identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A65761F2008B446136F8996A79B0F7.text	03A65761F2008B446136F8996A79B0F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indumentum	<div><p>Indumentum</p><p>Most of the species are glabrous or have in various parts an indumentum of mainly simple hairs. Only J. gossypiifolia has long and very distinct glandular trichomes all over the plant, which come in two types, branching trichomes with an elongated glandular head or mushroom-like, non-branching ones with a broad, horizontal glandular, capitate head.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F2008B446136F8996A79B0F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2018B466136FF7C6912B0F7.text	03A65761F2018B466136FF7C6912B0F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha	<div><p>Jatropha L.</p><p>Jatropha L. (1753) 1006; (1754) 437; A.Juss (1824) 37; Baill. (1858) 294; Miq. (1859) 391; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1076; Kurz (1877) 402; Benth. (1880) 290; Hook.f. (1887) 382; Pax (1910) 21; Gagnep. (1926) 323; Pax &amp; K.Hoffm. (1931) 160; McVaugh (1945) 271; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1963) 494; Airy Shaw (1972) 283; (1975) 137; Dehgan &amp; G.L.Webster (1979) 1; Airy Shaw (1982) 25; Grierson &amp; D.G.Long (1987) 790; Radcl.-Sm. (1987) 343; G.L. Webster (1994) 103; Philcox (1997) 83; Govaerts et al. (2000) 1017; Radcl.-Sm. (2001) 288; Chantharaprasong &amp; Welzen (2007) 343;Li Bingtao &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 268; G.L. Webster (2014) 125; Fern. Casas (2016) 2. ― Jatropha L. subg. Jatropha subsect. Jatropha: Dehgan &amp; G.L.Webster (1979) 39. ― Conserved type (Wiersema et al. 2015: 238): Jatropha gossypiifolia L.</p><p>Curcas Adans. (1763) 356; Baill. (1858) 313; Britton &amp; Millsp. (1920) 224. ― Curcas Adans. sect. Eucurcas Baill. (1858) 314, nom. inval. ― Type: Jatropha curcas L. (Adanson did not provide a species name,the combina- tion Curcas adansonii Endl. ex Heynh. was made later).</p><p>Castiglionia Ruiz &amp; Pav.(1794) 139. ― Type: Castiglionia lobata Ruiz &amp; Pav. [= Jatropha curcas L.]</p><p>Mozinna Ortega (1798) 104;A.Juss. (1824) 35; Hook. (1841) t. 357. ― Curcas Adans. sect. Mozinna (Ortega) Baill. (1858) 315. ― Type: Mozinna spathulata Ortega [= Jatropha dioica Sessé].</p><p>Loureira Cav. (1799) 17. ― Lectotype (designated by Dehgan &amp; Webster 1979: 47): Loureira glandulifera Cav. [= Mozinna cordata Ortega = Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll.Arg.].</p><p>Adenoropium Pohl (1827) 12. ― Jatropha L. sect. Adenorhopium (Pohl) Griseb (1859) 36; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1082; Benth. (1880) 291. ― Lectotype (designated by Dehgan &amp; Webster 1979:39): Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl [= Jatropha gossypiifolia L.].</p><p>Zimapania Engl. &amp; Pax (1891) 119. ― Type: Zimapania schiedeana Engl. &amp; Pax [= Jatropha dioica Sessé].</p><p>Collenucia Chiov. (1929) 177. ― Type: Collenucia paradoxa Chiov. [= Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.].</p><p>(Description based on Malesian species only) Large herbs to shrubs to treelets, monoecious, protogynous; taproot thick, long. Indumentum absent, of simple hairs or glandular. Stipules distinct or not, simple or split multiple times. Leaves simple, alternate, eglandular except sometimes for hairs; petioles not pulvinate; blades often palmately lobed to -partite with lobed segments, margin entire to undulate to finely serrate, with simple and glandular hairs on tips when serrate; venation at least basally palmate, bronchidodromous, anastomosing, veinlets reticulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, cymose, often corymbiform, with a pistillate flower ending every primary branch, more lateral flowers staminate; bracts elliptic or triangular, sometimes narrow, margin entire