taxonID	type	description	language	source
03907C79F52F352DE0ADFE1525C1FA1E.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body dark brown, slender, and finely granulate, mainly on the thorax and legs (Fig. 1 A). Head elongated, constricted behind the eyes (Figs. 1 B, C); fastigium conical, with widened based in lateral view, not surpassing the antenna length, inclined to the front (Fig. 1 C), edges carinate, dorsoventrally compressed, and apex almost truncate (Fig. 1 B). Eyes globular and conspicuous; ocelli inconspicuous (Fig. 1 B). Antennae groves located close to the mid of the inner edge of the eyes (Fig. 1 B); antenna with seven segments, antennal organs present on the sixth and seventh segments. Clypeus rectangular, wider than high; labrum rounded with posterior edge with a shallow median notch (Fig. 1 B); palpi flattened dorsoventrally, first segment of the maxillary palpi twice longer and wider than the others ones, last three segments sub-quadrangular and similar in size (Fig. 1 C). Thorax. Prothorax cylindrical, granulated, with a well-developed pleural suture. Pronotum almost nine times longer than mesonotum (Fig. 1 A). Mesonotum in dorsal view with two plates, the anterior trapezoidal, posterior margin wider than the anterior; posterior plate rectangular, a little longer than wide (Fig. 1 D). Metanotum with an ovoid plate in dorsal view, and other quadrangular posterior plate almost as long as wide (Fig. 1 D). Legs. Fore and middle legs slim and elongated. Hind femur moderately inflated at the base, and hind tibia with small dorsal spines (Fig. 1 A). Wings absent. Abdomen smooth, first tergite similar to the meso- and metathorax length. Penultimate tergite medially constricted; last tergite divided and moderately separated at the middle (Fig. 1 E); epiproct lanceolated; cerci simple, conical, and short (Fig. 1 F); subgenital plate short and rounded, pallium quadrangular (only R. panamenis comb. nov. slightly produced in ventral view) (Fig. 1 F). Genitalia. Epiphallic sclerite U-shaped, curving noticeably inward (Fig. 2 A), transverse sclerite (TS) and lophi (Lo) fuse without any division or separation (Fig. 2 B); hooks (Hk) digitiform and not pointed (Figs. 2 A, C). Epiphallic rim (EpR) with an accessory plate (EpRP) that merges with the lateral plates (EpLP), forming a ribbon-like structure that surrounds the anterior part of the epiphallus (Figs. 2 B, D). Phallotreme (Ph) with a simple ridge surrounded by ectophallic valves (Fig. 2 B). Ectophallic valves (EcV) reduced and separated from the sclerotized membrane (SM) by a translucent, non-sclerotized area (Fig. 2 B); sclerotized membrane thin and divided posteriorly (Figs. 2 A, B). The endophallus with sclerotized structures (Figs. 2 E, D). Distal sac (DS) containing two lateral plates: lateral articulation (LA) connected with the anterior supplementary plate (ASP); this last plate is laterally compressed, placed under the ectophallic valves and the sclerotized membrane (Figs. 2 C, D). Distal sac strongly connected to the sclerite of the ejaculatory duct (EjDS), preventing it from separating from the ventral section of the genitalia (Figs. 2 D, E). Posterior supplementary plate (PSP) reduced. The sclerite of the ejaculatory duct is tubular and is covered by a membrane that fully envelops it, that membrane corresponding to the ejaculatory duct (Fig. 2 E). Female. Similar to the male, but noticeably longer and robust (Fig. 3 A). Head conical and elongated, moderately constricted behind the eyes; fastigium conical, slender compared to the male, antenna with seven or eight segments. Thorax similar to the male, not inflated dorsally; pleura granulated. Abdomen robust; penultimate and last tergites dorsally divided; epiproct lanceolate with a rounded apex; cerci conical and reduced. Ovipositor valves strong and almost smooth, with minute denticulations; subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, apex straight, or with a medial projection. Spermatheca. One or two spermathecae present. Copulatory chamber (CC) completely membranous. Ducts (Dt) are simple, with some moderately sized digitiform projections that do not branch. Apical diverticula (AD) generally globose, with two unequal lobes (Fig. 3 C); in the case of R. panamensis, with other apical diverticula in the other spermatheca, elongated and slender, reaching up to three times the length of the other one (Fig. 3 D). Species included. Rowellscopia septentrionalis (Bruner, 1905) comb. nov. (type species) and Rowellscopia panamensis (Bentos-Pereira & Rowell, 1999) comb. nov. MAP 1. Distributional map of Rowellscopia gen. nov. and Albascopia species	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F52F352DE0ADFE1525C1FA1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central America, Costa Rica, and Panama (Map 1). Comparison. Rowellscopia gen. nov. is superficially similar in external morphology to Pseudoproscopia species, where they were previously classified. Both sexes’ measurements and head shape are comparable between