taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	diagnosis	Most similar to Cyrtandra in the indehiscent fruits and two fertile stamens but differing most obviously in the alternate leaf arrangement rather than the opposite or pseudoalternate leaf arrangement of Cyrtandra.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Billolivia longipetiolata D. J. Middleton & Luu	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	description	Caulescent perennial herbs with short decumbent stems which root at the nodes; pubescence mostly of multicellular uniseriate brown hairs. Leaves generally crowded towards stem apex, alternately arranged, petiolate, blade simple, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, margin dentate or crenate, sometimes minutely so, secondary venation pinnate, eucamptodromous. Inflorescences axillary, sessile or shortly petiolate, cymose, flowers crowded. Calyx of 5 free lobes or connate at base into a tube and then 5 - lobed at apex, sometimes in 2 lips, persistent in fruit. Corolla zygomorphic, composed of a narrow tube and spreading limb, limb 2 - lipped, upper lip 2 - lobed, lower lip 3 - lobed. Fertile stamens 2; inserted on inside of corolla tube around or slightly above the middle of tube; filaments narrower at base, usually curved, becoming more strongly curved or coiling post maturity; anthers dorsifixed, thecae parallel, confluent at very apex, dehiscing longitudinally, coherent by apices, touching face to face; 2 lateral and one medial staminodes. Disc an annular or crenate ring, sometimes 5 - lobed. Ovary cylindrical, bicarpellate, unilocular with two parietal placentae, ovules numerous; stigma 2 - lobed. Fruit a fusiform or ellipsoidal indehiscent berry, not fleshy. Seeds tiny, numerous, ellipsoidal.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The genus is named after the late Brian Laurence Burtt (1913 – 2008), known as Bill Burtt, and after Olive Hilliard (1925 –). The two of them made significant contributions to Gesneriaceae taxonomy and left several notes and observations on specimens of the new species described below. These notes included speculations on whether the plants belonged to Cyrtandra or should be described in a new genus. The notes did not include suggestions of new names for the genus or species. The inspiration for naming the genus by combining their given names comes from Bill Burtt himself who, in the same manner, coined the genus name Kaisupeea B. L. Burtt after Kai and Supee Larsen (Burtt 2000).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — The five known species are endemic to the southern Annamite range in southern Vietnam but some of these species, or additional undiscovered species, may also occur in neighbouring Cambodia. The Annamite range is known to be an area of high biodiversity and home to many endemic species of plants (Averyanov et al. 2003).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8F26090587699281A9F6BB.taxon	discussion	Notes: — All species are reported to occur in evergreen forest, often in gullies or along streams on wet soils. The similar species Billolivia minutiflora and B. vietnamensis are lowland species found at 200 – 600 m altitude. Likewise the similar species Billolivia longipetiolata and B. violacea are highland species found at 1400 – 1950 m altitude. The closer relatedness of the two species pairs is reflected in sister positions in the phylogenetic trees. The poorly known fifth species, Billolivia poilanei, would appear to be morphologically more similar in general appearance and calyx characters to the two lowland species but is actually a plant of higher altitude at 1200 m. It is possible that these altitude differences, however, are an artefact of the small number of geographically restricted collections for all five species.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	diagnosis	Distinguished from all other species of Billolivia by the generally longer petioles. It is most similar to Billolivia violacea from which it can be distinguished by the long petioles, the coarsely dentate lamina margin (minutely dentate in B. violacea), the calyx fused into a tube for 7 – 9 mm and the lobes somewhat bilabiate (4 − 6 mm and not noticeably bilabiate in B. violacea), and the pink or red tips to the corolla lobes (violet in B. violacea).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province, Bidoup – Nui Ba National Park, 1400 m alt., 22 February 2012, Luu Hong Truong & Pham Huu Nhan BD 624 – BD 629 [a single gathering in sequential number series] (holotype SGN [BD 628], isotypes SGN [BD 625, BD 626], E [BD 624, BD 627, BD 629]).