taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A187D5FFDFD97D7804498FFC9BFEA2.taxon	description	A series of short echemmes resembling ‘ snaps’ produced while males are flying. A total of 12 ± 3 (8 – 19) echemmes are emitted. The peak frequency is 9.6 ± 0.2 (9.0 – 10.1) kHz, with echemmes lasting 0.139 ± 0.021 (0.108 – 0.209) seconds. Calling song: composed of short echemmes which gradually increase in intensity (dB), lasting 0.06 ± 0.01 (0.003 – 0.143), with a peak frequency of 8.9 ± 1.2 (5.6 – 9.9) kHz. Stress call Composed of longer echemmes with a greater number of notes, lasting approximately 0.187 ± 0.09 seconds, with 47.5 ± 13.8 syllables per echemme. Unlike other species repertoire sounds, this signal presents a broad-range frequency with three peaks of higher intensity, each with a distinct frequency. F 1 presents 5.27 ± 0.24 kHz, F 2 presents 6.52 ± 0.21 kHz, while F 3 presents 8.41 ± 0.35 kHz. Collection site: Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The cicada sings and flies at heights above 2 metres from the ground. Collected and recorded between September and October 2021, between 9 am and 12 am, with temperatures ranging between 19 and 20 ° C (Figures 2 A – C and 5 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFDFD97D7804498FFC9BFEA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks acoustic repertoire previously described by Acosta et al. (2023).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFDED97E78764C69FC97FD56.taxon	description	A series of short echemmes resembling ‘ snaps’, lasting 0.161 ± 0.035 (0.061 – 0.241) seconds, similar to the flying song of C. diardi. Overall, there are 23 ± 3 (16 – 28) syllables emitted, lasting approximately 0.173 ± 0.042 (0.097 – 0.253) seconds. The peak frequency is 7.9 ± 1.4 (5.0 – 10.1) kHz. Calling song Produced when the male lands on a Gravatá (Eryngium horridum Malme, Apiaceae) without a female present. This signal can be divided into two parts. The first part of the signal, referred to as ‘ part A’, consists of a single echemme lasting 0.035 ± 0.003 (0.031 – 0.043) seconds, separated by a brief interval from the next part. The second part of the signal, ‘ part B’, is an echeme with a series of syllables, lasting 0.104 ± 0.084 (0.024 – 0.238) seconds. It has a peak frequency of 9.3 ± 0.8 (7.8 – 10.1) kHz, lasting approximately 0.035 ± 0.003 (0.031 – 0.043) and 0.104 ± 0.084 (0.024 – 0.238) seconds for parts A and B, respectively. Stress call A series of long-duration echemmes, but there is no defined rhythm as this signal depends on the organism’s stress level. It comprises about 119.8 ± 43 (86 – 203) syllables per echemme, lasting 0.666 ± 0.621 (0.22 – 1.7) seconds. The signal presents frequencies distributed in a broad-range frequency of F 1, F 2, and F 3. F 1 is at 6.6 ± 0.35 (6.1 – 7.1) kHz, F 2 at 7.4 ± 0.24 (7.2 – 7.8) kHz, and F 3 at 8.5 ± 0.2 (8.2 – 8.6) kHz. Collection site: Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The cicada sings and flies at heights below 1 metre, performing directional flights to its host plant, the Gravatá. Collected and recorded between September and October 2021, between 9 and 11 am, with a temperature of 20 ° C (Figures 2 D – F and 5 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFDED97E78764C69FC97FD56.taxon	discussion	Remarks Acoustic repertoire previously described by Acosta et al. (2023).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD3D97078B24DDAFDCEFB98.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song A series of short echemmes that repeat continuously, spaced by 0.24 ± 0.02 (0.221 – 0.271) seconds. Each echeme lasts 0.173 ± 0.008 (0.15 – 0.18) seconds. The frequencies are distributed in a broad-range frequency, with F 1 at 6.98 ± 0.16 (6.7 – 7.1), F 2 at 9.32 ± 0.1 (9.2 – 9.5), and F 3 at 9.8 ± 0.12 (9.7 – 10) kHz. Throughout the emission, F 2 exhibits frequency modulation. Stress call Not recorded. Collection site Municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, in Brasiliano district. The cicada was collected and recorded on 3 March 2020, at 5 pm. It was observed in larger shrubs, between 1 and 1.5 metres above the ground, at a temperature of 23 ° C (Figures 10 and 15 I). The calling song has previously been described by Maccagnan (2008). The genus was recently redefined by Ruschel et al. (2023; Figures 3 C and 5 D). Remarks: the calling song has previously been described by Maccagnan (2008), but the species is identified as Dorisiana sp.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD3D97178D54911FC96FF57.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song A long echemme lasting 10.64 seconds, containing 131 syllables. It can be emitted in chorus. Frequency distribution in broad-range frequency, with F 1 at 3.1 ± 0.05 (3.1 – 3.2) and F 2 at 9.65 ± 0.05 (9.6 – 9.7) kHz. During each second, 184.7 ± 8.36 (175 – 196) syllables are emitted. Stress call Not recorded. Collection site Área de ProteÇão Ambiental do Ibirapuitã. Collected on 20 January 2022, at 10 am, between 0.5 and 1 metre above the ground. The temperature was not recorded. Males were recorded on Vachellia caven (Fabaceae) scrubs, but only one female was collected (Figures 3 D 5 E).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD3D97178D54911FC96FF57.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official sound record publication for the species.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD2D97178A24DD6FF04FA15.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song Composed of two distinct sessions. The first consists of short echemmes, 11.8 ± 6.7 (4 – 22) in total, lasting about 0.11 ± 0.03 (0.07 – 0.16) each. Following each short echemme, there is an interval of 1.02 ± 0.8 (0.68 – 2.8) seconds. The second part comprises a long echemme, lasting approximately 6.16 ± 2.69 (4.9 – 12.26) seconds. The second part is emitted continuously by males as a chorus signalling. The signal presents frequencies distributed in broad-range frequencies of F 1, F 2, F 3, and F 4. The F 1 is at 4.5 ± 0.08 (4.4 – 4.6) kHz, F 2 at 6.61 ± 0.61 (5.8 – 7.3) kHz, F 3 at 10 ± 0.89 (9.07 – 11.1) kHz, and F 4 at 12.3 ± 1.52 (11.1 – 14.3) kHz. Strell call A series of long-duration echemmes, but there is no defined rhythm as this signal depends on the organism’s stress level. The signal presents frequencies distributed in a broad-range frequencies of F 1, F 2, F 3 and F 4. F 1 is at 4.04 ± 0.22 (3.8 – 4.2) kHz, F 2 at 10.46 ± 0.2 (10.1 – 10.5) kHz, F 3 at 13.31 ± 0.55 (12.2 – 13.9) kHz and F 4 at 15.45 ± 0.9 (13.7 – 16.6) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã, and EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The cicada was collected and recorded at the forest edge, 1.5 metres above the ground, where it performs its chorus call, with temperatures between 24 and 32 ° C at 3 pm. Collections were made in January 2020 (Figures 3 E-F and 5 F).