii.2000 ,   SO; 1 female, Son La Prov.,  Truong Yen, on dead leaves and branches, 12.viii.2000 ,   SO; 1 female, Lai Chau Prov.,  Muong Phang Nat. Park, on dead leaves and branches, 14.viii.2000 ,   SO; 8 females and 4 males, Lam Dong Prov., Da Lat, Ward 5,  Van Thanh, 23.xii.2001 ,  SO; Lam Dong Prov., Dam Bri, 2 males, on bamboo, 1 male, on grass, 26.xii.2001, 1 female, habitat uncertain, 1 female and 1 male, on bamboo, 27. Xii.2001, 1 male, on dead leaves, 1 female and 3 males, on bamboo, 28.xii.2001,   SO; 1 male, Quang Binh Prov., Bo Trach Dist., Son Trach, nr.  Phong Nha, 14.viii.2007 ,   SO; 3 females and 1 male, Nghe An Prov., Thanh Chuong Dist., Thanh An,  Cau Cau, 9.viii.2007 , SO. The   Philippines, Luzon, 1 female, Quezon  National Forest Park, on dead leaves, 16.vii.1979 ,   SO; 2 females,  Bicol National Park, on dead leaves, 16.vii.1979 , SO. The  Philippines, Mindanao, North Cotabato, Ilomavis, 18 females and 4 males, on dead leaves, 26.vii.1979, 6 females and 3 males, on dead fern, 26.vii.1979, 1 female and 1 male, on grass, 26.vii.1979, 14 females and 9 males, on dead fern, 27.vii.1979, 3 females and 8 males, on dead leaves, 28.vii.1979, 9 females and 5 males, on dead leaves, 29.vii.1979, 2 females and 9 males, on dead twigs, 29.vii.1979,   SO;  Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300m, 3 females and 1 male, on dead branches, 30.vii.1979 , 6 females and 4 males, on dead fern, 30.vii.1979, 3 females, on dead leaves, 30.vii.1979, 5 females, on half dead grass, 31.vii.1979, 5 females, on bush with bamboo, 31.vii.1979, 6 females and 2 males, on dead leaves, 31.vii.1979, 2 females, on half dead grass, 1.viii.1979, 6 females and 2 males, on half dead grass, 2.viii.1979, 42 females and 32 males, on dead leaves, 2.viii.1979, 11 females and 6 males, on dead leaves, 3.viii.1979,   1 female and 1 male, on dead  Palmae fronds, 4.viii.1979  .  Taiwan, Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on grass, 6 females and 3 males, on grass, 1.iv.1993, 5 females and 2 males, on dead leaves and branches, 1.iv.1993, 3 females and 1 male, habitat uncertain, 2.iv.1993,   TN &amp; SO; 2 males, Kaohsiung Hsien,  Liukuei, on dead leaves and branches, 4.ix.1993 ,  TN; Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, 1 female and 3 males, habitat uncertain, 9.ix.1993, 2 females and 1 male, on dead wood, 10.ix.1993, 1 female, on bamboo, 10.ix.1993, TN &amp; SO.   Australia, 1 male, Queensland, Brisbane,  Indooroopilly, on dead branches, 7.iii.2006 ,   SO; 3 females and 3 males, Queensland, Brisbane,  Mt. Coottha, 230m alt., on grass, 10.iii.2006 , SO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD00E02315EC8D18B8871FDBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD00A02325EC8D6CA8972F87D.text	0A01879CD00A02325EC8D6CA8972F87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips rangi Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips rangi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 238–239, 257–264)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.30–1.55mm. Body bicolored yellow and brown (Fig. 238); head, thorax and tube brown, tube with extreme base yellowish; abdominal segments I– IX largely yellow, without any markings, but segments VII – IX often somewhat darker, brownish yellow to yellowish brown, gradually darkened posteriorly. Fore femora pale brown, with apices yellowish, mid femora scarcely shaded with brown, with apices paler, hind femora yellow; fore and mid tibiae almost yellow, but scarcely shaded, hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and V – VIII pale brown to brown, segment II paler antero-externally; segments III and IV largely yellow, but IV scarcely shaded. Fore wing pale, scarcely shaded with brown at middle. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 257) a little longer than wide, about 1.1 times as long as wide, 1.10 times in holotype, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, weakly sculptured laterally with transverse striae. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated, anterior end weakly bulged. Eyes normal, about one-third of head length. Posterior ocelli slightly separated from eyes, about 27µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 102µm apart from each other, about 12µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 264) longer than 1.8 times as long as head, 1.84 times in holotype; segment VIII very weakly constricted at base, relatively short, about 0.7 times as long as segment VII; segments III and IV subequal in length, longer than VII; segment IV rather straight-sided; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge distinct, relatively wide, about two-fifths of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 257) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.67 times in holotype, 1.63 times as wide as long in holotype; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded. Prospinasternum (Fig. 258) rather small, irregularly fan-shaped, about 20µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum entire, boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, expanded, about 20µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 259) weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, less than 20µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 52µm apart from each other, 27–33µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a tooth (Fig. 261). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia, 5–6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S2 usually a little shorter than S1; S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 260) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, about 1.5 times as wide as long, sculptured weakly. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, much shorter than tube; S2 longer than S1, but shorter than tube; intermediate setae longer than half of Sl. Tube a little shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.58 times in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1530 (distended). Head length 158, from anterior margin of eyes 146, width across eyes 136, maximum width across cheeks 143, minimum width across base 118; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–14; postocular setae?25. Maxillary bridge width 60. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 39 (23), 40 (24), 37 (21), 37 (18), 32 (16), 23 (10). Pronotum length 106, width 173. Setae on prothorax: am?20, aa?20, ml?25, pa?25, epim 32. Fore wing length 530. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25, S2?20, S3 50 –53. Pelta length 57, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S1 64–65, S2 80–84. Tube length 92, maximum width 46; terminal setae 140–142.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but show allometric growth. Large male: prothorax and fore leg enlarged, fore trochanter with an inner tubercle, fore tibia with a well-developed sub-apical seta-bearing tubercle, fore tarsal tooth stout (Fig. 263). Tip of pseudovirga slender, 6µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small-large males in µm). Body length 1100–1280 (distended). Head length 144– 149, from anterior margin of eyes 131–137, width across eyes 118–126, maximum width across cheeks 123–128, minimum width across base 97–102; eyes length 53–55; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–13; postocular setae 24–25. Maxillary bridge width 57–58. Antenna total length 255–284, segments III–VIII length as follows: 30–40, 34–40, 34–38, 34–38, 33–35, 22–22. Pronotum length 82–108, width 137–162. Setae on prothorax: am 17–20, aa 17–20, ml 17–20, pa 20–27, epim 25–37. Fore wing length 440–500. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –28, S2 22 –27, S3 43 –55. Pelta length 42–52, width 59–70. Tergite IX setae: S1 45 –64, S2 24 –28. Tube length 65–82, maximum width 37–42; terminal setae 120–140.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, Phuket,  Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, SO  .  Paratypes: Thailand, Phuket, 24 females and 15 males, collected together with holotype; 3 females and 1 male, on wild beans, 3 females and 3 males, on dead banana leaf, 17.viii.1976, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Phuket, southern Thailand, based on a good number of females and males taken from dead leafy branches. Although this species has only two sense cones on antennal segment III, it may be included in the  pictipes -group. It is very similar to  N. spinipes sp. nov. from Bali Is., Indonesia, described below, and their difference is discussed under the latter species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD00A02325EC8D6CA8972F87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD008023D5EC8D4D38BA0FC07.text	0A01879CD008023D5EC8D4D38BA0FC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips simulans Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips simulans sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 240–241, 265–274)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.8mm. Body brown (Fig. 240). All femora brown; fore tibia pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow, scarcely tinged with brown; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown to brown, segment III a little paler than IV, with basal one-third yellowish. Fore wing and major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 265) much longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.28 times in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded or rather straight, gradually narrowed to base, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 27µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 93µm apart from each other, about 5–7µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 274) 1.7–1.8 times as long as head, 1.75 times in holotype; segment VIII constricted at base, narrowly joined to segment VII, about 0.6 times as long as VII; segment III widely truncated at apex, almost as long as segment VII; segment IV a little longer than III, the largest; segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1+1) and (1 ++11) respectively; a small sense cone on segment IV situated inside of outer large sense c one on dorsal surface near anterior margin. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, sub-parallel at base, their distance 0.25–0.30 times as wide as head; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum (Fig. 265) shorter than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, about 1.5 times as wide as long, 1.48 times in holotype; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am and aa subequal in length; ml a little longer than am; pa almost as long as postoculars; epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 268) irregularly fan-shaped, 33µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped, but somewhat swollen medially. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, a little more than 20µm in length. Metanotum (Fig. 269) sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, their distance a little wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of mesonotum, 38µm apart from each other, 32–35µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth small (Fig. 271). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia, 5 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, subequal in length. Pelta (Fig. 270) trapezoid, 1.3–1.4 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII and VIII pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 almost as long as tube, S2 longer than tube; intermediate setae about half of S1. Tube (Fig. 273) about 0.5 times as long as head, 1.8–1.9 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1550 (distended). Head length 163, from anterior margin of eyes 150, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 127, minimum width across base 104; eyes length 48; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 30–31. Maxillary bridge width 39. Antenna total length 285, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (23), 39 (25), 37 (23), 35 (21), 37 (20), 23 (10). Pronotum length 108, width 160. Setae on prothorax: am 17–18, aa?20, ml?25, pa 32–33, epim 42. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23 –26, S2 24 –26, S3 25 –26. Pelta length 55, width 74. Tergite IX setae: S1 81–84, S2 91–96. Tube length 82, maximum width 44; terminal setae 168.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.4 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but show allometric growth. Postero-lateral setae S2 on tergite VIII blunt. Large male: prothorax and fore legs enlarged (Fig. 272); fore tarsal tooth stout; antennal segment somewhat slender.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1400 (distended). Head length 155, from anterior margin of eyes 145, width across eyes 122, maximum width across cheeks 127, minimum width across base 99; eyes length 48; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–12; postocular setae 30. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 288, segments III–VIII length as follows: 41, 42, 40, 38, 37, 21. Pronotum length 116, width 162. Setae on prothorax: am 25, aa 23–25, ml 30–33, pa 35–40, epim 40. Fore wing length 530. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –30, S2 30, S3 33. Pelta length 50, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1 74–75, S2 25. Tube length 81, maximum width 45; terminal setae 163.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand,  Fang, on dead leaves and branches, 23.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratypes: Thailand, 1 male, collected together with holotype; 1 female, nr. Chiang Mai, foot of Doi Pui, on dead leaves and branches, 24.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 1 male, nr. Chiang Mai, foot of Doi Saket, 25.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 9 females and 11 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Doi Inthanon, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 4 females and 1 male, nr. Chiang Mai,  Lam Pang, on dead leaves and branches, 28.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 1 female,  Farm of Chiang Mai  University, on dead leaves and branches, 26.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO; 1 female,  Nr. Chiang Mai, foot of  Doi Saket, on dry grass, 27.viii.1992, SO; 1 female, nr. Chiang Mai,  Doi Suthep, on dead branches, 2.ix.1992, SO; 1 female, nr. Chiang Mai,  Ka Jan, on dead leaves and branches, 3.ix.1992, SO; 1 female, on dead branches, 31.viii.1992, SO; 3 females and 1 male, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Yao, on dead leaves and branches, 5.ix.1992, SO; 1 female and 2 males,  Chiang Dao, on dead leaves, 23.viii.1992, TN; 1 female and 4 males,  Nakprnprathom,  Puttamonton, on dead branches, 18.ix.1991, Pornthip J.; 2 females, Hadyai (=Hatyai), on dead leaves and branches, 28.viii.1991, TN &amp; SO  .   Thailand, Phuket, 1 female, Phuket  Hill, on bamboo, 22.viii.1991, TN &amp; SO; 2 females and 1 male, Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14.ix.1992, SO. Peninsular   Malaysia,  Tapah, 3 females and 1 males, on dead leaves, 26.vii.1976, 8 females and 3 males, on dead leaves, 28.vii.1976, 4 females and 2 males, on dead leaves, 30.vii.1976, SO; 2 females and 1 male, same locality as above, on dead leaves and branches, 16.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO; 1 female and 2 males, Cameron Highland, 22km NE from Tapah, on dead leaves and branches, 16.ix.1990, TN &amp; SO; 1 male, Cameron Highland, foot of Gnung Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 26.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO; 1 female, about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur, Templer Park, on dead leaves, 12.