to serrate, becoming smaller upwards. Flowers unisexual, 5-merous, actinomorphic;sepals 5, often basally united, imbricate; petals 5, free or adnate, contort, glabrous, but in some species (partly) hairy inside; disc glands 5, alternating with the petals. Staminate flowers: sepal margin serrate to entire; petal margin entire; stamens 8 or 10 in two whorls, outer 5, inner 5 or 3, filaments free or partly united (especially inner whorl) in an androphore, anthers (narrowly) elliptical to triangular, (dorsi)basifixed, opening latrorse to extrorse via lengthwise slits, 2-thecate, these basally hardly to distinctly divaricate; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals, petals and disc glands like in staminate flower, ovary (2–)3(–4)-locular, with a single ovule per locule; style short, stigmas 3, often resembling anthers and usually divided into a narrow unreceptive part (filament-like) and a receptive, almost completely split, broadened and thickened part (anther-like). Fruits globular to ellipsoid, capsular, slightly 3-lobed, dehiscing either only septicidally, only loculicidally or completely septicidally and partly loculicidally; wall thin, at most c. 1 mm thick. Seeds glabrous; caruncle 2- to multifid.</p><p>Distribution ― According to Govaerts et al. (2000) a genus of c. 190 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas (incl. Caribbean), Africa (incl. Madagascar) up to India. Several species are introduced throughout the tropics worldwide, five species cultivated in Malesia, often escaping and possibly invasive.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F2018B466136FF7C6912B0F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2058B426136FBC26C01B70C.text	03A65761F2058B426136FBC26C01B70C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha gossypiifolia	<div><p>2. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. ― Fig. 1e–l, 3; Map 2</p><p>Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (1753) 1006 (‘ gossypifolia ’); Müll.Arg. (1866) 1086; Hook.f.(1887) 383 (‘ gossypifolia ’); Pax (1910) 26;Merr.(1923) 449;Gagnep (1926) 326; McVaugh (1945) 281, f. 13,18; Corner (1951) 260, text-fig.83; Backer &amp; Bakh.f.(1963) 494; Airy Shaw (1972) 283; (1975) 137; (1982) 25; Radcl.-Sm. (1987) 354; Philcox (1997) 83; Chantharaprasong &amp; Welzen (2007) 346, f. 11E–L; Fern. Casas (2016) 18, f. 5-8, map 2. ― Manihot gossypiifolia (L.) Crantz (1766) 167 (‘ gossypifolia ’). ― Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl (1827) 16 (‘gossypifolium ’). ― Conserved type (Wiersema et al. 2015: 395): Linnean Herbarium no. 1141.1 (LINN).</p><p>Jatropha staphysagriifolia Mill. (1768) under Jatropha, no. 9 (‘ staphysagrifolia ’). ― Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. staphysagriifolia (Mill.) Müll.Arg. (1866) 1087 (‘ staphysagriaefolia ’), nom. illeg. (autonym rule). ― Type: Not indicated.</p><p>Adenoropium elegans Pohl (1827) 15. ― Jatropha elegans (Pohl) Klotzsch (1853) 102. ― Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Müll.Arg. (1866) 1087; Pax (1910) 26; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1963) 494; Philcox (1997) 83. ― Type: Von Martius s.n. (holo M; iso L, barcode L 0034540), Brasilia, Villam dos Ilhéos, Capitaniae Bahiae.</p><p>Adenoropium jacquinii Pohl (1827) 15. ― Jatropha jacquinii (Pohl) Baill. (1864) 268. ― Type: Not indicated.</p><p>Jatropha glandulifera auct. non Roxb.: Kurz (1877) 403.</p><p>See www.ipni.org or www.theplantlist.org for more infraspecific names synonymous with var. gossypiifolia .