taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AB87D7EB2CFD0FFF7C52CFC5C65432.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One pair of external male pores, associated with one pair of internal copulatory bulbs	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0FFF7C5166C4365500.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Glossoscolex truncatus (Rosa, 1895) Diagnosis. Intraclitellar male pores located in segment XVII, associated with two copulatory bulbs.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0FFF7C5388C2B95789.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Glossoscolex giganteus Leuckart, 1835	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0FFF7C5388C2B95789.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines, one or two male pores associated with a pair of copulatory bulbs. One pair of calciferous glands in segments XI or XII, of composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic, frequently long seminal vesicles, but spermathecae absent.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0DFF7C5058C56755C9.taxon	description	(Figures 2 and 3)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0DFF7C5058C56755C9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRRS 0431, adult individual, native vegetation, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.391473, - 51.082457, 879 m asl, August 18, 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Paratype. COFM BRRS 0425, adult individual, native vegetation, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.466743, - 50.597859, 1003 m asl, 20 August 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Other materials. COFM BRRS 0530, 41 individuals, same information as holotype. COFM BRRS 531, one adult, same information as paratype. COFM BRRS 0415, two adults, same information as paratype. COFM BRRS 0419, two adults, No-Tillage System, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - 28.485754, - 50.609524, 1043 m asl, 20 August 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. COFM BRRS 0421, 12 adults, No-Tillage System, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - 28.485754, - 50.609524, 1043 m asl, 20 August 2023, M. L. C. Bartz colls. COFM BRRS 0422, 37 individuals, No-Tillage System, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - 28.485754, - 50.609524, 1043 m asl, 20 August 2023, M. L. C. Bartz and W. C. Demetrio colls.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0DFF7C5058C56755C9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of the farmer Ulfried Arns and his family, owners of Três Marias Farm, pioneers of no-tillage system in Rio Grande do Sul state. External morphology. Holotype: body length 59 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.30 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 169. Diameter: 5 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 6.3 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 4 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 7.2 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.34 g, number of segments: 159. Diameter: 3 mm in segment X, 4.3 mm in the clitellum at segment XVI and 2.9 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium epilobic. Setae spacing uneven: aa and dd markedly larger than ab and cd, with bc intermediate. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 3.0: 1.1: 2.3: 1.0: 2.8 mm, measured on segment XXX. This pattern departs from the typical widely paired arrangement, so we describe it as nearly widely paired. Setae ab visible from V onwards, and cd on VIII. Clitellum in XIV to XXIII, saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of male pores, on B line setae, on a conical protuberance in XVII, 3.7 mm apart. Female pores not seen. Nephropores near B line. Internal morphology. Septa strong, thickened on 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11, strongly attached to the body wall, due thickness. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) of 1.3 x 1.7 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII, composite-tubular type, with dorsal blood vessels. Intestine begins in XV with typhlosole also beginning in XV, lamellar form. Five pair of hearts, the last pair in XI, and dorsal blood vessels visible in segments VIII – X, above the calciferous glands. Nephridia tubular, elongated, slightly curved distally (J-shaped), without evident vesiculation, astomate starting before clitellum, in segments IX, X, close to the body wall and intestine, one pair per segment, aligned with C line. Unpaired testis sac, large, in XI, close to the calciferous gland. Seminal vesicles in XII, starting ventrally, below calciferous gland, and ending dorsally above the intestine on segment LX, lobular shaped stretching in two lines. Ovarian funnels and ovaries free in segment 13. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory pouches (bulbs, chambers) with oval shape covering 1 / 3 XVI – 1 / 3 XX, 3 mm long in the holotype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2CFD0DFF7C5058C56755C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Currently the truncatus group has 34 described species (Feijoo and Brown 2023, Dudas et al. 2025 a, b), including the new species described here. Regarding the clitellum, Glossoscolex arnsi sp. nov. shares the extension and position (XIV – XIII) with G. bondari Michaelsen, 1926, G. minor Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1999, and G. tocape Righi, 1980, although the first two have annular clitella, which differs from G. arnsi sp. nov. The primary distinctions between G. tocape and G. arnsi sp. nov. are the presence of ventrally fused testes sacs in XI in G. tocape, compared to the unpaired testis sac in the new species, and the presence of tubercula pubertatis (absent in the clitellum of G. arnsi sp. nov.) associated with the internal copulatory bulbs in segments XVI – XVIII in G. tocape (shorter than in G. arnsi sp. nov.). In G. arnsi sp. nov., the male pores are remarkably prominent for the body size, remaining conspicuous and easily observable from all perspectives, regardless of the worm’s orientation. A unique characteristic observed in G. arnsi sp. nov. is the position of the copulatory bulb, located from 1 / 3 XVI to 1 / 3 of XX, a feature not observed in other Glossoscolex species in the truncatus group (see table 2).	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2EFD03FF7C5710C48A5789.taxon	description	(Figures 4 and 5)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2EFD03FF7C5710C48A5789.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRSC 0296, adult specimen, annual crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Faxinal dos Guedes, Santa Catarina, Brazil, - 26.785627, - 52.229168, 883 m asl, August 10, 2023, G. G. Brown, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. Paratype. COFM BRSC 0337, one adult, same information as the holotype. Other materials. COFM BRSC 0338, one adult, same information as the holotype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2EFD03FF7C5710C48A5789.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of the farmer Carlos Roberto Alessio and sons (Rodrigo and Diego), owners of the Banhado Verde Farm and pioneers of no-tillage system in Santa Catarina state. External morphology. Holotype: body length 27 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.04 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 129. Diameter: 2.2 mm in the pre-clitellar region (segment X), 2.7 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 1.8 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 42 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.1 g. Number of segments: 143. Diameter: 2.6 mm in segment X, 3.3 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI), and 2.4 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium epilobic. Setae closely paired, visible throughout, setae cd visible from IV onwards and ab visible from VII. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 3: 1.1: 1: 1.9: 3 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV – XXIV saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of male pores on B line setae, on XVI, XVII, 3.6 mm apart. Female pores not seen. Nephropores near B line. Internal morphology. Septa strong, thickened on 7 / 8 / 9 / 10, strongly attached to the body wall, due to thickness. Gizzard in VI. One pair of calciferous glands in XII, of composite-tubular type, with dorsal blood vessels. Intestine begins in segment XV, and the typhlosole starts in segment XX as cupped folds of the lamellar type. Five pair of hearts, being the last in XI, and dorsal blood vessel visible in segments VIII – X and above the calciferous glands. Holonephridial starting in IX – X and extending throughout the body; exonephric, stomate, positioned close to the body wall and intestine. Organs tubular, non-vesiculated, slender, and free in the coelom. Paired testes sacs large in XI, beginning just anterior and ventral to the calciferous gland. Seminal vesicles long, starting in XII and going until LXX. They start coiled (spiral) and become two lines above the intestine. Ovaries not seen. Spermathecae absent. One pair of bean-shaped copulatory bulbs in XVII- 2 / 3 XX, 5 mm long, in the holotype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB2EFD03FF7C5710C48A5789.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The saddle-shaped clitellum in XV – XXIV of G. alessioi sp. nov. resembles that of G. bonariensis Cordero, 1942, G. catharinensis Michaelsen, 1918, G. cardosoi Feijoo & Brown, 2023, and G. dallavecchiai sp. nov. However, two distinct features differentiate G. alessioi sp. nov. from these species: the form and extension of the seminal vesicles (XII – LXX, spiral) and the copulatory bulbs (XVII- 2 / 3 XX, bean-shaped). In G. bonariensis, the seminal vesicles extend from XI to LII and are straight, with the copulatory bulbs oval in XVI – XIX. In G. catharinensis, the vesicles are tubular, extending from XVII to CCXXX, and the bulbs may be reniform in XVI – XVII or oval in XVII – XIX. In G. cardosoi, the seminal vesicles are restricted to XII and the bulb occurs in XVIII.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB20FD02FF7C52C5C5045143.taxon	description	(Figures 6 and 7)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB20FD02FF7C52C5C5045143.