Rowellscopia gen. nov. and Pseudoproscopia, except for the fastigium in females. Rowellscopia gen. nov. female’s fastigium is conical, subtriangular in lateral and dorsal views, with a rounded apex. In contrast, some females of Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia possess a rectangular fastigium with thickened or moderately elevated edges, while others exhibit a slender triangular fastigium with an acute apex. Regarding coloration, Rowellscopia gen. nov. males range from dark brown to light brown, with some individuals displaying a brownish-green hue, lacking conspicuous spots or stripes (Figs. 1 A, 3 B). In contrast, Pseudoproscopia males are typically greenish, marked by yellowish spots on the genae, the lateral margin of the pronotum near the forelegs, and the pleura of the meso- and metanotum. The coloration pattern of Pseudoproscopia resembles that of some Paraproscopia Bentos-Pereira, 2006, and Milenascopia species. However, in the latter genus, the general coloration is blackish-brown, with whitish spots occupying similar positions to those in Pseudoproscopia. Pseudoproscopia scabra (Klug, 1820) males (type species of Pseudoproscopia) exhibit a distinct coloration pattern, being predominantly brown with a whitish head and longitudinal whitish stripes extending from the anterior thoracic margin to the last abdominal segments; their legs are typically green or brown, distinguishing them from the new genus described here. Rowellscopia gen. nov. females display a blackish-brown or dark greenish-brown coloration, with the lateral edges of the first five or six abdominal tergites outlined in white (Fig. 3). In contrast, females of Pseudoproscopia, Milenascopia, and some species of Paraproscopia are light brown or ochre, exhibiting multiple black or gray markings across the body. The most significant diagnostic differences between Rowellscopia gen. nov. and related genera are found in male and female genital morphology. The phallus of Rowellscopia gen. nov. shares the presence of sclerotized, tubular ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 2 E) with Pseudoproscopia. However, it differs in that Pseudoproscopia exhibits a non-sclerotized section in the ejaculatory duct at its connection with the distal sac, allowing the sclerotized portion of the duct to detach from the internal region of the phallus. In contrast, the phallus of Rowellscopia gen. nov. lacks this membranous connection, with the ejaculatory duct being directly fused to its sclerite, thereby restricting mobility or detachment from the ventral region of the phallus (Fig. 2 C, E). The epiphallus of Rowellscopia gen. nov. is robustly fused, with thickened lophi, and non-pointed hooks (Fig. 2 B), in contrast to Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia, where the lophi are connected to the transverse sclerite, which is narrower or partially separated. The epiphallic membrane of Rowellscopia gen. nov. features additional sclerotized structures, namely the epiphallic rim plate and epiphallic lateral plate, which are fused and surround the epiphallus anteriorly in the epiphallic rim region (Figs. 2 B, D). These structures are absent in Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia. The ectophallus of Rowellscopia gen. nov. is characterized by closely phallotrema folds, with ectophallic valves and sclerotized membranes distinctly separated by a membranous region (Fig. 2 B). Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia exhibit widely separated phallotrema folds with a prominent, well-defined ridge extending to the apex in dorsal view; the ectophallic valves cover entirely the dorsal region adjacent to the phallotreme and lack traces of a sclerotized membrane. The endophallus of Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia is largely membranous except for its connection to the sclerite of the ejaculatory duct. However, Rowellscopia gen. nov. possesses additional sclerotized structures, including the lateral articulation and the anterior supplementary plate (Figs. 2 C, E). The spermatheca of females also differs between Rowellscopia gen. nov. and the other genera compared (Figs. 3 C, D). To Milenascopia, the spermathecal duct is sinuous, without lateral prolongations along its length, and terminates at the proximal edge of the apical diverticulum. In Pseudoproscopia females, the spermathecal duct may bear small lateral prolongations and opens at the center of the anterior margin of the apical diverticulum. A similar condition is observed in Rowellscopia septentrionalis comb. nov., although its ejaculatory duct is broad, with three lateral prolongations, the two medial or proximal ones merging at a single section. Rowellscopia panamensis comb. nov. represents an atypical case within Proscopiini, as it possesses two spermathecae, each with thin ducts that feature sparse and short prolongations along their course.