</p><p>(Herbs to) shrubs to treelets, at least up to 5 m high, up to 12 cm diam, branching, succulent; flowering branches 1.5–8 mm diam, round, with branching glandular hairs, especially when young, often dark maroon. Outer bark thin, finely pustular-lenti- cellate to smooth, grey; sap thin, greyish or whitish. Indumentum of simple, white, long hirsute hairs and branching glandular trichomes with elongated heads and non-branching glandular mushroom-shaped trichomes, glandular hairs with dark maroon stalk and yellow head. Stipules dissected and appearing as a band of branching glandular trichomes (a similar band is also present with the bracts). Leaves: petiole 2–15.5 cm long, 1–2 mm diam, basally thickened, round but above flat to grooved, upper surface with hirsute hairs and along ridges branched glandular hairs, maroon; blade ovate, 3–5-palmatifid, 2–12.5 by 2.5–16 cm, 0.6–0.9 times as long as wide, base rounded to slightly emarginate, margin subentire to finely, shallowly serrate, teeth ending in unbranched glandular trichomes, ciliate with hirsute hairs, apex of central lobe obtuse to acuminate, lobes usually obovate, basally united, surfaces often showing small glands (hydatodes?), upper surface glossy dark green to brownish, often, especially when young, with hirsute hairs along major veins, lower surface light green to completely red when young, glabrous; venation palmate, with 7 basal veins of which central 3 or 5 more developed, nerves in central lobe 8–14 pairs, anastomosing and looped near margin except for basal one which ends in sinus between lobes. Inflorescences compound subterminal cymes, erect to erecto-patent, up to 16.5 cm long, laxly hirsute, green to maroon; peduncle 2.5–20 cm long, 1–3 mm wide; rachis 0.9–7 cm long; cymes with central flowers pistillate, staminate flowers along branches; bracts elliptic, basal ones 10–19 by 2–4 mm, indument and basal structures like leaves and stipules, respectively. Flowers cup-shaped; pedicel 2–10 mm long, with simple hairs, subapical abscission zone; sepals free, ovate to elliptic to obovate, green to maroon, margin serrate with simple hairs and teeth ending in a glandular hair, apex cuspidate; petals obovate, apex rounded, maroon with light green to yellow basal part. Staminate flowers c. 6 mm diam; sepals c. 4 by 1.2 mm; petals c. 4.5 by 2.5 mm; disc lobes obtrapezoid, convex, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm; stamens 8, 5 in outer whorl, 3 united in inner whorl, outer almost free, with free filament part c. 1.2 mm long, yellow-red, androphore c. 2.5 mm long, light green, anthers triangular, 0.5–0.6 by 0.5–0.6 mm, orange-red, especially inner ones basally divaricating, dorsibasifixed, latrorse opening. Pistillate flowers 4.5–6 mm diam; sepals 4.5–6 by 2–2.5 mm; petals c. 5 by 3 mm, caducous; disc lobes ± rectangular, c. 1 by 0.5 mm, thick; ovary ovoid 1.5–3 by 1.3–3 mm, 6-ribbed, green, few hairs, style absent to very short, c. 0.1 mm long; stigmas light green, with unreceptive lower part c. 1 mm long, apically receptive part thickened, split, U-shaped, 0.6–0.8 mm long. Fruits oblong, slightly 3-lobed, 8–12 by 7–11.5 mm, pendant, sparingly hirsute to subglabrous, dehiscing completely septicidally and partly loculicidally, shiny green when immature; wall c. 0.5 mm thick; columella 6.3–8.5 mm long, narrowly T-shaped, very slender. Seeds somewhat dorsiventrally compressed-ellipsoid, 8–8.5 by 4.5–5 by 3–4 mm; caruncle multifid, exceeding the seed apex.</p><p>Distribution ― Mexico to N South America and Caribbean Islands, introduced and established throughout Malesia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology ― Wet areas like swamps, coast, littoral and sublittoral, gradually sloping reef flats, and damaged mangrove ecotone, but also secondary forest, lowland savannah, grassy plains, wasteland, road sides, usually open areas in general. Soil: sandy loam, (white-)sand, loam, clay, rocky clay loam, often siltish; bedrock: granite, limestone. Altitude: sea-level up to 750 m. Flowering and fruiting: throughout the year.