taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371382/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371382	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371399	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371405/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371405	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371407/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371407	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371391	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371393/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371393	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371395	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8556E7FFF23EDECDD249F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371391	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371393/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371393	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8596E7AFF23ED47DC019A88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371411/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371411	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371393/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371393	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371395	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371405/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371405	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F85D6E79FF23ED75DDF49E60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371382/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371382	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371391	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371393/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371393	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371395	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371399	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371405/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371405	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8406E65FF23EE53DBFB99D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371407/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371407	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371399	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371382/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371382	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 3. Krohnia cf. lepidota (ZMMU WS20944), parapodia and segmental glands. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 11, (D) segment 15. Designations: dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus. Arrowheads point at segmental glands. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371391	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371409	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8426E63FF23EE10DA5D98A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E63FF23E9FCD81D9C7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E63FF23E9FCD81D9C7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371399	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E63FF23E9FCD81D9C7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E63FF23E9FCD81D9C7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371405/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371405	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371411/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371411	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8446E60FF23EF0BDC1E9880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371409	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371405/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371405	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	FIGURE 12. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Sagitella kowalewskii, anterior end, (B) posterior end, (C) Sagitella dubia comb. nov., anterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (D) posterior end, ZMMU WS20989 (E) general view of a “thick” worm, ZMMU WS20984, ZMMU WS20985, ZMMU WS20988 (F) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: cr—caruncle, no—nuchal organs, pb— proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus. Black arrowhead indicates the place of attachment of the first cephalic cirrus, Sagitella kowalewskii has the second pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs, Sagitella dubia comb. nov. has the first pair of cirri attached at the level of nuchal organs and the second pair on the neck.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371384/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371384	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our Alciopini material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8476E60FF23E9D5DBFD9FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371407/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371407	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 13. Tomopteris rolasi ZMMU WS20990 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapoia, (D) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ac—anterior (primary) cirrus, ph—pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371409	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371389/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371389	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	FIGURE 5. Vanadis minuta, general view. (A) uncolored lineage, anterior end of female specimen ZMMU WS20962, dorsal view, (B) lineage with faintly colored segmental glands, anterior end of male specimen ZMMU WS20962, ventral view, (C– E) coloration of glands in colored lineage (ZMMU WS20962). Designations: pr—proboscis, lh—lateral horns, fl—flange connecting bases of lateral horns, fan—frontal antennae, man–median antenna, tc—tentacular cirri, cph1—enlarged cirrophore of first tentacular cirrus, rp—reduced parapodium, rs–receptacula seminis. White arrowheads point at uncolored segmental glands, black arrowheads point at colored segmental glands.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371391	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	FIGURE 6. Vanadis minuta male (ZMMU WS32206), parapodia. (A) segment 4, (B) segment 5, (C) segment 7, (D) segment 9, (E) segment 10, (F) segment 15. A–F to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371393/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371393	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 7. Plotohelmis cf. capitata male (ZMMU WS20963), general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: pr—proboscis, mp—marginal papillae of proboscis, fan—frontal antennae, man—median antenna, dc—dorsal tentacular cirri, vc—ventral tentacular cirri/ Black arrowheads point at genital papillae, white arrowheads point at segmental glands A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371395	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371399	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	FIGURE 10. Typhloscolecidae. (A) Typhloscolex sp. ZMMU WS20976, (B) Typhloscolex sp., anterior end, ventral view, (C) Typhloscolex cf. muelleri ZMMU WS20977, (D) Typhloscolex robusus ZMMU WS20978. Designations: mo—mouth, no— nuchal organs, pb—proboscis, pd—palpodium, I—first cephalic cirrus, II—second cirrus, III—third cirrus.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F8496E6EFF23E8B1DAFD9D4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371401/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371401	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 11. Typhloscolecidae from the Red Sea. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371378	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and sampling scheme. Designations: yellow, green and purple circles mark first (12.12.2023), second (18.12.2023) and third (17.04.2024) sampling events, respectively.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371409	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	FIGURE 14. Relationships of Tomopteris planktonis (ZMMU WS20991, WS22577 and WS22578) and Tomopteris rolasi (ZMMU WS20992) from the Red Sea with some other Tomopteridae. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S sequences obtained from our material and from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue boxes.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371411/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371411	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	FIGURE 15. Tomopteris planktonis ZMMU WS20991, ZMMU WS20992 (A) general view, (B) anterior end, (C) 1st –2nd parapodia, (D) 3rd parapodium, (E) 4th parapodium. Designations: br—brain, ce—ciliated epaulette, ch—chromophile gland, go–gonad, hy—hyaline glands, mo—mouth, rs—rosette, st—streamer (secondary cirrus), ph–pharynx, pr—prostomium.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371395	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	FIGURE 8. Plotohelmis cf. capitata ZMMU WS20963, parapodia. (A) segment 5, (B) segment 8, (C) segment 12, (D) segment 20. Designations: small black arrows point at broken acicular chaetae. A–C to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371380/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371380	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	FIGURE 2. Krohnia cf. lepidota ZMMU WS20944, general view. (A) anterior end, dorsal view, (B) anterior end, ventral view. Designations: fan–frontal antennae, man–median antenna, dc–regular dorsal tentacular cirri (pairs D1 and D2), ecs–cirrostyle of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), ecp–cirrophore of enlarged dorsal tentacular cirrus (pair D3), vc–ventral tentacular cirri, dcp–cirrophore of dorsal parapodial cirrus, vpc–ventral parapodial cirrus. Small black arrowheads point at brown dots, big white arrowheads point at segmental glands. A and B to same scale.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371397/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371397	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	FIGURE 9. Relationships of Pelagobia longicirrata from the Red Sea (ZMMU WS20993) with other Pelagobia species (data from GenBank) using the 18S gene marker. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). ID of the specimen collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked with blue box.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
03BB8796F84B6E6BFF23E8B1DC0B9AE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15371413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371413	FIGURE 16. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated alignments including all 18S and 28S sequences (A), and 18S + 28S + COI sequences (B) together with corresponding sequences from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). Numbers in brackets indicate number of individual vouchers in a collapsed branch. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue filling with yellow text.	FIGURE 16. Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated alignments including all 18S and 28S sequences (A), and 18S + 28S + COI sequences (B) together with corresponding sequences from GenBank. Black numbers above branches indicate Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values; blue numbers below show Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI). Numbers in brackets indicate number of individual vouchers in a collapsed branch. IDs of specimens collected in the Red Sea during the present study marked by blue filling with yellow text.	2025-05-06	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.		Zenodo	biologists	KOLBASOVA, G. D.;SYOMIN, V. L.;SEMPERE-VALVERDE, J.;TEIXEIRA, M. A. L.;CARVALHO, S.			
