identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AE1E39FF84FFA1FF739A9BED8FFE23.text	03AE1E39FF84FFA1FF739A9BED8FFE23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophrynopus aridus Galdino & Vilhelmsen & Parizotto 2025	<div><p>Ophrynopus aridus sp. nov.</p><p>lsid:zoobank.org:act: 56D67D45-DA1B-4F36-802A-EFCBAF56C974</p><p>(Figs 1–10)</p><p>Description. Holotype female. Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 4.8 mm. Integument predominantly black; two distal articles of maxillary palp and legs ferrugineous, except for dark brown hind tarsomeres. Fore wing mostly hyaline, with two infuscated areas; proximal one extending from vein C to vein M+Cu and distally to base of pterostigma; distal one from end of pterostigma to just below vein M and distally extending to one-third of radial cell. Pterostigma black; small white spot covered with white pilosity below pterostigma; veins predominantly brown. Hind wing hyaline, slightly infuscated in distal third (Fig. 1 and 3).</p><p>Head. Ocellar corona narrow, distance between median ocellus and lateral coronal teeth approximately equal to 1.5 × as long as width of ocellus. Compound eye abutting lateral ocelli (Fig. 2). Distance between lateral ocelli 1.5 × as long as distance compound eyes. Frons areolate, each pit with single flattened setae; without dorsal transverse and lateral longitudinal frontal carina. Postocular carina extending along complete posterior margin of eye, glabrous area between posterior margin of eye and postocular carina (Fig. 1). Occipital carina situated laterally, ventrally continuous with lateral border of subantennal groove. Vertex and gena areolate, points slightly shallow and sparse posteriorly, with short setae, slightly denser on vertex. Ventral half of gena with whitish pilosity more conspicuous. Antennomere 9 expanded distally and without carina laterally.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum shorter medially than sublaterally, coarsely areolate, each pit with single short and flattened seta as on frons, pits slightly larger than on head. Mesoscutum areolate, with setae smaller than on pronotum, and with distinct longitudinal carina along of its length. Mesoscutellum with sparser punctures than mesoscutum (Fig 3). Mesepisternum with vertical carina well developed anterolaterally, with whitish setae (Fig. 4). Metanotum coarsely areolate, predominantly glabrous, with median longitudinal carina absent. Middle leg with single row of eight pegs; tibial spurs of unequal length; first tarsomere as long as remaining tarsomeres combined. Hind femur swollen, about 2.5 × as long as wide, hind tibiae with two irregular rows of denticles, longitudinal carina laterally; tibial spurs of unequal length, inner about one-third of length of outer.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergum 1 areolate, laterally with distinct postspiracular and subspiracular carina. Terga 2–5 finely areolate-punctate, without inconspicuous pilosity. Tergum 2 almost as long as tergum 3 and tergum 4 combined, with short longitudinal anteromedial carina and rounded smooth areas laterally. Terga 6–8 more irregularly rugose and sparsely punctured. Terga 7–8 with sparse, whitish pilosity (Fig. 5). Terga 9 finely areolate punctate anteriorly, coarsely areolate in ventral half, with distinct longitudinal carinae submedially. Sterna homogeneously areolate-punctate (Fig. 6).</p><p>Male. Body length 3,0–3,4 mm, fore wing length 2mm; Integument predominantly black, even more so than female (Fig. 7–9). Two distalmost antennomeres and maxillary palp ferruginous (Fig. 7); tarsomeres brownish (Fig. 7). Pilosity and sculptures as in female. Sternum 9 with three posteriorly directed spines, one anteromedially and two posterolaterally (Fig. 10).</p><p>Type material.   Holotype female. Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.5079&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.65763" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.5079/lat -9.65763)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a> / -9.65763 -38.5079, Copo/ Azul, 27.vi–07.vii.2024,/ E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa Cols  .   Paratypes. Female: Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.66695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4721/lat -9.66695)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a>,/ L2 500, -9.66695, -38.4721,/ Armadilha Copo Azul, 1.5m,/ 27.vi.-07.vii.2024 / E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols.   Male: Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.66695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4721/lat -9.66695)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a>,/ L1 500, -9.65805, -38.4722,/ Armadilha Copo Azul, 1.5m,/ 27.vi.-07.vii.2024 / E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols.   Male: Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ ESEC <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.66695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4721/lat -9.66695)">Raso da Catarina</a>,/ L2 500, -9.66695, -38.4721,/ Armadilha Copo Azul, 1.5m,/ 27.vi.-07.vii.2024 / E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols  .</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the dry habitat where the wasp was collected.</p><p>Remarks.  Ophrynopus aridus sp. nov. resembles  Ophrynopus carinatus Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002 in the color pattern and punctation of the head and thorax. However,  O. carinatus has the pronotum of approximately equal length in dorsal view, while in  O. aridus sp. nov. the pronotum is medially shorter than sublaterally. In  O. carinatus the sculpture on the upper mesopleura is denser with irregular depressions, while in  O. aridus sp. nov. the depressions are rounded and more separated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE1E39FF84FFA1FF739A9BED8FFE23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Parizotto, Daniele Regina	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira, Vilhelmsen, Lars, Parizotto, Daniele Regina (2025): Brazilian tropical dry forest in the spotlight: two new species of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae). Zootaxa 5636 (2): 316-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5