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD2D97178A24DD6FF04FA15.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record. Considering the morphological similarities between G. viridifemur, G. cuta and G. nigra, we analysed the sonograms presented by Boulard (1999) for the two last mentioned species. It was possible to observe that the duration of the echeme and the broad-range frequency differ between these species.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD1D97378A74912FEB5FD2C.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song Composed of a continuous emission signal with a series of syllables, each consisting of 2 notes. Each note lasts about 0.007 ± 0.001 (0.004 – 0.008), and 125.1 ± 28.3 (75 – 154) phrases are emitted per second. Also, in broad-range frequency, with F 1 at 9.52 ± 0.09 (9.4 – 9.6), F 2 at 10.57 ± 0.12 (10.4 – 10.7), and F 3 at 11.57 ± 0.15 (11.4 – 11.7) kHz. Stress call The species did not emit an audible signal during capture, only the beating of its wings. Collection site: Santa Vitória do Palmar, near the Departamento Nacional de Obras de Saneamento (DNOS). The cicada was collected and recorded at stream edges in this region. It was recorded and collected on 26 December 2021, at 11 am, with temperatures ranging between 23 and 24 ° C, between 0.2 and 0.6 metres above the ground (Figures 3 I and 5 H).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD1D97378A74912FEB5FD2C.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official sound record publication for the species and an official occurrence record for the country. There is a confusion regarding the occurrence of this species in Brazil. Berg described the species with locality Montevideo and collected by Sellow (Berg 1882). The distribution of P. montevidensis is listed as Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil by Sanborn and Heath (2014) and Sanborn (2024) where they use several publications to define the distribution (Torres 1961; Metcalf 1963; Duffels and Van Der Laan 1985; de Santis 2007; Sanborn and Heath 2014; Nunes et al. 2023). However, the only one of these references that mentioned Brazil is Torres (1961). The author wrote about having access to the type specimen and found a label with the data ‘ Brasil, Sello’ (sic). Indeed, this label is present together with the type specimen, as shown by photographs we had access to made available by the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. However, Brazil was not mentioned by Berg in the description of the species. Torres (1961) claimed that this was a mistake and the label was added posteriorly. As no publication includes Brazil as a location of occurrence, we consider the record in this publication the first official one of P. montevidensis in Brazil.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97378AC4FDEFC9BFA65.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song Composed of a long echemme emitted continuously, without distinction between the syllables. In total, 106.6 ± 21.8 (82 – 139) notes are emitted per second. Emitted in broad-range frequency, with F 1 at 9.7 ± 0.14 (9.5 – 9.8), F 2 at 10.7 ± 0.23 (10.6 – 11.1), and F 3 at 11.45 ± 0.12 (11.3 – 11.6). Stress call Not recorded. Collection site Collected near Salto del Penitente, Lavalleja state, Uruguay. Observed on grassland vegetation at approximately 0.4 metres above the ground. Collected on 25 January 2020. The temperature was not recorded (Figures 3 J 5 I).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97378AC4FDEFC9BFA65.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97478674B17FF17FCE0.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song It presents two distinct sections. The first consists of a series of short echemmes, totalling 41.75 ± 16.9 (32 – 67) in all, gradually intensifying (dB) and reducing the interval time from 0.07 ± 0.008 (0.07 – 0.09) to much smaller values towards the end of this part. The second part is a long echemme lasting 8.7 ± 2.3 (6.2 – 11.5) seconds. Quite common in late afternoons and early mornings, this cicada currently exhibits the lowest frequency values documented for Neotropical cicadas. It also produces sounds in broad-range frequency, with F 1 at 1.8 ± 0.23 (1.7 – 2.1), F 2 at 4.34 ± 0.05 (4.3 – 4.4), and F 3 at 6.4 ± 0.05 (6.4 – 6.5). Stress call Not recorded. Collection site Porto Alegre, Partenon district, near the Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUCRS). The cicada was collected and recorded on 14 January 2020, at 7 pm, with a temperature of 27 ° C. The Giant-cicada is a canopy-dwelling organism, produces sounds, and is more active between 6 to 7 am and 6 to 7 pm (Figures 4 A and 5 J).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97478674B17FF17FCE0.taxon	discussion	Remarks The calling sound has been previously described by Sueur (2001, 2002) and Maccagnan (2008).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD5D977788D4895FC9BFC85.taxon	description	Not observed. Calling song It consists of two parts. The first part comprises short echemmes lasting 2.16 ± 0.11 (2 – 2.32) seconds. Although short, this echemme presents a click at the beginning, followed by 89 ± 18 (73 – 116) syllables emitted at a high emission rate, resembling a rattle. The second part is formed by a long echemme. This echemme lasts about 26.8 ± 13.57 (17.2 – 36.4) seconds. The second part is synchronised with the other cicadas. This part of the signal presents 111.25 ± 21.3 (87 – 139) phrases per second, as well as frequencies distributed in broad-range frequency, with F 1 of 5.26 ± 0.25 (5 – 5.5), F 2 of 8.46 ± 0.05 (8.4 – 8.5), F 3 of 11.33 ± 0.05 (11.3 – 11.4), and F 4 of 14.73 ± 0.05 (14.7 – 14.8). Stress call Comprised of an echemme lasting about 0.9 ± 0.56 (0.33 – 1.48), with 106 ± 48.7 (52 – 159) syllables per echeme. Due to recorder settings, only F 1 was captured, with values of 5.16 ± 0.08 (5.09 – 5.27) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. A canopy-dweller, this cicada produces signals between 5 pm and 7 pm. It was collected on 6 January 2020, at a temperature of 23 ° C, approximately 2.5 metres above the ground. It is easily attracted to light (Figures 4 D – E and 5 L).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD5D977788D4895FC9BFC85.