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	description	Terrestrial herb; stems densely pubescent with brown multicellular uniseriate hairs to 5 mm long. Leaves alternate; petioles 9 − 18 cm long, densely pubescent with hairs to 3.5 mm long; lamina ovate to elliptic, 7.7 − 17 × 4.8 − 7.4 cm, 1.6 − 2.6 times as long as wide, base rounded to cuneate, apex short acuminate to obtuse and apiculate, margin coarsely dentate, secondary venation 6 – 12 pairs of veins on each side of midrib, tertiary venation only weakly visible, adaxial lamina glabrous or with only the very occasional short hair, margin densely ciliate, abaxial lamina with appressed brown hairs to 4 mm long, mostly much shorter, on midrib and venation, sometimes also on lamina between veins. Inflorescences axillary, 4 – 12 - flowered; peduncle 1 – 3 cm long, sparsely pubescent; bracts ovate, to 11 × 5 mm, apex acute, pubescent; pedicels 13 – 25 mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx 9 – 16.5 mm long, composed of a tube and a weakly bilabiate apex, the lower lip with 2 lobes and the upper with 3 lobes, sparsely to densely brown pubescent outside, glabrous inside, all lobes deltoid, apices acute, relative sizes of calyx parts very variable even within an individual; tube 7 – 9 mm long; upper lip 3.5 – 8.5 mm long with lobes 2.3 – 6.4 × 1.2 – 3 mm; lower lip 4.2 – 7.2 mm long with lobes 2.2 – 6 × 1.8 – 2.5 mm. Corolla 24 – 34 mm long, composed of a narrow tube which slightly flares towards oblique mouth and a 2 - lipped limb with lobes recurved, tube and base of lobes white outside and inside, tips of lobes pink or red outside and inside; tube 20 – 28 mm long; upper lip 2 - lobed, 9.5 – 10.5 mm long, sinus between lobes 8.5 – 9 mm, lobes squarish or oblong, 8.5 – 9 × 5.5 – 8.5 mm, apices truncate to rounded; lower lip 3 - lobed, c. 11 mm long, lobes squarish to slightly obovate, apices truncate to rounded, lateral lobes 8 – 12 × 7.5 – 8 mm, medial lobe c. 10 × 7 mm; outside glabrous at base, densely pubescent with multicellular uniseriate hairs distally, sparser on outside of lobes but glabrous on edges covered in bud, inside mostly glabrous but with shortly stalked to subsessile glands at top of tube and bases of upper and lateral lobes, sparse over inside of lower lobe. Stamens inserted at 14 – 21 mm from corolla base; filaments curved to S-shaped, 4.5 – 6 mm long; anthers 2.1 × 1.5 mm; lateral staminodes 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, medial staminode 1 – 1.2 mm long. Disc a complete or almost complete annular and crenate ring but either missing a section dorsally or the disc much lower dorsally, 0.7 – 1.4 mm long. Ovary 4 – 6 mm long, glabrous; style 7 – 22 mm long, sparsely glandular puberulent; stigma lobes 1.2 – 1.8 mm long. Fruit completely enclosed in persistent calyx, fusiform, c. 9 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, glabrous except for few hairs at extreme apex. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.5 × 0.3 mm.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — In reference to the long petioles.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam, Lam Dong Province.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Along streams in submontane tropical evergreen closed forest at 1400 – 1950 m altitude.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	conservation	Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2001, 2012). The known localities of this species cover an area of far less than 100 km 2 which would qualify it for Critically Endangered if there were also associated threats. Within the National Park there are no known threats but what is not yet known is whether this species may also be found in other nearby forests such as Phuoc Binh and Chu Yang Sin and if there are threats associated with those possible populations. Further survey work in the region is necessary before a definitive conservation assessment can be made.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens studied: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong: Bidoup – Nui Ba National Park, 1400 m alt., 21 February 2012, Luu Hong Truong & Pham Huu Nhan BD 612 - BD 613 (SGN); Lac Duong District, Da Chay Municipality, 35 km NE of Dalat City, W slope of Gia Rich mountain ridge, 1800 – 1900 m, 18 March 1997, L. V. Averyanov VH 2857 (E, P); Lac Duong District, Da Chay Municipality, 31 km NE of Dalat City, W slope of Bi Dup [Bidoup] mountain, vicinity of Klong Lanh Village, 1850 – 1950 m, 20 March 1997, L. V. Averyanov VH 2951 (MO, P).