</p><p>Vernacular names ― Malay Peninsula (mainly after Corner 1951): Jarak, Jarak beremah, Jarak hitam, Jarak kling, Jarak merah (Malay). Java: Djarak, Djarak kosta, Djarak tjina. Philippines (mainly after Merrill 1923): Balautandoiong, Tagum- bau-a-nalabága, Taua-tauá (Ilóko); Bongalon (Tagbanua); Lansi-lanináan (Tagálog); Túba-sa-buáia (Bíkol); Tuba-túba (Panay Bisáya, Cebu Bisáya). Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores: Waru-wégé (Takatunga, Ngadha); Timor: Damar merah; Pauk op na (Dawan); Alor: Arangfai, Iwang bawiw, Train kenanagar. Cotton-leaved physic-nut (English).</p><p>Uses (after Burkill 1935, Heyne 1950) ― Ornamental plant, planted in hedges. Medicinally used against diarrhea. A swal- lowing of a decoction of 7–21 leaves works as a remedy for dry belly-ache. Seeds are used criminally as a poison, but also as a purgative; seed oil used as lamp oil, useful in treating leprosy.</p><p>Note ― If a subdivision of this somewhat variable species is desirable, then the specimens in Malesia are generally regarded as belonging to var. elegans .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F2058B426136FBC26C01B70C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2078B4C6137F8936D20B448.text	03A65761F2078B4C6137F8936D20B448.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha integerrima Jacq.	<div><p>3. Jatropha integerrima Jacq. ― Fig. 1b, 4; Map 3</p><p>Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (1760) 32; (1763) 256, t. 183, f. 47; Pax (1910) 50; McVaugh (1945) 274, f. 5, 6, 12, 16, 21, 22; Airy Shaw (1972) 284; (1982) 25;Radcl.-Sm.(1987) 353; Chantharaprasong &amp; Welzen (2007) 347, f. 11B, pl. XIX-2; Fern. Casas (2016) 28, f. 9-13, map 3. ― Adenoropium integerrimum (Jacq.) Pohl (1827) 14. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. (1850) 207, nom. superfl.; Müll.Arg. in DC. (1866) 1094. ― Type: Not indicated.</p><p>Jatropha hastata Jacq. (1760) 32; (1763) 256, t. 173, f. 54; Pax (1910) 51; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1963) 494. ― Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britton &amp; P.Wilson (1924) 485. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq. var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg (1976) 102. ― Lectotype (designated here): Jacquin s.n. (BM).</p><p>d</p><p>g</p><p>Jatropha acuminata Desr. (1797) 8; Vent. (1803) t. 52. ― Type: Herb. de Jussieu s.n. (holo P-JU; IDC microfiche 6206, box 31, fiche 1194, no. 20), Saint Domingue (Santo Domingo).</p><p>Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews (1802) t. 267 (‘ panduraefolia ’); Pax (1910) 49; Gagnep.(1926) 326. ― Adenoropium pandurifolium (Andrews) Pohl (1827) 14. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. var. pandurifolia (Andrews) M. Gómez (1894) 51. ― Type: Andrews (1802) t. 267.</p><p>Jatropha coccinea Link (1822) 406. ― Adenoropium coccinea (Link) Steud. (1840) 799, in synonymy (‘ coccineum ’). ― Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews var. coccinea (Link) Pax (1910) 50,f. 19b. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq.var. coccinea (Link) N.P.Balakr. (1980, publ.1982) 176. ― Type:Not indicated, Hort. Cels. (= Garden of J.M. Cels).</p><p>Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb. (1865) 170; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1095; Pax (1910) 51. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. var. pauciflora (C.Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez (1894) 51. ― Type: C. Wright 1954 (holo GOET; iso BM, BREM s.n., G-DC, GH, HAC [3], K, MO, NY, P, US [2x], YU), Cuba.</p><p>Jatropha moluensis Sessé &amp; Moc. (1894) 224. ― Type: Not indicated (MA? n.v.), [Cuba,] Havana.</p><p>Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews var. latifolia Pax (1910) 50,f. 19a. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq. var. latifolia (Pax) N.P.Balakr. (1980, publ. 1982) 176. ― Lectotype (designated here): Pr. de la Sagra 595 (holo W), Cuba, cultivated in gardens in Havana.