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD4D96878DC494EFC9BFA87.taxon	description	Composed of a series of phrases lasting 0.30 ± 0.03 (0.22 – 0.36) seconds, each containing 10.38 ± 1.55 (8 – 13) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.82 ± 0.41 (0.47 – 1.65) seconds. It presents a peak frequency of 11.4 ± 0.8 (10.12 – 12.65) kHz and a bandwidth of 7.47 ± 1.22 (5.7 – 8.81) kHz. Alert song Phrase lasting 0.07 ± 0.0007 (0.07 – 0.071) seconds, composed of 5 ± 0 (5 – 5) syllables. It presents a peak frequency of 9.42 ± 0.59 (9 – 9.84) kHz and a bandwidth of 8.859 ± 1.39 (7.87 – 9.84) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 am and 2 pm in edge habitats and open fields. The males emitted a startle jump preceding the alert sound emission. Males were recorded and collected in February 2023, between 9 and 10 am, at a temperature of 25 ° C (Figures 6 A and 7 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD4D96878DC494EFC9BFA87.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCBD96978A2489FFD2AFA84.taxon	description	Composed of a sequence of echemmes that vary in duration. The first type of echemme lasts 2.13 ± 0.68 (1.125 – 2.639) seconds, with 12.75 ± 2.5 (9 – 14) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.206 ± 0.038 (0.17 – 0.271) seconds. The second type of echemme, shorter in duration, lasts 0.642 ± 0.38 (0.342 – 1.268) seconds, with 12.8 ± 2.94 (10 – 17) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.031 ± 0.007 (0.025 – 0.05) seconds. Throughout the emission, the peak frequency is 10.71 ± 0.34 (10.24 – 10.93) kHz, with a bandwidth of 13.805 ± 1.78 (11.54 – 17.398) kHz. Alert song Not recorded. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 am and 2 pm in open field habitats. Alongside signal emission, males perform a series of jumps during the emission intervals. Males were recorded and collected between January and February of 2020 and 2022, at 8 am, at a temperature of 30 ° C (Figures 6 B – C and 7 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCBD96978A2489FFD2AFA84.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Riede (1987).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCAD96A78C8483BFC95FE02.taxon	description	Short echemmes. Each echemme lasts for 0.177 ± 0.043 (0.13 – 0.215) seconds, with 10.66 ± 2.31 (8 – 12) syllables each. The interval between echemmes is 0.13 ± 0.04 (0.103 – 0.170) seconds, and the interval between syllables is 0.015 ± 0.001 (0.014 – 0.018) seconds. The peak frequency is 11.64 ± 1.74 (9.75 – 13.187) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.17 ± 0.85 (6 – 8.062) kHz. Alert song Not recorded. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. Males were recorded and collected in shrubby areas between February and March of 2021. Males sing above the vegetation, between 0.2 and 0.4 metres from the ground, between 11 am and 1 pm, at a temperature of 19 ° C (Figure 6 D).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCAD96A78C8483BFC95FE02.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling and courtship song described by Clemente et al. (2018).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96A78944F99FCCAFA3E.taxon	description	Composed of a long echemme. This echeme lasts for 1.198 ± 0.100 (1.128 – 1.313) seconds, containing 68 ± 9.84 (60 – 79) syllables. The peak frequency is 14.21 ± 1.3 (13.125 – 16.687) kHz, with a bandwidth of 13.02 ± 0.33 (12.75 – 13.687) kHz. Courtship song Composed of a sequence of echemmes. Each of these echemmes lasts for 0.195 ± 0.017 (0.168 – 0.230) seconds, with 8.833 ± 2.316 (7 – 13) syllables at intervals of 0.168 ± 0.025 (0.136 – 0.213) seconds. The peak frequency is 12.575 ± 1.230 (11.283 – 13.867) kHz, and the bandwidth is 10.421 ± 0.560 (9.733 – 11.8) kHz. Alert song Not recorded. Collection sites: Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande and Porto Alegre. Individuals produce signals in shrubs between 0.1 and 0.5 metres above the ground between 11 am and 3 pm. Males were recorded and collected during March 2021, at 3 pm, at a temperature of 21 ° C (Figures 6 E – F and 7 C).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96A78944F99FCCAFA3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks The calling song was previously described by Riede (1987).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96B788D4B0EFC9BFD17.taxon	description	A series of echemmes. Each echeme lasts for 0.367 ± 0.033 (0.343 – 0.417) seconds, containing 7.25 ± 0.5 (7 – 8) syllables. There is an interval between each echemme of 1.401 ± 0.173 (1.202 – 1.521) seconds. The peak frequency is 11.62 ± 0.243 (11.4 – 11.8) kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.969 ± 0.293 (9.56 – 10.249) kHz. Alert song Not recorded. Collection sites Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande, Porto Alegre and the Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males were recorded and collected in shrubs in open regions between December 2021 and January 2022. The individual was positioned 1.5 metres above the ground at 5 pm, at a temperature of 20 ° C (Figures 6 G and 7 D).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96B788D4B0EFC9BFD17.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC8D96B786C492EFC46F95C.taxon	description	Comprised of a trill. Phrases with two types of syllables. The first type of syllable exhibits greater amplitude, lasting 0.005 ± 0.0007 (0.004 – 0.006) seconds. The second, longerlasting syllable lasts about 0.017 ± 0.0006 (0.0166 – 0.0184) seconds. There is an interval between syllables of 0.004 ± 0.0004 (0.004 – 0.0054) seconds, with 75.8 ± 2.16 (73 – 78) notes emitted per second. The signal displays a peak frequency of 11.03 ± 1.39 (10.1 – 13.8) kHz, with a bandwidth of 12.34 ± 0.07 (12.18 – 12.37) kHz (Figure 8 A). Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint – Hilaire. Males were collected and recorded on 25 November 2019, at 11 am, positioned 0.2 metres above the ground, with a temperature of 18 ° C. The males produce signals in areas close to the ground, within typical open-field vegetation (Figures 8 A and 10 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC8D96B786C492EFC46F95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks The calling song has previously been described by Fianco et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCFD96C78884EDFFE85F9E3.taxon	description	A mixed trill. The echemmes have a duration of 0.64 ± 0.15 (0.474 – 0.747) seconds, with 20.6 ± 3.97 (16 – 23) syllables. The interval between echemmes is 1.15 ± 0.21 (0.884 – 1.418) seconds. The peak frequency is 16.19 ± 0.24 (15.8 – 16.4) kHz, with a bandwidth of 14.01 ± 0.77 (13.31 – 15.18) kHz. Collection site Municipality of Porto Alegre, at Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, and Viamão, at Parque Natural Municipal Saint – Hilaire. Males were collected and recorded on 30 September 2021, at 11 am, 0.2 metres above the ground, with a temperature of 18 ° C. The males produce signals close to the ground, within typical open-field vegetation (Figures 8 B and 10 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCFD96C78884EDFFE85F9E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks The calling song has been previously described by Chamorro-Rengifo et al. (2018) and Fianco et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4D86FBC7FD0B.taxon	description	A mixed trill. Numerous syllables are emitted, lasting 2.85 ± 0.53 (2.4 – 3.64) seconds, with 66.85 ± 14.1 (53 – 87) notes, spaced by 0.67 ± 0.04 (0.62 – 0.75) seconds. It presents a peak frequency of 15.62 ± 1.34 (13.4 – 17.9) kHz, with a bandwidth of 6.43 ± 0.12 (6.28 – 6.63) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. The organism was collected on 5 February 2020. Males sing 1.5 metres above the ground in shrubs within open areas, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 26 ° C (Figures 8 C and 10 C).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4D86FBC7FD0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4FB1FBF2FA9B.taxon	description	A mixed trill. The signal presents two very distinct types of echemmes. The first comprises brief syllables resembling ‘ tics’ lasting 0.12 ± 0.02 (0.106 – 0.183) seconds, spaced by 0.40 ± 0.09 (0.308 – 0.654) seconds. The second syllable lasts 1.36 ± 0.58 (1.03 – 2.04) seconds, with 136.3 ± 33.5 (116 – 175) notes during its emission. The peak frequency of 12.83 ± 0.42 (11.9 – 13.4) kHz and a bandwidth of 11.73 ± 1.18 (10.12 – 12.93) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The organism was recorded and collected on 12 January 2020, at 8 pm. The males singing in shrubs, 1 metre above the ground, with a temperature of 22 ° C (Figures 8 D and 10 D).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4FB1FBF2FA9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96E7B0F4820FBFFFBDC.taxon	description	A chirp emitted without a defined rhythm, consisting of an echemme with 114.8 ± 4.76 (110 – 121) syllables, lasting about 2.31 ± 0.15 (2.15 – 2.47) seconds. Presents a peak frequency of 19.4 ± 0.12 (19.2 – 19.5) kHz, with a bandwidth of 11.92 ± 0.36 (11.43 – 12.37) kHz. Collection site Municipality of Porto Alegre, Partenon district. The male was collected and recorded on 2 February 2022, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 24 ° C. The males singing from bushes, about 2 metres above the ground (Figure 8 E).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96E7B0F4820FBFFFBDC.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCDD96078BC49C2FE71FF71.taxon	description	A chirp with well-defined echemes with 5.7 – 1.6 (2.38 – 10.62) seconds, with 28.89 ± 7.54 (12 – 54) syllables per echeme. The interval between each syllable is 0.09 ± 0.014 (0.068 – 0.136) seconds. The species’ peak frequency is 11.04 ± 1.6 (7.5 – 15.9) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.30 ± 0.80 (6.18 – 8.06) kHz. Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 22 ° C, between 8 pm and 10 pm. The males produce signals in canopy regions, above 4 metres above the ground (Figures 9 A 10 F).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCDD96078BC49C2FE71FF71.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication with the species’ calling song, as well as the first record in the Pampa region.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114C0EFBC7FCD6.taxon	description	A chirp emitted at defined intervals. It features short echemmes with 0.56 ± 0.06 (0.434 – 0.676) seconds, with 99.25 ± 12.16 (76 – 117) syllables, each one spaced by an interval of 0.76 ± 0.18 (0.514 – 1.02) seconds between them. Peak frequency of 14.67 ± 0.26 (14.4 – 15) kHz and a bandwidth of 2.32 ± 0.09 (2.25 – 2.43) kHz. Collection site EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim, on 11 January 2021, at 10 pm, with a temperature of 19 ° C. The collected male and other males were producing signals on the ground, in edge-of-forest locations. Despite the recording being at 10 pm, the males produced signals between 8 pm and 4 am (Figures 9 B and 10 G).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114C0EFBC7FCD6.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114E6BFBC7FA3B.taxon	description	Comprised of an uninterrupted trill. This signal features continuous echemmes, without intervals during emission, totalling 65.25 ± 1.16 (54 – 68) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 17.70 ± 0.21 (17.53 – 18.09) kHz and a bandwidth of 5.67 ± 0.04 (5.62 – 5.71) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, at the EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim and in the Donatos district. The males were recorded and collected on 12 January 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22 ° C. They also producing signals at forest edges, but at heights above 1 metre (Figures 9 C and 10 H).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114E6BFBC7FA3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9617B1148B7FBFFFE37.taxon	description	A chirp with well-defined intervals. The echemes have a duration of 0.54 ± 0.03 (0.493 – 0.589) seconds, encompassing 69.2 ± 3.9 (63 – 75) syllables, spaced at intervals of 0.45 ± 0.04 (0.375 – 0.554) seconds, featuring a peak frequency of 5.83 ± 0.09 (5.7 – 5.91) kHz and a bandwidth of 5.68 ± 0.15 (5.43 – 5.81) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, AviaÇão district. The male was recorded and collected on 29 December 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 19 ° C. The collected individual and other males were producing signals in open field bushy areas, at heights of approximately 0.4 metres from the ground (Figures 9 D and 10 I).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9617B1148B7FBFFFE37.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114CDBFBC7FBAB.taxon	description	An uninterrupted trill. Each echemme lasts for 0.006 ± 0.0008 (0.0056 – 0.007) seconds, separated by short intervals of 0.009 ± 0.001 (0.007 – 0.011) seconds. Altogether, 77.5 ± 3.65 (72 – 83) syllables per second are emitted, with a peak frequency of 13.52 ± 0.18 (13.28 – 13.69) kHz and a bandwidth of 3.63 ± 0.10 (3.56 – 3.75) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The male was recorded and collected on February 29, 2022, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 25 ° C. The collected organism and other males were singing within bushes close to marshy areas, at heights near 1 metre (Figures 9 E and 10 J).