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF8E2608058769DB81B3F6AC.taxon	discussion	Of the new species described here this is the one that has been collected most often. It is most easily recognised by the long petioles. There is an overlap in the range of petiole lengths known in this species and Billolivia violacea but in B. longipetiolata there is always at least one petiole on a plant that is longer than any found in B. violacea.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	diagnosis	Most similar to Billolivia vietnamensis but differs in the sparsely pubescent abaxial surface of the leaves, the short hairs on the adaxial leaf surface, the smaller flowers, the pubescence on the inside of the corolla tube to only just below stamens (from the stamens to just above the base in B. vietnamensis) and the glabrous ovary (pubescent distally in B. vietnamensis).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province, Da Hoai District, Deo Chuoi, 216 m alt., 20 June 2008, Tran Huu Dang et al. 55 (holotype E, isotypes P, RUPP, SING, VNM).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	description	Caulescent herb to 70 cm tall; stems with brown hairs to 2.5 mm long, glabrescent with age. Leaves alternate, crowded near stem apex but with internodes up to 1.5 cm long; petioles 1.5 − 6.5 cm long, with sparse long brown multicellular uniseriate hairs to 3 mm long throughout; lamina narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 7.8 − 13 × 3.5 − 5.3 cm, 1.8 − 2.5 times as long as wide, base equal to slightly unequal, cuneate to obtuse, apex short acuminate, margin minutely dentate (but obscured by hairs), secondary venation 8 − 12 veins on each side of midrib with few weaker intersecondaries between, tertiary venation alternate percurrent, adaxial lamina with very few scattered short hairs, margin densely ciliate, abaxial lamina with appressed brown hairs to 1.5 mm long on midrib and venation. Inflorescences axillary, short, ± sessile, 1 − 4 (– 6) flowered; bracts small, linear, c. 5 × 1 mm, densely pubescent; pedicels 5 − 8.5 mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx of 5 lobes almost divided to base; lobes narrowly ovate, 4.7 − 5 × 1 − 1.4 mm, apex caudate, outside densely covered in long eglandular hairs to 2.2 mm long, inside glabrous. Corolla 12 − 15 mm long, composed of a narrow tube and spreading limbs, the lower lip of which is longer than the upper, white with violet veins and with yellow or orange-yellow patch on lower lip; tube 8 − 9 mm long; upper lip 2 - lobed, 1.9 − 2 mm long, sinus between lobes 1.6 mm, lobes elliptic to broadly orbicular, c. 1.6 × 1.5 − 3 mm, apices rounded; lower lip 3 - lobed, 4 − 6 mm long, lobes slightly obovate, apices rounded, lateral lobes 2.5 − 3.5 × 1.9 − 4 mm, median lobe 2.5 − 4 × 2 − 4.2 mm; corolla outside glabrous at base of tube, with long hairs in upper 1 / 3 of tube and on lobes, inside with ring of eglandular hairs around height of stamen insertion which is denser around actual filament insertion, then sparsely short glandular pubescent above this, then densely short glandular pubescent in throat and on inside of upper lip, longer glandular hairs and few eglandular hairs on inside of lower lip, glabrous at apices of lobes and on most of lateral lobes. Stamens inserted at 4.5 − 5.1 mm from corolla base; filaments slightly curved, 1.7 − 1.8 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.4 − 1.5 × 1 − 1.1 mm, glabrous, held face to face, adhering at the apices; lateral staminodes c. 0.5 mm long, medial staminode c. 0.3 mm long. Disc of a ring which is 5 - lobed at apex, lobes sometimes breaking free, 0.7 − 1.8 mm high. Ovary 1.5 − 2.5 mm long, glabrous; style 3 − 5 mm long, glabrous at base, glandular hairs in upper half; stigma 2 - lobed, lobes 0.4 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, 2 – 8 mm long, 5 mm wide, densely pubescent. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 0.3 × 0.2 mm.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — In reference to the small flowers.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam, Lam Dong Province.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Terrestrial or in rocky stream beds in primary lowland tropical evergreen forest at 200 – 600 m altitude.