</p><p>Jatropha glaucovirens Pax (1910) 51. ― Type: A.H.Curtiss 458 (holo B? lost; iso A, BM,G [2x], GH, HAC, K,L, M), [Cuba,] Isla de Pinos,Nueva Gerona.</p><p>Shrubs to treelets, at least up to 8 m high, stem up to 10 cm diam, somewhat succulent; flowering branches 2–3 mm diam, hairy, glabrescent. Outer bark dark grey, fairly smooth; exudate white (one label). Indumentum of simple, pilose hairs, present on most parts. Stipules triangular, 1.3–1.5 by 0.5–0.7 mm, caducous, often with basal lobe, latter sometimes separate. Leaves: petiole 0.8–7.5 cm long, diam c. 1 mm, round in transverse section, but flat to slightly grooved above, especially hairy above, basally thickened, light green; lamina ovate to most often obovate, 5.2–12 by 3.4–7.5 cm, 1.3–2.6 times longer than wide, papyraceous, basally rounded to somewhat emarginate, often with two glandular extensions, margin entire except basally several triangular mini-lobes ending in a gland, apex acuminate to cuspate, dark green above, usually hairy on venation, dull green below, glabrous; venation basally 7-palmate, but midrib and next two veins strongest, latter ending over blade half, more terminally pinnate with 5–12 veins per side. Inflorescences compound dichasia with central flower(s) pistillate, erect, subterminal, up to 15 cm long; peduncle 4.5–12.7 cm long, diam c. 1.5 mm; basal bract elliptic, up to 8 by 1 mm, with stipule-like basal extensions, upper bracts usually triangular, c. 3 by 1 mm, becoming smaller upwards, margin serrate with gland on top of the teeth, apex acute. Flowers: pedicels 5 –8 mm long, apically (and often also basally) an abscission zone; calyx lobes basally connate, lobes triangular to ovate, basally green, rest dark red, glabrous; petals free, obovate, dark red. Staminate flowers c. 16 mm diam, lobes ovate, 2–3 by 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex round; petals 9–24 by 5–10 mm, curved backwards, apex slightly emarginate to round, basally hairy inside, rest glabrous; disc lobes ± square, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm; stamens 10, in 2 whorls of 5, glabrous, androphore 4.5–5 mm long; free part of filaments 2.3–4 mm long, anthers narrowly triangular, 2–2.5 by c. 0.7 mm, basally slightly divaricate, dorsibasifixed, opening latrorse, connective with appendix. Pistillate flowers c. 20 mm diam: lobes 1.5–3.7 by 1.1–2 mm, margin (entire to) serrate with glands, apex acute; petals 10–13 by 5–6 mm, apex emarginate to rounded, glabrous; disc lobes rectangular, c. 1 by 0.5 mm; ovary ellipsoid, 2.5–5 by 2–3 mm, glabrous, green, style 0.8–1 mm long; stigmas 4.2–5 mm long, red, bifid in upper 2.4–2.5 mm, flattened and in some broadened. Fruits oblong, c. 1 by 1 cm, dehiscing septicidally, smooth, green; wall c. 1 mm thick; columella T-shaped, c. 9 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 8 by 3 mm.</p><p>Distribution ― Caribbean Islands (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti), introduced in Malesia (Java, Philippines, Celebes).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology ― Secondary forest, along trail in lowland mixed forest; soil: brownish clay, clay-loam. Altitude: sea-level to 4 m. Flowering: January, February, April, May, August, De- cember.</p><p>Uses ― Ornamental because of relative large orange-red flowers in red inflorescences.</p><p>Note ― This species is very variable in the shape of the leaf blade. The form most encountered is obovate to somewhat panduriform, but in the Philippines the blades are ovate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F2078B4C6137F8936D20B448	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2098B4E6137FBDF6BA3B28D.text	03A65761F2098B4E6137FBDF6BA3B28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha multifida	<div><p>4. Jatropha multifida L. ― Fig. 1c, 5, 6; Map 4</p><p>Jatropha multifida L. (1753) 1006; Miq. (1859) 392; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1089; Kurz (1877) 403; Hook.f. (1887) 383; Pax (1910) 40, f. 13; Merr. (1923) 449; Gagnep. (1926) 325; McVaugh (1945) 277; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1963) 494; Airy Shaw (1972) 284; Radcl.