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114CDBFBC7FBAB.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114968FBFFF93C.taxon	description	A trill with more prolonged echemmes and higher intensity (dB). Each echemme lasts for 0.53 ± 0.03 (0.495 – 0.575) seconds, containing 83.06 ± 7.36 (69 – 92) syllables. Each of these syllables has an interval of 0.159 ± 0.01 (0.141 – 0.196) seconds, with a peak frequency of 13.25 ± 0.35 (12.7 – 13.61) kHz and a bandwidth of 3.93 ± 0.13 (3.75 – 4.12) kHz. Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The male was recorded and collected on March 17, 2022, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22 ° C. It was found singing alongside other males in bushes up to 1 metre in height, within open field areas (Figure 9 F).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114968FBFFF93C.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC1D9637824486BFCD5F99A.taxon	description	Composed a long echemmes varying between short and long syllables, with brief sessions of reduced intervals. Each echemme lasts for 19.97 ± 5.74 (15.18 – 26.34) seconds, with short and long syllables lasting 0.51 ± 0.59 (0.02 – 2.06) and 14.34 ± 2.86 (11.09 – 16.49) seconds, respectively. Peak frequency is 23.43 ± 0.59 (22.1 – 24.3) kHz, with a bandwidth of 8.62 ± 0.39 (8.06 – 9) kHz. Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 22 ° C, between 7 pm and 10 pm. The males produce signals on the adaxial surface of plants up to 2 metres in height (Figures 11 A and 12 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC1D9637824486BFCD5F99A.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Tavares et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96478404DDCFCE2FD72.taxon	description	Composed a short echemmes emitted at long intervals. The echemmes last 0.57 ± 0.02 (0.564 – 0.613) seconds, each containing 45.4 ± 4.15 (40 – 49) syllables, with echemes interspersed by 9.19 ± 2.31 (5.87 – 11.2) seconds. Peak frequency is 21.31 ± 0.32 (20.9 – 21.72) kHz, with a bandwidth of 9.18 ± 0.13 (9 – 9.37) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The male was recorded and collected on April 21, 2021, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 17 ° C. The males were found singing on tree trunks, approximately 2 metres above ground level (Figures 11 B and 12 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96478404DDCFCE2FD72.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96578D64E20FBC7FE01.taxon	description	Comprising two types of interspersed echemmes, with the second part exhibiting shorter duration, lower amplitude, and a smaller number of syllables. The echemmes last 0.663 ± 0.05 (0.585 – 0.706) seconds with intervals between them lasting 3.64 ± 0.86 (2.97 – 4.78) seconds. Within each echemme, there are two types of syllables. The first type of echemme lasts 0.194 ± 0.02 (0.156 – 0.226) seconds, containing 18.66 ± 3.44 (15 – 24) syllables, with an interval of 3.64 ± 0.86 (2.97 – 4.78) seconds. The second type of echemme lasts 0.135 ± 0.03 (0.76 – 0.165) seconds, with 5.66 ± 2.42 (2 – 8) syllables, and an interval of 0.34 ± 0.04 (0.29 – 0.404) seconds. The peak frequency is 12.42 ± 0.09 (12.30 – 12.55) kHz, with a bandwidth of 5.13 ± 0.43 (4.68 – 5.81) kHz. Collection site: Porto Alegre, near the Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The male was recorded and collected on February 1, 2022, at 4 pm, with a temperature of 25 ° C. The organism was observed producing signals in canopy locations, approximately 3 metres above ground level (Figures 11 C and 12 C).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96578D64E20FBC7FE01.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022). Anaulacomera sp. 1 Calling song: composed of two types of echemmes. The signal has a duration of 2.76 ± 0.21 (2.61 – 2.92) seconds. The first type of echemme lasts 0.64 ± 0.03 (0.624 – 0.667) seconds, with 29.5 ± 2.12 (28 – 31) syllables. The second type of echemme lasts 2.05 ± 0.22 (1.891 – 2.21) seconds, with 81.5 ± 6.36 (77 – 86) notes. The peak frequency is 15.04 ± 0.18 (14.91 – 15.17) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.91 ± 0.55 (7.31 – 8.43) kHz. Collection site EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The males were recorded and collected on February 9, 2021, at 5 pm, with a temperature of 24 ° C. The males were observed producing signals in shrubs close to flooded regions, up to 2 metres high. The signal is produced for most of the day, starting at 10 am and ending at 6 pm (Figures 11 D and 12 D). Remarks We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D9657B024CB9FBFFFC39.taxon	description	Composed of a brief echemmes. Each echemme lasted about 0.05 ± 0.001 (0.052 – 0.053) seconds, with 9.5 ± 0.7 (9 – 10) syllables. The peak frequency is 11.75 ± 0.07 (11.7 – 11.8) kHz, with a bandwidth of 4.3 ± 0.28 (4.1 – 4.5) kHz. Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint – Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected on March 31, 2022, at 11 pm, with a temperature of 19 ° C. The males sing in canopy regions, above 3 metres in height. The signal is produced between 10 pm and 3 am (Figures 11 E and 12 E).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D9657B024CB9FBFFFC39.taxon	discussion	Remarks We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D965785A4EB2FCE2FA68.taxon	description	Composed of short echemmes, each consisting of two syllables. Each echemme lasts approximately 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.135 – 0.175) seconds. The peak frequency is 21.26 ± 0.19 (21 – 21.49) kHz, with a bandwidth of 2.62 ± 0.72 (1.12 – 3.37) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, at EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim and in the Donatos district. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2021, at 10 pm, with temperatures ranging between 17 and 22 ° C. The males were observed producing signals throughout much of the night on the adaxial surface of peach tree leaves, Prunus persica (Rosales: Rosaceae), at heights ranging from 1 to 2 metres (Figures 11 F and 12 F).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D965785A4EB2FCE2FA68.