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO  .   Singapore,  Macritchie Park, on dead leaves, 1 female, 22.vii.1976, 1 male, 23.vii.1976, 1 female, 3.viii.1976, SO  .</p><p>Non-paratypic specimens. Borneo, 1 female and 1 male, Sabah, Jl. Kimanis, 15km from Kimanis, on dead leaves and branches, 9.ix.1990,  TN &amp; SO. Indonesia, Java, 1 male, Banyuwangi, Glemor, Tulung Rejo, Sumber Gondo, 300m alt., on dead branches, 27.viii.2005, SO. Indonesia, Flores, 1 male, Ende, Komandaru, 247 alt., on dead branches, 23.viii.2006,  SO. Indonesia, Sulawesi, 1 female, near Rantepao, Pedamaran, alt. About 1000m, marginal roll gall with  Thlibothrips sp., 10.viii.1984, on dead leaves and branches, 2 males, 8.viii.1984, 2 males, 10.viii.1984, 1 female, 11.viii.1984, 3 males, 12.viii.1984, SO. Vietnam,  1 female, Dong Nai Province, Tan Phu, Phu An, on dead leaves, 29.xii.2001, SO;   1 female, Nghe An Prov.,  Thanh Chuong District, Thanh An, Cau Cau, 9.viii.2007 , SO. Japan, Ryukyu, 10 females and 9 males, Amami-ohshima Is., Hatsuno, on dead leaves, 6.vii.1972, SO.</p><p>Comments. This somewhat widely distributed species is included in the  bamboosae -group. It may be closely related to  N. tonesai sp. nov. described below from Phuket Is., Thailand, although  tonesai has antennal segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively,  simulans has these segments each with two sense cones, (1+1) and (1 ++11).  N. bamboosae from the temperate area of Japan has similar sense cone formula and may be most closely related to this species. However,  bamboosae can easily be distinguished by having the intermediate antennal segment paler and the major body setae scarcely expanded, not distinctly expanded.  N. agkoae sp. nov., described above from Mindanao Is., the Philippines, is also related to sumulans, and the differences between these two species are discussed under  agkoae . Several females and males listed under the non-paratypic specimens may represent this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD008023D5EC8D4D38BA0FC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD006023F5EC8D7968E88FD9E.text	0A01879CD006023F5EC8D7968E88FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips spinipes Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips spinipes sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 242–243, 275–281)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.5mm. Body bicolored pale brown and yellow (Fig. 242). Head, thorax and tube pale brown; abdominal segments I–VII yellow, segments III–VII each with a median pale brown marking along antecostal suture; segments VIII and IX scarcely shaded with pale brown, segment VIII paler anteriorly. Fore and mid femora largely pale brown, fore femora with anterior half paler, hind femora scarcely tinged with pale brown; all tibiae and tarsi clear yellow. Antennal segments I, II and VI–VIII pale brown; segment III yellow; segments IV and VI yellow to pale brown, gradually darkened distally. Fore wing and major setae pale. Head (Fig. 275) longer than wide, 1.24 times as long as wide, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes 0.36 times as long as head. Ocelli normal; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 21µm apart from each other. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; about 100µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 280) 1.76 times as long as head; segment VIII very weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, 0.8 times as long as VII; segment III a little shorter than segment IV, longer than segment VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching the middle of head capsule, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak, about half of head width. Pronotum (Fig. 275) 0.55 times as long as head, 1.78 times as wide as long; almost smooth, median apodeme weak; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded. Prospinasternum (Fig. 277) circular, 25µm wide; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae, 17–18µm long. Metanotum very weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, 22–24µm, their distance a little narrower than the distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 38µm apart from each other, about 40µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsus with a small tooth. Fore wing with 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta very weak, trapezoid, 1.58 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than S1, a little shorter than tube; intermediate setae longer than two-thirds of S1. Tube about 0.56 times as long as head, about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1470 (distended). Head length 170, from anterior margin of eyes 155, width across eyes 132, maximum width across cheeks 137, minimum width across base 110; eyes length 61; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae 25. Maxillary bridge width 70. Antenna total length 300, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 38 (23), 42 (28), 37 (23), 37 (20), 35 (18), 28 (10). Pronotum length 93, width 166. Setae on prothorax: am about 20, aa about 20, ml?25, pa 28–30, epim 33–35. Fore wing length 560. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28 –30, S2 25 –27, S3 52 –57. Pelta length 53, width 84. Tergite IX setae: S1 65–67, S2 80–90. Tube length 95, maximum width 45; terminal setae 140.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female. Color somewhat darker, bicolored brown and yellow (Fig. 243); head, thorax, abdominal segments VIII–IX and tube brown; all femora brown, fore tibia scarcely tinged with pale brown; intermediate abdominal segments without median markings. Intermediate antennal segments somewhat slender; fore femur (Fig. 279) with an indistinct median hamp on inner-ventral surface; fore tibia (Fig. 278) with several well-developed inner seta-bearing tubercles.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1300 (distended). Head length 155, from anterior margin of eyes 143, width across eyes 128, maximum width across cheeks 132, minimum width across base 101; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–13; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 60. Antenna total length 310, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 43 (21), 43 (23), 43 (20), 39 (18), 38 (17), 30 (10). Pronotum length 86, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 17–18, aa 20, ml?, pa 27–26, epim 33. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30, S2 32 –33, S3 60 –64. Pelta length 48, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1 60, S2 25 –26. Tube length 82, maximum width 42; terminal setae 135.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Muncak Sari,  Pura Luhur, 755m alt., habitat uncertain, 3.ix.2006, SO  .  Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 1 male, data very similar to holotype, but 2.ix.2006; 1 male, Tabanan, Pakaranean, 1067m alt., 1.ix.2006, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Bali, Indonesia based on one female and two males, but the habitat is uncertain. It may be included in the  pictipes -group and is very similar in appearance to  N. rangi sp. nov. from Phuket Is., southern Thailand, described above. These two species have the body bicolored brown and yellow, antennal segments III and IV with two and four sense cones respectively. However,  spinipes can be distinguished from  rangi by the following features: head about 1.2 times as long as wide; antennal segment IV with an additional small sense cone, (2+2 +1); maxillary bridge wider, about half of head width; metanotal median setae closer together and far from anterior margin of metanotum; pelta very weak; male fore femora with indistinct median hump on inner-ventral surface; male fore tibia with four or five seta-bearing well developed tubercles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD006023F5EC8D7968E88FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD00402395EC8D62E8B4AFBFB.text	0A01879CD00402395EC8D62E8B4AFBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips subinermis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips subinermis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 244, 282–289)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 244). Femora brown, with apices yellowish; fore and mid tibiae largely shaded with brown, with bases and apices paler, hind tibiae pale brown, with basal one-third yellowish. Antennal segments I and II brown; segments III – VIII pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally. Fore wing pale, with base brownish. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 282) longer than wide, 1.30–1.38 times as long as wide, 1.36 times in holotype; dorsal surface very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at posterior half, but distinctly sculptured with transverse reticulation at near base, smooth at anterior half. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, about one-third of head length. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 21µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 90µm apart from each other, 12–13µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 289) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII very weakly constricted at base, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III almost as long as segment IV, a little longer than VII; segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1+1) and (1+1 +1) respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, wider apart, V-shaped; maxillary bridge rather distinct, a little wider than half of head width. Pronotum (Fig.282) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.62 times in holotype, 1.5–1.6 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, am almost as long as aa; epim well developed, much longer than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 283) largely developed, widely fan-shaped, 38µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae expanded, 22µm long in holotype. Metanotum (Fig. 284) very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, a little more than 20µm, their distance wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of mesonotum, 45µm apart from each other, about 30µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus unarmed (Fig. 286). Fore wing with 3–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 285) trapezoid, with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, about 1.4 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites VI and VII S1 setae elongate, almost as long as S1 on tergite IX or longer. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: VI expanded, VII finely pointed, VIII blunt or bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt or bluntly pointed, much shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, a little shorter than tube; intermediate setae about half of S1. Tube (Fig. 288) 0.53 times as long as head in holotype, 1.9 times as long as wide; terminal setae almost as long as tube or a little longer .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1630 (distended). Head length 170, from anterior margin of eyes 151, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 125, minimum width across base 108; eyes length 56; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–13; postocular setae 35. Maxillary bridge width 66. Antenna total length 307, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (24), 41 (26), 39 (23), 37 (21), 38 (19), 27 (11). Pronotum length 106, width 167. Setae on prothorax: am 23–24, aa?25, ml?, pa 30–33, epim 47–48. Fore wing length 620. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28, S2?, S3 45. Pelta length 62, width 87. Tergite VIII setae: S1 about 80. Tergite IX setae: S1 68–73, S2 78–85. Tube length 90, maximum width 47; terminal setae 96.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, does not show allometric growth. Head 1.25–1.30 times as long as wide; eyes 0.34–0.38 times as long as head; maxillary bridge much wider than 1/2 of head width.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length1270 (distended). Head length 149, from anterior margin of eyes 135, width across eyes 113, maximum width across cheeks 117, minimum width across base 101; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 26–29. Maxillary bridge width 67. Antenna total length 287, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37, 38, 37, 35, 37, 27. Pronotum length 94, width 147. Setae on prothorax: am?15, aa?20, ml?20, pa 25, epim 40. Fore wing length 510. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 24 –28, S2 28 –29, S3 36 –38. Pelta length 54, width 64. Tergite IX setae: S1 55 –60, S2 22 –23. Tube length 70, maximum width 46; terminal setae 90.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Bukit Catu, Mt. Pohen, 1430m alt., on dead leaves and branches, 10.iii.2005, SO. Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 26 females and 11 males, collected together with holotype; 20km NE from Gilimanuk, Banyu wedan (sea level), on dead branches, 2 females, 28.viii.1984, 3 females and 2 males, 29.viii.1984, SO; Kuta, (sea level) on dead leaves and branches, 7 females and 16 males, 23.viii.1984, 12 females and 7 males, 30.viii.1984, SO; 2 females, Belimbing, gall on  Ficus with  Gynaikothrips, 27.vii.1984, SO; 1 female, Candi Kuning, alt. about 1200m, on grass, 26.vii.1984, SO; 3 females and 1 male, Tabanan, Bedugul, 1250m alt., 7.iii.2005, 2 females and 1 male, SO, 1 female, T. Ishikawa; 5 females and 2 males, Buleleng, Yehketipat, 1410–1550m alt., 8.iii.2005, SO; 1 male, Tabanan, Bedugul, on dead branches, 9.iii.2005, SO; Tabanan, Bukit Catu, Mt. Pohen, 1430m alt., 4 females and 2 males, on  Hibiscus sp. ( Malvaceae), 1 male, habitat uncertain, 10.iii.2005, SO; 20 females and 6 males, Buleleng, Pancasari, (Lake Buyan), 1230m alt., on dead leaves and branches, 12.iii.2005, SO; 2 females and 1 male, Tabanan, Jatiluwih (Peteli Temple), 867–915m alt., on dead branches, 14.iii.2005, SO; 2 females and 3 males, Tabanan, Mayunganlet, 1100 alt., 11viii.2005, SO; 1 female and 6 males, Tabanan, Pakaranean, 1100m alt., 11.viii.2005, SO; 2 females and 3 males, Buleleng, Yehketipat, 1470m alt., 12.viii.2005, SO; 1 female and 1 male, Tabanan, Soka, 730m alt., on dead branches, 13.viii.2005, SO; Buleleng, Desa Melanting, 135m alt., 1 male, 30.viii.2005, 1 female and 3 males, 31.viii.2005, 1 female, on dead wood, 31.viii. 2005, SO; 1 female and 2 males, Buleleng, Pura Belatung, 100m alt., 30.viii.2005, SO; 5 females and 5 males, Buleleng, Penyabangan, Desa Buah, 190m alt., 31.viii.2005, SO; Buleleng, Belatung, 130m alt., 1 male, 15.viii.2006, 1 female, 17.viii.2006, 5 females and 1 male, on dead branches, 16.viii.2006, SO; Buleleng, Melanting, 150m alt., 1 female, 17.viii.2006, 7 females and 1 male, on dead branches, 16.viii.2006, SO.</p><p>Non-paratypic specimens.   