identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A787BDFB5FFFD9FF48BC8805784CA8.text	03A787BDFB5FFFD9FF48BC8805784CA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turanogryllus Tarbinsky 1940	<div><p>Genus  Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940</p><p>Table 1; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 8 (D–F), 9(D–F), 10(C&amp;D), 11A, 12(A–C)</p><p>Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940, Salt. Orthopt. Ins. Azerb. S. S. R., 19: 115. Randell, 1964, Canad. Ent. 1567, 1571; Chopard, 1967, Orth.Cat.: 34; Otte, 1987:324-32; Kim, 2012:141; Storozhenko, Kim and Jeon, 2015: Monograph of Korean  Orthoptera: 125.</p><p>Emended Diagnosis: As given by Chopard (1969) and Otte (1987). Harp on FW with 3–4 oblique veins</p><p>Head. Globular, ocelli in frontal view forming a triangle, middle area of ocelli, vertex and occiput dark brown in color, while frons and genae yellowish brown (Fig. 4E). Head much wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 4D). Face deeper than broad in frontal view (Fig. 4E). Occiput rounded in lateral view and with 6 yellow bands; of which, 2 broad marginal bands and middle 2 connected with thin yellow lines having inverted V-shape (Fig. 6C). Median ocellus ellipsoidal and larger than lateral ocelli. Fastigium is slightly convex or flat in dorsal view and twice wider than scape. Maxillary palpi yellowish; 3 rd and 4 th segment sub equal in length; 5 th segment longest with distal margin strongly slanting (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Pronotum. Lateral margin of pronotum straight and slight ascending posteriorly (Fig. 2C).</p><p>Wings. FW variable in length, not extending beyond the abdomen. HW may or may not be present; when present, longer than FW in both sexes. Mirror almost 1.5 times wider than long, anterior angle obtuse, harp with 3–4 oblique veins, diagonal vein either straight or S-shaped, apical field short to long. Lateral field of FW with 6–10 longitudinal veins. Legs: TI with 3 unequal apical spurs, TII with 4 apical spurs and TIII with 3 pairs of apical spurs.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic lobe with terminal finger-like process or styli, ectoparameres with strong serrations and made up of 2–3 lobes.</p><p>Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla sclerotized; posterior end with bulbous shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BDFB5FFFD9FF48BC8805784CA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Meena, Ashok Kumar;Gulati, Harsh;Swaminathan, Rajamani;Jaiswara, Ranjana	Meena, Ashok Kumar, Gulati, Harsh, Swaminathan, Rajamani, Jaiswara, Ranjana (2025): A new species of the genus, Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940 from India with redescription of T. pakistanus with data on acoustic signals (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 5601 (1): 46-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2
03A787BDFB5FFFDDFF48BFE800C64B38.text	03A787BDFB5FFFDDFF48BFE800C64B38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad 1959	<div><p>Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri &amp; Ahmad, 1959</p><p>Paragryllopsis pakistanus Ghouri &amp; Ahmad. 1959 . Pakist. Sc. Conf. Lahore 11:A48.</p><p>Paragryllopsis pakistanus Chopard. 1963 . Bull. Res. Council Israel B 11:169.</p><p>Turanogryllus pakistanus Chopard. 1967 . In Beier [Ed.]. Orthopterorum Catalogus 10:36.</p><p>Gryllopsis pakistanus Chopard [Ed.]. 1969. The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries i–xviii: 69, 70, 74 &amp; 75.</p><p>Turanogryllus jammuensis Bhowmik. 1985 . Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 73:42 Note: synonym [ pakistanus is the older name].</p><p>Turanogryllus jammuensis M. S. Shishodia, K. Chandra &amp; S.K. Gupta. 2010 . Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 314:225.</p><p>Material examined:</p><p>7 ♂ and 6 ♀. India: Chandigarh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.72884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.663712" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.72884/lat 30.663712)">Panjab University</a>, 30.7606° N, 76.7654° E collected and identified by R. Jaiswara, PU Chd.   1 ♂. [India], Rajasthan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.72884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.663712" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.72884/lat 30.663712)">Jaisalmer</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.72884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.663712" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.72884/lat 30.663712)">Polji ki dairy</a>, N26° 47.453’, E 070° 55.253’ collected and identified by Monaal.   1 ♂. [India], Rajasthan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.72884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.663712" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.72884/lat 30.663712)">NRCSS Ajmer</a>, 30° 39′49.36′′N 76° 43′ 43.83′′E collected by R. Nagar and identified by A.K. Meena  .