identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A187D5FFDFD97D7804498FFC9BFEA2.text	03A187D5FFDFD97D7804498FFC9BFEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carineta diardi (Guerin-Meneville 1829)	<div><p>Carineta diardi (Guérin-Méneville, 1829) (Colourful-cicada)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>A series of short echemmes resembling ‘snaps’ produced while males are flying. A total of 12 ± 3 (8–19) echemmes are emitted. The peak frequency is 9.6 ± 0.2 (9.0–10.1) kHz, with echemmes lasting 0.139 ± 0.021 (0.108 –0.209) seconds.</p><p>Calling song: composed of short echemmes which gradually increase in intensity (dB), lasting 0.06 ± 0.01 (0.003 –0.143), with a peak frequency of 8.9 ± 1.2 (5.6–9.9) kHz.</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Composed of longer echemmes with a greater number of notes, lasting approximately 0.187 ± 0.09 seconds, with 47.5 ± 13.8 syllables per echemme. Unlike other species repertoire sounds, this signal presents a broad-range frequency with three peaks of higher intensity, each with a distinct frequency. F1 presents 5.27 ± 0.24 kHz, F2 presents 6.52 ± 0.21 kHz, while F3 presents 8.41 ± 0.35 kHz.</p><p>Collection site: Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The cicada sings and flies at heights above 2 metres from the ground. Collected and recorded between September and October 2021, between 9 am and 12 am, with temperatures ranging between 19 and 20°C (Figures 2A–C and 5A).</p><p>Remarks acoustic repertoire previously described by Acosta et al. (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFDFD97D7804498FFC9BFEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFDED97E78764C69FC97FD56.text	03A187D5FFDED97E78764C69FC97FD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guaranisaria llanoi Torres 1964	<div><p>Guaranisaria llanoi Torres, 1964 (Eryngo-cicada)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>A series of short echemmes resembling ‘snaps’, lasting 0.161 ± 0.035 (0.061 –0.241) seconds, similar to the flying song of C. diardi . Overall, there are 23 ± 3 (16–28) syllables emitted, lasting approximately 0.173 ± 0.042 (0.097 –0.253) seconds. The peak frequency is 7.9 ± 1.4 (5.0–10.1) kHz.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Produced when the male lands on a Gravatá ( Eryngium horridum Malme, Apiaceae) without a female present. This signal can be divided into two parts. The first part of the signal, referred to as ‘part A’, consists of a single echemme lasting 0.035 ± 0.003 (0.031 –0.043) seconds, separated by a brief interval from the next part. The second part of the signal, ‘part B’, is an echeme with a series of syllables, lasting 0.104 ± 0.084 (0.024 –0.238) seconds. It has a peak frequency of 9.3 ± 0.8 (7.8–10.1) kHz, lasting approximately 0.035 ± 0.003 (0.031 –0.043) and 0.104 ± 0.084 (0.024 –0.238) seconds for parts A and B, respectively.</p><p>Stress call</p><p>A series of long-duration echemmes, but there is no defined rhythm as this signal depends on the organism’s stress level. It comprises about 119.8 ± 43 (86–203) syllables per echemme, lasting 0.666 ± 0.621 (0.22–1.7) seconds. The signal presents frequencies distributed in a broad-range frequency of F1, F2, and F3. F1 is at 6.6 ± 0.35 (6.1–7.1) kHz, F2 at 7.4 ± 0.24 (7.2–7.8) kHz, and F3 at 8.5 ± 0.2 (8.2–8.6) kHz.</p><p>Collection site: Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The cicada sings and flies at heights below 1 metre, performing directional flights to its host plant, the Gravatá. Collected and recorded between September and October 2021, between 9 and 11 am, with a temperature of 20°C (Figures 2D–F and 5B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Acoustic repertoire previously described by Acosta et al. (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFDED97E78764C69FC97FD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD3D97078B24DDAFDCEFB98.text	03A187D5FFD3D97078B24DDAFDCEFB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthoventris charrua Ruschel 2023	<div><p>Acanthoventris charrua Ruschel, 2023</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A series of short echemmes that repeat continuously, spaced by 0.24 ± 0.02 (0.221 –0.271) seconds. Each echeme lasts 0.173 ± 0.008 (0.15–0.18) seconds. The frequencies are distributed in a broad-range frequency, with F1 at 6.98 ± 0.16 (6.7–7.1), F2 at 9.32 ± 0.1 (9.2–9.5), and F3 at 9.8 ± 0.12 (9.7–10) kHz. Throughout the emission, F2 exhibits frequency modulation.</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, in Brasiliano district. The cicada was collected and recorded on 3 March 2020, at 5 pm. It was observed in larger shrubs, between 1 and 1.5 metres above the ground, at a temperature of 23°C (Figures 10 and 15I). The calling song has previously been described by Maccagnan (2008). The genus was recently redefined by Ruschel et al. (2023; Figures 3C and 5D).</p><p>Remarks: the calling song has previously been described by Maccagnan (2008), but the species is identified as Dorisiana sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD3D97078B24DDAFDCEFB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD3D97178D54911FC96FF57.text	03A187D5FFD3D97178D54911FC96FF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalna bonaerensis (Berg 1879)	<div><p>Guyalna bonaerensis (Berg, 1879)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A long echemme lasting 10.64 seconds, containing 131 syllables. It can be emitted in chorus. Frequency distribution in broad-range frequency, with F1 at 3.1 ± 0.05 (3.1–3.2) and F2 at 9.65 ± 0.05 (9.6–9.7) kHz. During each second, 184.7 ± 8.36 (175–196) syllables are emitted.</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Área de ProteÇão Ambiental do Ibirapuitã. Collected on 20 January 2022, at 10 am, between 0.5 and 1 metre above the ground. The temperature was not recorded. Males were recorded on Vachellia caven ( Fabaceae) scrubs, but only one female was collected (Figures 3D 5E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official sound record publication for the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD3D97178D54911FC96FF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD2D97178A24DD6FF04FA15.text	03A187D5FFD2D97178A24DD6FF04FA15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalna viridifemur (Walker 1850)	<div><p>Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of two distinct sessions. The first consists of short echemmes, 11.8 ± 6.7 (4–22) in total, lasting about 0.11 ± 0.03 (0.07–0.16) each. Following each short echemme, there is an interval of 1.02 ± 0.8 (0.68–2.8) seconds. The second part comprises a long echemme, lasting approximately 6.16 ± 2.69 (4.9–12.26) seconds. The second part is emitted continuously by males as a chorus signalling. The signal presents frequencies distributed in broad-range frequencies of F1, F2, F3, and F4. The F1 is at 4.5 ± 0.08 (4.4–4.6) kHz, F2 at 6.61 ± 0.61 (5.8–7.3) kHz, F3 at 10 ± 0.89 (9.07–11.1) kHz, and F4 at 12.3 ± 1.52 (11.1– 14.3) kHz.