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F52F352DE0ADFE1525C1FA1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Dedicated to Charles Hugh Fraser Rowell, who has contributed enormously to the knowledge of grasshoppers, and for always being willing to help and support the research of these insects in different ways. The termination - scopia is the common termination for several genera of this insect family.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F52F352DE0ADFE1525C1FA1E.taxon	discussion	Comments. The type species was initially placed in Taxiarchus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890, then transferred to Proscopia Klug, 1820, after both genera were synonymized (Hebard 1924). Later, it was reassigned to Corynorhynchus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890 (Jago, 1989). Subsequently, during the revision of Central American proscopiid species, Proscopia panamensis Bentos-Pereira & Rowell, 1999, was described, and Proscopia septentrionalis was removed from Corynorhynchus again (Bentos-Pereira & Rowell, 1999). Recently, Bentos-Pereira (2006 a, b) included both species in Pseudoproscopia, where they have remained until now. According to Bentos-Pereira & Rowell (1999), only two species are currently recognized for Central America. However, a possible third species may exist, though the material examined by the authors was not in suitable condition for formal description. The genitalia of the only available male had been dissected and was apparently lost, while another male and a female, which could be associated with the mentioned specimen, are juveniles. This prevented a proper examination for a formal description (Rowell 2013). Based on the authors’ observations, the external morphology of this potential species differs notably from the other two and appears to be more closely related to Albascopia gen. nov., the other genus redescribed later in this contribution. The species of this genus are not commonly observed and are rare in entomological collections. It is presumed that they inhabit the upper parts of trees in the canopy, making it challenging to obtain specimens (Rowell 1998, 2013). In such cases, citizen science records (iNaturalist) are helpful for gathering data on these species (Fig. 3). Below, an identification key is provided for both male and female Rowellscopia gen. nov. species.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5253520E0ADFF5923DAF9D6.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Body dark brown (Fig. 4 A, 4 B, 6 A) or black (Fig. 9 A), moderately robust, and granulate, mainly on the thorax and legs (Figs. 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 14 A). Head elongated, moderately constricted behind the eyes (Figs. 4 C, 4 D, 6 B, 6 C, 8 B, 8 C, 14 B, 14 C), fastigium conical, with widened based in lateral view, not surpassing the antenna length, inclined to the front and slightly to down (Fig. 4 D, 6 C, 14 C), edges carinate, dorsoventrally compressed, and apex almost truncate (Figs. 4 C. 6 B, 9 B). Eyes globular and conspicuous; ocelli inconspicuous (Figs. 4 C, 6 B, 9 B, 14 B). Antennae groves located close to the mid of the inner edge of the eyes (Fig. 4 C, 6 B, 9 B, 14 B); antenna with eight segments, antennal organs present (Figs. 4 D, 6 C, 9 C, 14 B). Clypeus rectangular, wider than high; labrum rounded with the posterior edge with a shallow median notch (Figs. 4 C, 6 B, 9 B, 14 B); palpi flattened dorsoventrally, first segment of the maxillary palpi twice longer and wider than the others ones, the following three segments sub-quadrangular and similar in size, and the last ovoid (Fig. 4 C, 6 C, 9 B, 14 B). Thorax. Prothorax cylindrical, granulated, with a well-developed pleural suture. Pronotum almost seven to eight times longer than mesonotum (Figs. 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 14 A). Mesonotum in dorsal view with a plate rectangular, longer than wide, poorly divided laterally at the middle (Figs. 4 E, 6 D, 9 D, 14 D). Metanotum with a rectangular plate in dorsal view, posterior margin wider than the anterior one (Figs. 4 E, 6 D, 9 D, 14 D). Legs. Fore and middle legs slim and elongated. Hind femur is moderately or well-inflated at the base, and hind tibia has mid-sized dorsal spines. Wings absent. Abdomen smooth, first tergite longer than the metathoracic notum. Penultimate tergite medially constricted; last tergite divided and moderately separated at the middle (Fig. 4 F, 6 E, 9 E, 14 E); epiproct lanceolated; cerci simple, cylindrical, and short (Fig. 4 G, 6 F, 9 F), rarely modified at apex (Fig. 14 F, 14 G). Subgenital plate mid-sized, rounded, and moderately produced distally; pallium flat and almost quadrangular, produced moderately (Fig. 4 G, 6 F, 9 F, 14 F). Genitalia. Epiphallic sclerite U-shaped, curving noticeably inward, transverse sclerite (TS) and lophi (Lo) fuse without any division or separation (Figs. 7 B, 10 A, 10 B, 15 B); hooks (Hk) rounded, wide, and laterally flattened (Figs. 7 A, 7 C, 10 C. 15 A). Epiphallic rim (EpR) without accessory plate (EpRP); lateral plates (EpLP) thin and slim, separated by a membranous