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D96678D44B00FCE2FD1C.taxon	description	Composed of a short echemmes with few phrases. Each echemme lasts for 0.029 ± 0.014 (0.017 – 0.043) seconds, with intervals between them of 0.32 ± 0.0007 (0.32 – 0.321) seconds. The peak frequency is 9.23 ± 1.53 (8.81 – 11.43) kHz, with a bandwidth of 5.53 ± 0.32 (5.25 – 5.81) kHz. Alert song Not recorded. Collection site EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The males sing in canopy locations during late afternoon and part of the night, above 3 metres in height. The males were recorded and collected in January 2021 and 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 23 ° C, at 10 pm (Figure 11 G).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D96678D44B00FCE2FD1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC5D96778B64E7DFCA4FE3F.taxon	description	Comprisinf a mixed-trill with phrases emitted uninterruptedly at long intervals. Each phrase lasts for 0.704 ± 0.049 (0.659 – 0.788) seconds, containing 32.5 ± 2.564 (30 – 38) syllables each. Each phrase is separated by intervals of approximately 3.01 ± 1.502 (1.214 – 6.118) seconds, with a peak frequency of 2.9 ± 0 (2.9 – 2.9) kHz. Collection site EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. Males emit signals starting at 8 pm and continuing into the early hours of the morning. The males were recorded and collected at edge locations in February 2021, with the calling site height ranging between 1.20 and 1.50 metres to the ground, at 10 pm, with a temperature of 24 ° C (Figures 13 A and 16 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC5D96778B64E7DFCA4FE3F.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Zefa et al. (2012, 2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.taxon	description	A mix-trill with phrases emitted uninterruptedly at regular intervals. Each phrase lasts for 0.205 ± 0.018 (0.162 – 0.244) seconds, containing 11 ± 1.322 (8 – 12) syllables each. Each phrase is separated by intervals of about 0.165 ± 0.012 (0.152 – 0.192) seconds and a peak frequency of 2.75 ± 0 (2.75 – 2.75) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males were recorded and collected at edge locations within shrubby vegetation up to 1 metre in height. The males commence their signalling at 8 pm and extend it well into the early hours of the morning. The collected males were obtained on February 20, 2020 and 2023, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22 ° C (Figures 13 B and 16 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Oecanthus sp. 2	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.taxon	description	Calling song A mix-trill with short phrases emitted continuously. Each phrase lasts for 0.11 ± 0.03 (0.079 – 0.126) seconds, containing 11.2 ± 2.28 (9 – 15) syllables. Each phrase is separated by intervals of approximately 0.095 ± 0.031 (0.044 – 0.124) seconds, with a peak frequency of 3.09 ± 0.018 (3.069 – 3.116) kHz. Collection site Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males emit signals between 8 pm and 11 pm. Recordings and collection were carried out in areas with low canopy, reaching up to 2 metres, on April 11 th, 2022, at 8 PM, with a temperature of 19 ° C. Despite the collection in the lower stratum, the species does not typically inhabit low areas but rather prefers significantly higher locations (Figures 13 C and 16 C).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFBD95878A74C19FBD8FB48.taxon	description	A chirp with few repetitions. The signal consists of short phrases lasting 0.2 ± 0.013 (0.187 – 0.219) seconds, with 8.25 ± 0.5 (8 – 9) syllables each. Each phrase has intervals of 0.657 ± 0.194 (0.484 – 0.868) seconds and a peak frequency of 5.29 ± 0 (5.29 – 5.29) kHz. Courtship song A chirp with long intervals between phrases. The signal contains short phrases, lasting 0.132 ± 0.01 (0.119 – 0.143) seconds, separated by intervals of 1.105 ± 0.48 (0.803 – 1.66) seconds. Each phrase consists of 5.75 ± 0.5 (5 – 6) syllables and a peak frequency of 4.86 ± 0.046 (4.82 – 4.9) kHz. Aggressive song Composed of chirps varying in duration according to the intensity of the interaction between males. Each phrase lasts 0.258 ± 0.017 (0.248 – 0.279) seconds, with intervals of 1.803 ± 0.128 (1.712 – 1.894) seconds. Each phrase contains 9 ± 1 (8 – 10) syllables with a peak frequency of 4.944 ± 0.361 (4.68 – 5.34) kHz. Collection site Morro Redondo, at Tunel Maciel. Males were collected from rock crevices at heights above 1 metre. Acoustic signal emissions start at 7 pm and continue throughout most of the night. Males were collected and recorded in January 2019 and 2020, at 5 PM, with a temperature of 23 ° C (Figures 14 A – C and 16 D).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFBD95878A74C19FBD8FB48.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Acosta et al. (2020) and Zefa et al. (2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78744960FD5AF95C.taxon	description	A chirp with repetitions that vary according to the proximity of the female. Each phrase lasts for 0.196 ± 0.138 (0.08 – 0.349) seconds, containing 11 ± 5.291 (7 – 17) syllables. Intervals between phrases are 0.224 ± 0.007 (0.219 – 0.229) seconds long, with a peak frequency of 6.51 ± 0.210 (6.2 – 6.63) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã, and Pelotas, at the Campus Capão do Leão of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Males were found under decomposing wood. Signal production can occur at any time, as the species solely relies on the courtship song, which depends solely on contact with the female. Males were recorded and collected in January 2020, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 23 ° C (Figure 14 G).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78744960FD5AF95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Courtship song described in Zefa et al. (2022).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78074DEDFBAEFC71.taxon	description	A mix-trill with short phrases emitted continuously. Each phrase lasts for 0.201 ± 0.009 (0.188 – 0.216) seconds, containing 19.71 ± 0.755 (19 – 21) syllables. Intervals between phrases are 0.558 ± 0.098 (0.455 – 0.723) seconds long, with a peak frequency of 4.153 ± 0.032 (4.105 – 4.199) kHz. Courtship song A mix-trill with short phrases, with the first syllable having higher intensity (dB). Each phrase lasts for 0.258 ± 0.007 (0.251 – 0.268) seconds, containing 33.33 ± 1.96 (34 – 37) syllables. Intervals between phrases of 0.463 ± 0.051 (0.412 – 0.548) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.081 ± 0.020 (4.04 – 4.09) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 pm and 4 pm in edge habitats, but some can also be found emitting signals within the forest during the day. Males were recorded and collected in bushes up to 0.3 metres or on the ground on January 9 and 10, 2020, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 21 ° C (Figures 14 E – F and 16 E).