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRPR 2167, adult, native vegetation, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Mangueirinha, Paraná, Brazil, - 26.050652 - 52.235993, 966 m asl, August 08, 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Paratype. one COFM BRPR 2168, juvenile, same information as the holotype. Other materials. COFM BRPR 2359, one juvenile, same information as the holotype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB20FD02FF7C52C5C5045143.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of the farmer Laércio Dalla Vecchia and his family, owners of the São Judas Tadeu Farm, and for his dedication to disseminating good soil management practices and the no-tillage system. External morphology. Holotype: body length 73 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.19 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 233. Diameter: 3.7 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 4.3 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 2.9 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 42 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.14 g, number of segments: 198. Diameter: 2.9 mm in segment X, 3.4 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI), and 2.5 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium open epilobic. Setae widely paired, visible throughout, setae ab visible from IV onwards. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 2.1: 1.1: 1: 1.8: 2.1 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV – XXIII saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of male pores, on A line setae, in XVII. Female pores not seen. Nephropores near B line. Internal morphology. Septa weak in 7 / 8 / 9, and veil shaped in 10 / 11 / 12 / 13. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) 1.9 mm x 2.1 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII, with dorsal blood vessels, of tubular composite type. Intestine begins in XV, and together the typhlosole, with lamellar form. Five pairs of hearts, the last pair in XI, and dorsal blood vessel visible in segments VIII – X, and above the calciferous glands. Holonephridial, one pair per segment, starting post-clitellar in XVI and extending posteriorly; exonephric, stomate, positioned close to the body wall and intestine, non-vesiculated, slender, and free in the coelom. Paired testes sacs large in XI, with very visible funnels going out of the sac towards seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles elongated, in the shape of two parallel strips, in XII – LXXIII. Ovaries and funnels not seen. Spermathecae absent. One pair of bean-shaped copulatory bulbs in 2 / 3 XV- 1 / 3 XIX.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB20FD02FF7C52C5C5045143.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex dallavecchiai sp. nov. is similar to G. alessioi sp. nov. and, consequently, to the other species cited in the previous remarks section. However, it differs in the form and extension of the seminal vesicles and copulatory bulbs. In G. dallavecchiai sp. nov., the vesicles form two parallel strips, and the bulbs are more elongated, occupying 2 / 3 XV- 1 / 3 XIX. DNA analyses also support their separation as distinct species. The elongated copulatory bulbs are a distinctive feature within the truncatus group, extending through 2 / 3 XV to 1 / 3 XIX. Furthermore, G. dallavecchiai sp. nov. exhibits an uncommon type of anterior septa, weak and more fragile, resembling a veil-like structure that offers minimal resistance during dissection.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB22FD00FF7C5388C3675126.taxon	description	(Figure 8 and 9)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB22FD00FF7C5388C3675126.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRRS 0465, adult, native vegetation, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.763181, - 53.590796, 432 m asl, August 16, 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Paratype. COFM BRRS 0532 one adult, same information as holotype. Other materials. COFM BRRS 0533, three adults, same information as the holotype, COFM BRRS 0534, two juveniles, same information as the holotype. COFM BRRS 0535, one adult, annual crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.763836, - 53.58449, 419 m, August 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB22FD00FF7C5388C3675126.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of the De Bortoli family, owners of the Santa Teresinha Farm, a reference in the practice of the no-tillage system in Rio Grande do Sul state. External morphology. Holotype: body length 59 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.14 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 216. Diameter: 2.5 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 2.9 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 2 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 49 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.11 g, number of segments: 201. Diameter: 1.9 mm in segment X, 2.6 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI), and 1.6 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium open prolobic. Setae closely paired, visible throughout, setae cd visible from V onwards. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 6.9: 1: 3.9: 1: 6.6 at segment XXX. Annular clitellum in XIV – XXIII with no genital marks or tubercula pubertatis. One pair of male pores on B line setae in XVII, in the middle of the ventral region, in the segment. Female pores not seen. Nephropores near ab line. Internal morphology. Septa weak in 7 / 8 / 9, with veil format in 10 / 11 / 12 / 13. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) 2.7 mm x 2.6 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII of composite tubular type. Intestine begins in XV, with typhlosole commencing in the same segment. Last pair of hearts in XI, in a total of five pairs, and dorsal blood vessel visible in segments VIII – X, and above the calciferous glands. Holonephridial, starting post-clitellar in XIX and extending posteriorly; exonephric, stomate, positioned close to the body wall and intestine. Tubular, non-vesiculated, whitish, and free in the coelom. Paired testes sacs in XI with iridescent color, deep below septa and followed by calciferous gland in XII, with the beginning of the gland above the end of the sacs. Seminal vesicles starting in XVIII, extending above the intestine until XLVI, arranged as two thick strips from XIII to XXVII, then becoming intermingled, and after segment XXXV forming a disorganized white mass that continues posteriorly. Ovaries and funnels not seen. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory pouches of butterfly shape in 1 / 3 XVI – 1 / 3 XIX.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB22FD00FF7C5388C3675126.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Regarding the shape and position of the clitellum (annular, XV – XXIII), G. debortolii sp. nov. is similar to G. bondari Michaelen, 1926, G. mariarum Bartz & James, 2012, G. terraopimus Bartz & James, 2012, and G. araucariaensis Feijoo & Brown, 2023. The most distinctive feature of G. debortolii sp. nov. is the copulatory bulbs, which display a well-defined butterfly-like shape. Although G. bondari shares a similar extension (XVI – XIX), its bulbs are reniform. In the other species, the bulbs differ both in shape and extension: fusiform, XV – XIX in G. mariarum; reniform, XV – XVII, in G. terraopimus; cylindrical, XVIII – XXI in G. embrapaensis; and bean-shaped, XVII – XVIII in G. araucariaensis.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB24FD07FF7C5388C5D2530D.taxon	description	(Figures 10 and 11)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB24FD07FF7C5388C5D2530D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRMS 0158, adult, in pasture over 10 years old, with no signs of degradation, with native plants growing, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, - 21.701826, - 55.632806, 610 m asl, April 29, 2024, C. Rusch, F. M. O. Lourenço, F. Paixão, G. C. Francisco, J. Bortoluzzi, K. B. F. Pepe, M. Bartz colls. Paratype. COFM BRMS 0164, one adult, same information as the holotype. Other materials. COFM BRMS 0165, six adults and six juveniles, same information as the holotype. COFM BRMS 0159, 17 adults, in pasture over 10 years old, with no signs of degradation, with native plants growing, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, - 21.701826, - 55.632806, 610 m asl, April 30, 2024, M. C. L. Bartz coll.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB24FD07FF7C5388C5D2530D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of the owner of the Retiro da Serra Farm, Richard Fuchs. External morphology. Holotype: body length 54 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.23 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 232 with intersegment. Diameter: 2.2 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 2.4 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 2 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 46 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.11 g, number of segments: 182. Diameter: 2.2 mm in segment X, 2.7 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 1.9 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium open epilobic. Setae closely paired, setae cd visible from V onwards. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 22.5: 1: 12: 1: 21 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV – XXII saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of female pores on XIV, 2.3 mm apart. One pair of male pores on ab line setae in XVII, in the middle of a shape resembling an eye, 2.1 mm apart. Nephropores near ab line. Internal morphology. Septa membranous in 7 / 8 / 9 / 10. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) 0.8 mm x 0.6 mm. One pair of calciferous glands, tubular-composite, in XII. Intestine begins in XV, with typhlosole commencing in the same segment. Five pairs of hearts, with last pair in XI. Holonephridial, exonephric, stomate, positioned close to the body wall and intestine, tubular, more robust than in related species, non-vesiculated, whitish, and free in the coelom. Paired testes sacs in XI under the beginning of the calciferous glands. Seminal vesicles appear as thin parallels strips, above the intestine, starting in XII until XIX, then becoming zig-zag in format until the end in LIX. Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory bulbs of rounded shape in XV – XVII.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB24FD07FF7C5388C5D2530D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex fuchsi sp. nov. exhibits a similar clitellar position to G. santarosaensis Feijoo & Brown, 2023, although they differ in shape (G. santarosaensis is annular). The female pores in G. fuchsi sp. nov. are distinctly visible in XIV, a characteristic that is challenging to observe in Glossoscolex species.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB25FD06FF7C50D5C45B5250.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Glossoscolex bergi (Rosa, 1900). Diagnosis. Intraclitellate pores located posterior to segment XX, associated with two copulatory bulbs.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB25FD04FF7C57BDC5B85765.taxon	description	(Figures 12 and 13)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB25FD04FF7C57BDC5B85765.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRRS 0471, adult, annaul crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.76386, - 53.583866, 419 m, 16 August 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Paratype. COFM BRRS 0492, one adult, annual crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Panambi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28,348659, - 53,41603, 515 m asl, 12 August 2023, M. L. C. Bartz, W. C. Demetrio colls. Other materials. COFM BRRS 536, two adults and three juveniles, same information as the paratype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB25FD04FF7C57BDC5B85765.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of Daniel Strobel and his family, owners of the Condor Farm, pioneers in the region and references in the practice of the no-tillage system. External morphology. Holotype: body length 143 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 5.99 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 341. Diameter: 7 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 8 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 6 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 102 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 3.75 g, number of segments: 144. Diameter: 5.6 mm in segment X, 6.7 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI), and 5.1 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium open prolobic. Setae closely paired, setae ab visible from IV onwards, but more visible beyond the clitellum. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 3.7: 1: 2: 1.3: 3.7 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV – XXVI saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of female pores in XIII. One pair of male pores on b line setae in XXI / XXII, 6 mm apart. Nephropores near B line. Internal morphology. Septa membranous very strongly attached to the body wall and membranous in 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11, after that becoming weaker and fragile. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) 4 mm x 6 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII, under the seminal vesicles, of tubular composite type. Intestine begins in XV, with typhlosole in the same segment. Five pairs of hearts, last pair in XI. Holonephridial, starting pre-clitellar in XIII and extending posteriorly; exonephric, stomate, positioned close to the body wall and intestine, tubular, non-vesiculated, whitish, and free in the coelom. Paired testes sacs in XI with visible funnels connected to the seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles are two white masses starting in XII and ending in XVI. Ovaries in segment XIII, more visible on the right side. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory bulbs of rounded shape in XX – XXIII.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB25FD04FF7C57BDC5B85765.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glossoscolex strobeli sp. nov. is the only species in this paper that belongs to the bergi group, characterized by worms that exhibit male pores after segment XX. There are only two other species in this group: G. bergi and G. grecoi. Glossoscolex strobeli sp. nov. has a longer clitellum (XV – XXVI) than the other species: XV – XXIV in G. bergi, and XV – XXIII in G. grecoi. The male pores are located in XXI / XXII, similar to G. grecoi but different from G. bergi (XX – XXII). Furthermore, the seminal vesicles in G. strobeli sp. nov. occupy only segments XII – XVI similar to G. bergi (XII – XV, XVI), but shorter than in G. grecoi (XII – XVIII, XIX).	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB27FD04FF7C5545C210514D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Fimoscolex ohausi Michaelsen, 1900.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB27FD04FF7C5545C210514D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Intraclitellar single male pore associated with or without a single copulatory bulb. Calciferous glands in segment XI or XII.