03AE1E39FF84FFA3FF739CCBEA9BFB8C.text	03AE1E39FF84FFA3FF739CCBEA9BFB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophrynopus Konow 1897	<div><p>Ophrynopus Konow, 1897</p><p>Type species:  Ophrynopus andrei Konow, 1897 =  Ophrynopus fulvostigma (Westwood, 1874)</p><p>Diagnosis. Head with frons densely sculptured. Female antenna usually with antennomere 9 swollen distally, less swollen in some species (e.g.,  O. rufocephalus Vilhelmsen, 2020 and  O. seagi (Vilhelmsen 2016)) . Head with postocular carina present, usually extending to a considerable distance above ventral margin of eyes. Labiomaxillary complex well developed, maxillary palps elongate, with five palpomeres. Mesoscutellum with lateral margin indistinct, posterior margin parallel with anterior margin of metanotum for some distance, mesoscutellum not raised relative to adjacent sclerites. Fore wing vein 2r arising from pterostigma at more than 0.6 of pterostigma length. Hind femur with distinct triangular projection on laterodistal corner. Hind margin of tergum 1 with scattered setae.</p><p>Key to extant  Ophrynopus species, including key to ophrynopine genera (modified from Vilhelmsen 2020)</p><p>1. Fore wing vein 2r arising from pterostigma more than 0.6 of pterostigma length from base of latter (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5B, 7D; width of pterostigma measured from distal end of costal cell to apex of pterostigma, insertion of vein 2r measured from distal end of costal cell to distal margin of 2r). Hind femur with distinct triangular projection on laterodistal corner (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5C, 6A, 7A) or hind margin of tergum 1 with distinct dense transverse fringe of setae. Sternum 9 of male with projections anteromedially and posterolaterally (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 8E).................. 2 (ophrynopine clade)</p><p>- Fore wing vein 2r arising from pterostigma less than or equal to 0.6 of pterostigma length from base of latter (Vilhelmsen 2003, figs 63–71). Hind femur with laterodistal corner rounded and hind margin of tergum 1 at most with scattered setae. Sternum 9 of male without projections..................................................................other  Orussidae</p><p>2. Head with postocular carina distinct but present only ventrally, extending at most slightly above lower margin of eyes (Vilhelmsen 2003, fig. 20). Labiomaxillary complex reduced, maxillary palp very short, with three palpomeres. Hind femur with laterodistal corner rounded. Tergum 1 with distinct dense transverse fringe of setae on hind margin (Vilhelmsen 2003, fig. 80). (Costa Rica, Mexico, southern USA)...............................................  Kulcania Benson, 1935</p><p>- Head with postocular carina usually extending for a considerable distance above lower margin of eyes (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 6A, C; rarely weakly developed Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4A, 5A). Labiomaxillary complex well developed, maxillary palps elongate, with five palpomeres (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4A, 7A). Hind femur with laterodistal corner having distinct, triangular projection (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5C, 6A, 7A). Hind margin of tergum 1 at most with scattered setae (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5C, 6E, 7C).......................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Head with frons having only scattered punctuation, separated by large smooth spaces (Blank et al. 2010, figs 5, 11, 16, 22, 28, 34, 41). Occipital carina absent (Blank et al. 2010, fig. 38). Fore wing Rs hyaline or weakly pigmented distally (Blank et al. 2010, figs 6, 12, 14, 20, 26, 32, 42). (USA: California)................................  Ophrynon Middlekauff, 1983</p><p>- Head with frons densely sculptured (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4B, 6B, 7B). Occipital carina present (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5A, 6C). Fore wing Rs dark (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 5B, 6D, 7D)................................................... 4</p><p>4. Mesoscutellum with distinct lateral margin, posterior margin curved, mesoscutellum raised relative to adjacent sclerites (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 13). Female antenna with antennomere 9 not swollen distally (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 9) and without carina laterally. (Australia, Chile, Fiji, New Zealand)............................  