</p><p>Emended Description. Body color light to dark brown (Fig. 2 &amp; 4). Head. Occiput with or without 6 yellow lines (Fig. 2A &amp; 4A). Median ocelli is oval shaped, somewhat similar to lateral ocelli in size that is circular in shape (Fig. 2E). Legs. TI with tympanum present on both sides; outer tympanum almost 4 times in size of inner tympanum, outer tympanum is oval in shape and inner tympanum is circular in shape. III with 6–8 outer and 7–9 inner sub-apical spurs getting longer apically. Forewing. FW shorter than abdomen or up to the length of abdomen; mirror angulated in front, round behind, much wider than long; divided by S-shaped vein, harp with 3 oblique veins, diagonal vein straight (Fig. 2C), stridulatory vein with 350–450 teeth (Fig. 10A), apical field long with 6–8 closely reticulated cell alignments (Fig. 2C); lateral field with 8–9 veins (Fig. 2D).</p><p>Male genitalia. Supra anal plate yellowish-brown (Fig. 2G), almost as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate deeply notched posteriorly upto one-third of length (Fig. 2H), as long as high in lateral view.</p><p>Genitalic parts are heavily sclerotized. Pseudepiphallus without median lobe, gap between lateral lobes deep, posterior end of lateral lobes bear long, slender styli, diverging from each other in dorsal view, in lateral view styli curved upwardly; inner side of lateral lobes and styli bear long setae. Anterior margin of pseudepiphallus slightly concave in the middle. Pseudepiphallic apodeme rather long. Pseudepiphallic paramere divided apically into long and short processes, in lateral view long processes is slightly longer than styli, with broad apical end and bears a small projection directed dorsally; short process with concave apical ends, meeting each other. Ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized. Ectophallic apodeme long and high in lateral view (Fig. 8E). Endophallic cavity distinct. Rami bifid on posterior end, bend on mid length.</p><p>Female Genitalia. Subgenital plate posterior margin notched (Fig. 9D–F). Copulatory papilla slender and lightly sclerotized as compared to  T. pandajhirensis sp. nov.</p><p>Bioacoustics</p><p>The calling song of  T. pakistanus is a trill type, composed of alternating low and high amplitude syllables (Fig. 12A). At 29°C, the low amplitude segment consists of 23 syllables with an average syllable duration (SD) of 9±1 ms and an average syllable period (SP) of 13±1 ms. The high-amplitude syllable has an average SD of 31±1 ms and an average SP of 339±2 ms. The dominant frequency of the calling song is 8.9 kHz, with an additional harmonic at 17.8 kHz.</p><p>Measurements (mm)</p><p>Body measurements of  T. pakistanus are given in Table 1.</p><p>Distribution: Asia-tropical, Indian subcontinent, India (West Himalaya, Jammu-Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh and Rajasthan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BDFB5FFFDDFF48BFE800C64B38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Meena, Ashok Kumar;Gulati, Harsh;Swaminathan, Rajamani;Jaiswara, Ranjana	Meena, Ashok Kumar, Gulati, Harsh, Swaminathan, Rajamani, Jaiswara, Ranjana (2025): A new species of the genus, Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940 from India with redescription of T. pakistanus with data on acoustic signals (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 5601 (1): 46-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2
03A787BDFB5BFFCAFF48B9A5046B4E37.text	03A787BDFB5BFFCAFF48B9A5046B4E37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turanogryllus pandajhirensis Jaiswara, Swaminathan, Monaal & Meena 2025	<div><p>Turanogryllus pandajhirensis Jaiswara, Swaminathan, Monaal &amp; Meena sp. nov.</p><p>Table 2; Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 (A–C), 9(A–C), 10(A&amp;B), 11B, 12(D–F)</p><p>Type locality:   India, Madhya Pradesh, Damoh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.58825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.359667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.58825/lat 23.359667)">Pandajhir</a> ~ 377 m a.s.l., N 23° 21.580, E 079° 35.295  .</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype, ♂, PU-OR-ENSIF 01, INDIA: Madhya Pradesh, Damoh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.58825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.359667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.58825/lat 23.359667)">Pandajhir</a> ~ 377 m a.s.l., N 23° 21.580, E 079° 35.295. Hand picking, 10.07.2022, Coll. Monaal.  Allotype, ♀, PU-OR-ENSIF 02, same data as holotype .   Paratypes, 2♂ (PU-OR-ENSIF 03 &amp; PU-OR-ENSIF 04), INDIA: Rajasthan, Barmer, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.75166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.75166/lat 25.9)">Baytu</a> ~ 164 m a.s.l., 25°54’0’’N, 71°45’6’’E. Light trap, 05.07.2022, Coll. A K Meena and  2♂ (PU-OR-ENSIF 05 &amp; PU-OR-ENSIF 06) same data as holotype .</p><p>Distribution. Known from type locality in Madhya Pradesh and its distribution in Rajasthan, India.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is named after the type locality Pandajhir of Madhya Pradesh.</p><p>Habitat.  