</p><p>Strell call</p><p>A series of long-duration echemmes, but there is no defined rhythm as this signal depends on the organism’s stress level. The signal presents frequencies distributed in a broad-range frequencies of F1, F2, F3 and F4. F1 is at 4.04 ± 0.22 (3.8–4.2) kHz, F2 at 10.46 ± 0.2 (10.1–10.5) kHz, F3 at 13.31 ± 0.55 (12.2–13.9) kHz and F4 at 15.45 ± 0.9 (13.7– 16.6) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã, and EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The cicada was collected and recorded at the forest edge, 1.5 metres above the ground, where it performs its chorus call, with temperatures between 24 and 32°C at 3 pm. Collections were made in January 2020 (Figures 3 E-F and 5F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record. Considering the morphological similarities between G. viridifemur, G. cuta and G. nigra, we analysed the sonograms presented by Boulard (1999) for the two last mentioned species. It was possible to observe that the duration of the echeme and the broad-range frequency differ between these species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD2D97178A24DD6FF04FA15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD1D97378A74912FEB5FD2C.text	03A187D5FFD1D97378A74912FEB5FD2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proarna montevidensis Berg 1882	<div><p>Proarna montevidensis Berg, 1882</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a continuous emission signal with a series of syllables, each consisting of 2 notes. Each note lasts about 0.007 ± 0.001 (0.004 –0.008), and 125.1 ± 28.3 (75–154) phrases are emitted per second. Also, in broad-range frequency, with F1 at 9.52 ± 0.09 (9.4–9.6), F2 at 10.57 ± 0.12 (10.4–10.7), and F3 at 11.57 ± 0.15 (11.4–11.7) kHz.</p><p>Stress call</p><p>The species did not emit an audible signal during capture, only the beating of its wings. Collection site: Santa Vitória do Palmar, near the Departamento Nacional de Obras de Saneamento (DNOS) . The cicada was collected and recorded at stream edges in this region. It was recorded and collected on 26 December 2021, at 11 am, with temperatures ranging between 23 and 24°C, between 0.2 and 0.6 metres above the ground (Figures 3I and 5H).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official sound record publication for the species and an official occurrence record for the country. There is a confusion regarding the occurrence of this species in Brazil. Berg described the species with locality Montevideo and collected by Sellow (Berg 1882). The distribution of P. montevidensis is listed as Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil by Sanborn and Heath (2014) and Sanborn (2024) where they use several publications to define the distribution (Torres 1961; Metcalf 1963; Duffels and Van Der Laan 1985; de Santis 2007; Sanborn and Heath 2014; Nunes et al. 2023). However, the only one of these references that mentioned Brazil is Torres (1961). The author wrote about having access to the type specimen and found a label with the data ‘ Brasil, Sello’ (sic). Indeed, this label is present together with the type specimen, as shown by photographs we had access to made available by the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. However, Brazil was not mentioned by Berg in the description of the species. Torres (1961) claimed that this was a mistake and the label was added posteriorly. As no publication includes Brazil as a location of occurrence, we consider the record in this publication the first official one of P. montevidensis in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD1D97378A74912FEB5FD2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97378AC4FDEFC9BFA65.text	03A187D5FFD0D97378AC4FDEFC9BFA65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proarna uruguayensis Berg 1882	<div><p>Proarna uruguayensis Berg, 1882</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a long echemme emitted continuously, without distinction between the syllables. In total, 106.6 ± 21.8 (82–139) notes are emitted per second. Emitted in broad-range frequency, with F1 at 9.7 ± 0.14 (9.5–9.8), F2 at 10.7 ± 0.23 (10.6–11.1), and F3 at 11.45 ± 0.12 (11.3–11.6).</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Collected near Salto del Penitente, Lavalleja state, Uruguay . Observed on grassland vegetation at approximately 0.4 metres above the ground . Collected on 25 January 2020. The temperature was not recorded (Figures 3J 5I) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD0D97378AC4FDEFC9BFA65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD0D97478674B17FF17FCE0.text	03A187D5FFD0D97478674B17FF17FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Quesada gigas (Olivier 1790)	<div><p>Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Giant-cicada)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>It presents two distinct sections. The first consists of a series of short echemmes, totalling 41.75 ± 16.9 (32–67) in all, gradually intensifying (dB) and reducing the interval time from 0.07 ± 0.008 (0.07–0.09) to much smaller values towards the end of this part. The second part is a long echemme lasting 8.7 ± 2.3 (6.2–11.5) seconds. Quite common in late afternoons and early mornings, this cicada currently exhibits the lowest frequency values documented for Neotropical cicadas. It also produces sounds in broad-range frequency, with F1 at 1.8 ± 0.23 (1.7–2.1), F2 at 4.34 ± 0.05 (4.3–4.4), and F3 at 6.4 ± 0.05 (6.4–6.5).</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Porto Alegre, Partenon district, near the Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUCRS) . The cicada was collected and recorded on 14 January 2020, at 7 pm, with a temperature of 27° C. The Giant-cicada is a canopy-dwelling organism, produces sounds, and is more active between 6 to 7 am and 6 to 7 pm (Figures 4A and 5J).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The calling sound has been previously described by Sueur (2001, 2002) and Maccagnan (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD0D97478674B17FF17FCE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD5D977788D4895FC9BFC85.text	03A187D5FFD5D977788D4895FC9BFC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zammara tympanum (Fabricius 1803)	<div><p>Zammara tympanum (Fabricius, 1803)</p><p>Flying song</p><p>Not observed.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>It consists of two parts. The first part comprises short echemmes lasting 2.16 ± 0.11 (2– 2.32) seconds. Although short, this echemme presents a click at the beginning, followed by 89 ± 18 (73–116) syllables emitted at a high emission rate, resembling a rattle. The second part is formed by a long echemme. This echemme lasts about 26.8 ± 13.57 (17.2– 36.4) seconds. The second part is synchronised with the other cicadas. This part of the signal presents 111.25 ± 21.3 (87–139) phrases per second, as well as frequencies distributed in broad-range frequency, with F1 of 5.26 ± 0.25 (5–5.5), F2 of 8.46 ± 0.05 (8.4– 8.5), F3 of 11.33 ± 0.05 (11.3–11.4), and F4 of 14.73 ± 0.05 (14.7–14.8).</p><p>Stress call</p><p>Comprised of an echemme lasting about 0.9 ± 0.56 (0.33–1.48), with 106 ± 48.7 (52–159) syllables per echeme. Due to recorder settings, only F1 was captured, with values of 5.16 ± 0.08 (5.09–5.27) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. A canopy-dweller, this cicada produces signals between 5 pm and 7 pm. It was collected on 6 January 2020, at a temperature of 23°C, approximately 2.5 metres above the ground. It is easily attracted to light (Figures 4D–E and 5L).