Indonesia, Java, 3 females and 1 male, Yogyakarta, Sleman, Margoluwh,  Seyegan, 140m alt., 17.viii.2005, SO ;   2 females and 1 male, Yogyakarta, Gunung Kidul,  Alas Bunder, 20.viii.2005, SO ;   2 females, Melang, Batu,  Pujon, 975m alt., 22.viii.2005, SO ;   2 males, Malang,  Tumpang, 690m alt., on dead leaves, 22.viii.2005, SO; Malang, Wono-koyo, 1150m alt  ., 12 females and 2 males, on grass, 13 females and 2 males, habitat uncertain, 23.viii.2005, SO;   3 females and 2 males, Malang,  Singo Sari, 570m alt., 23.viii.2005, SO; Malang, Sundeng, Sawo Sajar, 450m alt  ., 2 females and 3 males, on bamboo, 1 female and 2 males, habitat uncertain, 24.viii.2005, SO;   1 male, Malang,  Buring, 515m alt., on bamboo, 24.viii.2005, SO; Banyuwangi, Kalibaru, 470m alt  ., 5 females and 3 males, on bamboo, 8 females and 3 males, habitat uncertain, 26.viii.2005, SO;   8 females and 4 males, Banyuwangi,  Malan Sari, 410m alt., on bamboo, 27.viii.2005, SO ;   5 females and 1 male, Banyuwangi, Glemor,  Tulung Rejo,  Sumber Gondo, 300m alt., on dead branches, 27.viii.2005, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Bali, Indonesia, based on a long series of females and males, and included in the  inermis -group together with  N. inermis sp. nov. from Flores Is., Indonesia, and  N. ommatoides sp. nov. from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. However,  subinermis has two (1+1 +1) major sense cones on antennal segment IV, whereas  inermis and  ommatocellus have three (1+2 +1) major sense cones on that segment. The non-paratypic specimens listed above from Java may represent this species but have somewhat smaller bodies (1.3–1.5mm). Most of the specimens were taken from dead branches or bamboo, and two paratype females were collected from the leaf gall on a  Ficus tree together with  Gynaikothrips species. The feeding habit of this species remains uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD00402395EC8D62E8B4AFBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD002023B5EC8D08A893FFE0F.text	0A01879CD002023B5EC8D08A893FFE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips tabananensis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips tabananensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 245, 290–296)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.6–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 245). All femora brown; fore tibia brown, with base yellowish; mid and hind tibiae brown with bases yellowish, with extreme apices somewhat paler; tarsi yellow. Antennae brown, segment III scarcely paler than segment IV, with extreme base yellowish. Fore wing weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 290) longer than 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.26 times in holotype; dorsal surface sculptured laterally and posteriorly with transverse striae, almost smooth at middle. Cheeks rounded, constricted at base, weakly serrated. Eyes well developed, about 0.4 times as long as head. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 25µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 105µm apart from each other, 8–9µm apart from eyes in holotype.Antennae (Fig. 296) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender, weakly constricted basally, narrowly joined to segment VII, about 0.8 times as long as VII; segment III almost as long as segment IV, much longer than VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets not reaching postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 290) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.63 times in holotype, about 1.5 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded, am almost as long as aa, or a little longer; pa well developed, almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 291) irregularly fan-shaped, 34µm wide in holotype; ferna and basantra largely developed; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae weakly expanded, 18µm long in holotype. Metanotum (Fig. 292) weakly sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, more than 20µm, their distance wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of mesonotum, 42µm apart from each other, 33µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore femur (Fig. 295) with about 5 small tubercles on inner-ventral surface at middle; fore tibia (Fig. 294) with a sub-apical dentate seta-bearing tubercle; fore tarsus with a distinct tooth (Fig. 294). Fore wing with 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 shorter than S2, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 293) trapezoid, sculptured weakly, about 1.6 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III and IV expanded, V blunt or bluntly pointed, VI – VIII pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, much shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, longer than S1, almost as long as tube or a little shorter; intermediate setae longer than half of S1. Tube 0.55 times as long as head in holotype, 2.3 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.9 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1680 (distended). Head length 187, from anterior margin of eyes 175, width across eyes 145, maximum width across cheeks 148, minimum width across base 118; eyes length 75; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–17; postocular setae 45–47. Maxillary bridge width 71. Antenna total length 335, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 46 (28), 47 (28), 42 (25), 41 (19), 38 (18), 30 (10). Pronotum length 118, width 179. Setae on prothorax: am 20–25, aa?20, ml 35, pa 43–46, epim about 50. Fore wing length 700. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 40 –42, S2 44 –45, S3 57. Pelta length 63, width 100. Tergite IX setae: S1 62–68, S2 90–100. Tube length 103, maximum width 45; terminal setae 195.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan,  Jatiluwih (Peteli Temple), 867– 915m alt., on dead branches, 14.iii.2005, SO  .   Paratype: Indonesia, Bali, 1 female, Tabanan,  Batu Sesa, ca 1250m alt., habitat uncertain, 14.viii.2006, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Bali, Indonesia, based on two females, but the habitat is uncertain. It may be included in the  pictipes -group and may be closely related to  N. andromorphus sp. nov. described above from Peninsular Malaysia. These two species have the fore femora with a series of small tubercles on the inner-ventral surface, and the ferna are somewhat well developed. However, tabananensia can be discriminated from  andromorphus by the following features: dorsal surface of head almost smooth at middle; antennal segment III largely brown; antennal segment VIII more slender, about 0.8 times as long as segment VII; tube shorter, shorter than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal tube setae longer, much longer than 1.5 times as long as tube. It may also be related to  N. dentipes sp. nov. from Indonesia and Singapore described above, but  dentipes has the fore femur with two inner distinct tooth-like tubercles on ventral surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD002023B5EC8D08A893FFE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD00002245EC8D59E8B3CF866.text	0A01879CD00002245EC8D59E8B3CF866.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips taiwanus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips taiwanus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 297, 307–314)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 297). All femora brown, with apices yellowish; fore tibia pale brown, mid and hind tibiae brown with apices scarcely paler; tarsi yellow.Antennal segments I– III pale brown, segments IV – VIII pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally, segment IV with basal one-third yellowish. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 307) almost as long as wide; dorsal surface sculptured laterally and posteriorly with transverse striae, very weakly sculptured medially, but smooth between eyes. Cheeks rounded, constricted at base, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third as long as head. Ocelli moderately developed; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 25µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, blunt or very weakly expanded, at least not pointed; 107µm apart from each other, about 10µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 314) about 2.0 times as long as head; segment VIII constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, about 0.8 times as long as VII; segment III formed asymmetrically; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped. Pronotum (Fig. 307) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.68 times in holotype, 1.8–1.9 times as wide as long; almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured posteriorly; am setae short and pointed, shorter than aa and ml; aa, ml, pa and epim weakly expanded or blunt, pa almost as long as postoculars. Prospinasternum (Fig. 308) fan-shaped, 32µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae minute, less than 10µm in length. Metanotum (Fig. 309) sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, their distance almost as wide as distance between that seta and anterior margin of mesonotum, 42µm apart from each other, 42–47µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a small tooth (Fig. 311). Fore wing with 5–6 duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae S1 and S2 weakly expanded, S3 blunt. Pelta (Fig. 310) trapezoid, about 1.7 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites II – VIII S1 setae: II – V weakly expanded, VI – VIII blunt. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, much shorter than tube, S2 longer than S1; intermediate setae about two-thirds of S1. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.62 times in holotype, about 1.8 times as long as wide; terminal setae almost as long as tube, or a little shorter .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1560 (distended). Head length 153, from anterior margin of eyes 140, width across eyes 144, maximum width across cheeks 152, minimum width across base 128; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13; postocular setae 27. Maxillary bridge width 63. Antenna total length 314, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (26), 43 (28), 38 (23), 40 (23), 35 (21), 28 (12). Pronotum length 104, width 195. Setae on prothorax: am 13–15, aa?20, ml?20, pa 25–28, epim 40–42. Fore wing length 615. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –33, S2 30, S3 45 –53. Pelta length 58, width 98. Tergite IX setae: S1 57 –59, S2 72. Tube length 95, maximum width 52; terminal setae 90–94.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Pronotal pa often reduced. Short and pointed.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1300 (distended). Head length 140, from anterior margin of eyes 128, width across eyes 133, maximum width across cheeks 138, minimum width across base 117; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 30. Maxillary bridge width 60. Antenna total length 305, segments III–VIII length as follows: 43, 44, 37, 38, 34, 29. Pronotum length 97, width 180. Setae on prothorax: am 12–13, aa?20, ml?20, pa 22–23, epim 38–40. Fore wing length 530. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32, S2 30 –32, S3 50. Pelta length 50, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S1 47 –48, S2 20. Tube length 82, maximum width 47; terminal setae 82.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Taoyuan Hsien,  Mt. Lala-shan, on dead leaves and branches, 19.viii.1993, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratypes: Taiwan, 8 females and 8 males, collected together with holotype; Pintung Hsien,  Kenting Nat. Park, 1 male, on dead leaves, 18.iii.1984, SO; Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead leaves, 1 female and 1 male, 24.iii.1984, 1 female, 25.iii.1984, SO;   1 female, Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr.  Wanta, on dead branches, 1.iv.1984 , SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Taiwan based on several females and males taken from dead branches, and it seems likely to be a fungus-feeder. It may be included in the  pictipes -group and is somewhat similar to  N. boninae sp. nov. from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. However, these two species can be distinguished by the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD00002245EC8D59E8B3CF866	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD01E02275EC8D11888FCFD77.text	0A01879CD01E02275EC8D11888FCFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips tonesai Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips tonesai sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 298, 315–322)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 298). All femora brown, with apices paler; all tibiae yellowish, scarcely tinged with pale brown; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III somewhat paler, with base yellowish. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown, but basal 1/3 and extreme apex pale. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 315) much longer than wide, 1.36 times as long as wide, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface almost smooth, weakly sculptured laterally and posteriorly. Cheeks rather straight, gradually constricted to base, anterior end overlapping with eyes, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli normal; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 27µm apart from each other. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 95µm apart from each other, 6–8µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 322) about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender, weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III a little longer than segment VII; segment IV a little longer than III, the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, sub-parallel at base, each stylet about 1/4 of head width apart; maxillary bridge distinct, about 0.3 times as wide as head. Pronotum (Fig. 315) 0.62 times as long as head, 1.41 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae developed, expanded, am longer than aa, almost as long as ml; epim a little longer than pa, longer than postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 316) fan-shaped, 32µm wide; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, 22µm in length. Metanotum (Fig. 317) sculptured medially with reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, about 30µm, their distance wider than the distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 42µm apart from each other, 32µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsal tooth small (Fig. 319). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S3 a little longer than S2. Pelta (Fig. 318) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, sculptured distinctly, 1.37 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, longer than tube, S2 longer than S1; intermediate setae a little shorter than 1/2 of S1. Tube (Fig. 321) about 0.45 times as long as head, 1.67 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 162, width across eyes 123, maximum width across cheeks 131, minimum width across base 105; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–15; postocular setae 32–33. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 285, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (23), 40 (25), 39 (22), 37 (18), 35 (18), 25 (9). Pronotum length 111, width 156. Setae on prothorax: am 27–28, aa?20, ml 25–27, pa 35–37, epim about 40. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –27, S2 30, S3 30 –35. Pelta length 57, width 78. Tergite IX setae: S1 90–97, S2 117–119. Tube length 80, maximum width 48; terminal setae 162–165.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head about 1.3 times as long as wide; pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.34 times as wide as long; fore legs rather enlarged (Fig. 320), fore tarsal tooth stout; fore wing with 5–5 duplicated cilia; S2 setae on tergite VIII blunt.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1300 (distended). Head length 153, from anterior margin of eyes 138, width across eyes 115, maximum width across cheeks 118, minimum width across base 92; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–11; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 42. Antenna total length 260, segments III–VIII length as follows: 37, 38, 35, 32, 33, 22. Pronotum length 107, width 143. Setae on prothorax: am 22–25, aa?20, ml 25–28, pa 33–34, epim 35–40. Fore wing length 510. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 27 –28, S2 27 –28, S3 31 –33. Pelta length 49, width 60. Tergite IX setae: S1 65, S2 25. Tube length 70, maximum width 41; terminal setae 150.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, Phuket, nr.  Tone Sai Waterfall, on dead leaves and branches, 12.ix.1992, TN &amp; SO  .  Paratype: Thailand, Phuket, 1 male, data very similar to holotype, but 11.ix.1992 .</p><p>Doubtful specimen. Peninsular   Malaysia, 1 female, Pahang,  Endau-Rompin Park, figging, 8.vii.2003, H. Kojima  .</p><p>Comments. This species is included in the  bamboosae -group and may be related to  N. agkoae sp. nov. from the Philippines, the differences between them being discussed under  agkoae .  N. simulans sp. nov. from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia may also be related, but these two species have different a sense cone formula as discussed under  simulans . A female listed as doubtful specimen is very similar to this species, but it could not be confirmed the sense cone number of the antennal segment III.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD01E02275EC8D11888FCFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD01C02215EC8D70688DDFDBB.text	0A01879CD01C02215EC8D70688DDFDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips uniconus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips uniconus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 299–301, 323–330)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.5–1.7mm. Body brown (Fig. 299). Femora largely pale brown to brown, with apices yellowish; tibiae tinged with brown; tarsi yellow.Antenna brown, segment III yellow to brownish yellow. Fore wing and major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 323) much longer than wide, about 1.4 times as long as wide, 1.44 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at middle, dorsal surface smooth, but sculptured posteriorly. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded, 94µm apart from each other, 7–8µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head, 0.30 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair scarcely apart from eyes, about 30µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 330) about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII conical, slightly constricted at extreme base; segments III relatively slender, widely truncated at apex, about 1.6 times as long as wide, almost as long as segment VII; segments III and IV with one (0+1) and three (1+2) sense-cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance a little wider than 1/3 of head width apart, 45µm apart from each other at the level of maxillary bridge in holotype; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum (Fig. 323) about 0.65 times as long as head, about 1.4 times as wide as long, almost smooth; five pairs of major setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, epim much longer than pa, the longest, a little longer than postoculars. Mesopresternum (Fig. 325) narrowly boat-shaped; prospinasternum well developed, inverted triangle, 35µm wide in holotype. Metanotum very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but invisible even using phase contrast illumination; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 25µm in length, 40µm apart from each other, 32–33µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsal tooth small (Fig. 327). Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, subequal in length. Pelta (Fig. 326) triangle, sculptured weakly, 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI and VIII expanded, VII finely pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae pointed, shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, longer than tube. Tube about 0.5 times as long as head, 0.49 times in holotype, about 1.9 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1700 (distended). Head length 173, from anterior margin of eyes 160, width across eyes 115, maximum width across cheeks 120, minimum width across base 100; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–12; postocular setae 35–37. Maxillary bridge width 44. Antenna total length 278, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 35 (21), 38 (25), 34 (22), 32 (19), 35 (18), 20 (10). Pronotum length 112, width 158. Setae on prothorax: am 22, aa 21–22, ml 25, pa 28–30, epim 40–42. Fore wing length 590. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30 –32, S2 32 –33, S3 33. Pelta length 62, width 78. Tergite IX setae: S1 70–75, S2 100. Tube length 84, maximum width 45; terminal setae 170–175.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.20–1.55mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure but showing allometric growth. Fore wing with 3–5 duplicated cilia; terminal tube setae much longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Large male: prothorax and fore leg enlarged (Fig. 329); fore tarsal tooth stout.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1200–1540 (distended). Head length 141– 153, from anterior margin of eyes 128–141, width across eyes 100–114, maximum width across cheeks 107–115, minimum width across base 84–95; eyes length 48–50; diameter of posterior ocelli 6–12; postocular setae 47–35. Maxillary bridge width 42–41. Antenna total length 240–280, segments III–VIII length as follows: 30–32, 37–40, 32–37, 28–34, 30–35, 18–22. Pronotum length 83–116, width 118–163. Setae on prothorax: am 20–25, aa? –25, ml 25–28, pa 28–33, epim 31–40. Fore wing length 420–580. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –31, S2 25 –32, S3 30 –35. Pelta length 45–60, width 63–73. Tergite IX setae: S1 55 –65, S2 28 –31. Tube length 68–73, maximum width 38–45; terminal setae 150–180.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Hean, habitat uncertain, 3.ix.1992, SO  .  Paratypes: Thailand, 1 female, collected together with holotype;   1 male, Bangkok, Bangkhen,  Campus of Kasetsart University, NBCRC, on dead branches, 26.xii.1987, SO ;  1 female, Saraburi, on dead leaves and branches, 10.ix.1991, TN &amp; SO;   1 female,  Fang, on dead leaves and branches, 26.iii.1992, TN &amp; SO ;   1 male, nr. Chiang Mai,  Mae-sa, on bamboo, 3.ix.1991, TN &amp; SO ;   2 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Phrow, on bamboo, 22.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO ;   2 males, nr. Chiang Mai, foot of  Doi Saket, 25.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO ;   2 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Doi Inthanon, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO ;   7 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Lam Pang, on dead leaves and branches, 28.viii.1992, TN &amp; SO ;   1 female and 4 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Ka Jan, on dead leaves and branches, 3.ix.1992, SO ;   3 females and 2 males, nr. Chiang Mai,  Pha Sang, on dead branches, 31.viii.1992, SO ;  1 female, Chiang Rai, on dead leaves and branches, 4.ix.1992, SO;   1 female and 1 male, nr. Chiang Rai,  Pha Yao, on dead leaves and branches, 5.ix.1992, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species has the head somewhat longer, the maxillary stylets rather close together as well as subparallel at basal portion of the head capsule, and the mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped. Because of these features,  uniconus is included in the  bamboosae -group. It is peculiar in the genus in having one (0+1) and three (1+2) sense cones on antennal segments III and IV respectively. It is also somewhat similar to the genus  Leptandrothrips in having antennal segment III widely truncated at apex. However,  uniconus may be not closely related to  Leptandrothrips in having antennal segment VIII well separated from segment VII, the fore tarsus armed with a distinct tooth, and the posteromarginal setae S1 shorter than tube. Moreover, the species included in  Leptandrothrips do not show male allometric growth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD01C02215EC8D70688DDFDBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD01A02225EC8D6CA88E0F87D.text	0A01879CD01A02225EC8D6CA88E0F87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips uniformis Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips uniformis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 302–303, 331–338)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.5mm. Body brown (Fig. 302). All femora brown; fore and mid tibiae brownish, with extreme bases paler; hind tibiae brownish, a little paler than mid tibiae, with basal one-third and extreme apices pale; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III a little paler than segment IV, with base paler. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 331) longer than wide, 1.1–1.2 times as long as wide, 1.17 times in holotype, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface very weakly sculptured with transverse striae or reticulation. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair separated from eyes, 23µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 88µm apart from each other, 8–10µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 338) about 1.9 times as long as head, 1.94 times in holotype; segment VIII slender, weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, usually longer than 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III a little longer than segment IV, longer than segment VII; segments III and IV each with three sense cones, (1+2) and (1+2 +1) respectively, but segment III rarely with two (1+1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak, 0.44 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 331) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.72 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae developed, expanded, am and aa subequal in length, shorter than ml; pa and epim subequal in length, longer than ml, almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 332) irregularly fan-shaped, 28µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, about 20µm in length. Metanotum (Fig. 333) sculptured with reticulation, but weak at middle; median pair of setae pointed, 20–25µm, their distance wider than the distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 53µm apart from each other, 26–27µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a distinct tooth (Fig. 335). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 shorter than S2, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 334) shaped irregularly trpezoid, sculptured distinctly, about 1.7 times as wide as long. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae almost pointed, a little shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube; intermediate setae about half of S1. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.59 times in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae 1.6–1.7 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1420 (distended incompletely. If fully distended, it can be inferred about 1500). Head length 155, from anterior margin of eyes 143, width across eyes 129, maximum width across cheeks 133, minimum width across base 116; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 35–40. Maxillary bridge width 59.Antenna total length about 300, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (23), 40 (24), 40 (21), 38 (19), 37 (17), 29 (9). Pronotum length 112, width 187. Setae on prothorax: am 26–27, aa 26–27, ml 35–39, pa 40, epim 40. Fore wing length 580. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 33, S2 42, S3 47 –48. Pelta length 52, width 88. Tergite IX setae: S1 88, S2 95–100. Tube length 92, maximum width 47; terminal setae 153–155.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3 mm. Very similar to macropterous female, but show allometric growth. Large male: prothorax enlarged, 0.72 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long; fore femora enlarged (Fig. 336), fore tarsal tooth stout; tergite IX S1 setae blunt or very weakly expanded.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1150–1290 (distended). Head length 145– 150, from anterior margin of eyes 133–142, width across eyes 112–119, maximum width across cheeks 115–123, minimum width across base 97–102; eyes length 51–51; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–13; postocular setae 32–40. Maxillary bridge width 52–60. Antenna total length 260–285, segments III–VIII length as follows: 36–40, 35–37, 33–34, 33–34, 33–34, 25–27. Pronotum length 87–109, width 143–164. Setae on prothorax: am 22–23, aa 20–23, ml 28–36, pa 30–37, epim 32–36. Fore wing length 470–520. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28 –32, S2 32 –37, S3 33 –45. Pelta length 45–49, width 70–76. Tergite IX setae: S1 69–78, S2 13 –19. Tube length 79–82, maximum width 38–41; terminal setae 133–140.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female,  Peninsular Malaysia, NE 13km from Tapah, on dead leaves, 27.vii.1976, SO  .   Paratypes:  Peninsular Malaysia ,  1 female, collected together with holotype;   2 females and 1 male, NE 30km from  Tapah, on dead leaves, 3.iii.1976 ,   W. Suzuki;  Tapah, on dead leaves , 8 females and 6 males, 26.vii.1976, 2 females and 1 male, 28.vii.1976, 2 females, 30.vii.1976, SO;   1 female, about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur,  Templer Park, on dead leaves, 15.viii.1990 , TN &amp; SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Peninsular Malaysia based on several females and males taken from dead leaves, and it seems to be a fungus-feeder. It may be included in the  pictipes -group, and closely related to  N. yangmingshanae sp. nov. described below from Taiwan. However,  uniformis has three major sense cones on antennal segment IV, although  yangmingshanae has four major sense cones. One paratype female has only two (1+1) sense cones on the left antennal segment III.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD01A02225EC8D6CA88E0F87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD018022C5EC8D4D38E27FE0F.text	0A01879CD018022C5EC8D4D38E27FE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neandrothrips yangmingshanae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Neandrothrips yangmingshanae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 304–306, 339–348)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 304). All femora brown; all tibiae brown, with bases and apices paler; tarsi yellow.Antenna brown, segment III pale brown, with base paler. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 339) a little longer than wide, about 1.1 times as long as wide in holotype, widest across cheeks just behind eyes; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae, very weakly sculptured medially, but smooth between eyes. Cheeks rounded, constricted at base, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 26µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; 97µm apart from each other, 7–9µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 348) about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted at base, narrowly joined to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III longer than segment VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively, but segment III rarely with two (1+1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, wider apart, almost V-shaped; maxillary bridge weak, 0.45 times as wide as head in holotype. Pronotum (Fig. 339) 0.6–0.7 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae developed, expanded, am and aa subequal in length, a little shorter than ml; pa and epim subequal in length, longer than ml, almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 342) irregularly fan-shaped, 23µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum complete. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded, usually more than 20µm in length. Metanotum (Fig. 343) sculptured medially with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, their distance wider than the distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 45µm apart from each other, 28µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsus with a tooth (Fig. 345). Fore wing with 3–6 duplicated cilia, 3–5 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S1 shorter than S2, S3 the longest. Pelta (Fig. 344) shaped irregularly, almost trapezoid or triangular, sculptured distinctly, about 1.5 times as wide as long. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – V expanded, VI blunt or very weakly expanded, at least not sharply pointed, VII and VIII sharply pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae almost pointed, shorter than tube, S2 finely pointed, almost as long as tube, or a little shorter; intermediate setae a little longer than half of S1. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.62 times in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide; terminal setae 1.5–1.6 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 157, from anterior margin of eyes 144, width across eyes 133, maximum width across cheeks 143, minimum width across base 125; eyes length 51; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–13; postocular setae 35–40. Maxillary bridge width 65. Antenna total length about 300, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (25), 43 (25), 40 (23), 38 (21), 38 (19), 27 (10). Pronotum length 104, width 180. Setae on prothorax: am 25–26, aa 25–28, ml 30–34, pa 36–37, epim 38–39. Fore wing length 610. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 32, S2 35 –36, S3 46 –48. Pelta length 58, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S1 80–81, S2 93–96. Tube length 97, maximum width 48; terminal setae 150–155.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.1–1.3 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but show allometric growth. Small male: head almost as long as wide, cheeks convex; fore tarsal tooth small. Large male: head longer than wide, cheeks weakly rounded; prothorax well developed; fore femora enlarged (Fig. 346), unarmed, fore tarsal tooth stout. Tip of pseudovirga two-humped (Fig. 347), about 10µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1120–1320 (distended). Head length 126– 145, from anterior margin of eyes 117–133, width across eyes 118–122, maximum width across cheeks 126–126, minimum width across base 103–133; eyes length 45–50; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–13; postocular setae 27–36. Maxillary bridge 53–56. Antenna total length 262–290, segments III–VIII length as follows: 34–37, 34–42, 30–37, 32–37, 30–36, 25–26. Pronotum length 80–105, width 144–170. Setae on prothorax: am 18–28, aa? –30, ml 22–35, pa 27–36, epim 27–42. Fore wing length 480–580. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23 –32, S2 27 –35, S3 33 –42. Pelta length 41–53, width 65–72. Tergite IX setae: S1 57 –72, S2 18 –23. Tube length 68–79, maximum width 38–40; terminal setae?–147.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, nr. Taipei,  Yangmingshan, 27.iii.1993, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratypes: Taiwan, 42 females and 18males, collected together with holotype; Nantou Hsien,  Nanshanchi, 1 female, on dead leaves, 30.iii.1984, SO, 7 females and 9 males, on dead leaves and branches, 29.viii.1993, TN &amp; SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Taiwan based on a long series of females and males, and is included in the  pictipes -group. It is very similar to  M. apoae and  M. ilomavisae from the Mindanao Is., the Philippines. From  apoae, however, it can be distinguished by having the head somewhat wider, the postero-marginal setae S2 on the tergites V and VI expanded or very weakly expanded, and the terminal tube setae somewhat longer. From  ilomavisae, it can be distinguished by having the head wider, the antennal segment III almost as long as IV, the tube about 0.6 times as long as head, and the terminal tube setae shorter than 1.7 times as long as tube. Moreover, these three species can easily be distinguished by the shape of the male pseudovirga.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD018022C5EC8D4D38E27FE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD016022D5EC8D1E68831F9F6.text	0A01879CD016022D5EC8D1E68831F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaplothrips acaciae (Mound & Minaei 2007)	<div><p>Xylaplothrips acaciae (Mound &amp; Minaei)</p><p>Xylaplothrips ananthakrishnani (Bournier)</p><p>Xylaplothrips anarsius Mound &amp; Tree</p><p>Xylaplothrips collyerae (Mound &amp; Walker)</p><p>Xylaplothrips gahniae (Mound &amp; Minaei)</p><p>Xylaplothrips trinervoidis Hartwig</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD016022D5EC8D1E68831F9F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD016022D5EC8D7B6894BFAF2.text	0A01879CD016022D5EC8D7B6894BFAF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaplothrips fuliginosus (Schille 1911)	<div><p>Xylaplothrips fuliginosus (Schille)</p><p>Xylaplothrips fungicola (Priesner)</p><p>Xylaplothrips togashii Okajima</p><p>Xylaplothrips ulmi Priesner</p><p>Xylaplothrips zawirskae Kucharczyk</p><p>Species incertae sedis</p><p>The following six species are still listed in this genus but they are possibly not congeners. The generic position of these species requires the original specimens to be re-examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD016022D5EC8D7B6894BFAF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD016022D5EC8D4D38802FC42.text	0A01879CD016022D5EC8D4D38802FC42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaplothrips Priesner	<div><p>Xylaplothrips Priesner</p><p>Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928: 572 . Type-species:  Cryptothrips fuliginosa Schille, 1910, by monotypy.</p><p>In this study, species included in the genus  Xylaplothrips are limited to  X. fuliginosus and its close relatives.Although 11 species are now listed in this genus, only five species,  X. fuliginosus,  X. fungicola,  X. togashii,  X. ulmi and  X. zawirskae, are possibly included in the genus. The rest of the species could well be transferred from  Xylaplothrips to some other genus/genera, but this would require re-examining the original specimens. Two species listed in ‘species incertae sedis ’ by Mound and Tree (2019),  X. ananthakrishnani from Senegal and  X. trinervoidis from South Africa, have three sense cones on antennal segment IV, and are undoubtedly not closely related to  fuliginosus . Three species from Australia,  X. acacia,  X. anarsius and  X. gahniae, and one species from New Zealand,  X. collyerae, could not be determined based on the descriptions at genus level and further study is required.</p><p>Xylaplothrips has only two sense cones on each of antennal segments III and IV, though  Mesandrothrips has three sense cones on segment III and four on IV. However, these two are indistinguishable in characters states other than this sense cone formula. Moreover, both genera are possibly very closely related to the genus  Karnyothrips which shows interspecific variations in the sense cone number of the antennal segments III and IV (Okajima &amp; Masumoto 2025): one to three sense cones on segment III, and two to four on IV. Considering this and the variations found in other genera classified into the  Haplothripini (see introduction), Mesandrothrip s and  Xylaplothrips appear to be more closely related than previously considered.</p><p>Only one species,  X. togashii, is recorded from Japan, in the target area.</p><p>Species included in  Xylaplothrips</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD016022D5EC8D4D38802FC42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD016022E5EC8D2858B04FF7F.text	0A01879CD016022E5EC8D2858B04FF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaplothrips togashii Okajima	<div><p>Xylaplothrips togashii Okajima</p><p>Xylaplothrips togashii Okajima, 2006: 603–605 .</p><p>This species was described in Honshu, Japan, based on nine females taken from one of common bamboo species,  Phyllostachys heterocycle, and it was found once together with  Mesandrothrips ichikaianus sp. nov. described above. It has a well-developed apical tooth on the fore tarsus, and may be related to  X. fuliginosus . The males have not been found so far.</p><p>Specimens examined. Japan (Honshu), the type series (see Okajima 2006); 31 females, Tochigi, Ichikai-machi, Sugiyama, on  Phyllostachys heterocycle ( Poaceae), 17.v.2023, SO (these females were collected together with  M. ichikaianus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD016022E5EC8D2858B04FF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD015022F5EC8D50E8FB1FEA4.text	0A01879CD015022F5EC8D50E8FB1FEA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips gen. nov.</p><p>Generic definition. Macroptera (microptera not found so far). Head longer than wide, rarely almost as long as wide, with a pair of postocular setae; often anterior end of cheeks rather bulged and shortly overlapping with eyes. Eyes moderately developed; ocelli variable, often rather small; interocellar and postocellar setae minute. Antenna 8-segmented, rarely 7-segmented; segments VIII not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to VII, rarely completely fused with incomplete suture between these morphological segments; segments III with one (0+1), two (1+1) or three (1+2), segment IV with four (2+2 +1) major sense cones. Mouth cone rounded; maxillary stylets long, reaching eyes, close together at middle; maxillary bridge weak or distinct, usually situated far from base of head, usually narrower than one-fifth of head width in female. Prothoracic five pairs of major setae developed, but relatively short, rarely am reduced; notopleural suture complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna moderately developed; prospinasternum variable; mesopresternum reduced medially, narrowly boat-shaped or divided. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Fore tarsus with a slender lateral tooth, usually as long as width of tarsus. Fore wings weakly narrowed at middle, with duplicated cilia. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae. Tube relatively short, tapering and straight-sided. Terminal setae usually longer than tube. Males usually show allometric growth and with no pore plate on sternite VIII.</p><p>Type-species.  Xyphandrothrips conjunctus sp. nov.</p><p>Comments. This genus is established for nine species:  amamianus sp. nov.,  cinctus sp. nov.,  conjunctus sp. nov.,  formosae sp. nov.,  karaentae sp. nov.,  megacephalus sp. nov.,  pallens sp. nov.,  septemfidus sp. nov. and  vietnamicus sp. nov. It may be closely related to  Neandrothrips gen. nov. described above. However,  Xyphandrothrips has the two terminal antennal segments widely and closely joined. This is similar to the condition in Hadrandrothrips and  Leptandrothrips, with these segments rarely completely fused with an incomplete suture between them. In contrast,  Neandrothrips species have these segments distinctly separated. Moreover, the long lateral tooth on the fore tarsus in this genus is peculiar in the ‘  Xylaplothrips -complex’. The sense cone formula is also variable in this genus (Table 2).</p><p>Most species of this genus have been collected from dead plants, therefore they seem to be fungus-feeders.</p><p>Key to  Xyphandrothrips species</p><p>1. Antennae 7-segmented (Fig. 422), morphological segments VII and VIII completely fused with incomplete suture between them; distance between metanotal median pair of setae narrower than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum (Fig. 417)..................................................................  septemfidus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Antennae 8-segmented (cf. Fig. 373); distance between metanotal median pair of setae wider than distance between those setae and anterior margin of metanotum (cf. Fig. 361)............................................................. 2</p><p>2. Antennal segment III with two (1+1) sense cones............................................................ 3</p><p>-. Antennal segment III with three (1+2) sense cones........................................................... 7</p><p>3. Fore wing sub-basal setae S3 expanded.................................................................... 4</p><p>-. Fore wing sub-basal setae S3 pointed..................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Body bicolored brown and yellow (Fig. 350), head, thorax and tube brown, abdominal segments I–IX largely yellowish; hind femora yellow............................................................................  cinctus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 351); hind femora pale brown.....................................  conjunctus sp. nov.</p><p>5. Most of major body setae, including postoculars, five pairs of prothoracic setae and tergal S1 and S2 setae, pointed; eyes relatively small, about one-fifth of head length (Figs 400–401)..................................  megacephalus sp. n</p><p>-. At least prothoracic aa, ml, pa and epim, and S1 setae on abdominal tergites II–VIII expanded; eyes larger.............. 6</p><p>6. Head almost as long as wide; postocular setae and pronotal am setae pointed; tube a little longer than 0.5 times as long as head.................................................................................  amamianus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide; postocular setae and pronotal am setae expanded; tube much shorter than 0.5 times as long as head............................................................................  formosae sp. nov.</p><p>7. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 358)........................................................  vietnamicus sp. nov.</p><p>-. Body bicolored yellow and brown, or yellow and pale brown................................................... 8</p><p>8. Head and thorax yellowish brown, tube pale brown (Fig. 356); fore femora yellowish (Fig. 412), weakly shaded with brown; head about 1.3 times as long as wide in female (Fig. 408); maxillary stylets narrower than one-fifth of head width apart from each other at middle in female...............................................................  pallens sp. nov.</p><p>-. Head, thorax and tube brown (Fig. 353); fore femora largely brown (Fig. 397); head about 1.2 times as long as wide in female (Fig. 390); maxillary stylets about one-fifth of head width apart from each other at middle in female.....  karaentae sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD015022F5EC8D50E8FB1FEA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD01402295EC8D5318E8CFD77.text	0A01879CD01402295EC8D5318E8CFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothripss amamianus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothripss amamianus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 349, 359–365)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.5mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 349). Femora brown to dark brown; tibiae brown, mid and hind tibiae with apices scarcely paler; tarsi yellowish. Antennal segments I and II brown, slightly paler than head; segments V–VIII dark brown, almost concolorous with head; segment III yellow; segment IV brown, with basal one-third somewhat paler. Fore wings scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 359) almost as long as wide, 1.04 times as long as wide, widest just behind eyes; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with reticulation, but almost smooth at middle. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Posterior ocelli scarcely separated from eyes, 27µm apart from each other. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, pointed; 107µm apart from each other, about 9–10µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 365) about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII conical, widely and closely joined to segment VII, a little longer than 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III shorter than IV, longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, 30µm apart from each other at a level of maxillary bridge; maxillary bridge very weak. Pronotum (Fig. 359) 0.67 times as long as head, 1.66 times as wide as long, almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae developed, am pointed, but remaining four pairs expanded. Prospinasternum (Fig. 360) irregularly fan-shaped, 27µm wide; mesopresternum divided. Mesonotal lateral setae about 20µm long, pointed. Metanotum (Fig. 361) very weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, longer than 20µm, 52µm apart from each other, 33–35µm apart from anterior margin of metanotum. Fore tarsal tooth long and slender (Fig. 363). Fore wing with 2–3 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively short, S1 and S2 expanded, S3 sharply pointed, the longest. Pelta (Fig. 362) trapezoid with rounded anterior margin, 1.6 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, a little shorter than S2, S2 finely pointed, shorter than tube; intermediate setae a little longer than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 364) 0.51 times as long as head, 1.84 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.1 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1480 (distended). Head length 163, from anterior margin of eyes 155, width across eyes 143, maximum width across cheeks 157, minimum width across base 125; eyes length 48; diameter of posterior ocelli 11–12; postocular setae 30–37. Maxillary bridge width?. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 35 (24), 40 (27), 37 (25), 35 (25), 30 (22), 22 (14). Pronotum length 110, width 183. Setae on prothorax: am 23–25, aa?25, ml 27, pa 33, epim 30. Fore wing length 610. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 22 –25, S2 27 –28, S3 31 –33. Pelta length 55, width 88. Tergite IX setae: S1 57 –58, S2 60 –63. Tube length 83, maximum width 45; terminal setae 92.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Japan,  Ryukyus,  Amami Is, Sumiyou-son, Amami-chuourindou, on dead leaves and branches, 26.iii.1990, SO.</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Amami-ohshima Is., the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, based on a unique macropterous female and is very similar to  X. conjunctus sp. nov. described below from Taiwan. However, it is easily distinguished from the latter by the following features: head somewhat broader; antennal segment VII much shorter than segment III; postocular setae, prothoracic am setae and postero-lateral setae S2 on tergites III–VI pointed; tube about 0.5 times as long as head; terminal setae about 1.1 times as long as tube.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD01402295EC8D5318E8CFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD012022B5EC8D7068EA3FE01.text	0A01879CD012022B5EC8D7068EA3FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips cinctus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips cinctus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 350, 366–373)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.4mm. Body bicolored (Fig. 350). Head, thorax yellowish brown, tube pale brown; abdominal segment I yellowish at middle, brownish laterally, segment II yellow, segments II–VI largely yellow to brownish yellow, with anterolateral portions brownish, segments VIII and IX brownish yellow. Fore femora brown, scarcely paler than head, with apical one-third yellowish, mid femora pale brown, with apical two-fifths yellow, hind femora yellow; fore tibiae yellowish brown, a little paler than femora, mid and hind tibiae weakly shaded with brown, with bases and apices yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV–VIII brown, I and IV a little paler, segment IV with base yellowish, segments II and III yellow, but segment II scarcely shaded. Fore wings very weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 366) a little longer than wide, 1.17 times as long as wide; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae between eyes. Cheeks rounded, gradually narrowed to base, anterior end bulged and shortly overlapping with eyes, weakly serrated. Eyes 0.28 times as long as head. Posterior ocelli almost in contact with eyes, about 27µm apart from each other. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; about 90µm apart from each other, 7–8µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 373) short, 1.75 times as long as head; segment VIII conical, not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII; segment III truncated at apex, shorter than IV, almost as long as VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance narrower than one-fifth of head width; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 366) 0.68 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long; almost smooth, median apodeme very weak; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am and aa subequal in length, ml and pa subequal, almost as long as postocular setae, epim a little longer than pa. Prospinasternum (Fig. 367) largely developed, irregularly shaped, 38µm wide; mesopresternum divided into lateral triangles. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, 22–25µm long, distance between both median setae wider than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 45µm apart from each other, 30–35µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsal tooth long (Fig. 370). Fore wing with 4 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively short, expanded. Pelta (Fig. 368) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.53 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI expanded, VII pointed, VIII blunt. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, much shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, almost as long as tube; intermediate setae longer than three-quarters of Sl. Tube (Fig. 372) 0.5 times as long as head, about 1.9 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1400 (distended). Head length 160, from anterior margin of eyes 150, width across eyes 128, maximum width across cheeks 137, minimum width across base 106; eyes length 45; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–11; postocular setae 23–24. Maxillary bridge width 25. Antenna total length 280, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 33 (22), 40 (26), 37 (22), 36 (20), 33 (20), 20 (12). Pronotum length 108, width 163. Setae on prothorax: am 18–20, aa?20, ml 25, pa 25, epim 29. Fore wing length 540. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 23, S2 20, S3 20. Pelta length 51, width 78. Tergite IX setae: S1 52 –53, S2 80. Tube length 80, maximum width 42; terminal setae?110.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.33mm. Very similar to macropterous female in structure. Abdominal segments II and IV yellow, segments V–IX yellow, but very weakly shaded with brown; mid and hind tibiae yellow. Maxillary bridge wider, 0.29 times as wide as head; prothorax (Fig. 369) and fore legs enlarged (Fig. 371), fore tarsal tooth stout. Fore wing with 3–4 duplicated cilia.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1330 (distended). Head length 165, from anterior margin of eyes 153, width across eyes 127, maximum width across cheeks 130, minimum width across base 99; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 25. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 280, segments III–VIII length as follows: 33, 42, 39, 37, 34, 22. Pronotum length 118, width 167. Setae on prothorax: am 20, aa 25, ml 30, pa 30, epim 30. Fore wing length 540. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 28, S2 25, S3 27. Pelta length 49, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S1?40, S2 20. Tube length 68, maximum width 41; terminal setae 107.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Ninh Thuan Prov., Lam Son District,  Root 27 (Pass 1), 900m alt., 23.viii.2007, SO  .  Paratype: Vietnam, 1 male, collected together with holotype .</p><p>Comments. This species is described from Vietnam based on one female and one large male, and it may be related to  X. conjunctus from Taiwan. These two species have antennal segments III and IV with three and four major sense cones respectively, the terminal two antennal segments closely and widely joined, and the sub-basal setae S3 expanded. However, in contrast to  conjunctus that has a uniformly brown body,  cinctus has the body bicolored brown and yellow. Unfortunately, the feeding habitat of this species is uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD012022B5EC8D7068EA3FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD01002145EC8D59C8828FD91.text	0A01879CD01002145EC8D59C8828FD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips conjunctus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips conjunctus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 351, 374–381)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.5mm. Body brown (Fig. 351), but abdomen somewhat paler. Fore femora brown, mid femora brown with apex paler, hind femora pale brown with base paler; tibiae pale brown, mid and hind tibiae with apices yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, but IV with extreme base yellowish; segment II brownish yellow, segment III yellow. Fore wings scarcely shaded with pale brown, but basal one-third pale. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 374) a little longer than wide, about 1.1 times as long as wide, 1.13 times in holotype; dorsal surface weakly sculptured with transverse striae, sculpture somewhat distinct between postocular setae. Cheeks very weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, serrated. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Posterior ocelli slightly separated from eyes, about 30µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; about 100µm apart from each other, 8–9µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 381) short, about 1.7 times as long as head, 1.69 times in holotype; segment VIII conical, not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII; segment III almost symmetrical, truncated at apex, shorter than IV, almost as long as VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width, or a little narrower; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 374) more than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, 1.6–1.7 times as wide as long, 1.65 times in holotype; almost smooth, median apodeme very weak; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am and aa subequal in length, ml and pa subequal, epim a little longer than pa and postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 376) largely developed, widely fan-shaped, about 45µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped or almost separated into lateral triangle plates. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 40µm apart from each other, 28µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long and slender (Fig. 378); fore tibia with a sub-apical seta-bearing inner small tubercle. Fore wing with 3–5 duplicated cilia, 4 in holotype; three sub-basal setae relatively short, subequal in length, expanded, S3 slender. Pelta (Fig. 377) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.47 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII pointed, VIII blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt or very weakly expanded, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than S1, almost as long as tube, or longer; intermediate setae longer than half of Sl. Tube much shorter than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.44 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1450 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 136, maximum width across cheeks 148, minimum width across base 120; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–12; postocular setae 25. Maxillary bridge width 28. Antenna total length 283, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 35 (23), 41 (27), 38 (24), 37 (22), 35 (20), 19 (13). Pronotum length 110, width 182. Setae on prothorax: am 22–23, aa 23–24, ml 28–30, pa 30, epim 33–34. Fore wing length 560. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 24 –25, S2 23 –25, S3 25. Pelta length 53, width 78. Tergite IX setae: S1 60 –62, S2 76–80. Tube length 74, maximum width 43; terminal setae 105.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in structure, but showing allometric growth. Abdomen usually paler, often largely yellowish. Large male: prothorax and fore legs enlarged (Fig. 375). Tip of pseudovirga rounded, 12µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1330 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 164, width across eyes 132, maximum width across cheeks 142, minimum width across base 108; eyes length 55; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–12; postocular setae 30–32. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length as follows: 34, 42, 39, 37, 37, 20. Pronotum length 122, width 175. Setae on prothorax: am 17–20, aa 24–28, ml 30–32, pa 25–30, epim 32–35. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –27, S2 22 –23, S3 23 –25. Pelta length 52, width 67. Tergite IX setae: S1 45 –47, S2 20 –23. Tube length 68, maximum width 41; terminal setae 100.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien,  Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 27.iii.1984, SO  .   Paratypes: Taiwan, same locality and habitat as in holotype, 2 females and 1 male, 24.iii.1984, 1 male, 25.iii.1984, 1 male, 29.iii.1984, 2 females, 30.iii.1984, SO; Pintung Hsien,  Kenting Nat. Park, 18.iii. 1984, 1 male, on dead leaves, 3 females and 2 males, on dead branches, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is somewhat similar to  X. amamianus and  X. formosae in having antennal segments III and IV with two and four major sense cones respectively. The differences between these species are discussed under  amamianus and  formosae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD01002145EC8D59C8828FD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD02F02165EC8D2848891FCBF.text	0A01879CD02F02165EC8D2848891FCBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips formosae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips formosae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 352, 382–389)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5–1.6mm. Body dark brown (Fig. 352). Fore femora dark brown, mid and hind femora brown; tibiae pale brown, mid and hind tibiae with apical one-third yellowish; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I–II and IV–VIII brown to dark brown, but segment II somewhat paler antero-externally, segment IV with extreme base yellowish, with apical one-third scarcely paler; segment III yellow, scarcely tinged with pale brown. Fore wing very weakly shaded with pale brown, but basal one-third pale. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 382) a little longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.18 times in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth.</p><p>Cheeks weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, very weakly serrated. Eyes a little shorter than 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair separated from eyes, about 30µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, weakly expanded; 94µm apart from each other, 6–7µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 389) about 1.7 times as long as head, 1.68 times in holotype; segment VIII short and conical, closely joined to segment VII, but basal width often somewhat narrower than apical width of VII (Figs 387 &amp; 388); segments III almost symmetrical, truncated at apex, shorter than IV, almost as long as VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width, or a little narrower; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 382) more than 0.6 times as long as head, 0.64 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as wide as long, 1.71 times in holotype; almost smooth, median apodeme very weak; five pairs of prothoracic setae weakly expanded; am and aa subequal in length, ml and pa subequal, epim a little longer than pa and almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 383) largely developed, irregularly fan-shaped, about 35µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped or separated into lateral triangle plates. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, weakly expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 384) weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 45µm apart from each other, 28–30µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long and slender (Fig. 386). Fore wing with 2–5 duplicated cilia, 3–5 in holotype; sub-basal setae S1 and S2 expanded, S3 finely pointed and the longest. Pelta (Fig. 385) trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.57 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III expanded, IV – VI and VIII bluntly pointed, VII finely pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae bluntly pointed or almost pointed, almost as long as tube, S2 sharply pointed, a little shorter than S1; intermediate setae about half of Sl. Tube much shorter than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.45 times in holotype, about 1.6 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.3 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 173, from anterior margin of eyes 163, width across eyes 130, maximum width across cheeks 146, minimum width across base 123; eyes length 47; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–11; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 28. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (26), 41 (28), 40 (26), 37 (23), 37 (22), 20 (11). Pronotum length 110, width 188. Setae on prothorax: am 20, aa?20, ml 28–30, pa 32, epim 35. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –28, S2 28 –30, S3 37. Pelta length 53, width 83. Tergite IX setae: S1 80, S2 72–75. Tube length 78, maximum width 48; terminal setae 100.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Taoyuan Hsien,  Mt. Lala-shan, on dead leaves and branches, 19.viii.1993, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratypes: Taiwan, 1 female, Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr.  Wanta, on dead branches, 4.iv.1984, SO ;   1 female, Taipei Hsien,  Mt. Tatung shan, on dead branches, 4.iv.1984, SO  .</p><p>Comments. This species is very similar to  X. conjunctus sp. nov. described above also from Taiwan. However, it is distinct in the following features (in parentheses are the features of  conjunctus): antennal segments VII and VIII not forming a single segment (closely joined and forming a single segment); antennal segment II largely brown (brownish yellow); dorsal surface of head almost smooth (sculptured with transverse striae especially between postocular setae); sub-basal setae S3 finely pointed (expanded); posteromarginal setae S1 on the abdominal tergite IX a little longer than S2 (much shorter than S2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD02F02165EC8D2848891FCBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD02D02105EC8D7CE896BFCBF.text	0A01879CD02D02105EC8D7CE896BFCBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips karaentae Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips karaentae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 353, 390–399)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.3–1.5mm. Body bicolored yellow and brown (Fig. 353). Head, thorax and tube brown, base of tube somewhat paler; abdomen largely yellowish with partly brown shadings, segments I, VIII and IX shaded with brown, segments II – VII shaded with brown antero-laterally. Fore femora brown, a little paler than head, with apices yellowish; mid and hind femora pale brown, with apices yellow; fore tibiae tinged with brown, mid tibiae scarcely shaded with brown medially, hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennal segment I pale brown, segments IV – VIII brown, segment IV with base yellowish; segments II and III largely yellowish, but segment II scarcely tinged with brown basally. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 390) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide; dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae between postocular setae. Cheeks weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli normal; posterior pair scarcely separated from eyes, 22µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded; about 100µm apart from each other, 7–8µm apart from eyes in holotype.Antennae (Fig. 399) about 1.7 times as long as head, 1.74 times in holotype; segment VIII conical (Fig. 398), widely and closely joined to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III shorter than segment IV, longer than VII; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 390) about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.67 times in holotype, about 1.6 times as wide as long, 1.56 times in holotype; almost smooth, but sculptured with transverse reticulation at near posterior margin; five pairs of prothoracic setae relatively short, expanded. Prospinasternum (Fig. 393) irregularly shaped, narrower than 30µm; mesopresternum reduced medially, divided or very narrowly boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed. expanded, usually about 20µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 394) very weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae finely pointed, 25µm long, distance between both median setae wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 46µm apart from each other, 30–32µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long (Fig. 396). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae subequal in length, expanded. Pelta (Fig. 395) triangular or trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, about 1.6 times as wide as long. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII sharply pointed, VIII blunt or very weakly expanded. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than tube; intermediate setae about two-thirds of Sl. Tube longer than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.44 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1470 (distended). Head length 170, from anterior margin of eyes 158, width across eyes 134, maximum width across cheeks 142, minimum width across base 111; eyes length 56; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–13; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 295, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (24), 44 (26), 36 (23), 35 (21), 32 (18), 23 (12). Pronotum length 114, width 178. Setae on prothorax: am about 20, aa about 20, ml about 20, pa 32–33, epim 32–33. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25, S2 25, S3 25. Pelta length 52, width 83. Tergite IX setae: S1 62–64, S2 80. Tube length 75, maximum width 44; terminal setae 112–117.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.2–1.3mm. Very similar to macropterous female in structure, but showing allometric growth. Body color usually somewhat paler than female; abdomen largely yellow, mid and hind femora yellowish, slightly tinged with brown, fore tibia brownish yellow, mid and hind tibia yellow. Large male: prothorax and fore leg enlarged; fore tarsal tooth stout (Fig. 397).</p><p>Measurements (paratype small–large males in µm). Body length 1200–1300 (distended). Head length 150– 173, from anterior margin of eyes 140–157, width across eyes 120–123, maximum width across cheeks 123–128, minimum width across base 99–102; eyes length 53–65; diameter of posterior ocelli 10–15; postocular setae 27–33. Maxillary bridge width 48–47. Antenna total length 265–275, segments III–VIII length as follows: 35–38, 37–42, 35–37, 35–37, 32–30, 21–22. Pronotum length 93–113, width 154–166. Setae on prothorax: am 21–24, aa?20–23, ml 22–28, pa 30–30, epim 35–30. Fore wing length 510–560. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 24 –26, S2 26 –26, S3 25 –25. Pelta length 48–53, width 71–73. Tergite IX setae: S1 45 –?, S2 22 –21. Tube length 60–62, maximum width 37–40; terminal setae 105–115.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Karaenta Forest res., Maros to  Camba, alt. about 400m, on dead branches, 5.viii.1984, SO  .  Paratypes: Indonesia, Sulawesi, 3 males, collected together with holotype; 7 females and 4 males, data very similar to holotype, but 6.viii.1984.</p><p>Comments. This species may be related to  X. pallens sp. nov. from Taiwan described below. However, it can be distinguished by the key above. This species may also be related to  X. cinctus sp. nov. also from Taiwan, and the color pattern of these two species is very similar. However,  karaentae has three sense cones on antennal segment III, though  cinctus has only two sense cones on that segment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD02D02105EC8D7CE896BFCBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD02B02115EC8D7CE898CF867.text	0A01879CD02B02115EC8D7CE898CF867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips megacephalus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips megacephalus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 354–355, 400–407)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.8mm. Body brown to dark brown (holotype female is somewhat paler than paratype female) (Fig. 354). All femora entirely brown to dark brown, concolorous with head; all tibiae brown, mid and hind tibiae with apices scarcely paler; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I– II and IV – VIII brown to dark brown, segment IV with base yellowish; segment III largely yellow, with distal half scarcely shaded with brown. Fore wing pale, scarcely shaded with brown at middle. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 400) much longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.31 times in holotype, widest across cheeks; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle, sculptured with transverse striae laterally. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrated. Eyes relatively small, about one-fifth of head length. Posterior ocelli slightly separated from eyes, 44µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae a little longer than eyes, pointed; 103µm apart from each other, about 12µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 407) 1.65 times as long as head; segment VIII conical, narrowly but closely joined to segment VII, about three-fifths of VII in length; segments III and IV subequal in length, longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, close together, sub-parallel, 17–18µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge invisible even if using the phase contrast microscope. Pronotum (Fig. 400) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.63 times in holotype, 1.63 times as wide as long in holotype; almost smooth, but sculptured at near posterior margin; four pairs of pronotal setae pointed or blunt, am, aa and pa pointed, ml blunt; epim blunt or very weakly expanded. Prospinasternum (Fig. 402) irregularly fan-shaped, about 35µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed, pointed, 20–23µm long. Metanotum (Fig. 403) weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, longer than 20µm, distance between both median setae much wider than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 58µm apart from each other, 28–33µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long (Fig. 404). Fore wing with 2–4 duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae S1 and S2 expanded, S3 pointed; S3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, 1.53 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S1 and S2 setae sharply pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, subequal in length, shorter than tube; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube shorter than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.46 times in holotype, about 1.8 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.2 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1800 (distended). Head length 207, from anterior margin of eyes 197, width across eyes 136, maximum width across cheeks 158, minimum width across base 130; eyes length 42; diameter of posterior ocelli 8–13; postocular setae 46. Antenna total length 340, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 47 (27), 47 (29), 43 (27), 43 (23), 40 (23), 23 (12). Pronotum length 130, width 212. Setae on prothorax: am 23–25, aa?25, ml 40, pa 40, epim?40. Fore wing length 630. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 30, S2 30 –32, S3 45 –47. Pelta length 59, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 83–85, S2 84–85. Tube length 95, maximum width 53; terminal setae 110–115.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5–1.6mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure, but show allometric growth. Large male: prothorax and fore legs enlarged; fore trochanter with a triangular inner tubercle (Fig. 405); pronotal am setae reduced. Tip of pseudovirga rounded (Fig. 406), about 15µm wide.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 196, from anterior margin of eyes 184, width across eyes 130, maximum width across cheeks 139, minimum width across base 112; eyes length 46; diameter of posterior ocelli 810; postocular setae 40. Antenna total length 335, segments III–VIII length as follows: 45, 47, 45, 40, 41, 24. Pronotum length 135, width 200. Setae on prothorax: am 10–15, aa 25, ml 35, pa 44, epim 40. Fore wing length 640. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 27 –28, S2 33 –35, S3 38 –40. Pelta length 54, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S1 80, S2 35. Tube length 89, maximum width 48; terminal setae 116.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien,  Meifeng, on dead leaves and branches, 1.ix.1994, TN &amp; SO  .  Paratypes: Taiwan, 1 female and 1 male, collected together with holotype;  1 male, same locality as holotype, alt. about 2000m, habitat uncertain, 28.iii.1984, SO.</p><p>Comments.   