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	conservation	Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Critically Endangered (CR B 1 ab (iii )) (IUCN 2001, 2012). The known Extent of Occurrence for this species is far less than 100 km 2 and at least one of the two known collections was made close to agricultural land in an area where there are now only small forest fragments.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimen studied: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong: Da Hoai District, Bao Loc Pass, Da Me area, 600 m alt., 22 June 2008, Ly Ngoc Sam 498 (E, VNM); km 150 Saigon-Dalat, March 1964, Schmid s. n. (P).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF902614058769DB8118F489.taxon	discussion	The lobes of the lower corolla lip in Ly 498 are narrower than in the type collection but in all other essential characters the two collections match. Although the ovary is quite clearly glabrous, after fertilisation the fruits of both specimens are pubescent. Further collections are necessary to understand the variation in this taxon.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	diagnosis	Most similar to Billolivia minutiflora and B. vietnamensis but differs in the calyx lobes> 4 mm wide (<2 mm wide in B. minutiflora and B. vietnamensis).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Haut Donai [Lam Dong], Djiring [Di Linh], Laouan [Lahouan], 1200 m, 6 June 1933, Poilane 22604 (holo P; iso P).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	description	Small caulescent herb; stems with long brown hairs to 3 mm long. Leaves alternate, crowded near stem apex; petioles 1.3 − 4.2 cm long, densely covered in long brown spreading hairs to 5 mm long; lamina elliptic, 6.3 − 14.5 × 2.8 − 5.2 cm, 2.3 − 3.4 times as long as wide, base cuneate to rounded, apex short acuminate, margin so minutely crenate as to appear entire, secondary venation 8 − 12 veins on each side of midrib with weaker intersecondaries between, tertiary venation alternate percurrent, adaxial lamina with sparse long hairs throughout, margin ciliate, abaxial lamina with both short and long hairs to 3 mm throughout, mostly longer on midrib and venation. Infructescence sessile; fruiting pedicels to 35 mm long, densely long pubescent. Calyx lobes in fruit imbricate, ovate, 7 – 9 × 4.8 – 5.8 mm, apex short acuminate to acute, densely pubescent in midline, more sparsely so towards margins. Fruit ellipsoid, 6 – 9 mm long, 4 – 5 mm wide, puberulent at apex. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.5 × 0.3 mm.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — After Eugène Poilane (1887 – 1964), the collector of the type specimen and prolific collector in Vietnam.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam, Lam Dong Province.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — On steep slope on clay soil in submontane tropical evergreen closed forest at 1200 m altitude.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	conservation	Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2001, 2012). This species has not been collected since 1933 and its current distribution is entirely unknown.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF92261305876C8285B1F32B.taxon	discussion	This species is only known from the fruiting type collection. Although no flowers have been seen we can be confident that it is an undescribed species of Billolivia due to the alternate leaves and indehiscent fruit. It has calyx lobes divided to the base like in Billolivia minutiflora and B. vietnamensis but differs from both of those species in having the calyx lobes broadly ovate and very much wider. Fruiting calyces are known in both Billolivia minutiflora and B. vietnamensis and there is no evidence that the calyx shape in B. poilanei is due to differences in developmental stage.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	diagnosis	Most similar to Billolivia minutiflora but differs in the more densely pubescent abaxial surface of the leaves, the much longer hairs on the adaxial leaf surface, the smaller flowers, the pubescence of the inside of the corolla tube from the stamens to just above the base (only to just below stamens in B. minutiflora) and the pubescence on the apex of the ovary (glabrous in B. minutiflora).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Binh Phuoc, Bu Gia Map National Park, Forest Protection Station no. 8, 400 m alt., 19 December 2011, Luu Hong Truong & Nguyen Quoc Dat BGM 1595 – BGM 1603 [a single gathering in sequential number series] (holotype SGN [BGM 1602]; isotypes SGN [BGM 1595, BGM 1596, BGM 1597, BGM 1598, BGM 1600], E [BGM 1599, BGM 1601, BGM 1603]).