-Sm. (1987) 354; Grierson &amp; D.G.Long (1987) 790; Chantharaprasong &amp; Welzen (2007) 347, f. 11C; Li Bingtao &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 269;Fern. Casas (2016) 37,f. 14-17, map 4. ― Manihot multifida (L.) Crantz (1766) 167. ― Adenoropium multifidum (L.) Pohl (1827) 16. ― Lectotype (designated by Radcliffe-Smith 1987): t. 173 (f. 213), opposite p. 218 in Dillenius, Hortus Elthamensis (1732),America meridionali (S America).</p><p>e c c d d a d f g b</p><p>Jatropha janipha Blanco (non L., non Lour.) (1837) 758; (1845) 521; (1879) 159, t. 342; Merr. (1918) 229. ― Neotype (designated here after Merrill 1918): Merrill Species Blancoanae 625 (holo L), Philippines, Luzon, Manila.</p><p>Shrubs, at least up to 2.5 m tall, branches somewhat succulent; flowering branches 5–9 mm diam. Outer bark greyish with green-brown lenticels. Indumentum absent. Stipules dissected in many flagelliform parts of 15–20 by 0.1–0.2 mm. Leaves palmatisect; petiole 4–27 cm long, 1–5 mm diam, round but flattened to somewhat grooved above, basally thickened; blade almost circular in circumference, 14–34 by 12–30 cm, base cordate; lobes (6–)9–11(–13), elliptic, 4.5–17 by 0.7–8 cm, margin entire but with 1 or more small, triangular, alternate side-lobes, slightly constricted above side-lobes, apex gradually acute; palmately nerved, with along midrib up to 21 pairs of nerves. Inflorescences subterminal, cymose, corymbiform, erect, up to 30 cm long; peduncle up to 26 cm long, 2–3 mm wide; rachis 4–21 mm long; central flower pistillate, others staminate; bracts narrowly triangular, 2–4 by 0.5–1 mm, often folded lengthwise, margin usually with a few side-lobe-like initiations, apex acuminate, upwards becoming smaller. Flowers c. 6 mm diam, all parts red or orange; pedicels 3–7 mm long; calyx c. 3 mm wide and long, margin entire; petals obovate, contort, apex emarginate to obtuse. Staminate flowers: calyx lobes c. 1 by 1–1.2 mm, apex emarginate to rounded; petals 4–5.8 by 2.5–3 mm; disc glands ± square, c. 0.4 by 0.4 mm; stamens 8, 5 in outer and 3 in inner whorl, free, filaments 2.5–3 mm long, anthers with parallel thecae, 2–2.5 by 0.4–0.7 mm, basifixed, opening extrorse. Pistillate flowers: calyx lobes triangular, c. 2 by 1 mm, apex acute; petals c. 4 by 2.5 mm; disc glands present; ovary ovoid, style short to absent, stigmas short and thick. Fruits irregularly shaped, shape dependent on number of developed seeds, c. 3 by 2 cm, containing 1–3 seeds, dehiscence septicidal, yellow; wall c. 0.5 mm thick; columella not seen. Seeds sub-ellipsoid, 17.5–20 by 15–17 by 12–13.5 mm.</p><p>Distribution ― S North America, central and N South America, introduced in Malesia (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Philippines).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology ― Hill slopes, cultivated within human settlements. Altitude: up to 700 m. Flowering: March, April, May; fruiting: April.</p><p>Vernacular names ― Malay Peninsula: Hubiq (Semelai). Philippines (Merrill 1923): Apio (Visaya); Tubang-amerikáno (Bíkol); Maná (Spanish). Dutch: Koraalboom (coral tree).</p><p>Uses (after Burkill 1935, Heyne 1950) ― Ornamental plant of which the young leaves and tubers can be eaten after roasting; older leaves can act as purgative. Seeds are medicinally used as purgative and criminal poisoning due to cathartic properties; oil used as lamp oil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F2098B4E6137FBDF6BA3B28D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F20B8B4B6137FD136C5EB425.text	03A65761F20B8B4B6137FD136C5EB425.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha podagrica Hook.	