epiphallic rim (Fig. 7 B, 10 A, 10 B, 15 B). Phallotreme (Ph) with a simple ridge almost membranous and surrounded by ectophallic valves (Figs. 7 B, 10 A, 10 B, 14 B). Ectophallic valves (EcV) reduced, moderately sclerotized, and separated from the sclerotized membrane (SM) by a translucent, non-sclerotized area; sclerotized membrane thin and undivided posteriorly (Figs. 7 A, 7 B, 10 A, 10 B, 15 A, 15 B). The endophallus with sclerotized structures (Figs. 7 C, 7 D, 10 C, 10 D, 15 D). Distal sac (DS) containing three lateral plates: lateral articulation (LA) connected and fused with the anterior supplementary plate (ASP); this last plate is not compressed and undivided anteriorly, placed under the ectophallic valves and the sclerotized membrane (Figs. 7 D, 10 C). Posterior supplementary plate (PSP) present, developed, and V-shaped (Fig. 7 D). Distal sac connected with the proximal sac (PS), is then connected with a membranous ejaculatory duct that ends in a conspicuous ejaculatory sclerite with three divergent fins (Figs. 7 C, 7 D, 10 C, 10 D, 15 C, 15 D). Female. Similar to the male, but noticeably longer and robust (Figs. 11 A, 16 A). Head conical and elongated (Figs. 11 B, 11 C, 16 B, 16 C), moderately constricted behind the eyes (Figs. 11 B, 16 B); fastigium conical, slender compared to the male, antenna with eight or nine segments (Figs. 11 C, 16 C). Thorax similar to the male, not inflated dorsally and with a mid-tubercle on the metanotum; pleura granulated, not smooth. Abdomen robust; penultimate tergite constricted; last tergite dorsally divided; epiproct lanceolate with a rounded apex; cerci conical and reduced (Figs. 11 D, 16 D). Ovipositor valves strong and almost smooth, with minute denticulations (Figs. 11 E, 16 E); subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, apex with a medial projection (Figs. 11 F, 16 F). Spermatheca. Only one spermatheca present (Figs. 16, 17). Copulatory chamber (CC) completely membranous (Figs. 11 A, 11 D, 17 A, 17 B). Duct (Dt) has long digitiform projections; some have two branches (Figs. 11 B, 11 C, 17 A, 17 B). Apical diverticula (AD) globose, with two unequal lobes (Figs. 11 A, 11 B, 17 A, 17 B); duct connects at the middle of the apical diverticula (Figs. 11 B, 11 D, 17 A, 17 B). Species included. Albascopia columbica (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890) (type species), Albascopia caldensis (Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda, 2015) comb. nov., Albascopia afroensis (Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda, 2015) comb. nov., and Albascopia baudoensis sp. nov.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5253520E0ADFF5923DAF9D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Andes and Biogeographic Chocó. Comparison. Albascopia is similar to Rowellscopia gen. nov., so the characters differentiating Rowellscopia gen. nov. from Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia also apply to distinguish Albascopia, except for the following differences: Regarding males, the fastigium is shorter and curved forward compared to Pseudoproscopia and Milenascopia. Likewise, the head is more robust and less elongated than in the latter two genera. The males of Albascopia are smaller (pronotum length: 19 – 20 mm) than those of Rowellscopia gen. nov., Pseudoproscopia, and Milenascopia (pronotum length: 22 – 28 mm). The hind femur is thicker at its base than in the other genera, although not as thickened as in Apioscelis; rather, it represents an intermediate state between this latter genus and the other Proscopiini. Based on male genital characters, the differences that separate Rowellscopia gen. nov. from the other genera also apply, with the distinctions between Rowellscopia gen. nov. and Albascopia being the most evident. The epiphallic rim plate is absent in Albascopia, so the epiphallic lateral plates are separated by the epiphallic rim membrane (Figs. 7 B, 10 B, 15 B). In contrast, Rowellscopia gen. nov. possesses these plates, which are fused, enclosing the epiphallus (Fig. 2 B). The lophi of Albascopia are robust and spatulate, relatively short (Figs. 7 A, 7 C, 10 A, 15 A), whereas in Rowellscopia gen. nov., they are cylindrical or digitiform and do not flatten (Figs. 2 A, 2 C). Additionally, the sclerotized membrane is posteriorly divided in Rowellscopia gen. nov. (Fig. 2 B), which does not occur in Albascopia (Fig. 7 B). The lateral articulation and anterior supplementary plate are strongly fused in Albascopia (Figs. 7 C, 7 D) but separated in Rowellscopia gen. nov. (Fig. 2 C, 2 D). The posterior supplementary plate of Rowellscopia gen. nov. is absent or highly reduced, unlike in Albascopia. Finally, the sclerite of the ejaculatory duct in Rowellscopia gen. nov. is tubular, covered by the duct membrane, and cannot be detached, remaining attached to the ventral region of the male (Fig. 2 E). In contrast, in Albascopia, the ejaculatory duct is membranous and only connects to the sclerite of the ejaculatory duct at the end, which is