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	description	Caulescent herb to 20 cm tall; stems with long brown hairs to 6 mm long. Leaves alternate, crowded near stem apex but with internodes up to 1 cm long; petioles 1.5 − 8 cm long, densely covered in a mixture of long brown spreading hairs to 6 mm long and shorter appressed brown hairs; lamina elliptic, 6.5 − 9.5 × 2.3 − 4 cm, 2.2 − 3.8 times as long as wide, base cuneate, apex short acuminate, margin so minutely dentate as to appear entire, secondary venation 5 − 10 veins on each side of midrib with weaker intersecondaries between, tertiary venation alternate percurrent, adaxial lamina with sparse long hairs throughout, margin ciliate, abaxial lamina with shorter hairs c. 0.5 mm long between the veins and both short and long hairs to 4 mm long on midrib and venation. Inflorescences sessile, c. 4 - flowered; pedicels c. 12 – 15 mm long, densely long pubescent. Calyx of 5 lobes almost divided to base with connate part <1 mm long; lobes narrowly ovate, 6 − 9 × 0.8 − 1.3 mm, apex caudate, outside densely covered in long eglandular hairs to 3.5 mm long, inside glabrous. Corolla 18 − 25 mm long, composed of a narrow tube which slightly curves downwards in lower half and slightly flares towards mouth and a 2 - lipped limb, white with purple lines along tube and onto lobes, ventral surface of throat and tube yellow; tube 11 – 18 mm long; upper lip 2 - lobed, 3 − 4.5 mm long, sinus between lobes 2 − 3 mm, lobes 2 − 3 × 2 − 3 mm; lower lip 3 - lobed, 5.5 − 7 mm long, lobes deltoid to orbicular, apices rounded, lateral lobes 4.2 − 5 × 2.2 − 4 mm, medial lobe 3.8 − 4.5 × 2.4 − 2.8 mm; corolla outside glabrous at base of tube, with short hairs on narrow part of tube above this and with short and long hairs on upper part of tube and outside of lobes, inside densely pubescent below stamens insertion, glabrous in bottom 3 mm, short glandular hairs on inside of lobes. Stamens inserted at c. 7.5 mm from corolla base; filaments c. 4.5 mm long, narrow at base, widening around middle and curved and twisting at this point, pubescent in upper half; anthers 1.6 − 2 × 1 − 1.5 mm; lateral staminodes 2 − 2.5 mm long, medial staminode c. 0.8 mm long. Disc an annular or lobed ring, 0.4 − 0.5 mm high. Ovary 4.5 − 5.5 mm long, few sessile glands over most of ovary but glandular and eglandular pubescent at top; style 6 − 7 mm long, pubescent throughout; stigma lobes 0.6 − 0.7 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, 6.5 − 8.5 mm long, 3 − 4.5 mm circumference, pubescent distally.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — After Vietnam, the country of origin.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam, Binh Phuoc Province.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — On wet soils or rocky cliffs along streams in lowland evergreen closed forest at c. 400 m altitude.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF95261205876B2780D0F00C.taxon	conservation	Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2001, 2012). This species is currently only known from Bu Gia Map National Park and has not been found in surrounding areas in Vietnam even though these have also been surveyed. However, Binh Phuoc Province has suffered considerable deforestation in the last 20 years or so, largely through conversion to agriculture. It is possible that it once had a wider distribution which is not reflected in herbarium specimens due to inadequate collecting in the area. The known distribution in the National Park is not currently under any threat. This species is the most geographically isolated in the genus as it is the only one which is not from Lam Dong province. As the forest complex in which it is found crosses the border into eastern Cambodia it is possible that Billolivia vietnamensis also occurs there. Consequently, as the true distribution and potential threats are not well known it must remain Data Deficient for the present.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	diagnosis	Most similar to Billolivia longipetiolata from which it can be distinguished by the generally shorter petioles 6 − 12.5 cm vs. 9 − 18 cm in B. longipetiolata), the minutely dentate lamina margin (coarsely dentate in B. longipetiolata), the calyx fused into a tube for 4 − 6 mm (7 – 9 mm in B. longipetiolata), and the violet tips to the corolla lobes (pink or red in B. longipetiolata).