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78074DEDFBAEFC71.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Lima et al. (2016, 2018) and Zefa et al. (2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF8D95B7B20498FFCE4F95C.taxon	description	A chirp emitted throughout the night. Each phrase has a duration of 0.271 ± 0.004 (0.268 – 0.276) seconds, with 5 ± 0 (5 – 5) syllables. Each syllable consists of 0.054 ± 0.001 (0.053 – 0.057) notes. The peak frequency is 6.54 ± 0.08 (6.5 – 6.7) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals in edge and open field regions, at locations up to 1 metre in height during both day and night. The males were recorded and collected in March 2020, at 8 pm, at a temperature of 21 ° C (Figures 15 A and 16 F).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF8D95B7B20498FFCE4F95C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify the species, but we are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95C7B204EE8FD10FA69.taxon	description	A continuous trill. The signal presents 13.6 ± 1.51 (12 – 16) syllables emitted per second. Each syllable has a duration of 0.03 ± 0.001 (0.035 – 0.037) and intervals of 0.043 ± 0.0004 (0.043 – 0.044) seconds. The peak frequency is 6.26 ± 0.016 (6.25 – 6.29) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males produce signals in available bushes in open areas. The males were recorded and collected in December 2019, in bushes up to 1 metre in height, at 7 pm, at a temperature of 24 ° C (Figure 15 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95C7B204EE8FD10FA69.taxon	discussion	Remarks Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95D7B204B01FD10FD8C.taxon	description	A chirp with a lower frequency at the beginning of the phrase. The phrases have a duration of 1.61 ± 0.10 (1.45 – 1.67) seconds, with 10.77 ± 1.20 (9 – 12) syllables per phrase. Each phrase presents intervals of 1.39 ± 0.17 (1.135 – 1.656) seconds and a peak frequency of 5.65 ± 0.03 (5.6 – 5.7) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals in bushes up to 1 metre in height, available in edge locations, between 8 pm and 2 am. The individuals were recorded in January 2020, at 9 pm, at a temperature of 24 ° C (Figures 15 C and 16 G).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95D7B204B01FD10FD8C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95D7B204F24FD10FB04.taxon	description	A chirp. Each phrase lasts for 0.50 ± 0.21 (0.185 – 0.681) seconds, with 5.75 ± 1.25 (4 – 7) syllables each. The intervals between each syllable are 0.09 ± 0.001 (0.095 – 0.098) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.83 ± 0.05 (4.787 – 4.9) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 10 pm and 1 am on the adaxial surface of available pteridophytes at the edge, with the active calling site up to 0.2 metres above the ground. The males were recorded and collected in August and September 2019, as well as February 2020, at 11 pm, at temperatures of 10 ° C in 2019 and 20 ° C in 2020 (Figure 15 D).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95D7B204F24FD10FB04.taxon	discussion	Remarks Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95E78DE4800FCD1FF71.taxon	description	A trill. Overall, the signal presents 51 ± 0 (51 – 51) syllables per second, with each lasting for 0.014 ± 0.001 (0.013 – 0.016) seconds and intervals between them of 0.004 ± 0.001 (0.002 – 0.005) seconds. The peak frequency is 7.06 ± 0.01 (7.052 – 7.089) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pelotas and Viamão. Males produce signals during both day and night in shrubs at the edge, with calling sites between 1 and 2 metres above the ground. Individuals were recorded and collected between January and March 2021, between 6 pm and 10 pm, at a temperature of 23 ° C (Figures 15 E and 16 H).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95E78DE4800FCD1FF71.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song described by Martins et al. (2012) and Zefa et al. (2013; Zefa et al. 2022 b), and the acoustic repertoire described by Centeno et al. (2021).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E78C74ECBFBBCFA49.taxon	description	An uninterrupted emission trill. The signal consists of phrases lasting for 0.004 ± 0.0001 (0.0041 – 0.0047) seconds, with an interval between phrases of 0.002 ± 0.0001 (0.0023 – 0.0028) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 139.2 ± 1.78 (136 – 140) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.602 ± 0.051 (5.531 – 5.663) kHz. Collection site Pelotas, at Campus Capão do Leão of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Males emit signals between 8 pm and 9 pm in burrows located in open areas. The males were recorded in November 2019, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 21 ° C (Figures 17 A and 18 A).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E78C74ECBFBBCFA49.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Redü and Zefa (2017) and Zefa et al. (2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E788C4DF7FBBFFC8D.taxon	description	A trill. Overall, the signal presents 71.2 ± 0.83 (70 – 72) syllables per second, with each lasting for 0.009 ± 0.0008 (0.009 – 0.01) seconds and intervals between them of 0.004 ± 0.0008 (0.003 – 0.005) seconds. The peak frequency is 6.473 ± 0.014 (6.455 – 6.492) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pelotas and Viamão. Males produce signals during both day and night in shrubs at the edge, with calling sites between 1 and 2 metres above the ground. Individuals were recorded and collected in January 2020, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 23 ° C (Figures 15 F and 16 I).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E788C4DF7FBBFFC8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Martins et al. (2012), Zefa et al. (2013, 2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD950788448EFFBBCFF57.taxon	description	A chirp with long intervals. The signal consists of phrases lasting for 2.16 ± 0.27 (1.84 – 2.64) seconds, with 83.3 ± 12.3 (71 – 106) syllables each. The interval between each phrase is 3.79 ± 0.33 (3.32 – 4.14) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.925 ± 0.014 (4.911 – 4.949) kHz. Collection site Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males emit signals between 8 pm and 11 pm in bushes approximately 1 metre in height or on tree trunks. The males were recorded and collected in October 2022, at 11 pm, with a temperature of 21 ° C (Figures 17 B and 18 B).