identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D879C5F56FF904ABEA084FCFF186A.text	039D879C5F56FF904ABEA084FCFF186A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi 2013	<div><p>Zigrasimecia Barden &amp; Grimaldi, 2013</p><p>List of species and characteristics of the holotype material</p><p>1. Zigrasimecia tonsora Barden &amp; Grimaldi, 2013, holotype: JZC Bu-159, dealate female. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~100 Myr old) (type species) .</p><p>2. Zigrasimecia ferox Perrichot, 2014, holotype: JWJ-Bu18a, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>3. Zigrasimecia hoelldobleri Cao, Boudinot &amp; Gao, 2020, holotype: CNU-HYM-MA2019053, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>4. Zigrasimecia goldingot Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng &amp; Liu, 2022, holotype: YKLP-AMB-001, alate female. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>5. Zigrasimecia boudinoti Chaul, 2023, holotype: ANTWEB1032623, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>6. Zigrasimecia caohuijiae Chaul, 2023, holotype: ANTWEB1041055, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>7. Zigrasimecia chuyangsui Chaul, 2023, holotype: ANTWEB1032660, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>8. Zigrasimecia perrichoti Chaul, 2023, holotype: UFV- LABECOL-010301, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>9. Zigrasimecia thate Chaul, 2023, holotype: ANTWEB1038912, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>10. Zigrasimecia zui Zhuang, Liu &amp; Ran, 2023, holotype: YKLP-AMB-005, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>11. Zigrasimecia bellator sp. nov., holotype: NIGP206540, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>12. Zigrasimecia sinusoidal sp. nov., holotype: YKLP- AMB-011, worker. Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old) .</p><p>List of published alate specimens</p><p>1. CNU-HYM-MA2019055, alate female, Zigrasimecia sp. (Cao et al. 2020a). Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old).</p><p>2. CNU-HYM-MA2019056, alate female, Zigrasimecia ferox (Cao et al. 2020b) . Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old).</p><p>3. YKLP-AMB-001, alate female, Zigrasimecia goldingot (Zhuang et al. 2022a) . Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old).</p><p>4. YKLP-AMB-003, alate female, Zigrasimecia sp. (Zhuang et al. 2022b; without line drawing). Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old).</p><p>5. YKLP-AMB-006, alate female, Zigrasimecia sp. (Zhuang et al. 2024). Myanmar (Kachin amber, ~98.79 Myr old).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D879C5F56FF904ABEA084FCFF186A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhuang, Yuhui;Jouault, Corentin;Perrichot, Vincent;Wang, Bo;Liu, Yu;Zhang, Qingqing	Zhuang, Yuhui, Jouault, Corentin, Perrichot, Vincent, Wang, Bo, Liu, Yu, Zhang, Qingqing (2025): Unveiling the diversity of iron maiden ants: morphological insights from two new Cretaceous species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (2), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044
039D879C5F55FF904828A02DFA401B15.text	039D879C5F55FF904828A02DFA401B15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zigrasimecia bellator Zhuang & Jouault & Perrichot & Wang & Liu & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Zigrasimecia bellator sp.nov.</p><p>Etymology: ‘ Bellator ’ is a Latin word that means warrior or fighter. In the context of this ant, it is likely to refer to its combat prowess, particularly owing to its armoured face, which suggests an adaptation for aggressive encounters.</p><p>Material: Holotype NIGP206540, worker.</p><p>Type locality and stratigraphy: Noije Bum Hill, Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, northern Myanmar; upper Albian–lower Cenomanian (~98.79 ± 0.62 Mya) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Large species. Head inverted trapezoidal shape in frontal view. Frontal carinae extending to the posterior margin of the eyes. Regular and hair-like setae developed on both sides of clypeus. Mandible well developed, right-angled. Mesosoma and abdomen smooth, without obvious setae. Mesosoma highly compact. Abdomen long, about half the length of the body.</p><p>Description: Holotype worker (Figs 1, 2). Measurements (Length and width in millimetres): HWed, 0.71; HWev, 0.68; HL, 0.66; EWI, 0.13; ON, ~200; HD, 0.60; ML, 1.06; PetAFL, 0.31; Ptg3L, 0.46; Ptg3H, 0.26; Ptg4L, 0.62; PnLi, 0.51; PnWa, 0.45; TL, 3.12; MnL, 0.31; HPI, 0.84; HSI, 0.59; Ptg3I, 1.78.</p><p>Head: In front view, head rectangular and smooth. Compound eyes round in lateral view, ~200 ommatidia. Ocelli absent.</p><p>Frontal carinae developed, extending to the posterior margin of the eyes. Antenna slender, with 12 flagellomeres. Each flagellomere with short setae. Pedicel very short, obviously shorter than flagellomere III. Flagellomere VI to flagellomere XI almost equal in length, shorter than flagellomere XII. Clypeus covered by regular and fine hair-like setae in both sides; these setae develop bilaterally and relatively parallel to each other on the same side. Short setae in the mid clypeus. Clypeal denticles cylindrical, long and dense. Mandible broad, almost right-angled in front view, with fine, sharp setae. Mandibles crossing apically. Basolateral area of dorsal mandibular surface flat, no visible setae. Apparently right-angled at turn of mandible. Labrum bilobed and large. Labrum develops stiff setae with slightly curved apices. Palps visible in CT data, but junction of each segment blurred. Maxillary palpomeres, total counted four or five; and labial palpomeres, total counted three.