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD5D977788D4895FC9BFC85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFD4D96878DC494EFC9BFA87.text	03A187D5FFD4D96878DC494EFC9BFA87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutryxalis filata (Walker 1870)	<div><p>Eutryxalis filata (Walker, 1870)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a series of phrases lasting 0.30 ± 0.03 (0.22–0.36) seconds, each containing 10.38 ± 1.55 (8–13) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.82 ± 0.41 (0.47–1.65) seconds. It presents a peak frequency of 11.4 ± 0.8 (10.12–12.65) kHz and a bandwidth of 7.47 ± 1.22 (5.7–8.81) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Phrase lasting 0.07 ± 0.0007 (0.07–0.071) seconds, composed of 5 ± 0 (5–5) syllables. It presents a peak frequency of 9.42 ± 0.59 (9–9.84) kHz and a bandwidth of 8.859 ± 1.39 (7.87–9.84) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 am and 2 pm in edge habitats and open fields. The males emitted a startle jump preceding the alert sound emission. Males were recorded and collected in February 2023, between 9 and 10 am, at a temperature of 25°C (Figures 6A and 7A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFD4D96878DC494EFC9BFA87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCBD96978A2489FFD2AFA84.text	03A187D5FFCBD96978A2489FFD2AFA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplectrotettix schulzi Bruner 1900	<div><p>Euplectrotettix schulzi Bruner, 1900</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a sequence of echemmes that vary in duration. The first type of echemme lasts 2.13 ± 0.68 (1.125 –2.639) seconds, with 12.75 ± 2.5 (9–14) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.206 ± 0.038 (0.17–0.271) seconds. The second type of echemme, shorter in duration, lasts 0.642 ± 0.38 (0.342 –1.268) seconds, with 12.8 ± 2.94 (10–17) syllables spaced at intervals of 0.031 ± 0.007 (0.025–0.05) seconds. Throughout the emission, the peak frequency is 10.71 ± 0.34 (10.24–10.93) kHz, with a bandwidth of 13.805 ± 1.78 (11.54– 17.398) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 am and 2 pm in open field habitats. Alongside signal emission, males perform a series of jumps during the emission intervals. Males were recorded and collected between January and February of 2020 and 2022, at 8 am, at a temperature of 30°C (Figures 6B–C and 7B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Riede (1987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCBD96978A2489FFD2AFA84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCAD96A78C8483BFC95FE02.text	03A187D5FFCAD96A78C8483BFC95FE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinipta dalmani (Stal 1861)	<div><p>Sinipta dalmani (Stål, 1861)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Short echemmes. Each echemme lasts for 0.177 ± 0.043 (0.13–0.215) seconds, with 10.66 ± 2.31 (8–12) syllables each. The interval between echemmes is 0.13 ± 0.04 (0.103 –0.170) seconds, and the interval between syllables is 0.015 ± 0.001 (0.014 –0.018) seconds. The peak frequency is 11.64 ± 1.74 (9.75–13.187) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.17 ± 0.85 (6–8.062) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. Males were recorded and collected in shrubby areas between February and March of 2021. Males sing above the vegetation, between 0.2 and 0.4 metres from the ground, between 11 am and 1 pm, at a temperature of 19°C (Figure 6D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling and courtship song described by Clemente et al. (2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCAD96A78C8483BFC95FE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96A78944F99FCCAFA3E.text	03A187D5FFC9D96A78944F99FCCAFA3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleus discoideus subsp. discoideus (Serville 1831)	<div><p>Xyleus discoideus discoideus (Serville, 1831)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a long echemme. This echeme lasts for 1.198 ± 0.100 (1.128 –1.313) seconds, containing 68 ± 9.84 (60–79) syllables. The peak frequency is 14.21 ± 1.3 (13.125 –16.687) kHz, with a bandwidth of 13.02 ± 0.33 (12.75–13.687) kHz.</p><p>Courtship song</p><p>Composed of a sequence of echemmes. Each of these echemmes lasts for 0.195 ± 0.017 (0.168 –0.230) seconds, with 8.833 ± 2.316 (7–13) syllables at intervals of 0.168 ± 0.025 (0.136 –0.213) seconds. The peak frequency is 12.575 ± 1.230 (11.283 –13.867) kHz, and the bandwidth is 10.421 ± 0.560 (9.733–11.8) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection sites: Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande and Porto Alegre. Individuals produce signals in shrubs between 0.1 and 0.5 metres above the ground between 11 am and 3 pm. Males were recorded and collected during March 2021, at 3 pm, at a temperature of 21°C (Figures 6E–F and 7C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The calling song was previously described by Riede (1987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC9D96A78944F99FCCAFA3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC9D96B788D4B0EFC9BFD17.text	03A187D5FFC9D96B788D4B0EFC9BFD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chromacris speciosa (Thunberg 1824)	<div><p>Chromacris speciosa (Thunberg, 1824)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A series of echemmes. Each echeme lasts for 0.367 ± 0.033 (0.343 –0.417) seconds, containing 7.25 ± 0.5 (7–8) syllables. There is an interval between each echemme of 1.401 ± 0.173 (1.202 –1.521) seconds. The peak frequency is 11.62 ± 0.243 (11.4–11.8) kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.969 ± 0.293 (9.56–10.249) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection sites</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande, Porto Alegre and the Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males were recorded and collected in shrubs in open regions between December 2021 and January 2022. The individual was positioned 1.5 metres above the ground at 5 pm, at a temperature of 20°C (Figures 6G and 7D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC9D96B788D4B0EFC9BFD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC8D96B786C492EFC46F95C.text	03A187D5FFC8D96B786C492EFC46F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher 1891)	<div><p>Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher, 1891)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Comprised of a trill. Phrases with two types of syllables. The first type of syllable exhibits greater amplitude, lasting 0.005 ± 0.0007 (0.004 –0.006) seconds. The second, longerlasting syllable lasts about 0.017 ± 0.0006 (0.0166 –0.0184) seconds. There is an interval between syllables of 0.004 ± 0.0004 (0.004 –0.0054) seconds, with 75.8 ± 2.16 (73–78) notes emitted per second. The signal displays a peak frequency of 11.03 ± 1.39 (10.1–13.8) kHz, with a bandwidth of 12.34 ± 0.07 (12.18–12.37) kHz (Figure 8A).</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint–Hilaire. Males were collected and recorded on 25 November 2019, at 11 am, positioned 0.2 metres above the ground, with a temperature of 18°C. The males produce signals in areas close to the ground, within typical open-field vegetation (Figures 8A and 10A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The calling song has previously been described by Fianco et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC8D96B786C492EFC46F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCFD96C78884EDFFE85F9E3.text	03A187D5FFCFD96C78884EDFFE85F9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus saltator (Saussure 1859)	<div><p>Conocephalus saltator (Saussure, 1859)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mixed trill. The echemmes have a duration of 0.64 ± 0.15 (0.474 –0.747) seconds, with 20.6 ± 3.97 (16–23) syllables. The interval between echemmes is 1.15 ± 0.21 (0.884 –1.418) seconds. The peak frequency is 16.19 ± 0.24 (15.8–16.4) kHz, with a bandwidth of 14.01 ± 0.77 (13.31–15.18) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Municipality of Porto Alegre, at Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, and Viamão, at Parque Natural Municipal Saint–Hilaire. Males were collected and recorded on 30 September 2021, at 11 am, 0.2 metres above the ground, with a temperature of 18°C. The males produce signals close to the ground, within typical open-field vegetation (Figures 8B and 10B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The calling song has been previously