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD950788448EFFBBCFF57.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Redü and Zefa (2017) and Zefa et al. (2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.taxon	description	A trill. The signal presents syllables with a duration of 0.002 ± 0.0004 (0.0021 – 0.0032) seconds, with an interval between syllables of 0.001 ± 0.0003 (0.0016 – 0.0022) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 144.2 ± 14.6 (139 – 167) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 7.099 ± 0.155 (6.908 – 7.313) kHz. Collection site Municipality of Porto Alegre. Males emit signals from burrows near urban roads. The males were recorded and collected in January 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 26 ° C (Figures 17 C and 18 C).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.taxon	discussion	Remarks The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Anurogryllus sp. 2	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.taxon	description	Calling song A uninterrupted trill with brief frequency variations throughout the emission. The signal presents syllables with a duration of 0.005 ± 0.0005 (0.0045 – 0.0062) seconds, and the interval between syllables is 0.004 ± 0.0003 (0.0045 – 0.0054) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 108 ± 0 (108 – 108) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.653 ± 0.046 (5.622 – 5.733) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males emit signals from burrows on the ground between 7 pm and 9 pm, during a period when the temperature remains stable at dusk (> 20 ° C). Males were recorded and collected between December and January of 2021 and 2022, from 7 pm to 8 pm, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 24 ° C (Figures 17 D and 18 D). Remarks: the specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Anurogryllus sp. 3 Calling song A trill. The signal exhibits syllables with a duration of 0.002 ± 0.0001 (0.0026 – 0.0031), and the interval between syllables is 0.004 ± 0.0002 (0.0047 – 0.0053). Overall, the signal exhibits 129.2 ± 1.303 (128 – 131) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.586 ± 0.045 (5.484 – 5.619) kHz. Collection site Porto Alegre. Males emit signals from burrows close to urban roads between 7 pm and 9 pm. Males were recorded and collected in October and November of 2022, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 24 ° C (Figures 17 E and 18 E).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.taxon	discussion	Remarks The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Anurogryllus sp. 4 Calling song A trill with a lower number of syllables at the beginning of the signal. The signal exhibits syllables with a duration of 0.005 ± 0.0004 (0.0045 – 0.0055), and the interval between syllables is 0.002 ± 0.0003 (0.0022 – 0.0027) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 129.3 ± 18.32 (82 – 129) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.177 ± 0.032 (5.140 – 5.234) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males emit signals from burrows in the ground between 7 pm and 9 pm. Males were recorded and collected in November 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 20 ° C (Figures 17 F and 18 F). Remarks The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Gryllus sp. Calling song A chirp. The signal consists of phrases lasting 0.169 ± 0.015 (0.161 – 0.2) seconds, with 5.16 ± 0.4 (5 – 6) syllables each. The interval between each phrase is 0.507 ± 0.02 (0.47 – 0.53) seconds, and the peak frequency is 3.41 ± 0.009 (3.407 – 3.429) kHz. Collection site EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. Males emit signals between 9 pm and 3 am in open vegetation areas on the ground. Males were recorded and collected in January 2021, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 19 ° C (Figure 17 G). Remarks Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but the signal is very similar to Gryllus sp. 2, available in Zefa et al. (2022 b).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF2D952789548EEFCBFFC86.taxon	description	A mix-trill that varies between two phrases. The first phrase, consisting of a series of short syllables in sequence, lasts 0.108 ± 0.006 (0.104 – 0.122) seconds, with each phrase lasting 7.16 ± 0.4 (7 – 8) seconds, and intervals between phrases of 0.057 ± 0.004 (0.052 – 0.064) seconds. The second phrase comprises a trill. Each syllable lasts 0.008 ± 0.0002 (0.0079 – 0.0085) seconds, with intervals of 0.006 ± 0.0001 (0.0067 – 0.0071) seconds. Altogether, the second part presents 68.3 ± 0.57 (68 – 69) syllables per second. The peak frequency is 6.48 ± 0.12 (6.313 – 6.575) kHz. Courtship song A mix-trill. Phrases last 0.06 ± 0.006 (0.06 – 0.074) seconds, with 5.2 ± 0.44 (5 – 6) syllables. Overall, the interval between phrases is 0.02 ± 0.003 (0.021 – 0.029) seconds, with a peak frequency of 6 ± 0.081 (5.935 – 6.140) kHz. Collection site Santa Vitória do Palmar, at EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim, Porto Alegre, and Viamão, at Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males emit signals between 9 pm and 12: 30 am in burrows or at the burrow edges located in open areas. Males were recorded and collected between October and January of 2020, 2021, and 2023, with a temperature of 18 ° C (Figures 17 H – I and 18 G).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF2D952789548EEFCBFFC86.taxon	discussion	Remarks Calling song previously described by Orsini and Zefa (2017).	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF1D95278D04E9EFC9BFA35.taxon	description	A chirp that increases the interval between syllables throughout the emission. Overall, the signal presents phrases with 8.23 ± 2.32 (4.92 – 10.37) seconds and an interval between syllables of 0.16 ± 0.01 (0.143 – 0.183) seconds. Each phrase comprises 29.5 ± 5.97 (21 – 35) syllables with a peak frequency of 6.13 ± 0.02 (6.11 – 6.15) kHz (Figures 17 J and 18 H). Collection site Porto Alegre, near the Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. Only one male was collected. The individual was found in shrubs up to 50 cm in height, temperature of 24 ° C, at 10 am in February 2023.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF1D95278D04E9EFC9BFA35.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.	en	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