</p><p>Mesosoma: One penetrating crack at the anterior of the mesosoma that obscures some perspectives, and this part of the 3D reconstruction is unfortunately incomplete in the CT data. Therefore, observation can be made only from the side. Smooth, distinctively short and narrow in lateral view; total length of mesosoma close to head. Dorsal and lateral mesosoma sclerites nearly fused. In dorsal view, soft convex appearance in the middle of mesosoma indicates the limit between propodeum and pronotum. Dorsal sclerites and lateral sclerites distinguished from soft irregular indentations of mesosoma in lateral view. All legs long. Trochanters present on all legs, well developed. Protibia with long calcar, and densely covered with tiny setae, one pair of spur-like setae near calcar. Midtibia and hindtibia apicoventrally with two pairs of simple spur-like setae. Tarsomere with five segments in each leg. Base of tarsomere I curved inwards. All tarsomeres develop two pairs of spur-like setae in end of segment. Simple arolia developed on all pretarsi.</p><p>Metasoma: Petiolar node long, apically slightly concave. Distinctly narrow part near mesosoma. Node surface flat and compact. Abdomen well developed and distinctly long, with eight segments. Abdominal segments III and IV are significantly larger than the other segments, and these two segments are nearly equal in length and height. Abdominal segment V shorter in length than segments III and IV, but slightly expanded. Each segment of the abdomen is almost fully extended, noticeably long, more than half total length of body. Sting long and developed, parallel to direction of ventral development of abdomen.</p><p>Comments: This species is readily distinguished from all other Zigrasimecia workers by the presence of symmetrical setae at the clypeus, a unique morphological trait not observed in any other known species within the genus.Notably, this distinctive character is absent in both queens and gynes of Zigrasimecia, precluding the identification of a corresponding female caste at present.This morphological disparity suggests a potential evolutionary divergence in worker-specific traits, warranting further investigation into the developmental and functional significance of this unique feature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D879C5F55FF904828A02DFA401B15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhuang, Yuhui;Jouault, Corentin;Perrichot, Vincent;Wang, Bo;Liu, Yu;Zhang, Qingqing	Zhuang, Yuhui, Jouault, Corentin, Perrichot, Vincent, Wang, Bo, Liu, Yu, Zhang, Qingqing (2025): Unveiling the diversity of iron maiden ants: morphological insights from two new Cretaceous species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (2), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044
039D879C5F55FF954AFBA314FA6318AD.text	039D879C5F55FF954AFBA314FA6318AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zigrasimecia sinusoidal Zhuang & Jouault & Perrichot & Wang & Liu & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Zigrasimecia sinusoidal sp.nov.</p><p>Etymology: This specimen is named after the stringy wrinkles on its abdomen.</p><p>Material: Holotype YKLP-AMB-011, worker.</p><p>Type locality and stratigraphy: Noije Bum Hill, Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, northern Myanmar; upper Albian–lower Cenomanian (~98.79 ± 0.62 Mya) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Middle-sized body. Head flat. Frontal carinae extending to the anterior margin of the eyes. Clypeus extremely narrow in the middle. Mandibles thin, sickle-shaped. Propleuron convex, oval. Abdomen covered with densely wrinkled microsculptures.</p><p>Description: Holotype worker (Figs 3, 4). Measurements (Length and width in millimetres): HWed, 0.63; HWev, 0.68; HL, 0.67; EWI, 0.12; ON, ~100; HD, 0.40; ML, 0.74; PetAFL, 0.37; Ptg3L, 0.56; Ptg3H, 0.26; Ptg4L, 0.61; PnLi, 0.41; PnWa, 0.41; TL, 2.94; MnL, 0.30; HPI, 0.63; HSI, 0.86; Ptg3I, 2.14.</p><p>Head: In front view, top of head wider than bottom, densely covered with short setae. Compound eyes flat and round, ~100 ommatidia. Ocelli absent. Frontal carinae deep, obviously raised and develop to compound eyes on both sides. Antennae fossa round, shallow, base large. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; there also some bubbles wrapped around the surface. Scape wide, longest in all flagellomeres. Flagellomeres II–XI flat, gradually shorter in sequence. Twelfth flagellomere slightly longer than flagellomere II–XI, but narrower. All flagellomeres developed slightly longitudinal microsculptures, distinguished by optical texture from bubbles. Clypeus extremely narrow in the middle, clypeal denticles almost adjoining to the most anterior part of frontal carinae, both sides distinctly enlarged, joining mandibular bases. Clypeal denticles cylindrical, short and dense. Labrum large, apicomedially bilobate. Labrum with stubby setae at root. Mandibular tip very thin and narrow, sickle-shaped, developing fine, dense, acicular setae. Maxillary palpomeres, total counted five; and labial palpomeres, total counted three.</p><p>Mesosoma: Dense light wrinkling. Dorsal mesosoma sclerites fused and smooth, limit between propodeum and pronotum absent. Pronotum wide, mesonotum narrow and metanotum concave at dorsal side middle. Propleuron convex, oval, margin clear. In lateral view, a distinct half-moon groove forms bottom line of propleuron. Legs distinctively short and stout, more or less wrapped in bubbles. Protibia with long calcar. Pretarsal claw simple, arolia narrow, drop-shaped. Hindleg femoral and tibial segments almost equal in length, densely covered with wrinkle microsculptures.