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong, Duc Trong District, Nui Voi, Xa Hiep An, 1550 m alt., RBGE acc. no. 20010642, 17 September 2001, vouchered as D. J. Middleton 4210 (holotype E).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	description	Rhizomatous short-stemmed compact herb; stems with long brown multicellular uniseriate hairs to 5 mm long. Leaves alternate, internodes very short; petioles 6 − 12.5 cm long, hairs as on stems, to 5.5 mm long; lamina narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 9.2 − 20 × 3.1 − 4.8 cm, 3.4 − 4.2 times as long as wide, base equal to unequal, rounded to cuneate, apex acute to short acuminate, margin minutely dentate, secondary venation 10 − 13 veins on each side of midrib with weaker intersecondaries between, tertiary venation alternate percurrent, adaxial lamina glabrous or with very few hairs on midrib, margin ciliate, abaxial lamina with shorter hairs c. 0.5 mm long between the veins and both short and long hairs to 5 mm long on midrib and venation. Inflorescences axillary, ± sessile, 4 − 12 - flowered; bracts ovate, thin, to 23 × 7 mm, sparsely pubescent with long brown hairs; pedicels 17 − 25 mm long, densely covered in long brown hairs. Calyx 11 mm long, composed of a tube and 5 ± equal lobes, densely long brown pubescent outside, with sessile glands inside; tube 4 − 6 mm long; lobes narrowly triangular, 6 − 10 × 2 − 2.5 mm, reflexed, apex narrowly acute. Corolla c. 36 mm long, composed of a narrow tube which slightly flares towards mouth and a 2 - lipped limb, tube and base of lobes white outside and inside, tips of lobes violet outside and inside, inside base of lower lip yellow; tube c. 22 mm long; upper lip 2 - lobed, c. 11.5 mm long, sinus between lobes c. 8 mm, lobes oblong, c. 8 × 7 mm, apices rounded; lower lip 3 - lobed, c. 14 mm long, lobes slightly obovate, apices rounded, lateral lobes c. 11 × 8 mm, medial lobe c. 10 × 9 mm; corolla with short colourless hairs outside on upper half of tube and base of lobes, glandular puberulent at top of tube and base of lobes inside. Stamens inserted at c. 15 mm from corolla base; filaments strongly coiled, c. 7 mm long, narrow at base, abruptly widening around middle, with sessile glands in upper half; anthers c. 1.3 × 1.3 mm, glabrous, adhering at the apices; lateral staminodes c. 3 mm long, medial staminode c. 1.5 mm long. Disc an annular ring, c. 2.2 mm high. Ovary c. 5.5 mm long, glabrous at base, glandular puberulent in upper part; style c. 12 mm long, glandular puberulent; stigma 2 - lobed, lobes 1.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid (as reported, not seen by authors).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — After the colour of the tips of the corolla lobes.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Only known from the type locality.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Submontane tropical evergreen closed forest at 1550 m alt.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	conservation	Proposed IUCN conservation status: — Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2001, 2012). This species is only known from one collection from the wild and one grown on in cultivation from that collection. Its distribution, and the current state of the forest in the area, are unknown although the suitable forest habitat in the region is very likely to be much less than 5000 km 2 which could qualify it for at least an Endangered category given the deforestation in the region.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimen studied: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong: Duc Trong District, Nui Voi, Xa Hiep An, 1550 m alt., 17 September 2001, Thomas, Luu & Chi 201 (E, VNM).	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
03AFDB2CFF94261105876C3E811BF2DC.taxon	discussion	The type collection is a voucher taken from a plant cultivated at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh which in turn was grown on from a cutting taken from the only wild collected specimen, Thomas et al. 201. The cultivated voucher is chosen as the type as it better shows the essential characters than the wild collected specimen.	en	Middleton, David J., Atkins, Hannah, Truong, Luu Hong, Nishii, Kanae, Möller, Michael (2014): Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species. Phytotaxa 161 (4): 241-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.1
