identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AE87A56B64FFAEFFE1FB6FFBB5DA10.text	03AE87A56B64FFAEFFE1FB6FFBB5DA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platyceraphron muscidarum Kieffer 1906	<div><p>Platyceraphron muscidarum in Sweden</p><p>One specimen from Sweden was mentioned by Dessart in his revision (Dessart 1971), a reared female from Småland, Ålem, Strömsrum 1958. This specimen was collected by Knud Petersen and stated to be in the collection of his colleague as a dentist and an amateur entomologist both, the microhymenoptera specialist, Arne Sundholm (1907-1972). The Sundholm collection has since then been donated to the MZLU, but the specimen could not be found there .</p><p>Instead another Swedish specimen, from Jämtland, stood as Platyceraphron in MZLU. This was however a misidentified specimen, bearing a very ambiguous determination label from Dessart, saying ” Platyceraphron sp. ”, but the ”det” in ”det. P. Dessart” was crossed out and something more or less illegible, possibly ”borrows”, was handwritten. The Swedish specimen mentioned by Dessart had in fact not been returned to Sundholm and was found in the Dessart collection currently in IRSNB.</p><p>Despite this published record, Platyceraphron was not mentioned for Sweden, or any other Nordic countries, in the Fauna Europaea catalog (Polaszek 2013), nor several unpublished lists circulating, nor – until recently – the official Swedish list at Dyntaxa (Forshage 2009). Nevertheless, the genus had been included in the Swedish key by Landin with the comment ”one or few species in Sweden ” (”någon enstaka svensk art”) (Landin 1971).</p><p>An additional specimen surfaced during these researches as it was returned to NHRS by Peter Neerup Buhl who had identified it. This was part of the Tyresta national park inventory carried out by Bert Viklund, Lars-Ove Wikars and Hans Ahnlund, as it happened, before and after the big forest fire in the park in 1999 (Ahnlund et al. 2006). The specimen was caught in a Malaise trap in a severely burnt area (Sweden, Södermanland, Tyresta NP, S Stensjön, RN 1643210 6564632), during the period 26 May–21 July 2001. Originally a semi-open pine forest ( Pinus sylvestris) with scattered birch, spruce and aspen, this area had been intensely burnt, all trees dead and most fallen, much bedrock exposed .</p><p>No further Swedish specimens could be found in NHRS nor MZLU, nor in the Hedqvist collection in BMNH, and none have been noted so far in the Swedish Malaise Trap Project.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87A56B64FFAEFFE1FB6FFBB5DA10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forshage, Mattias;Hanssen, Oddvar;Staverløkk, Arnstein	Forshage, Mattias, Hanssen, Oddvar, Staverløkk, Arnstein (2016): Platyceraphron Kieffer, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) in the Nordic countries. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 63: 125-129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16006156
03AE87A56B64FFACFD39FA10FB87DA3F.text	03AE87A56B64FFACFD39FA10FB87DA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platyceraphron muscidarum Kieffer 1906	<div><p>Platyceraphron muscidarum in other Nordic countries</p><p>No specimens from Finland or Denmark are known. Curators of the Helsinki and København museum as well as active microhymenoptera collectors confirm this.</p><p>Biology of Platyceraphron</p><p>The old Swedish specimen is reared from oak ( Quercus robur), emerging in february. No host is specified. Since the collector is a coleopterist, the wasp probably emerged from a whole piece of wood brought in for rearing beetles.</p><p>More substantial biological information exists for the type specimens of P. muscidarum and its synonym P. corticis Kieffer, 1906 . They were reared from Diptera puparia in Populus trees in Amiens, France (Kieffer 1906). Since the trees were referred to by their French name “peuplier”, we cannot be certain what tree species it concerns. Aspen ( Populus tremula) is most commonly referred to in French as “tremble”, so it is more likely to be a poplar species, perhaps the black poplar ( Populus nigra) which is common in the area. Kieffer details how collector Léon Carpentier reared the types of P. muscidarum from four different kinds of fly