identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BCF02B0910FF97FD1DF973FDC6F8B0.text	03BCF02B0910FF97FD1DF973FDC6F8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficus schwarzii Koord. (Corner 1960	<div><p>Ficus schwarzii Koord. — Fig 1</p><p>Ficus schwarzii Koord. (1898) 607, 644. — Type: Koorders 19252 (holo BO; iso L), Indonesia, Sulawesi, Gunung Langkoan, near Sondei 900 m, 2 May 1895.</p><p>Emended description:</p><p>Tree up to 15 m tall. Leafy twigs 1.5–3 mm thick, whitish to brownish strigillose (or also sparsely to rather densely (minutely) white puberulous, with or without nodal glands and mostly with con-</p><p>© 2011 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland spicuous (warty) lenticels below the (scars of the) stipules, with small abortive axillary buds, the scars of the leaves prominent; internodes hollow or solid; periderm persistent or flaking off. Leaves laxly spirally arranged to subdistichous to partly subopposite; lamina oblong to elliptic or to (sub)obovate, 3–15(–18) by (1–)2– 5(–7) cm, (almost) symmetric, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apex acuminate to subcaudate (or to obtuse), base equilateral to slightly inequilateral, cuneate to rounded, margin (sub)entire; upper surface sparsely whitish to brownish strigillose, mainly on the midrib (or glabrous), smooth, lower surface sparsely brownish to whitish strigillose on the main veins, smooth, cystoliths only beneath; lateral veins (4–)6–10 pairs, none of them furcate away from the margin, tertiary venation reticulate or towards the margin (sub)scalariform; waxy glands in the axils of some of the lateral veins in the middle part of the lamina; petiole 0.3–1.5(–3.5) cm long, sparsely brownish to whitish strigillose, the epidermis flaking off; stipules 0.5 –1.8 cm long, subglabrous or strigillose mainly on the keel, caducous or (sub)persistent (when juvenile). Figs on (the lower part of) the trunk, in (clusters of) up to 8 cm long, branched leafless branchlets with terminally c. 3 mm long scale-like persistent stipules; peduncle 0.4–1.2 cm long, minutely puberulous; basal bracts 3, verticillate, 2 –3 mm long; receptacle subglobose to depressed-globose, 1–1.5(–1.8) cm diam when dry, minutely puberulous to glabrous, non-stipitate, ribbed, without lateral bracts, with (warty) lenticels and the epidermis flaking off, pinkish to brick-red to red-brown, turning (finally?) black at maturity, apex slightly convex to flat to concave, ostiole 3 – 4 mm diam, with the upper ostiolar bracts horizontal, surrounded by 4– 5 short erect to inflexed apical bracts; internal hairs sparse and brown or absent. Staminate flower with one stamen. Style of the long-styled flower glabrous or minutely hairy, the stigma often distinctly papillate.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia, Southern and Central Sulawesi.</p><p>Habitat — Forest at altitudes up to 1900 m.</p><p>Additional collections from Indonesia, Sulawesi. G. Brown et al. 9 (L), Latimojon Ranges, Lombasang, 950 m ; Culmsee 744 (GOET), 759 (L), 855 (GOET, L), 933 (L) and 984 (L), Lore-Lindu National Park, Pono valley, Toro, 1050 m, July–Sept. 2006 ; Culmsee 3165 (L), Lore-Lindu National Park, Mt Nokilalaki, 1800 m, Aug.2007 ; Kessler et al. PK 3058 (L), Lore-Lindu National Park, 1600 m ; Kofman 2134 (L), G. Rantemario, 1850 m; Meijer 10730 (L) and 10871 (L); NE of Makassar; Prawiroatmodjo et al. 1306 (L), Ladongi, 50 m, 18 Oct. 1978 ; Sands 400 (L) and 401 (L), Ladongi .</p><p>Notes — A photograph of the figs shows that the apex of the receptacle is concave in fresh state and that apparently mature figs are black, an unusual colour in subg. Sycomorus .</p><p>This species is more variable than the closely related F. sulawesiana .</p><p>In juvenile material, the stipules are subpersistent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCF02B0910FF97FD1DF973FDC6F8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Berg, C. C.;Culmsee, H.	Berg, C. C., Culmsee, H. (2011): Ficus schwarzii redefined and two new species of Ficus (Moraceae) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) described. Blumea 56 (3): 265-269, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X617869, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x617869