Guiglia Benson, 1938</p><p>- Mesoscutellum with lateral margin indistinct, posterior margin parallel with anterior margin of metanotum for some distance, mesoscutellum not raised relative to adjacent sclerites (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs. 11D, 13A). Female antenna usually with antennomere 9 swollen distally (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 6C) and with carina laterally; if antennomere 9 not swollen (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 4C), then groove between dorsalmost coronal teeth present (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4B, 5A) (Central and South  America, Far East including Japan, New Guinea)....................................5 ( Ophrynopus Konow, 1897a)</p><p>5. Head with posterior coronal teeth separated by narrow longitudinal furrow (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4B, 5A; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 4B, 5B, 6B, C, 7B, C; Vilhelmsen 2016, figs 4A, 5A). Fore wing vein cu-a inserts on Cu1 distally of vein M, in middle of discal cell 1M (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 5B; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 5 E, 6 E, 8B; Vilhelmsen 2016, fig. 4A); female antennomere 10 at least 3x as long as broad (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 4C; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 5D; Vilhelmsen 2016, fig. 4C).................................................................................................6</p><p>- Posterior coronal teeth not separated by narrow longitudinal furrow medially (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 6B, C, 7B, C). Fore wing vein cu-a usually inserts on Cu1 opposite or at most slightly distal to vein M (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 7D; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 10D, 13D). Female antennomere 10 less than 3x as long as broad (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 6B, C; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 10C, 12 E).........................................................................................9</p><p>6. Postocular carina present, with dense pilosity between posterior margin of eye and carina (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 4A, 5C, 6A, C, 7A, C, 8A). Female antennomere 9 swollen distally (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 5D). Transverse pronotal carina present (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 7D) or absent (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 4C, 5C, 6A), if present without median incurvation (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 7C). Hind tibia with only one short apical spur (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 6D, 7 E)..........7</p><p>- Postocular carina absent, only scattered hairs present posterior to eye (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4A, 5A; Vilhelmsen 2016, figs 4C, 5A, 6A). Female antennomere 9 not swollen distally (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 4C; Vilhelmsen 2016, fig. 4C). Transverse pronotal carina present, distinct and with distinct incurvation medially (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 5A; Vilhelmsen 2016, figs 5A, 6A). Hind tibia with two apical spurs.......................................................................8</p><p>7. Lower frons with broad, distally rounded, leaf-shaped setae (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 4D). Pronotum without distinct transverse carina dorsally (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 4C, 5C, 6A). Female predominantly dark brown to black (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 4A, 5A, 6A) (Brazil, French Guiana, Panama)............... ..  Ophrynopus amazonicus (Westwood, 1874)</p><p>- Lower frons with elongate, distally truncated setae (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 4 E). Pronotum with distinct transverse carina dorsally (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 7D). Female extensively reddish brown on legs and abdomen (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 7A, D, E, 8C) (French Guiana)..........................................  Ophrynopus eldorado (Vilhelmsen, 2013)</p><p>8. Body predominantly dark brown to black (Vilhelmsen 2016, figs 4A. 6A). Dorsal ocellar coronal teeth low, in regular transverse rows (Vilhelmsen 2016, figs 4B, 5A, 6B). Fore femur without ventral frontal carina. Lateral smooth areas on abdominal tergum 2 distinct (Vilhelmsen 2016, fig. 5B) (French Guiana).........................  Ophrynopus seagi (Vilhelmsen, 2016)</p><p>- Head, prothorax and proximal parts of mid and hind legs reddish brown (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 4A). Dorsal ocellar coronal teeth distinct, staggered (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 4B, 5A). Distinct longitudinal carina present ventrally on fore femur. Lateral smooth areas on abdominal tergum 2 hardly discernible (Ecuador)...........  Ophrynopus rufocephalus Vilhelmsen, 2020</p><p>9. Head with only scattered setae posterior to eyes (Vilhelmsen 2020, Figs 6A, 7A, C; Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 11B)..... 10</p><p>- Head with dense pilosity posterior to eyes (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 12C)......................................15</p><p>10. Mesepisternal carina entirely absent..................................................................... 11</p><p>- Vertical mesepisternal carina developed to various degrees (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 9 E, 11C)..................... 12</p><p>11. Head with postocular carina developed only ventral to eyes. Scape, all femora and fore and midtibiae reddish brown. Fore wing pterostigma in female black throughout (male unknown) (Mexico).....  