described by Chamorro-Rengifo et al. (2018) and Fianco et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCFD96C78884EDFFE85F9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4D86FBC7FD0B.text	03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4D86FBC7FD0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus undefined-1	<div><p>Conocephalus sp. 1</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mixed trill. Numerous syllables are emitted, lasting 2.85 ± 0.53 (2.4–3.64) seconds, with 66.85 ± 14.1 (53–87) notes, spaced by 0.67 ± 0.04 (0.62–0.75) seconds. It presents a peak frequency of 15.62 ± 1.34 (13.4–17.9) kHz, with a bandwidth of 6.43 ± 0.12 (6.28–6.63) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. The organism was collected on 5 February 2020. Males sing 1.5 metres above the ground in shrubs within open areas, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 26°C (Figures 8C and 10C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4D86FBC7FD0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4FB1FBF2FA9B.text	03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4FB1FBF2FA9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus undefined-2	<div><p>Conocephalus sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mixed trill. The signal presents two very distinct types of echemmes. The first comprises brief syllables resembling ‘tics’ lasting 0.12 ± 0.02 (0.106 –0.183) seconds, spaced by 0.40 ± 0.09 (0.308 –0.654) seconds. The second syllable lasts 1.36 ± 0.58 (1.03–2.04) seconds, with 136.3 ± 33.5 (116–175) notes during its emission. The peak frequency of 12.83 ± 0.42 (11.9–13.4) kHz and a bandwidth of 11.73 ± 1.18 (10.12–12.93) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The organism was recorded and collected on 12 January 2020, at 8 pm. The males singing in shrubs, 1 metre above the ground, with a temperature of 22°C (Figures 8D and 10D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCED96D7B0F4FB1FBF2FA9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCED96E7B0F4820FBFFFBDC.text	03A187D5FFCED96E7B0F4820FBFFFBDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus undefined-3	<div><p>Conocephalus sp. 3</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp emitted without a defined rhythm, consisting of an echemme with 114.8 ± 4.76 (110–121) syllables, lasting about 2.31 ± 0.15 (2.15–2.47) seconds. Presents a peak frequency of 19.4 ± 0.12 (19.2–19.5) kHz, with a bandwidth of 11.92 ± 0.36 (11.43–12.37) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Municipality of Porto Alegre, Partenon district. The male was collected and recorded on 2 February 2022, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 24°C. The males singing from bushes, about 2 metres above the ground (Figure 8E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCED96E7B0F4820FBFFFBDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFCDD96078BC49C2FE71FF71.text	03A187D5FFCDD96078BC49C2FE71FF71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Copiphora brachyptera Karny 1907	<div><p>Copiphora brachyptera Karny, 1907</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp with well-defined echemes with 5.7–1.6 (2.38–10.62) seconds, with 28.89 ± 7.54 (12–54) syllables per echeme. The interval between each syllable is 0.09 ± 0.014 (0.068 – 0.136) seconds. The species’ peak frequency is 11.04 ± 1.6 (7.5–15.9) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.30 ± 0.80 (6.18–8.06) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 22°C, between 8 pm and 10 pm. The males produce signals in canopy regions, above 4 metres above the ground (Figures 9A 10F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication with the species’ calling song, as well as the first record in the Pampa region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFCDD96078BC49C2FE71FF71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114C0EFBC7FCD6.text	03A187D5FFC3D9607B114C0EFBC7FCD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoconocephalus undefined-1	<div><p>Neoconocephalus sp. 1</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp emitted at defined intervals. It features short echemmes with 0.56 ± 0.06 (0.434 – 0.676) seconds, with 99.25 ± 12.16 (76–117) syllables, each one spaced by an interval of 0.76 ± 0.18 (0.514–1.02) seconds between them. Peak frequency of 14.67 ± 0.26 (14.4–15) kHz and a bandwidth of 2.32 ± 0.09 (2.25–2.43) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim, on 11 January 2021, at 10 pm, with a temperature of 19°C. The collected male and other males were producing signals on the ground, in edge-of-forest locations. Despite the recording being at 10 pm, the males produced signals between 8 pm and 4 am (Figures 9B and 10G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC3D9607B114C0EFBC7FCD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9607B114E6BFBC7FA3B.text	03A187D5FFC3D9607B114E6BFBC7FA3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoconocephalus undefined-2	<div><p>Neoconocephalus sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Comprised of an uninterrupted trill. This signal features continuous echemmes, without intervals during emission, totalling 65.25 ± 1.16 (54–68) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 17.70 ± 0.21 (17.53–18.09) kHz and a bandwidth of 5.67 ± 0.04 (5.62– 5.71) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, at the EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim and in the Donatos district. The males were recorded and collected on 12 January 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22° C. They also producing signals at forest edges, but at heights above 1 metre (Figures 9C and 10H).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC3D9607B114E6BFBC7FA3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC3D9617B1148B7FBFFFE37.text	03A187D5FFC3D9617B1148B7FBFFFE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoconocephalus undefined-3	<div><p>Neoconocephalus sp. 3</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp with well-defined intervals. The echemes have a duration of 0.54 ± 0.03 (0.493 – 0.589) seconds, encompassing 69.2 ± 3.9 (63–75) syllables, spaced at intervals of 0.45 ± 0.04 (0.375 –0.554) seconds, featuring a peak frequency of 5.83 ± 0.09 (5.7–5.91) kHz and a bandwidth of 5.68 ± 0.15 (5.43–5.81) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, AviaÇão district. The male was recorded and collected on 29 December 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 19°C. The collected individual and other males were producing signals in open field bushy areas, at heights of approximately 0.4 metres from the ground (Figures 9D and 10I).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC3D9617B1148B7FBFFFE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114CDBFBC7FBAB.text	03A187D5FFC2D9617B114CDBFBC7FBAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoconocephalus undefined-4	<div><p>Neoconocephalus sp. 4</p><p>Calling song</p><p>An uninterrupted trill. Each echemme lasts for 0.006 ± 0.0008 (0.0056 –0.007) seconds, separated by short intervals of 0.009 ± 0.001 (0.007 –0.011) seconds. Altogether, 77.5 ± 3.65 (72–83) syllables per second are emitted, with a peak frequency of 13.52 ± 0.18 (13.28–13.69) kHz and a bandwidth of 3.63 ± 0.10 (3.56–3.75) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The male was recorded and collected on February 29, 2022, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 25°C. The collected organism and other males were singing within bushes close to marshy areas, at heights near 1 metre (Figures 9E and 10J).