This species is described from the mountainous area of central Taiwan based on two females and two males. It is peculiar in the genus in having the following features: eyes small, about one-fifth of head length; postocular setae pointed and a little longer than eyes; maxillary stylets close together, much narrower than one-fifth of the head width; four pairs of pronotal major setae pointed or blunt  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD02B02115EC8D7CE898CF867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD02902135EC8D4D3886FFB8C.text	0A01879CD02902135EC8D4D3886FFB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips pallens Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips pallens sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 356, 408–414)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: about 1.5mm. Body bicolored (Fig. 356). Head, prothorax and mesothorax scarcely shaded with brown; tube pale brown, a little darker than head, with basal quarter yellow; metathorax and abdominal segments I– IX yellow. Legs largely yellow, femora very weakly shaded. Antennal segment I pale brown, almost as dark as head; segment II weakly shaded with brown, paler than segment I; segment III yellow; segments IV – VIII brown, almost concolorous with tube, pedicel of segment IV yellowish. Fore wings weakly shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 308) longer than wide, 1.33 times as long as wide in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured with transverse striae. Cheeks very weakly rounded, or almost straight, gradually narrowed to base, serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length, 0.32 times as long as head in holotype. Posterior ocelli in contact with eyes, about 20µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae situated relatively far from cheeks, shorter than eyes, expanded; 92µm apart from each other, about 8µm apart from eyes, 23µm from cheeks in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 414) short, 1.55 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII conical, not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII; segment III almost as long as segment IV, longer than VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance narrower than one-fifth of head width, 23µm in holotype; maxillary bridge relatively distinct. Pronotum (Fig. 408) about 0.6 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am and aa subequal in length, ml and pa subequal, almost as long as postocular setae. Prospinasternum (Fig. 409) largely developed, about 40µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum (Fig. 410) weakly sculptured with reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, about 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 48µm apart from each other, 28–30µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long (Fig. 412). Fore wing with 4–6 duplicated cilia, 5–6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded. Pelta (Fig. 411) very weak, almost trapezoid (uncertain in holotype), about 1.7 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, longer than tube; intermediate setae much longer than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 413) much shorter than 0.5 times as long as head, 0.41 times in holotype, about 1.7 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 190, from anterior margin of eyes 175, width across eyes 131, maximum width across cheeks 143, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 60; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–16; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 30. Antenna total length 295, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 41 (24), 41 (28), 38 (25), 37 (23), 30 (20), 23 (15). Pronotum length 115, width 171. Setae on prothorax: am?25, aa?30, ml?30, pa 33–36, epim 40. Fore wing length 570. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25, S2 30, S3 33. Pelta length 53, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S1 65–68, S2 95. Tube length 77, maximum width 46; terminal setae 118.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam,  Bac Can Province, Ba Be National Park, on dead branches, 2.viii.2000, SO  .   Paratype: Vietnam, 1 female, Quang Binh Prov., Bo Trach District, Son Trach, nr.  Phone Nha, 20m alt., 14.viii.2007, SO  .</p><p>Comments.   This species is described from Vietnam based on two females. It can easily be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following features: body bicolored pale brown and yellow; antennal segment III with three sense cones; sub-basal wing setae S3 expanded; S2 setae on tergite VIII bluntly pointed; tube short, 0.41 times as long as head. This species is somewhat similar to  X. vietnamensis sp. nov. also from Vietnam in having antennal segment III with three sense cones and the sub-basal wing setae S3 expanded. These two species can be distinguished easily by the key above  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD02902135EC8D4D3886FFB8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD028021D5EC8D01F8FBFFEE3.text	0A01879CD028021D5EC8D01F8FBFFEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips septemfidus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips septemfidus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 357, 415–422)</p><p>Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.8mm. Body bicolored brown and yellow (Fig. 357). Head and tube brown, head scarcely paler at base, basal one-third of tube yellowish; the rest of body yellow. Legs yellow. Antennal segments VI–VIII brown, extreme base of segment VI yellowish; segment V pale brown, with basal quarter yellow; the remaining segments largely yellow, but segment I and IV scarcely shaded. Fore wings and major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 415) longer than wide, about 1.2 times as long as wide, widest across cheeks; dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, gradually narrowed towards base, very weakly serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Posterior ocelli slightly separated from eyes, 25µm apart from each other. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, weakly expanded; 128µm apart from each other, about 21–22µm apart from eyes. Antennae (Fig. 422) about 1.7 times as long as head; 7-segmented, morphological segments VII and VIII completely fused, but with incomplete suture between them; segments III a little short er than IV; segments III and IV with one (0+1) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, close together at middle, 22µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge invisible even if using the phase contrast microscope. Pronotum (Fig. 415) 0.75 times as long as head, about 1.4 times as wide as long; almost smooth; four pairs of prothoracic setae developed and expanded, but am reduced to discal setae; ml and pa subequal in length, epim the longest. Prospinasternum (Fig. 416) widely fan-shaped, 33µm wide; mesopresternum divided. Mesonotal lateral setae reduced. Metanotum (Fig. 417) weakly sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, shorter than 20µm, distance between both median setae narrower than distance between that seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 41µm apart from each other,48–50µm apart from anterior margin. Fore tarsal tooth long and slender (Fig. 419). Fore wing with 5–6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively short, S1 and S2 expanded, S3 pointed. Pelta (Fig. 418) weak, trapezoid, about 1.4 times as wide as long. Tergites III–VIII S2 setae: III–VI and VIII expanded, VII sharply pointed. Tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 shorter than tube, S2 a little shorter than tube or almost as long as tube; intermediate setae shorter than half of Sl. Tube (Fig. 421) shorter than 0.55 times as long as head, about 2.1 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.2 times as long as tube.</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1800 (distended). Head length 193, from anterior margin of eyes 178, width across eyes 152, maximum width across cheeks 162, minimum width across base 132; eyes length 66; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–16; postocular setae 50–54. Antenna total length 330, segments III–VII (= morphological VII + VIII) length (width) as follows: 45 (26), 48 (30), 43 (25), 38 (22), 60 (22). Pronotum length 144, width 200. Setae on prothorax: aa about 20, ml 35, pa 34, epim 45–48. Fore wing length 650. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –27, S2 25 –26, S3 28 –31. Pelta length 68, width 96. Tergite IX setae: S1 85–90, S2 100–110. Tube length 107, maximum width 52; terminal setae 120–125.</p><p>Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.45mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Fore wing with 5–6 duplicated cilia.</p><p>Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1450 (distended). Head length 172, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 134, maximum width across cheeks 141, minimum width across base 111; eyes length 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae 40–43. Antenna total length 290, segments III–VII (= morphological VII + VIII) length as follows: 39, 40, 38, 35, 54. Pronotum length 125, width 180. Setae on prothorax: aa shorter than 20, ml about 30, pa 30, epim 40. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 22 –25, S2 22, S3 20 –30. Pelta length 58, width 82. Tergite IX setae: S1 60 –65, S2 34 –35. Tube length 88, maximum width 47; terminal setae 100–110.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female,  Peninsular Malaysia, about 20km N from Kuala Lumpur, on dead leaves of bamboo, 13.viii.1990, TN &amp; SO  .   Paratype:  Peninsular Malaysia, 1 male, data very similar to holotype, but 12.viii.1990  .</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Indonesia, Bali, 2 males, Tabanan,  Jatiluwih (Peteli Temple), 867–915m alt., on dead branches, 14.iii.2005, SO  .</p><p>Comments.   This species is described from Peninsular Malaysia based on one female and one male taken from dead bamboo leaves, and is peculiar within the genus in having the antennae 7-segmented. Morphological antennal segments VII and VIII are completely fused, except for an incomplete suture between them. Two males listed under doubtful specimens taken from Bali, Indonesia, are very similar to  septemfidus, but have the head largely yellowish  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD028021D5EC8D01F8FBFFEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
0A01879CD026021E5EC8D5F2896FFF7F.text	0A01879CD026021E5EC8D5F2896FFF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyphandrothrips vietnamicus Okajima & Masumoto 2025	<div><p>Xyphandrothrips vietnamicus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 358, 423–430)</p><p>Female (macroptera).  Distended body length: 1.4–1.6mm. Body brown (Fig. 358). Abdomen somewhat paler than head and thorax, tube with basal one-third yellowish. Fore femora brown, with apical one-third paler, mid and hind femora pale brown, with apices paler; fore tibiae pale brown, mid and hind tibiae largely yellowish, but very weakly shaded; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, but IV with extreme base yellowish; segment II pale brown, segment III yellowish. Fore wing scarcely shaded with brown. Major body setae pale. Head (Fig. 423) longer than wide, about 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.34 times in holotype; dorsal surface almost smooth at middle. Cheeks very weakly rounded, gradually narrowed to base, anterior end shortly overlapping with eyes, serrated. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 22µm apart from each other in holotype. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded; 89µm apart from each other, 8µm apart from eyes in holotype. Antennae (Fig. 430) short, 1.55 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII conical, not constricted at base, widely and closely joined to segment VII; segment III almost symmetrical, truncated at apex, shorter than IV, almost as long as VII; segment IV the largest; segments III and IV with three (1+2) and four (2+2 +1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes, sub-parallel at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum (Fig. 423) about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.57 times in holotype, about 1.6 times as wide as long; almost smooth; five pairs of prothoracic setae expanded; am and aa subequal in length, pa longer than ml, almost as long as postocular setae, epim a little longer than pa. Prospinasternum (Fig. 424) largely developed, about 40µm wide; mesopresternum divided into lateral triangles. Mesonotal lateral setae developed, expanded. Metanotum sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae pointed, less than 20µm, distance between both median setae wider than distance between each seta and anterior margin of metanotum, 40µm apart from each other, 29–31µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore tarsal tooth long (Fig. 427). Fore wing with 4–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively short, expanded. Pelta (Fig. 425) trapezoid, sculptured weakly, 1.55 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergites III – VIII S2 setae: III – VI expanded, VII pointed, VIII bluntly pointed. Tergite IX S1 setae blunt, shorter than tube, S2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube; intermediate setae about two-thirds of Sl. Tube (Fig. 429) 0.45 times as long as head, 1.84 times as long as wide; terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube .</p><p>Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1430 (distended). Head length 184, from anterior margin of eyes 169, width across eyes 127, maximum width across cheeks 137, minimum width across base 113; eyes length 61; diameter of posterior ocelli 12–15; postocular setae 30–32. Maxillary bridge width 32. Antenna total length 285, segments III–VIII length (width) as follows: 33 (25), 40 (28), 37 (24), 35 (21), 33 (20), 22 (14). Pronotum length 105, width 168. Setae on prothorax: am 23–24, aa?25, ml?25, pa 30–32, epim 35. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S1 25 –26, S2 28, S3 28. Pelta length 53, width 82. Tergite IX setae: S1 62–63, S2 90. Tube length 83, maximum width 45; terminal setae 115.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Hoa Binh Province,  Mai Chau, on dead leaves and branches, 11.viii.2000, SO  .  Paratype: Vietnam, 1 female, collected together with holotype .</p><p>Doubtful specimens.   Vietnam, 1 male, Bac Can Province,  Ba Be National Park, on dead branches, 2.viii.2000, SO ;   1 male, Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc,  Dam Bri, on bamboo, 26.xii.2001, SO  .</p><p>Comments.   This species may be related to  X. pallens sp. nov. described above also from Vietnam. These two species share the terminal two antennal segments closely joined, antennal segments III and IV with three and four major sense cones respectively, and the sub-basal setae S3 expanded. The unique paratype female was collected together with the holotype but is somewhat dissimilar in coloration. The abdomen of the holotype is slightly paler than the thorax, whereas it is darker and almost as dark as thorax in the paratype. However, these two females are indistinguishable in most structures other than body color, and it is presumed that the holotype female is probably a teneral individual. Two males listed under doubtful specimens are very similar to the type series in structure, and may represent  vietnamicus, but have the yellowish abdomen  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A01879CD026021E5EC8D5F2896FFF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okajima, Shûji;Masumoto, Masami	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the ‘ Xylaplothrips-complex’ (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from East Asia. Zootaxa 5608 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5608.1.1