Ophrynopus enigmus (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002)</p><p>- Head with well developed postocular carina extending for a considerable distance posterior to eye (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 7A). Scape and all femora and tibiae dark brown (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 7A). Forewing pterostigma in female white basally (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 26), in male mostly black (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 7D) (Costa Rica).................................................................................  Ophrynopus gauldi (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002)</p><p>12. Mesepisternal carina prominent, present along dorsal half of anterior edge of mesepisternum (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9 E). Pronotum dorsally almost without setae (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9A, D)..................................... 13</p><p>- Mesepisternal carina inconspicuous, absent along dorsal half of anterior edge of mesepisternum (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 1C). Pronotum dorsally with scattered white setae (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, figs 10A, 11D) (Bolivia)...........................................................................  Ophrynopus guarani Blank, Smith &amp; Vilhelmsen, 2013</p><p>13. Antennomeres 6–7 mostly creamy white, contrasting with the rest of the antennomeres being dark brown (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 6A–C). Sculpture on frons and thorax less coarsely areolate (Vilhelmsen 2020, Fig. 6B, C) (French Guiana)...............................................................................  Ophrynopus savinai Vilhelmsen 2020</p><p>- Antennae brown throughout, no antennomeres significantly differently colored (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9A). Sculpture on frons and thorax coarsely areolate (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9B, D, E) (Brazil)................................. 14</p><p>14. Pronotum of approximately equal length in dorsal view (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9D). Sculpture on lateral of mesepisternum with irregular coarsely areolate pits (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 9 E). Median metanotal carina present..............................................................................  Ophrynopus carinatus Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002</p><p>- Pronotum in dorsal view longer sublaterally than medially (Fig. 3). Sculpture on the lateral of mesepisternum with shallower rounded pits and, with some spaces between pits. Median metanotal carina absent (Fig. 3).....  Ophrynopus aridus sp. nov.</p><p>15. Head anteriorly dull black, without metallic sheen (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 11A). Median longitudinal carina dorsally on pronotum present (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 18)....................................................... 16</p><p>- Head anteriorly dark green with metallic luster (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 12B). Median longitudinal carina dorsally on pronotum absent..................................................................................... 19</p><p>16. Head with lateral longitudinal carina weakly developed or absent. Fore wing with two broad infuscate bands traversing entire length of wing (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)............................  Ophrynopus maculipennis (F. Smith, 1859)</p><p>- Head with lateral longitudinal frontal carina well developed (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 66). Fore wing either with infuscate area proximal to pterostigma reduced (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 30), not traversing wing, or proximal infuscate area entirely absent....................................................................................... 17</p><p>17. Head with considerable area devoid of sculpture dorsal to median ocellus (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 6). Hind tibia with lateral carina (e.g., Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 22; usually less developed in male). Fore wing infuscate area proximal to pterostigma usually developed anteriorly, at least in female (Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam)....................................................................................  Ophrynopus kohli (Konow, 1897b)</p><p>- Head without distinct smooth area dorsal to median ocellus (e.g., Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002, fig. 5). Hind tibia without lateral carina. Fore wing with only one infuscate area, situated distal to pterostigma..................................... 18</p><p>18. Fore wing pterostigma predominantly white (Japan)..................  Ophrynopus tosensis (Tosawa &amp; Sugihara, 1934)</p><p>- Fore wing pterostigma entirely black (e.g., Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith 2002 fig. 30) (Japan)..  Ophrynopus apicalis (Togashi, 2000)</p><p>19. Mesoscutum with distinct posterior pilosity (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 13A). Hind coxa with dense lateral pilosity (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 10B). Female abdomen with lateral setose patches on terga 3–7 (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 12A), becoming progressively broader posteriorly.........................................................................20</p><p>- Mesoscutum with only scattered setae. Hind coxa with at most scattered setae. Female abdomen without lateral setose patches on terga............................................................................................ 