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC2D9617B114CDBFBC7FBAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC2D9617B114968FBFFF93C.text	03A187D5FFC2D9617B114968FBFFF93C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoconocephalus undefined-5	<div><p>Neoconocephalus sp. 5</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill with more prolonged echemmes and higher intensity (dB). Each echemme lasts for 0.53 ± 0.03 (0.495 –0.575) seconds, containing 83.06 ± 7.36 (69–92) syllables. Each of these syllables has an interval of 0.159 ± 0.01 (0.141 –0.196) seconds, with a peak frequency of 13.25 ± 0.35 (12.7–13.61) kHz and a bandwidth of 3.93 ± 0.13 (3.75–4.12) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The male was recorded and collected on March 17, 2022, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22°C. It was found singing alongside other males in bushes up to 1 metre in height, within open field areas (Figure 9F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC2D9617B114968FBFFF93C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC1D9637824486BFCD5F99A.text	03A187D5FFC1D9637824486BFCD5F99A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalophlugis gaucho Tavares, Acosta and Timm 2022	<div><p>Cephalophlugis gaucho Tavares, Acosta and Timm, 2022</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed a long echemmes varying between short and long syllables, with brief sessions of reduced intervals. Each echemme lasts for 19.97 ± 5.74 (15.18–26.34) seconds, with short and long syllables lasting 0.51 ± 0.59 (0.02–2.06) and 14.34 ± 2.86 (11.09–16.49) seconds, respectively. Peak frequency is 23.43 ± 0.59 (22.1–24.3) kHz, with a bandwidth of 8.62 ± 0.39 (8.06–9) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 22°C, between 7 pm and 10 pm. The males produce signals on the adaxial surface of plants up to 2 metres in height (Figures 11A and 12A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Tavares et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC1D9637824486BFCD5F99A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96478404DDCFCE2FD72.text	03A187D5FFC7D96478404DDCFCE2FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyscelus normalis Brunner von Wattenwyl 1895	<div><p>Dasyscelus normalis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed a short echemmes emitted at long intervals. The echemmes last 0.57 ± 0.02 (0.564 –0.613) seconds, each containing 45.4 ± 4.15 (40–49) syllables, with echemes interspersed by 9.19 ± 2.31 (5.87–11.2) seconds. Peak frequency is 21.31 ± 0.32 (20.9– 21.72) kHz, with a bandwidth of 9.18 ± 0.13 (9–9.37) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Donatos district. The male was recorded and collected on April 21, 2021, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 17°C. The males were found singing on tree trunks, approximately 2 metres above ground level (Figures 11B and 12B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC7D96478404DDCFCE2FD72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC7D96578D64E20FBC7FE01.text	03A187D5FFC7D96578D64E20FBC7FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphura elegans (Serville 1838)	<div><p>Scaphura elegans (Serville, 1838)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Comprising two types of interspersed echemmes, with the second part exhibiting shorter duration, lower amplitude, and a smaller number of syllables. The echemmes last 0.663 ± 0.05 (0.585 –0.706) seconds with intervals between them lasting 3.64 ± 0.86 (2.97–4.78) seconds. Within each echemme, there are two types of syllables. The first type of echemme lasts 0.194 ± 0.02 (0.156 –0.226) seconds, containing 18.66 ± 3.44 (15– 24) syllables, with an interval of 3.64 ± 0.86 (2.97–4.78) seconds. The second type of echemme lasts 0.135 ± 0.03 (0.76–0.165) seconds, with 5.66 ± 2.42 (2–8) syllables, and an interval of 0.34 ± 0.04 (0.29–0.404) seconds. The peak frequency is 12.42 ± 0.09 (12.30– 12.55) kHz, with a bandwidth of 5.13 ± 0.43 (4.68–5.81) kHz.</p><p>Collection site: Porto Alegre, near the Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The male was recorded and collected on February 1, 2022, at 4 pm, with a temperature of 25°C. The organism was observed producing signals in canopy locations, approximately 3 metres above ground level (Figures 11C and 12C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).</p><p>Anaulacomera sp. 1</p><p>Calling song: composed of two types of echemmes. The signal has a duration of 2.76 ± 0.21 (2.61–2.92) seconds. The first type of echemme lasts 0.64 ± 0.03 (0.624 – 0.667) seconds, with 29.5 ± 2.12 (28–31) syllables. The second type of echemme lasts 2.05 ± 0.22 (1.891–2.21) seconds, with 81.5 ± 6.36 (77–86) notes. The peak frequency is 15.04 ± 0.18 (14.91–15.17) kHz, with a bandwidth of 7.91 ± 0.55 (7.31–8.43) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The males were recorded and collected on February 9, 2021, at 5 pm, with a temperature of 24°C. The males were observed producing signals in shrubs close to flooded regions, up to 2 metres high. The signal is produced for most of the day, starting at 10 am and ending at 6 pm (Figures 11D and 12D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC7D96578D64E20FBC7FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D9657B024CB9FBFFFC39.text	03A187D5FFC6D9657B024CB9FBFFFC39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaulacomera undefined-2	<div><p>Anaulacomera sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a brief echemmes. Each echemme lasted about 0.05 ± 0.001 (0.052 –0.053) seconds, with 9.5 ± 0.7 (9–10) syllables. The peak frequency is 11.75 ± 0.07 (11.7–11.8) kHz, with a bandwidth of 4.3 ± 0.28 (4.1–4.5) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint–Hilaire. The males were recorded and collected on March 31, 2022, at 11 pm, with a temperature of 19°C. The males sing in canopy regions, above 3 metres in height. The signal is produced between 10 pm and 3 am (Figures 11E and 12E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC6D9657B024CB9FBFFFC39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D965785A4EB2FCE2FA68.text	03A187D5FFC6D965785A4EB2FCE2FA68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grammadera clara Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878	<div><p>Grammadera clara Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of short echemmes, each consisting of two syllables. Each echemme lasts approximately 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.135 –0.175) seconds. The peak frequency is 21.26 ± 0.19 (21– 21.49) kHz, with a bandwidth of 2.62 ± 0.72 (1.12–3.37) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, at EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim and in the Donatos district. The males were recorded and collected between March and April 2021, at 10 pm, with temperatures ranging between 17 and 22°C. The males were observed producing signals throughout much of the night on the adaxial surface of peach tree leaves, Prunus persica ( Rosales: Rosaceae), at heights ranging from 1 to 2 metres (Figures 11F and 12F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC6D965785A4EB2FCE2FA68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC6D96678D44B00FCE2FD1C.text	03A187D5FFC6D96678D44B00FCE2FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vellea cruenta (Burmeister 1838)	<div><p>Vellea cruenta (Burmeister, 1838)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Composed of a short echemmes with few phrases. Each echemme lasts for 0.029 ± 0.014 (0.017 –0.043) seconds, with intervals between them of 0.32 ± 0.0007 (0.32–0.321)</p><p>seconds. The peak frequency is 9.23 ± 1.53 (8.81–11.43) kHz, with a bandwidth of 5.53 ± 0.32 (5.25–5.81) kHz.</p><p>Alert song</p><p>Not recorded.