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB27FD04FF7C5545C210514D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The diagnosis of the genus has been changed to reflect that copulatory bulbs may not necessarily be present in the genus, as observed in F. fridrichi sp. nov.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB38FD19FF7C5433C08E539D.taxon	description	(Figure 15 and 16)	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB38FD19FF7C5433C08E539D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. COFM BRRS 0503, adult, in annual crops under no-tillage, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by qualitative method, Panambi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.371324, - 53.418971, 494 m asl, August 12, 2023, M. L. C. Bartz coll. Paratype. COFM BRRS 0452, one adult, annual crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Ajuricaba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.144014, - 53.777835, 422 m asl, August 14, 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. Other materials. COFM BRRS 0448, two adults, native vegetation, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Ajuricaba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.167072, - 53.814564, 419 m asl, August 14, 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. COFM BRRS 0455, two adults, annual crops under no-tillage, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Ajuricaba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.149816, - 53.774019, 385 m asl, August 14, 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. COFM BRRS 0456, five adults, same information as holotype. COFM BRRS 0460, two adults, same information as BRRS 0455. COFM BRRS 0483, one adult, same information as holotype. COFM BRRS 0495, one adult same information as holotype. COFM BRRS 0517, one adult, annual crops under no-tillage system, in 0 – 20 cm soil, by TSBF method, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, - 28.76386, - 53.583866, 419 m asl, August 16 2023, G. C. Francisco, M. L. C. Bartz, N. Durães, R. T. Dudas, R. Roani, T. Ferreira, W. C. Demetrio colls. COFM BRRS 0529, two adults, same information as holotype.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB38FD19FF7C5433C08E539D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named in honor of farmer Marcos Fridrich, owner of the Faxinal Sul Farm, a reference in the management of the no-tillage system in his region. External morphology. Holotype: body length 28 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.05 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 104. Diameter: 1.8 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 2.1 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 1.5 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 48 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 0.07 g, number of segments: 197. Diameter: 2.2 mm in segment X, 2.7 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI), and 1.9 mm in segment XXX. Body cylindrical, non-pigmented after fixation. Prostomium open epilobic. Setae closely paired, setae ab and cd barely visible from V onwards. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, 4.5: 1.2: 2.4: 1: 4.6 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV – XXII saddle shaped. Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. Female pore not seen. One male pore in XVI / XVII. Nephropores near B line. Internal morphology. Septa thin and fragile in 7 / 8 / 9. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) 0.8 mm x 0.6 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII of composite tubular internal shape. Intestine begins in XVI, with typhlosole commencing in the same segment. Five pairs of hearts, with last pair in XI. Paired testes sacs in XI under the beginning of the calciferous glands. Seminal vesicles from XII – CXXVII thickened ventrally with iridescent color. Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae absent. Copulatory bulb is absent, although in the segment XVII there’s a lighter region that corresponds to the position of the external male pore.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
03AB87D7EB38FD19FF7C5433C08E539D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The position of the clitellum in Fimoscolex fridrichi sp. nov. is only similar to F. nivae Feijoo & Brown, 2018 — XIV – XXI –, although in F. nivae it is saddle shaped, while in F. fridrichi sp. nov. it is annular. The single male pore occurs in a swelling that occupies most of segment XVII, a distinctive characteristic. However, the most significant difference in F. fridrichi sp. nov. is the absence of the copulatory bulb, a feature encountered in all the specimens collected. While all other described Fimoscolex species possess a single chamber, F. fridrichi sp. nov. does not have any.	en	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Cunha, Luis, Brown, George Gardner (2025): New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Zootaxa 5728 (1): 79-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5728.1.3