<div><p>5. Jatropha podagrica Hook. ― Fig. 1d, 7, 8; Map 4</p><p>Jatropha podagrica Hook.(1848) t. 4376;Müll.Arg.(1866) 1093; Pax (1910) 44; Merr. (1923) 450; McVaugh (1945) 277; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1963) 494; Airy Shaw (1972) 284;Radcl.-Sm.(1987) 355; Chantharaprasong &amp; Welzen (2007) 348,f. 11D; Li Bingtao &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 268;Fern. Casas (2016) 49, f. 18-22, map 5. ― Type (see Radcliffe-Smith 1987): Seemann s.n. (BM n.v.), Panama, Santa Marta.</p><p>Shrubs, up to 70(–150) cm high, not or hardly branching, basal stem very thickened, succulent, flask-like, on top a more slender apical branch (or lower on basal part side-branches); flowering branches c. 1 cm diam. Bark grey and green; watery to slightly white sap. Indumentum absent. Stipules dissected in slip-like lobes of c. 4 mm wide. Leaves: petiole 16.5–35 cm long, c. 0.5 cm diam, round, hollow; blade ovate, c. 15–28 by 17–31 cm, 5-lobed, lobes less than 1/3rd of blade, base 4.5–7.5 cm peltate, margin entire, dark green above, pale light greenish greyish below; lobes obovate, apices broadly acute to acuminate; venation palmate, slightly raised on top, 7 veins originating from base, nerves 4–10 pairs per lobe. Inflorescences compound cymes, corymbiform; peduncle 34–43 cm long, red, cymes with basally the central flowers pistillate, on the branches staminate flowers; rachis 3–40 mm high; bracts ovate, 1–3 by 0.8–2 mm, apex acuminate, becoming smaller upwards. Flowers: pedicel with apically an abscission zone; sepals and petals red. Staminate flowers: pedicel 2 – 5 mm long; calyx lobes 1.4–1.5 by 0.8–1 mm, apex rounded; petals obovate, c. 6.5 by 1.6 mm, margin entire, apex rounded; disc glands thick, ± square, c. 0.3 by 0.3 mm; stamens 8, 5 in outer whorl, 3 in inner whorl, filaments free, c. 4 mm long, anthers with parallel thecae, c. 2.5 by 0.8 mm, basifixed, opening latro-extrorse, pollen orange. Pistillate flowers subsessile; sepals free, triangular, c. 1.5 by 1.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals early caducous, not seen; disc glands like staminate flowers; ovary ellipsoid, c. 5 by 3 mm, style nearly absent; stigmas: unreceptive basal part c. 1 mm long, receptive part c. 1.2 mm long, almost completely split, U-shaped. Fruits flattened, depressed globular, c. 11 by 7 mm, glabrous, opening septicidally and partly loculicidally; wall c. 0.3 mm thick; columella c. 10 mm long, apically thickened, not T-shaped. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 9 by 4 mm; caruncle c. 1.5 by 2 mm.</p><p>Distribution ― Central America and Caribbean Islands. Introduced in Malesia as ornamental, occurring in the Philippines, naturalized in the Caroline Islands (Koror Island).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology ― On the Caroline Islands common in thickets around houses, in the Philippines and Thailand only planted; granite bedrock. Altitude: sea-level up to 350 m. Flowering: February– April, July,August, October; fruiting: February, March, July, August, October .</p><p>Uses ― Garden ornamental, potential to escape cultivation, not considered a dangerous invasive in the Caroline Islands. Young leaves and tubers can be eaten, but not raw.</p><p>Acknowledgments The directors and keepers of the various herbaria mentioned under the types are thanked for information and/or pictures of the type specimens. The reviewers and editor are thanked for their very helpful suggestions.Anita Walsmit Sachs,José María Pizarro Domínguez and Juan Luis Castillo Gorroño made the beautiful drawings.Jan-Frits Veldkamp gave advice on nomenclature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A65761F20B8B4B6137FD136C5EB425	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	van Welzen, P. C.;Sweet, F. S. T.;Fernández-Casas, F. J.	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