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. The males sing in canopy locations during late afternoon and part of the night, above 3 metres in height. The males were recorded and collected in January 2021 and 2022, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 23°C, at 10 pm (Figure 11G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Fianco et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC6D96678D44B00FCE2FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC5D96778B64E7DFCA4FE3F.text	03A187D5FFC5D96778B64E7DFCA4FE3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure 1897	<div><p>Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897</p><p>Calling song</p><p>Comprisinf a mixed-trill with phrases emitted uninterruptedly at long intervals. Each phrase lasts for 0.704 ± 0.049 (0.659 –0.788) seconds, containing 32.5 ± 2.564 (30–38) syllables each. Each phrase is separated by intervals of approximately 3.01 ± 1.502 (1.214 – 6.118) seconds, with a peak frequency of 2.9 ± 0 (2.9–2.9) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. Males emit signals starting at 8 pm and continuing into the early hours of the morning. The males were recorded and collected at edge locations in February 2021, with the calling site height ranging between 1.20 and 1.50 metres to the ground, at 10 pm, with a temperature of 24°C (Figures 13A and 16A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Zefa et al. (2012, 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC5D96778B64E7DFCA4FE3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.text	03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecanthus undefined-1	<div><p>Oecanthus sp. 1</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mix-trill with phrases emitted uninterruptedly at regular intervals. Each phrase lasts for 0.205 ± 0.018 (0.162 –0.244) seconds, containing 11 ± 1.322 (8–12) syllables each. Each phrase is separated by intervals of about 0.165 ± 0.012 (0.152 –0.192) seconds and a peak frequency of 2.75 ± 0 (2.75–2.75) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males were recorded and collected at edge locations within shrubby vegetation up to 1 metre in height. The males commence their signalling at 8 pm and extend it well into the early hours of the morning. The collected males were obtained on February 20, 2020 and 2023, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 22°C (Figures 13B and 16B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later.</p><p>Oecanthus sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mix-trill with short phrases emitted continuously. Each phrase lasts for 0.11 ± 0.03 (0.079 –0.126) seconds, containing 11.2 ± 2.28 (9–15) syllables. Each phrase is separated by intervals of approximately 0.095 ± 0.031 (0.044 –0.124) seconds, with a peak frequency of 3.09 ± 0.018 (3.069 –3.116) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. The males emit signals between 8 pm and 11 pm. Recordings and collection were carried out in areas with low canopy, reaching up to 2 metres, on April 11th, 2022, at 8 PM, with a temperature of 19°C . Despite the collection in the lower stratum, the species does not typically inhabit low areas but rather prefers significantly higher locations (Figures 13C and 16C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFC4D9677B3F4CCAFF25F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFBD95878A74C19FBD8FB48.text	03A187D5FFFBD95878A74C19FBD8FB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endecous onthophagus (Berg 1891)	<div><p>Endecous onthophagus (Berg, 1891)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp with few repetitions. The signal consists of short phrases lasting 0.2 ± 0.013 (0.187 –0.219) seconds, with 8.25 ± 0.5 (8–9) syllables each. Each phrase has intervals of 0.657 ± 0.194 (0.484 –0.868) seconds and a peak frequency of 5.29 ± 0 (5.29–5.29) kHz.</p><p>Courtship song</p><p>A chirp with long intervals between phrases. The signal contains short phrases, lasting 0.132 ± 0.01 (0.119 –0.143) seconds, separated by intervals of 1.105 ± 0.48 (0.803–1.66) seconds. Each phrase consists of 5.75 ± 0.5 (5–6) syllables and a peak frequency of 4.86 ± 0.046 (4.82–4.9) kHz.</p><p>Aggressive song</p><p>Composed of chirps varying in duration according to the intensity of the interaction between males. Each phrase lasts 0.258 ± 0.017 (0.248 –0.279) seconds, with intervals of 1.803 ± 0.128 (1.712 –1.894) seconds. Each phrase contains 9 ± 1 (8–10) syllables with a peak frequency of 4.944 ± 0.361 (4.68–5.34) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Morro Redondo, at Tunel Maciel. Males were collected from rock crevices at heights above 1 metre. Acoustic signal emissions start at 7 pm and continue throughout most of the night. Males were collected and recorded in January 2019 and 2020, at 5 PM, with a temperature of 23°C (Figures 14A–C and 16D) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Acosta et al. (2020) and Zefa et al. (2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFBD95878A74C19FBD8FB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78744960FD5AF95C.text	03A187D5FFF9D95A78744960FD5AF95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adelosgryllus rubricephalus Mesa and Zefa 2004	<div><p>Adelosgryllus rubricephalus Mesa and Zefa, 2004</p><p>Courtship song</p><p>A chirp with repetitions that vary according to the proximity of the female. Each phrase lasts for 0.196 ± 0.138 (0.08–0.349) seconds, containing 11 ± 5.291 (7–17) syllables. Intervals between phrases are 0.224 ± 0.007 (0.219 –0.229) seconds long, with a peak frequency of 6.51 ± 0.210 (6.2–6.63) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã, and Pelotas, at the Campus Capão do Leão of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Males were found under decomposing wood. Signal production can occur at any time, as the species solely relies on the courtship song, which depends solely on contact with the female. Males were recorded and collected in January 2020, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 23°C (Figure 14G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Courtship song described in Zefa et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF9D95A78744960FD5AF95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF9D95A78074DEDFBAEFC71.text	03A187D5FFF9D95A78074DEDFBAEFC71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lerneca inalata subsp. beripocone Lima, Martins and Lhano 2016	<div><p>Lerneca inalata beripocone Lima, Martins and Lhano, 2016</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mix-trill with short phrases emitted continuously. Each phrase lasts for 0.201 ± 0.009 (0.188 –0.216) seconds, containing 19.71 ± 0.755 (19–21) syllables. Intervals between phrases are 0.558 ± 0.098 (0.455 –0.723) seconds long, with a peak frequency of 4.153 ± 0.032 (4.105 –4.199) kHz.