exposed and features fin-like structures (Figs. 7 C, 10 C, 15 C). Regarding females, the morphology of Albascopia and Rowellscopia gen. nov. is very similar. However, the head morphology of A. afroensis comb. nov. and A. baudoensis sp. nov. (the only known females of the genus) more closely resembles the structure of R. panamensis comb. nov. The last two tergites of Rowellscopia gen. nov. females are dorsally separated, whereas in Albascopia, only the last tergite is divided. The subgenital plate of A. afroensis comb. nov. has a small medial projection on the posterior margin, triangular and surrounded by a rounded, blackish fold. In R. septentrionalis comb. nov., the posterior margin has a bifurcated projection, whereas R. panamensis comb. nov. lacks any projections. The spermathecae are another useful character for distinguishing these genera. R. panamensis comb. nov. has two spermathecae, whereas R. septentrionalis comb. nov., A. afroensis comb. nov. and A. baudoensis sp. nov. each have only one. These species differ in their ducts: in R. septentrionalis comb. nov., the duct is thickened, with three short, unbranched projections, while in A. afroensis comb. nov. and A. baudoensis sp. nov., it has multiple, longer, and branched projections.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5253520E0ADFF5923DAF9D6.taxon	discussion	Comments. Two species grouped within this genus A. caldensis comb. nov., A. afroensis comb. nov. were originally described under Pseudoproscopia (Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda 2015), making their new combinations effective. Their distant distribution in distinct geographical areas suggests the potential existence of additional, yet undiscovered species of Albascopia. This genus is likely to be found in the Chocó Biogeographic Region, from Panama to northern Ecuador, as well as in the mid-elevation zones of the inter-Andean valleys along the slopes of the Andes in Colombia (Map 1). By contrast, species of Prosarthria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890, are usually found in the lowland areas of these inter-Andean valleys. A key to identify the species based on only males is provided below, since female specimens of A. caldensis comb. nov. are not available for study and description.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5263527E0ADFDB32065FBCE.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 – 5, Map 1)	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5263527E0ADFDB32065FBCE.taxon	description	Apioscelis columbica: Carbonell et al., 2007: 44. Catalogued.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5263527E0ADFDB32065FBCE.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Slender and large (60 mm) compared to other known species of the genus. General body coloration brown (Figs. 4 A, B); eyes reddish-brown (Figs. 4 C, D). Genae with two light brown stripes separated by a thin dark brown stripe (Fig. 4 D). Head distinctly constricted below the eyes (Fig. 4 C); fastigium truncate at apex in frontal view (Fig. 4 C), subtriangular in lateral view, not surpassing the first four antennal segments, slightly curved forward (Fig. 4 D). Antennae with eight segments; last four segments slightly dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 4 C). Eyes globose, prominent, occupying one-third of the cephalic capsule (Fig. 4 D). Thorax. Pronotum rugose, covered with multiple granules throughout (Fig. 4 B). Mesonotum forming a rectangular plate, longer than wide (Fig. 4 E). Metanotum divided into two plates: anterior plate larger, longer than wide; posterior plate half the size of the anterior, wider than long (Fig. 4 E). Legs. Fore and mid legs slender, similar in shape. Hind femur dilated at basal half, then tapering toward the apex. Hind tibia slender, armed with 16 spines along the outer dorsal margin and 10 smaller spines along the inner dorsal margin. Abdomen. Epiproct lanceolate, longer than wide, with angled apex (Fig. 4 F). Cerci cylindrical, half the length of the epiproct (Fig. 4 F), apex rounded, unmodified (Fig. 4 G). Subgenital plate twice as long as the preceding sternite (Fig. 4 G). Pallium without projections or modifications (Fig. 4 G); distal margin curved, forming a shallow angular emargination at midline (Fig. 4 G). Genitalia. Not examined. Female. Not examined.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5263527E0ADFDB32065FBCE.