03BCF02B0912FF96FFD7F883FBECFE24.text	03BCF02B0912FF96FFD7F883FBECFE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficus sulawesiana C. C. Berg & Culmsee 2011	<div><p>Ficus sulawesiana C.C.Berg &amp; Culmsee, sp. nov. — Fig. 2</p><p>Ficu schwarzii similis,laminae margine dentato,supra toto indumento partim (sub)patenti distincta. — Typus: Bünnemeyer 12059 (holo L; iso BO n.v.), Indonesia, Sulawesi, G. Bonthain, 2000 m, 11 June 1921 .</p><p>Tree with height unknown. Leafy twigs 1.5– 3 mm thick, brown to whitish strigillose to partly subhirtellous or also sparsely to rather densely (minutely white puberulous, with or without nodal glands and mostly with conspicuous (warty) lenticels below the (scars of the) stipules, with few abortive axillary buds, the scars of the leaves prominent; internodes hollow or solid; periderm persistent. Leaves laxly spirally arranged to subdistichous to partly subopposite; lamina oblong to (sub)obovate, 5 –17 by 1.5 – 5 cm, (almost) symmetric, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apex acuminate to subcaudate, base equilateral to slightly inequilateral, cuneate to obtuse, margin crenate-dentate (and with brown hairs), upper surface sparsely brown to whitish (sub)strigillose, the hairs scattered on the whole surface, smooth, lower surface sparsely brown to whitish strigillose to subhirtellous on most veins, smooth, cystoliths only beneath; lateral veins 6 –10 pairs, none of them furcate away from the margin, tertiary venation reticulate or towards the margin (sub)scalariform; waxy glands in the axils of some of the lateral veins in the middle part of the lamina; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, sparsely brown to whitish strigillose, partly subhirtellous, the epidermis persistent; stipules 0.5–1.5 cm long, (sub)glabrous, caducous or (sub)persistent. Figs on the trunk, in (clusters? of) up to 4 cm long, branched leafless branchlets with terminally c. 3 mm long scale-like persistent stipules; peduncle 0.5 –3.5 cm long, glabrous; basal bracts 3, verticillate, 2 – 3 mm long; receptacle subglobose, 1–1.5 cm diam when dry, glabrous, 0.2– 0.3 cm long stipitate or non-stipitate, faintly ribbed, without lateral bracts, with (warty) lenticels and the epidermis flaking off, colour at maturity unknown, apex flat to concave, ostiole 2– 3 mm diam, with the upper ostiolar bracts horizontal, surrounded by 4 – 5 short erect to inflexed apical bracts; internal hairs sparse and brown. Staminate flower not seen. Style of the long-styled flower with relatively long patent hairs.</p><p>Distribution — Central and South-western Sulawesi.</p><p>Habitat — Humid (sub)montane forest, at altitudes between 1800 and 2000 m (cf. Culmsee et al. 2011).</p><p>Additional collections. Bünnemeyer 12056 (L), G. Bonthain, 2000 m; Culmsee 2344 (GOET, L), 2635 (L), 2665 (L), 3037 (L) and 3038 (L), Lore-Lindu National Park, Mt Nokilalaki, 1800 m, Aug. 2007 .</p><p>Notes — This species differs from F. schwarzii in the crenate-dentate (and hairy) margin of the lamina, the partly ± patent indumentum on leafy twigs, petiole and surfaces of the lamina, the scattered hairs on the lamina above, the absence of subpersistent stipules, in the (sub)juvenile state, and the relatively long patent hairs of the style of the long-styled flower.</p><p>This species strongly resembles F. ternatana Miq., an endemic of the island of Ternate (Moluccas), which mainly differs in features of the fig receptacle: ribbed, brown strigillose to puberulous and with persistent epidermis.</p><p>In the crenate-dentate margin of the lamina, this species also resembles part of the material of F. benguetensis, namely the cauliflorous form (see Berg 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCF02B0912FF96FFD7F883FBECFE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Berg, C. C.;Culmsee, H.	Berg, C. C., Culmsee, H. (2011): Ficus schwarzii redefined and two new species of Ficus (Moraceae) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) described. Blumea 56 (3): 265-269, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X617869, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x617869