24</p><p>20. Head in lateral view with depression below ventral coronal tooth (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 12C). Hind femur dark brown to black. Fore wing apex infuscate, with hyaline spot subapically (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 13D) (Brazil)..................................................................  Ophrynopus rupestris Vilhelmsen, Costa &amp; Alvarenga, 2013</p><p>- Head in lateral view without depression. Hind femur red or reddish brown. Fore wing apex hyaline, infuscate areas more proximal (Vilhelmsen et al. 2013, fig. 10D)............................................................... 21</p><p>21. Median longitudinal carina on mesoscutum distinct (Fig. 9); mesepisternal carina absent (Fig. 14); ventral denticles on hind femur absent.............................................................  Ophrynopus caatinguensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Median longitudinal carina on mesoscutum less developed; mesepisternal carina present; ventral denticles on hind femur present..............................................................................................22</p><p>22. Fore wing pterostigma predominantly black, at most with small white area basally (Brazil, French Guiana)................................................................................  Ophrynopus batesianus (Westwood, 1874)</p><p>- Fore wing pterostigma predominantly white............................................................... 23</p><p>23. Antenna with some basal antennomeres light brown or reddish brown. Fore and mid tibiae reddish brown, hind tibia dark brown (Costa Rica, Trinidad)..........................................  Ophrynopus hansoni Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002</p><p>- Antenna black to dark brown. Fore and mid tibiae dark brown or black, hind tibia black (Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana)...................................................................  Ophrynopus fulvostigma (Westwood, 1874)</p><p>24. Postocular carina diverging from lower half of eye, space between eye and carina broadest toward ventral half of eye. Mesopleuron with scattered punctures, separated by large shiny interspaces (Argentina)................................................................................................  Ophrynopus wagneri (du Buysson, 1910)</p><p>- Postocular carina not diverging from lower half of eye, space between eye and carina broadest at mid-level of eye or toward upper half of eye, or eye and carina parallel. Mesopleuron with dense punctation, punctures separated by narrow ridges without conspicuous interspaces............................................................................... 25</p><p>25. Head with ventral coronal tooth conspicuously larger than remaining teeth, with distinct depression situated immediately below ocellar corona (Smith 1988, fig. 114). Postocular carina parallel to hind margin of eye or space between eye and carina widest at mid-level of eye. Hind femur in female usually predominantly reddish brown (Argentina, Brazil)...........................................................................................  Ophrynopus depressatus Smith, 1988</p><p>- Head with ventral coronal tooth about equal in size to remaining teeth, without depression below ocellar corona (Smith 1988, fig. 115). Postocular carina diverging from upper half of eye, space between eye and carina widest toward upper half of eye. Hind femur in female always black to dark brown.......................................................... 26</p><p>26. Punctures on mesoscutellum much closer together than puncture diameters, separated by sharp ridges. Tarsi usually dark brown (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, USA: Texas)...............  Ophrynopus nigricans (Cameron, 1883)</p><p>- Punctures of mesoscutellum sparser, mostly as widely separated as puncture diameters, and separated by shiny flat interspaces. Tarsi always reddish brown (Brazil, Paraguay).................................  Ophrynopus plaumanni Smith, 1988</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE1E39FF84FFA3FF739CCBEA9BFB8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Parizotto, Daniele Regina	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira, Vilhelmsen, Lars, Parizotto, Daniele Regina (2025): Brazilian tropical dry forest in the spotlight: two new species of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae). Zootaxa 5636 (2): 316-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5
03AE1E39FF86FFA7FF739871ECD9FB77.text	03AE1E39FF86FFA7FF739871ECD9FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophrynopus caatinguensis Galdino & Vilhelmsen & Parizotto 2025	<div><p>Ophrynopus caatinguensis sp. nov.</p><p>lsid:zoobank.org:act: E086BD19-64EB-45E5-AAB8-1AC5D4AE6679</p><p>(Figs 11–16)</p><p>Description. Holotype female. Body length 9.6 mm; fore wing length 7.3 mm. Integument predominantly black, frons with a dark green metallic hue; maxillary palp, labial palp, and legs ferrugineous, except for the blackish distal region of the hind tibia and tarsomeres. Fore wing with two heavily infuscate areas; proximal one extending from vein C to vein M+Cu and distally to the base of pterostigma; distal one from end of pterostigma to just below vein M, distally extending up to two-thirds of radial cell. Pterostigma black; veins predominantly dark brown to brownish. Hind wing hyaline, slightly infuscated distally; veins ferrugineous (Fig. 11–13).