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was originally described by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1890) from Colombia, without a specific locality. Since its description, no additional specimens have been recorded. Recently, the species was placed in the genus Albascopia based on specimens from the Colombian Orinoquía region, which exhibited similar external morphology (Bentos Pereira et al. 2015). However, upon re-examination and comparison with the type specimens of A. columbica, it was determined that these specimens belong to a different species within the genus Paraproscopia. These specimens will be detailed in a forthcoming publication (Cadena-Castañeda in prep.). Examination of the type specimens of A. columbica revealed that males lack the spine-like projection on the posterior frontal plate of subgenital plate, a character present in some Paraproscopia species. Comparisons with species here included in Albascopia indicate a closer affinity, particularly with A. caldensis comb. nov. Accordingly, the definition of Albascopia is revised, and a redescription of the genus and A. columbica is provided, based on its type specimens, which represent the type species of the genus. This comprehensive redefinition aims to prevent future confusion and contribute to the taxonomic stability of this group of proscopiids. According to its original description, the precise locality of A. columbica remains unknown. In correspondence with the curatorial team at the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NMW), I was informed that the collection contains two male specimens designated as lectotype and paralectotype, both labeled with specimen code 9987. Additionally, an immature female specimen, not designated as a type, is cataloged under code 9946 (Wöss Günther pers comm.). The NMW collection includes a record of localities associated with specimens studied by Brunner von Wattenwyl, which are linked to specimen or type codes. For the males labeled 9987, the associated locality is “ Muzo 25 / 12, ” while the immature female (code 9946) is labeled “ San Carlos 1 / 4 73. ” Muzo is a known locality in the department of Boyacá, Colombia (Map 1). However, the exact identity of “ San Carlos ” remains uncertain, as several places with this name exist in Colombia. The original description also mentions another adult female specimen that could not be located in the Vienna collection. Specimens of Paraproscopia aberrans (Hebard, 1923), one male and one female, have also been recorded from Muzo and are deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) (Hebard 1923). The female specimen from Muzo studied by Hebard (1933) differs markedly from the conspecific females we examined from Villavicencio, Colombia, and surrounding areas (Cadena-Castañeda in prep.). Based on these differences, we suggest that both the female and possibly the male specimens studied by Hebard may belong to A. columbica. In support of this hypothesis, we reviewed several iNaturalist records from areas near the type locality of A. columbica. One observation from Otanche, Boyacá (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 235232403), features a male specimen with a reddish-brown coloration (Fig. 5 A), which may fade post-mortem. Morphologically, this specimen closely resembles the type specimens. Two females’ specimens from Puerto Boyacá, Boyacá, near the border with Bolívar municipality in Santander department (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 257371748, https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 254248500) (Fig. 5 B), show a strong resemblance to the female studied by Hebard, currently identified as P. aberrans, but likely conspecific with the males of A. columbica. These females also match the external morphological characteristics typical of the genus Albascopia, further supporting the hypothesis presented here.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5203527E0ADFBAC2536F909.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 – 8, Map 1)	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5203527E0ADFBAC2536F909.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was originally described under the genus Pseudoproscopia, with its type locality situated in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, within the inter-Andean valley of the Magdalena River (Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda 2015). In this contribution, it is transferred to the genus Albascopia, which is redefined herein and fits in the morphology of A. caldensis comb. nov., thus formalizing the new combination. Some iNaturalist records for A. caldensis comb. nov. have been found in locations near the type locality (Map 1). Three females have been recorded: in the type locality, Norcasia, Caldas (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 74693715), another in San Diego, Caldas, a neighboring municipality (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 136718253), and another in El Carmen del Viboral, Antioquia, the northernmost known locality (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 197636708) (Fig. 8 A). Additionally, a male was recorded very close to the last-mentioned female (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 6695708) (Fig. 8 B). These records provide insights into the similarity of females to A. afroensis comb. nov. and how the male might look in life. They also indicate potential localities for collecting additional A. caldensis comb. nov. specimens.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F53C353FE0ADFF592334FA31.