</p><p>Metasoma: Petiolar node thick but high, apically slightly concave in middle. Abdomen well developed, with seven segments visible (constriction between AV-AVII exists). Abdominal segments III and IV are significantly larger than the other segments. Abdominal segment III longest in average length, but abdominal segment IV obviously longer in dorsal line of abdomen. Other abdominal segments strongly contracted and difficult to observe. Abdomen with the development of distinctive ripple-like wrinkle microsculptures in lateral view and dorsal view. Sting obscured (also in CT data).</p><p>Comments: The frontal carinae are generally present in most Zigrasimecia workers; however, only this species exhibits frontal carinae that are both strongly developed and uniquely shield-shaped along the anterior margin of the head. Additionally, this species is distinguished by an exceptionally narrow clypeus, with the antennal insertions positioned laterally rather than dorsolaterally; a condition not observed in any other congeneric species. Notably, neither the clypeal morphology nor the frontal carinae configuration of this species has been observed in any described female castes (queens or gynes), precluding the identification of a corresponding female at present.</p><p>Key to the workers of Zigrasimecia [For a key for Zigrasimecia based on alate females, please refer to Chaul (2023).] Common characteristics of worker ants within this genus are as follows: ocelli absent; without wing or wing remains; mesosoma compact and simplified..................................................................................................................................................................................1</p><p>1. Abundant and conspicuous setae on dorsum of body ............................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Body smooth, or sparse and not obvious setae ........................................................................................................................................6</p><p>2. Setae on body short, tip of petiolar node truncate ...................................................................... Zigrasimecia ferox Perrichot, 2014</p><p>- Setae on body long, tip of petiolar node not truncate ........................................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Setae subflagellate or hook-shaped. Compound eyes small. Tip of petiolar node thick and bilobed ............................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... Zigrasimecia thate Chaul, 2023</p><p>- Setae standing and long. Compound eyes relatively big. Tip of petiolar node either round and not bilobed or thin and bilobed ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4</p><p>4. Setae on body thick, tip of individual seta truncated and sometimes slightly clavate ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................................... Zigrasimecia hoelldobleri Cao et al., 2020</p><p>- Setae on body thin and filiform 5</p><p>5. Mesosoma compact. Frontal carinae shallow. Tip of petiolar node round. Head round in shape in frontal view, with lateral and vertexal margins poorly differentiated. Ommatidia number &lt;100............................. Zigrasimecia chuyangsui Chaul, 2023</p><p>- Mesosoma not particularly compact. Frontal carinae conspicuous. Tip of petiolar node and bilobed. Head subrectangular in frontal view, with distinct lateral and vertexal margins. Ommatidia number&gt; 150 ........... Zigrasimecia boudinoti Chaul, 2023</p><p>6. Frontal carinae absent or shallow ............................................................................................................................................................... 7</p><p>- Frontal carinae developed and distinctive ................................................................................................................................................8</p><p>7. Middle-sized species, TL&gt; 2 mm. Tip of petiole round and not bilobed. Ommatidia number&gt; 30............................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. Zigrasimecia caohuijiae Chaul, 2023</p><p>- Small-sized species, TL &lt;2 mm. Tip of petiole bilobed and relatively thick. Ommatidia number &lt;30 ....................................... ............................................................................................................................................................. Zigrasimecia zui Zhuang et al., 2023</p><p>8. TL&gt; 3 mm. Regular and hair-like setae developed on both sides of clypeus .............................. Zigrasimecia bellator sp. nov.</p><p>- TL &lt;3 mm. Clypeus smooth ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Head rectangular in shape in frontal view, length distinctively longer than width. Posterior clypeal margin weakly marked. Clypeus board. Antennae develop above both sides of clypeus.............................................. Zigrasimecia perrichoti Chaul, 2023</p><p>- Head rectangular in shape in frontal view, width distinctively longer than length. Posterior clypeal margin strongly marked but clypeus narrow. Antennae develop on both sides of clypeus............................................... Zigrasimecia sinusoidal sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D879C5F55FF954AFBA314FA6318AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhuang, Yuhui;Jouault, Corentin;Perrichot, Vincent;Wang, Bo;Liu, Yu;Zhang, Qingqing	Zhuang, Yuhui, Jouault, Corentin, Perrichot, Vincent, Wang, Bo, Liu, Yu, Zhang, Qingqing (2025): Unveiling the diversity of iron maiden ants: morphological insights from two new Cretaceous species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (2), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf044