</p><p>Head. Ocellar corona broad, distance between median ocellus and lateral coronal teeth approximately equal to 2 × diameter of ocellus; ventral coronal tooth larger than remaining teeth. Compound eye contiguous with lateral ocelli; vertex narrow, distance between lateral ocelli 1.5 × as long as distance between compound eyes. Frons areolate-rugose, medially with interspaces with small punctures and denser pilosity; median longitudinal sulcus extending from median ocellus to ventral transverse frontal carina. Lateral longitudinal frontal carina sinuous and reaching ventral transverse frontal carina. Postocular carina extending along complete posterior margin of eye, slightly broader medially. Dense silvery pilosity between posterior margin of eye and postocular carina. Occipital carina ventrally continuous with lateral border of subantennal groove (Fig. 12). Vertex and gena finely punctate, punctures gradually smaller and sparser posteriorly, and with dense silvery pilosity up to the upper half of gena. Antennomere 9 expanded distally and with carina laterally.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum shorter medially than sublaterally and covered by dense silvery pilosity. Mesoscutum areolate, pits smaller and shallower than on frons, sublaterally with patches of short silvery pilosity; distinctly raised longitudinal carina on the posterior half. Mesoscutellum with sparser punctures than mesoscutum, distance between punctures at least half width of puncture (Fig. 13). Mesepisternum not carinate, punctures larger and sparser than on mesoscutum, with dense silvery pilosity on upper half (Fig. 14). Metanotum with median longitudinal carina, covered by dense silvery pilosity. Fore leg with femur about 6 × longer than wide and tibia with one sensilla apicolaterally. Middle tibia with single row of nine pegs; tibial spurs of unequal length; first tarsomere length 1.2 × remaining tarsomeres combined. Hind leg with coxa covered by dense silvery pilosity in upper half; tibia with two rows of pegs, outer row with six pegs, longitudinal carina present laterally and ventrally; tibial spurs of unequal length, inner about half length of outer.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergum 1 coarsely punctate with distal margin finely reticulate; laterally with distinct postspiracular and subspiracular carina, with fringe of silvery setae between them. Tergum 2 as long as tergum 3 and tergum 4 combined, with short longitudinal anteromedial carina, rounded smooth areas laterally and with punctures shallower and denser than tergum 1. Terga 3–7 with sparser and shallower punctures than tergum 2. Tergum 8 with dense and imbricate punctation. Terga 2–8 with dense patches of short silvery setae posterolaterally (Fig. 15). Terga 9 coarsely areolate-rugose anteriorly, punctate-imbricate ventrally, and with short longitudinal carina. Sterna homogenously punctate, pilosity slightly more developed in apical half (Fig 16).</p><p>Male: Unknown.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype female. Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4903&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.65769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4903/lat -9.65769)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a> / -9.65769 -38.4903 Copo/Azul, 27.vi–07.vii.2024,/ E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols  .   Paratypes. Female: Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.66674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4904/lat -9.66674)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a> / -9.66674 -38.4995, Copo/ Azul, 26.vi–06.vii.2024,/ E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols.   Female: Brasil, Bahia, Paulo Afonso,/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.4904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.66674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.4904/lat -9.66674)">ESEC Raso da Catarina</a> / -9.66674 -38.4904 Copo/ Azul, 26.vi–06.vii.2024,/ E. Galdino &amp; P. Costa cols  .</p><p>Etymology. The epithet name refers to the Caatinga Biome, the region where the species has been found.</p><p>Remarks.  Ophrynopus caatinguensis sp. nov. resembles  Ophrynopus rupestris in length, green metallic hue of frons, and pilosity on the postocular region. Furthermore,  O. rupestris is also known from dry open areas. However,  Ophrynopus caatinguensis sp. nov. differs from  O. rupestris by not having a posterodorsal depression on the head; presence of a lateral longitudinal frontal carina; pronotum and mesepisternum densely setose; and hind femur with no denticles ventrally.</p><p>Ophrynopus caatinguensis sp. nov. also resembles  Ophrynopus enigmus (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002) and  Ophrynopus gauldi (Vilhelmsen &amp; Smith, 2002), previously allocated to Argenthophrynopus, due to the broad silvery setae on many parts of the body; dorsal frontal transverse carina absent; postocular and occipital carina well developed, without dorsal concavity on latter. However,  O. caatinguensis differs by having a well developed lateral longitudinal frontal carina, reaching ventral transverse frontal carina; dense pilosity between posterior margin of eye and postocular carina; and mesoscutum with a median longitudinal carina.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE1E39FF86FFA7FF739871ECD9FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Parizotto, Daniele Regina	Galdino, Elton John Oliveira, Vilhelmsen, Lars, Parizotto, Daniele Regina (2025): Brazilian tropical dry forest in the spotlight: two new species of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae). Zootaxa 5636 (2): 316-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.5