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 – 13, Map 1)	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F53C353FE0ADFF592334FA31.taxon	discussion	Comments. As the previous species, this species was described originally under the genus Pseudoproscopia, with its type locality situated at the rainforest of the Chocó department (Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona Granda 2015). The morphology of A. afroensis comb. nov. also fits in the new Albascopia redefinition, making the new combination for this species. A record was also found for A. afroensis comb. nov., a male, likely attributable to this species, recorded further south in Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 121664388). This male aligns with the external characteristics and coloration of the holotype and paratype males, notably its black body coloration with greenish hind legs (Fig. 13). These records are significant for observing live specimens and their coloration, as well as for determining the potential distribution range of these species (Map 1), given the limited number of specimens from nearby localities.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5383530E0ADF98E25BCF843.taxon	description	(Figs. 14 – 18, Map 1)	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5383530E0ADF98E25BCF843.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male. COLOMBIA, Chocó, Nuquí. 5 ° 43 ’ 40.91 ” N, 77 ° 13 ’ 7.35 ” O. 320 m. 11 September 2013. M. Marquez leg. (CAUD). Paratypes. Male, Female, and subadult female, same data as holotype (CAUD).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5383530E0ADF98E25BCF843.taxon	description	Description. Male. Slender and large (60 mm). General body coloration black-greyish; dark brown (Fig. 14 A); sternites yellowish brown from the first to last abdominal sternite. Head moderately constricted below the eyes (compared with the other species except A. afroensis comb. nov.); fastigium truncated at apex in frontal view (Fig. 14 B), triangular in lateral view, reaching to the fifth antennal segment, almost straight and slightly curved forward dorsally, the ventral margin is straight (Fig. 14 C). Antennae with eight segments, not flattened; the last segment as long as the segment fourth to seventh segments together, and armed with an antennal organ close to the middle of its length in frontal view (Fig. 14 B). Eyes globose, occupying less than one-third of the cephalic capsule (Fig. 14 C). Thorax. Pronotum rugose, covered with multiple granules throughout. Mesonotum is a hexagonal plate, longer than wide. Metanotum divided into two plates: anterior plate larger, longer than wide; posterior plate is half the size of the anterior one, wider than long (Fig. 14 D). Legs. Fore and mid legs slender, and similar in shape. Hind femur moderately dilated at basal half, then tapering toward the apex. Hind tibia slender, armed with 16 spines along the outer and inner dorsal margin with 10 spines along the inner. Abdomen. Epiproct lanceolate, longer than wide, with angled apex (Fig. 14 E). Cerci cylindrical, half the length of the epiproct (Fig. 14 F), apex moderately dilated, obliquely truncated, and dorsally with a small and conical projection (Fig. 14 G). Pallium without projections or modifications; distal margin curved, forming a shallow angular emargination at midline (Fig. 14 F). Genitalia. Hooks (Hk) thick, curved inward and upward, apex rounded (Fig. 15 A); lateral plates (EpLP) thin and slim (Fig. 15 B). Phallotreme (Ph), simple, moderately sclerotized, and covered mainly by the epiphallic membrane (Fig. 15 B). Ectophallic valves (EcV) reduced and surround the phallotreme; sclerotized membrane (SM) well developed and separated at apex posteriorly (Fig. 15). Anterior supplementary plate (ASP) is connected to the lateral articulation (LA) and then connected to sublophal sclerites (SLS); these three sclerites or structures, together in lateral view, are U-shaped. Sublophal sclerites (SLS) spatulated and thin, standing out over the SM (Fig. 15 C); apex of SLS sharp and divergent (Fig. 15 B). Ejaculatory duct (EjD) and sclerite (EjDS) as the other known species of the genus (Fig. 15 D). Female. Similar to the male, but noticeably longer and robust (Fig. 16 A). Head conical and elongated, moderately constricted behind the eyes (Fig. 16 B); fastigium conical, truncated in frontal view, slightly curved forward in lateral view (Fig. 16 C); antenna with eight segments (Fig. 16 B). Thorax. Pronotum as described for the genus, mid-tubercle on the metanotum poorly elevated (Fig. 16 A). Abdomen. Last two tergites constricted, dorsally almost divided; epiproct lanceolate, and basal section divided as a triangular plate, with apex rounded (Fig. 16 D). Ovipositor valves strong and almost smooth, with minute denticulations (Fig. 16 E); subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, and posterior margin rounded, with a small medial projection (Fig. 16 F). Spermatheca. Copulatory chamber (CC), tubuliform and membranous (Fig. 17 A). Duct (Dt) with conspicuous prolongations are grouped into three main branches, each with subramifications (Fig. 17 B). Apical diverticula (AD) rectangular and slim; lateral right side truncated with a small dorsal prolongation; lateral left side rounded, and the middle section of AD undulated (Fig. 17 B). Measurements (in mm.) male / female. Tl: 57 – 65 / 103. Hl: 10.5 – 11 / 20. Pr: 20 – 21.5 / 28. Meso: 2 – 2.5 / 6. Meta: 4 – 4.5 / 7. Hf: 24.5 – 26 / 42. Ht: 26 – 29 / 45.