T. pandajhirensis sp. nov. is currently known from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, India.</p><p>In Madhya Pradesh, the crickets were found in shrubs and open grasslands with no canopy cover. These habitats are characterized by direct sunlight and very less overhead vegetation, creating open and exposed environments. In Rajasthan all specimens of new species were collected in the CFL light at evening time.</p><p>Diagnosis: Size larger than  T. pakistanus; blackish brown with DD rufous-brown patch (Fig. 5 &amp; 6). Pronotum strongly narrows anteriorly (Fig. 5C). FW mirror divided by a curved vein; diagonal vein curved; harp with four Sshaped oblique veins; apical field composed of relaxed reticulation and 4 cell alignment (Fig. 5G). Pseudepiphallus with a very short median lobe; lateral lobes converging towards each other, pseudepiphallic apodeme distinctly long; ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized not reaching the posterior margin of pseudeiphallic epiphallus, ectophallic apodeme long and very high in lateral view (Fig. 8A–C).</p><p>Description: Head. Head globose, shining black above, occiput without any yellow lines (Fig. 5A). Eyes large and globular (Fig. 5C &amp; D). Face pale yellow, longer than wide in frontal view (Fig. 7C). Median ocellus oval (Fig. 7C). Fastigium is slightly curved in the dorsal view and is 2 times wider than scape. Maxillary palpi long, pale yellow (Fig. 6F); 3 rd and 4 th segment subequal; 5 th segment longest, obliquely truncated from one-third of length. Pronotum. Pronotum black mottled with chestnut brown; narrowing anteriorly, anterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 5C), posterior margin straight LL pale yellow, lateral margin straight (Fig. 5D). Legs. TI with oval tympanum present on both sides; outer tympanum much larger than inner. TI with 3 unequal apical spurs. TII with 4 apical spurs. TIII not serrulated; with 6 outer and 5 inner sub-apical spurs and 3 pairs of apical spurs. Basitarsomeres III higher than wide, furrowed dorsally; with two rows of strong dorsal spines, getting stronger toward apex. Males. FWs either slightly shorter than abdomen or slightly extending beyond abdomen; mirror almost twice wider than longer, divided by a curve vein anterior and posterior angle obtuse; harp traversed by 4 oblique veins, diagonal vein curved (Fig. 5G). Chord veins well separated; stridulatory file with approximately 220 teeth (Fig. 10A), apical field variable. Lateral field whitish, with 7–8 longitudinal veins. HWs when present extended beyond the abdomen (Fig. 7A). Genitalia. Supra-anal plate yellowish-brown (Fig. 5H), almost as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate deeply notched posteriorly upto one-third of length (Fig. 5E), as long as high in lateral view (Fig. 5F). Genitalic parts are heavily sclerotized. Pseudepiphallus with a very short median lobe, posterior end of lateral lobes bear stout styli, converging towards each other in dorsal view, in lateral view styli directed upwardly; inner side of lateral lobes and styli bears long setae. Anterior margin of pseudepiphallus convex. Pseudepiphallic apodeme distinctly long. Pseudepiphallic paramere divided apically into long and short processes, in lateral view long processes is slightly longer than styli, with broad apical end and bears a small projection directed dorsally; short process inner lobe with denticulated apical ends, meeting each other; outer lobe longer and minutely serrated. Ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized not reaching the posterior margin of pseudeiphallic epiphallus. Ectophallic apodeme long and very high in lateral view (Fig. 8B). Endophallic cavity distinct. Rami bifid on posterior end, bend on mid length.</p><p>Female. Head, pronotum and legs as in males. FW separated and very short, limited up to the first abdominal segment (Fig. 6C), dorsal field blackish brown with 5 longitudinal veins (Fig. 6C); lateral field light brown with 4 longitudinal veins (Fig. 6F). G enitalia. Subgenital plate elongate, posterior margin deeply notched (Fig. 6G). Copulatory papilla strongly sclerotized compared to  T. pakistanus .</p><p>Bioacoustics</p><p>The calling song of  Turanogryllus pandajhirensis sp. nov. is trill type, composed of a continuous sequence of equally spaced syllables (Fig. 12D). At 28.5°C, the average syllable period (SP) is 32±1ms, syllable duration (SD) 25±1ms. The dominant frequency of the calling song is 6.8 kHz with first and second harmonic at 13.6 kHz and 20.1 kHz.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BDFB5BFFCAFF48B9A5046B4E37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Meena, Ashok Kumar;Gulati, Harsh;Swaminathan, Rajamani;Jaiswara, Ranjana	Meena, Ashok Kumar, Gulati, Harsh, Swaminathan, Rajamani, Jaiswara, Ranjana (2025): A new species of the genus, Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940 from India with redescription of T. pakistanus with data on acoustic signals (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 5601 (1): 46-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2