03BCF02B0913FF91FD1DFE08FA91FE42.text	03BCF02B0913FF91FD1DFE08FA91FE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficus gorontaloensis C. C. Berg & Culmsee 2011	<div><p>Ficus gorontaloensis C.C.Berg &amp; Culmsee, sp. nov. — Fig. 3</p><p>Ficus fistuloso similis, ramulis longis ficiferibus, receptaculo maiore nonstipitato epidermide exfolianti differt. — Typus: Mendum et al. 24 (holo BO; iso E), Sulawesi, Distr. Gorontalo, near Pinogu, 275 m, 6 Apr. 2002 .</p><p>Tree up to 25 m tall. Leafy twigs 3– 8 mm thick, (sub)glabrous or very sparsely whitish appressed-puberulous, with nodal waxy glands; internodes hollow or solid; periderm persistent. Leaves spirally arranged or (partly) subopposite; lamina oblong to elliptic, 20–24 by 9 –11, ± asymmetric, (sub)coriaceous, apex acuminate, base rounded to subcordate (or to subcuneate), margin entire or (in particular towards the apex) ± irregularly dentate, subcordate to subcuneate, flat; upper surface very sparsely whitish appressed-puberulous on the midrib to glabrous, smooth, lower surface sparsely whitish appressed-puberulous on the main veins to glabrous, smooth, cystoliths only beneath; lateral veins 8 –9 pairs, most of them branched or furcate away from the margin, the basal pair relatively weakly developed, tertiary venation largely scalariform; waxy glands in the axils of the lateral veins in the middle part of the lamina and in furcations of lateral veins; petiole 1.3 – 5.5 cm long, c. 2 mm thick, appressed-puberulous to glabrous, the epidermis persistent; stipules 1–1.5 cm long, very sparsely appressed-puberulous, caducous. Figs on up to 50 cm long leafless branchlets with prominent scars of (pairs) of figs, without persistent stipules on the older wood down to the trunk; peduncle 1.5– 3 cm long; basal bracts 3, verticillate, 2– 3 mm long; receptacle subglobose, 1.5 – 2 cm diam when dry, non-stipitate, (sub)glabrous, the epidermis flaking off, lateral bracts absent, sometimes obscurely ribbed, colour at maturity unknown, apex ± convex, ostiole 4 – 6 mm diam, prominent, with numerous bracts visible; internal hairs present, short and sparse. Style of long-styled flower sparsely hairy.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia, Northern Sulawesi.</p><p>Habitat — Forest at low altitudes.</p><p>Additional collection. Milikken 879 (E), Sulawesi,Distr. Gorontalo,Dumoga</p><p>Bone National Park, Sungai Olama, 300 m, 10 Aug. 1991.</p><p>It is possible that collection Eyma 1710 (L), Sulawesi,Res. Manado, S Koro, 1000 m, 10 Aug.1937,belongs to this species,in spite of the small size of the lamina (2.5–7.5 cm long) and the c. 1 cm long petiole.The dimensions can be related to the fact that they developed terminally on fig-bearing branchlets .</p><p>Notes — This species resembles somewhat Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, until now represented by two collections from Sulawesi: Coode 6030 (K) from the Luwuk area, and Mendum 216 (E) from Gorontalo, being distinct in the much shorter fig-bearing branchlets, the stipitate fig receptacle, the exfoliating epidermis of the petiole, the smaller ostiole, and the persistent epidermis of the receptacle.</p><p>This species is related to F. schwarzii and F. sulawesiana, but is distinct in the larger leaves, the long fig-bearing branchlets, the wide ostiole, and the presence of nodal glands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCF02B0913FF91FD1DFE08FA91FE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Berg, C. C.;Culmsee, H.	Berg, C. C., Culmsee, H. (2011): Ficus schwarzii redefined and two new species of Ficus (Moraceae) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) described. Blumea 56 (3): 265-269, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X617869, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x617869