puparia. Most specimens were from puparia identified as Lonchaea tarsata Fallén, 1820, and L. laticornis Meigen, 1826 (both Lonchaeidae), but these identifications should be taken as very tentative since L. tarsata is not known as a saproxylic species and L. laticornis represents a species complex (McGowan, pers. comm.). Other specimens were from puparia of “ Aricia, probablement A. laeta ”, which corresponds to Phaonia laeta (Fallén, 1823) ( Muscidae), and an unidentified fly. Kieffer’s phrase “Muscide non déterminée” does not necessarily imply Muscidae, since he refers to the lonchaeids as “Muscides” too. Dessart (1971) studied the type material, selected lectotypes and synonymised the two species, which were differentiated by size and an inconsequential minor difference in the antenna. Identifications of the host puparia have not been confirmed. If the Phaonia record is correct, Platyceraphron is obviously capable of utilising as host different muscomorph flies in the subcorticeous environment.</p><p>Norwegian specimens as well as the recent Swedish one are all caught in traps, which unfortunately give little details about the biology of the species. The three trapping sites had a dominance of aspen, oak and pine, respectively, but aspen was present in the immediate vicinity of the two latter as well. Dead Populus with their deep subcambial layer is particularly favored by Lonchaea species but also oaks and pines provide suitable habitats, while several other lonchaeid genera are more generalised saprophages not connected with tree species (Smith 1989, MacGowan &amp; Rotheray 2008, MacGowan pers. comm.).</p><p>The scarcity of specimens indicate that it is indeed a rare species. But, with the four presently known localities widely separated over the Scandinavian peninsula, all with rich and very nice forest habitats with natural dynamics and notable biological diversity, but far from unique, we would assume that it can be found in other places in between as well.</p><p>The flatness is odd. In other wasps of the North European fauna, we see something similar in at least four other groups. Many Bethylidae are flat, parasitoids of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera larvae, both in saproxylic environments and human storage and other concealed places. The platygastrid wasps of the genus Platystasius are very flat, associated with Coleoptera eggs in both saproxylic and other concealed locations. While the genus Spalangia, constituting the subfamily Spalangiinae of Pteromalidae, parasitises Brachycera larvae in various concealed locations, not particularly saproxylic, and the scelionid Telenomus danubialis Szelényi, 1939 attacks flattened Lepidoptera eggs in grasses. Elsewhere, at least many Agaonidae and some Mymaridae are as flat. Spontaneously it is possible to make a tentative association between flatness and a subcorticeous lifestyle, which is definitely true in a large number of Coleoptera, but it is more difficult to find analogous cases in Hymenoptera, and indeed the known Hymenoptera parasitoids of subcorticeous and saproxylic Brachycera and Coleoptera are usually not flat.</p><p>Acknowledgments. Christer Hansson gave information about the UZML collections and hosted MF during a visit, Yvonnick Gerard found the Swedish specimen in the IRSNB, Juho Paukkonen, Lars Vilhelmsen, Lars Ove Hansen and David Notton checked the collections of MZH, ZMUC, NHMO and BMNH, respectively. István Mikó helped with background knowledge and access to literature. Veli Vikberg, Martti Koponen, Peter Neerup Buhl and Lars-Ove Wikars responded helpfully to enquiries. Ingvar Stenberg kindly letting us use a photo from Botnahaugen, and Forsvarets logistikkorganisasjon (FLO), Vedlikehold Horten, gave AS access to Mellomøya.An anonymous reviwer provided helpful comments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87A56B64FFACFD39FA10FB87DA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forshage, Mattias;Hanssen, Oddvar;Staverløkk, Arnstein	Forshage, Mattias, Hanssen, Oddvar, Staverløkk, Arnstein (2016): Platyceraphron Kieffer, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) in the Nordic countries. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 63: 125-129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16006156