</p><p>Courtship song</p><p>A mix-trill with short phrases, with the first syllable having higher intensity (dB). Each phrase lasts for 0.258 ± 0.007 (0.251 –0.268) seconds, containing 33.33 ± 1.96 (34–37) syllables. Intervals between phrases of 0.463 ± 0.051 (0.412 –0.548) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.081 ± 0.020 (4.04–4.09) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual Itapuã. Males produce signals between 8 pm and 4 pm in edge habitats, but some can also be found emitting signals within the forest during the day. Males were recorded and collected in bushes up to 0.3 metres or on the ground on January 9 and 10, 2020, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 21°C (Figures 14E–F and 16E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Lima et al. (2016, 2018) and Zefa et al. (2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF9D95A78074DEDFBAEFC71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF8D95B7B20498FFCE4F95C.text	03A187D5FFF8D95B7B20498FFCE4F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaxipha undefined-1	<div><p>Anaxipha sp. 1</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp emitted throughout the night. Each phrase has a duration of 0.271 ± 0.004 (0.268 – 0.276) seconds, with 5 ± 0 (5–5) syllables. Each syllable consists of 0.054 ± 0.001 (0.053 – 0.057) notes. The peak frequency is 6.54 ± 0.08 (6.5–6.7) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals in edge and open field regions, at locations up to 1 metre in height during both day and night. The males were recorded and collected in March 2020, at 8 pm, at a temperature of 21°C (Figures 15A and 16F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify the species, but we are waiting for future studies to confirm the identification at the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF8D95B7B20498FFCE4F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95C7B204EE8FD10FA69.text	03A187D5FFFFD95C7B204EE8FD10FA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaxipha undefined-2	<div><p>Anaxipha sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A continuous trill. The signal presents 13.6 ± 1.51 (12–16) syllables emitted per second. Each syllable has a duration of 0.03 ± 0.001 (0.035 –0.037) and intervals of 0.043 ± 0.0004 (0.043 –0.044) seconds. The peak frequency is 6.26 ± 0.016 (6.25–6.29) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males produce signals in available bushes in open areas. The males were recorded and collected in December 2019, in bushes up to 1 metre in height, at 7 pm, at a temperature of 24°C (Figure 15B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFFD95C7B204EE8FD10FA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFFD95D7B204B01FD10FD8C.text	03A187D5FFFFD95D7B204B01FD10FD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaxipha undefined-3	<div><p>Anaxipha sp. 3</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp with a lower frequency at the beginning of the phrase. The phrases have a duration of 1.61 ± 0.10 (1.45–1.67) seconds, with 10.77 ± 1.20 (9–12) syllables per phrase.</p><p>Each phrase presents intervals of 1.39 ± 0.17 (1.135 –1.656) seconds and a peak frequency of 5.65 ± 0.03 (5.6–5.7) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals in bushes up to 1 metre in height, available in edge locations, between 8 pm and 2 am. The individuals were recorded in January 2020, at 9 pm, at a temperature of 24°C (Figures 15C and 16G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFFD95D7B204B01FD10FD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95D7B204F24FD10FB04.text	03A187D5FFFED95D7B204F24FD10FB04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaxipha undefined-4	<div><p>Anaxipha sp. 4</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp. Each phrase lasts for 0.50 ± 0.21 (0.185 –0.681) seconds, with 5.75 ± 1.25 (4–7) syllables each. The intervals between each syllable are 0.09 ± 0.001 (0.095 –0.098) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.83 ± 0.05 (4.787–4.9) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males produce signals between 10 pm and 1 am on the adaxial surface of available pteridophytes at the edge, with the active calling site up to 0.2 metres above the ground. The males were recorded and collected in August and September 2019, as well as February 2020, at 11 pm, at temperatures of 10°C in 2019 and 20°C in 2020 (Figure 15D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but we are expecting future studies to confirm the identification at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFED95D7B204F24FD10FB04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFED95E78DE4800FCD1FF71.text	03A187D5FFFED95E78DE4800FCD1FF71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cranistus colliurides Stal 1861	<div><p>Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill. Overall, the signal presents 51 ± 0 (51–51) syllables per second, with each lasting for 0.014 ± 0.001 (0.013 –0.016) seconds and intervals between them of 0.004 ± 0.001 (0.002 – 0.005) seconds. The peak frequency is 7.06 ± 0.01 (7.052 –7.089) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pelotas and Viamão. Males produce signals during both day and night in shrubs at the edge, with calling sites between 1 and 2 metres above the ground. Individuals were recorded and collected between January and March 2021, between 6 pm and 10 pm, at a temperature of 23°C (Figures 15E and 16H).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song described by Martins et al. (2012) and Zefa et al. (2013; Zefa et al. 2022b), and the acoustic repertoire described by Centeno et al. (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFED95E78DE4800FCD1FF71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E78C74ECBFBBCFA49.text	03A187D5FFFDD95E78C74ECBFBBCFA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anurogryllus patos Redu 2017	<div><p>Anurogryllus patos Redü, 2017</p><p>Calling song</p><p>An uninterrupted emission trill. The signal consists of phrases lasting for 0.004 ± 0.0001 (0.0041 –0.0047) seconds, with an interval between phrases of 0.002 ± 0.0001 (0.0023 – 0.0028) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 139.2 ± 1.78 (136–140) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.602 ± 0.051 (5.531 –5.663) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Pelotas, at Campus Capão do Leão of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Males emit signals between 8 pm and 9 pm in burrows located in open areas. The males were recorded in November 2019, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 21°C (Figures 17A and 18A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Redü and Zefa (2017) and Zefa et al. (2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFDD95E78C74ECBFBBCFA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD95E788C4DF7FBBFFC8D.text	03A187D5FFFDD95E788C4DF7FBBFFC8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloscirtus amoenus Burmeister 1880	<div><p>Phylloscirtus amoenus Burmeister, 1880</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill. Overall, the signal presents 71.2 ± 0.83 (70–72) syllables per second, with each lasting for 0.009 ± 0.0008 (0.009–0.01) seconds and intervals between them of 0.004 ± 0.0008 (0.003 –0.005) seconds. The peak frequency is 6.473 ± 0.014 (6.455 –6.492) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pelotas and Viamão. Males produce signals during both day and night in shrubs at the edge, with calling sites between 1 and 2 metres above the ground. Individuals were recorded and collected in January 2020, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 23°C (Figures 15F and 16I).