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5383530E0ADF98E25BCF843.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name derives from the “ Serranía del Baudó ”, a mountain range parallel to Colombia’s Pacific coast, where this new species was recorded. Comparison. A. baudoensis sp. nov. is more similar to A. afroensis comb. nov. than to the other species within the genus. However, it differs primarily from A. columbica and A. caldensis comb. nov. by having less conspicuous eyes and a distinctly narrower head below the eyes. A. baudoensis sp. nov. resembles A. afroensis comb. nov. in its overall dark coloration, ranging from black to blackish-grey. Nonetheless, a clear distinction lies in the hind legs of the males: in A. afroensis comb. nov., these are green, whereas in A. baudoensis sp. nov., they are blackish-grey, matching the rest of the body. In addition, the male cerci of A. baudoensis sp. nov. have an apical hook-like modification (Figs. 14 F, 14 G), in contrast to the simple, unmodified cerci of A. afroensis comb. nov. (Fig. 9 F). Male genitalia differ in several key characters. The SLS of A. baudoensis sp. nov. are more developed and clearly protrude beyond the epiphallic membrane (Fig. 15 C), unlike in A. afroensis comb. nov., where they are shorter and entirely covered by the membrane (Fig. 10 C). The SM of the new species is broader and apically divided (Fig. 15 B), a condition not observed in A. afroensis comb. nov. (Fig. 10 B). Additionally, the base of the EjDS is thinner and more sinuous in A. baudoensis sp. nov. (Fig. 15 C) than in A. afroensis comb. nov. (Fig. 10 C) Females of both species are externally quite similar. However, the head below the eyes is narrower in A. baudoensis sp. nov. than in A. afroensis comb. nov. Another useful external character for distinguishing females is a light grey dorsal stripe, present in A. baudoensis sp. nov. (Fig. 16 A) and absent in A. afroensis comb. nov. (Fig. 11 A). The subgenital plate is rectangular in both species, but in A. afroensis comb. nov., the posterior margin is nearly straight and features a subtriangular median projection (Fig. 11 F). In contrast, the posterior margin of the subgenital plate in A. baudoensis sp. nov. is rounded, moderately projected, and the median projection is smaller and less pronounced in comparison with the other species (Fig. 16 F). The spermathecae also provide reliable diagnostic characters for distinguishing the two species. The DT exhibits conspicuous extensions in both species, though they are longer and more numerous in A. baudoensis sp. nov. females (Fig. 17). The AD shows the greatest divergence between the two: in the new species, it is narrow, rectangular, and nearly symmetrical (Fig. 17), whereas in A. afroensis comb. nov., it is more globular and boot-shaped (Figs. 12 A, 12 B).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
03907C79F5383530E0ADF98E25BCF843.taxon	discussion	Comments. The male holotype lost its original coloration after the dissection of the genitalia and prolonged preservation in alcohol. However, the paratypes still retain their natural coloration. This new species is very similar to A. afroensis comb. nov., as previously described. A. baudoensis sp. nov. inhabits the Serranía del Baudó, a narrow mountain range parallel to Colombia’s Pacific coast (Map 1). This range is isolated from the Andes and is characterized by high biodiversity and endemism. It lies within the most rain-soaked forests on Earth and remains poorly explored. The new species was discovered in the mountainous areas surrounding the municipality of Nuquí, in the department of Chocó. Additional records from iNaturalist suggest a broader distribution attributable to A. baudoensis sp. nov. A female from Utría National Natural Park, Chocó (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 201650721), matches the external features of the studied paratype female (Fig. 18). Moreover, a male individual was recorded near Arusí (part of Nuquí’s jurisdiction) (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 8226913), further expanding the known distribution of the species in this biodiverse and endemic-rich region (Map 1). Evidently, this area has served as a zone of divergence for Albascopia species recognized in the Colombian Pacific region.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2025): Studies on stick grasshoppers: New Proscopiini taxa from Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae). Zootaxa 5729 (1): 105-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.4