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Martins et al. (2012), Zefa et al. (2013, 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFDD95E788C4DF7FBBFFC8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFFDD950788448EFFBBCFF57.text	03A187D5FFFDD950788448EFFBBCFF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anurogryllus toledopizai (de Mello 1988)	<div><p>Anurogryllus toledopizai (de Mello, 1988)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp with long intervals. The signal consists of phrases lasting for 2.16 ± 0.27 (1.84–2.64) seconds, with 83.3 ± 12.3 (71–106) syllables each. The interval between each phrase is 3.79 ± 0.33 (3.32–4.14) seconds, with a peak frequency of 4.925 ± 0.014 (4.911 –4.949) kHz. Collection site</p><p>Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males emit signals between 8 pm and 11 pm in bushes approximately 1 metre in height or on tree trunks. The males were recorded and collected in October 2022, at 11 pm, with a temperature of 21°C (Figures 17B and 18B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Redü and Zefa (2017) and Zefa et al. (2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFFDD950788448EFFBBCFF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.text	03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anurogryllus undefined-1	<div><p>Anurogryllus sp. 1</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill. The signal presents syllables with a duration of 0.002 ± 0.0004 (0.0021 –0.0032) seconds, with an interval between syllables of 0.001 ± 0.0003 (0.0016 –0.0022) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 144.2 ± 14.6 (139–167) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 7.099 ± 0.155 (6.908 –7.313) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Municipality of Porto Alegre. Males emit signals from burrows near urban roads. The males were recorded and collected in January 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 26°C (Figures 17C and 18C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later.</p><p>Anurogryllus sp. 2</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A uninterrupted trill with brief frequency variations throughout the emission. The signal presents syllables with a duration of 0.005 ± 0.0005 (0.0045 –0.0062) seconds, and the interval between syllables is 0.004 ± 0.0003 (0.0045 –0.0054) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 108 ± 0 (108–108) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.653 ± 0.046 (5.622 –5.733) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males emit signals from burrows on the ground between 7 pm and 9 pm, during a period when the temperature remains stable at dusk (&gt;20°C). Males were recorded and collected between December and January of 2021 and 2022, from 7 pm to 8 pm, with temperatures ranging between 20 and 24°C (Figures 17D and 18D).</p><p>Remarks: the specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later.</p><p>Anurogryllus sp. 3</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill. The signal exhibits syllables with a duration of 0.002 ± 0.0001 (0.0026 –0.0031), and the interval between syllables is 0.004 ± 0.0002 (0.0047 –0.0053). Overall, the signal exhibits 129.2 ± 1.303 (128–131) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.586 ± 0.045 (5.484 –5.619) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Porto Alegre. Males emit signals from burrows close to urban roads between 7 pm and 9 pm. Males were recorded and collected in October and November of 2022, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 24°C (Figures 17E and 18E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Anurogryllus sp. 4</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A trill with a lower number of syllables at the beginning of the signal. The signal exhibits syllables with a duration of 0.005 ± 0.0004 (0.0045 –0.0055), and the interval between syllables is 0.002 ± 0.0003 (0.0022 –0.0027) seconds. Overall, the signal exhibits 129.3 ± 18.32 (82–129) syllables per second, with a peak frequency of 5.177 ± 0.032 (5.140 –5.234) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar. Males emit signals from burrows in the ground between 7 pm and 9 pm. Males were recorded and collected in November 2021, at 8 pm, with a temperature of 20°C (Figures 17F and 18F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens were identified as a new species which the description will be published later. Gryllus sp.</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp. The signal consists of phrases lasting 0.169 ± 0.015 (0.161–0.2) seconds, with 5.16 ± 0.4 (5–6) syllables each. The interval between each phrase is 0.507 ± 0.02 (0.47– 0.53) seconds, and the peak frequency is 3.41 ± 0.009 (3.407 –3.429) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim. Males emit signals between 9 pm and 3 am in open vegetation areas on the ground. Males were recorded and collected in January 2021, at 9 pm, with a temperature of 19°C (Figure 17G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Unfortunately, was not possible to identify the species, but the signal is very similar to Gryllus sp.2, available in Zefa et al. (2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF3D9517B344DFBFD7DFA48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF2D952789548EEFCBFFC86.text	03A187D5FFF2D952789548EEFCBFFC86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miogryllus itaquiensis Orsini and Zefa 2017	<div><p>Miogryllus itaquiensis Orsini and Zefa, 2017</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A mix-trill that varies between two phrases. The first phrase, consisting of a series of short syllables in sequence, lasts 0.108 ± 0.006 (0.104 –0.122) seconds, with each phrase lasting 7.16 ± 0.4 (7–8) seconds, and intervals between phrases of 0.057 ± 0.004 (0.052 –0.064) seconds. The second phrase comprises a trill. Each syllable lasts 0.008 ± 0.0002 (0.0079 – 0.0085) seconds, with intervals of 0.006 ± 0.0001 (0.0067 –0.0071) seconds. Altogether, the second part presents 68.3 ± 0.57 (68–69) syllables per second. The peak frequency is 6.48 ± 0.12 (6.313 –6.575) kHz.</p><p>Courtship song</p><p>A mix-trill. Phrases last 0.06 ± 0.006 (0.06–0.074) seconds, with 5.2 ± 0.44 (5–6) syllables. Overall, the interval between phrases is 0.02 ± 0.003 (0.021 –0.029) seconds, with a peak frequency of 6 ± 0.081 (5.935 –6.140) kHz.</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Santa Vitória do Palmar, at EstaÇão Ecológica do Taim, Porto Alegre, and Viamão, at Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Males emit signals between 9 pm and 12:30 am in burrows or at the burrow edges located in open areas. Males were recorded and collected between October and January of 2020, 2021, and 2023, with a temperature of 18°C (Figures 17H–I and 18G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Calling song previously described by Orsini and Zefa (2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF2D952789548EEFCBFFC86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
03A187D5FFF1D95278D04E9EFC9BFA35.text	03A187D5FFF1D95278D04E9EFC9BFA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ornebius alatus (Saussure 1877)	<div><p>Ornebius alatus (Saussure, 1877)</p><p>Calling song</p><p>A chirp that increases the interval between syllables throughout the emission. Overall, the signal presents phrases with 8.23 ± 2.32 (4.92–10.37) seconds and an interval between syllables of 0.16 ± 0.01 (0.143 –0.183) seconds. Each phrase comprises 29.5 ± 5.97 (21–35) syllables with a peak frequency of 6.13 ± 0.02 (6.11–6.15) kHz (Figures 17J and 18H).</p><p>Collection site</p><p>Porto Alegre, near the Parque Natural Municipal Saint-Hilaire. Only one male was collected. The individual was found in shrubs up to 50 cm in height, temperature of 24°C, at 10 am in February 2023.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is the first official publication of the species’ sound record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187D5FFF1D95278D04E9EFC9BFA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Acosta, Riuler C.;Timm, Vítor F.;Zefa, Edison;da Costa, Maria K. M.;Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Lopes, Dimitrius A. R.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Acosta, Riuler C., Timm, Vítor F., Zefa, Edison, da Costa, Maria K. M., Ruschel, Tatiana P., Lopes, Dimitrius A. R., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera). Journal of Natural History 59 (21 - 24): 1541-1589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2482670
