identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0396EE28FFDD9F5621C2F9F6FF0203D7.text	0396EE28FFDD9F5621C2F9F6FF0203D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphytini Scholtz, Davis & de Klerk 2025	<div><p>Paraphytini Scholtz, Davis &amp; de Klerk, new tribe</p><p>Type genus: Paraphytus Harold, 1877, here designated (Fig. 6)</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Differs from other tribes by a combination of characters, primarily a habitus similar to that of the sister subfamily, Aphodiinae combined with a quadridentate clypeus and apical excavation of the tridentate protibiae.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head: Anterior clypeal margin quadridentate.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotal disc punctate and evenly convex lacking carinae or other protrusions.</p><p>Wings: Vein characters of metathoracic wing not modified (Fig. 7a) compared to those shown in Fig. 7b: (1) anal area not reduced, (2) no widening of CuA vein at wing margin, (3) RA 4 vein reaches wing margin. Elytra punctate and evenly convex with seven dorsal striae and an eighth short stria positioned laterally. Epipleurae only very weakly sinuate (see Fig. 34h in Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015).</p><p>Legs: Short tarsi inserted on the upper side of the tridentate fore tibiae (Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015) within an apical excavation.</p><p>Abdomen: Pygidium longitudinally grooved in the centre or not (see Paulian 1936).</p><p>Male genitalia: Using the terminology of Tarasov &amp; Solodovnikov (2011) and Tarasov &amp; Génier (2015) for the complex of accessory sclerites occurring within the basal part of aedeagal sacs (in general: A, AS, BSc, FLP, SA, SRP and X), Paraphytus shows: (1) a long spur (=TS) and a short lobe extending from the A sclerite, (2) presence of a BSc sclerite and (3) absence of other sclerites (Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015: p. 36). However, somewhat similar characterization of the endophallites is also shared with genera of the Coptorhinini new tribe (see below) and some other “basal Scarabaeinae ” (Tarasov &amp; Dimitrov 2016) that are now in the tribes Elassocanthonini or Endroedyolini (Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015: pp. 35–37) .</p><p>Sexual dimorphism: Limited to differences in the sculpture of the pygidium, abdominal sternites and clypeal margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFDD9F5621C2F9F6FF0203D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFDB9F5621C2F9E1FE5801E2.text	0396EE28FFDB9F5621C2F9E1FE5801E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphytus Harold 1877	<div><p>Paraphytus Harold, 1877</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Type species: Paraphytus doriae Harold, 1877</p><p>Species of Paraphytus are small (length: 4–8 mm), dark brown to black, elongate, oval and strongly flattened (see description in Paulian 1936). Their body shape is similar to many species in the Aphodiinae, which is the sister subfamily of the Scarabaeinae . The character of dorsally excavated apices of the protibiae in Paraphytus is shared with the Oriental coprine genus, Onychothecus Boucomont, 1912 (Lopes et al. 2024) but differentiates it from all other scarabaeine genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFDB9F5621C2F9E1FE5801E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FA45FD8401DC.text	0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FA45FD8401DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptorhina Hope 1833	<div><p>Coptorhina Hope, 1833</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Type species: Coptorhina africana Hope, 1833 (synonym of C. klugi Hope, 1833)</p><p>Coptorhina species are convex and range from 8.0–20.0 mm in length (see description in Frolov et al. 2008). They can be readily recognized by a combination of two characters: a distinctly bidentate clypeus, and a somewhat rectangular metepisternon, which is widest posteriorly with a secondary suture, and very convex epipleural margin. Elytra are fused at the sutural margin and are only slightly raised before flight with the hind wings being unfurled through the cleft in the pleural margin. The revision of Frolov et al. (2008) reduced the total of valid Coptorhina species to seven after recognizing a further 10 species and one subspecies as synonyms due to the great morphological variation in body size. Although similar to female and some larger male Frankenbergerius with weakly developed clypeal processes, they may be separated by the rectangular ( Coptorhina) versus triangular shape ( Frankenbergerius) of the metepisternon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FA45FD8401DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FF3DFB980330.text	0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FF3DFB980330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptorhinini Scholtz, Davis & de Klerk 2025	<div><p>Coptorhinini Scholtz, Davis &amp; de Klerk, new tribe</p><p>Type genus: Coptorhina Hope, 1833, here designated (Fig. 8)</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Differs from other tribes by a combination of characters, primarily unique wing venation combined with an elongate to ovoid habitus and clypeal dentition varying from comparatively simple to complex (see Description).</p><p>Description</p><p>Head: Surface of head punctate in males, anterior part of clypeus smooth and shiny in females of all species; anterior clypeal margin distinctly divided into two lateral protrusions in Coptorhina, Frankenbergerius and Sarophorus; lateral protrusions sexually dimorphic, extended into prongs in some male Frankenbergerius and Sarophorus but absent in females; anterior clypeal margin quadridentate in Delopleurus comprising four short spines with central two more extended than lateral two in some species.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotal disc with protuberances in Coptorhina, with a pattern of shiny tubercles in certain Sarophorus species, but evenly convex lacking carinae or protuberances in Frankenbergerius, Delopleurus and some Sarophorus species.</p><p>Wings: Metathoracic wings well developed featuring synapomorphic characters that are unique to Coptorhina, Delopleurus, Frankenbergerius and Sarophorus (Frolov et al. 2008; Fig. 7b): (1) wing membrane brown except for almost transparent basal part, (2) reduced anal area with veins J and AP 3+4 absent, (3) CuA vein widened apically along the wing margin, (4) RA 4 vein not reaching wing margin becoming wide and indistinct apically. Elytra evenly convex and smooth, punctate or tubercula. Epipleurae moderately to strongly sinuate with mid-lateral convexity and correspondingly widened metepisternae in Coptorhina and Delopleurus, less so in Frankenbergerius and Sarophorus (Frolov et al. 2008; Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015: p. 63).</p><p>Legs: Tarsi inserted at tip of tridentate fore tibiae adjacent to terminal spur.</p><p>Male genitalia: In Frankenbergeriu s, Coptorhina and Deloplerus ( Coptorhinini new tribe), the arrangement of accessory sclerites in the basal part of the aedeagal sacs (BSc + A with TS spur) is similar to that in Paraphytus ( Paraphytini new tribe) and some other genera of the “basal Scarabaeinae ” of Tarasov &amp; Dimitrov (2016) now in the tribes Elassocanthonini or Endroedyolini (Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015: pp. 35–37) . However, in the Coptorhinini other sclerites (AS and FLP) are also present (Tarasov &amp; Génier 2015: pp. 36–37).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism: In addition to characters of the head cited above, further sexually dimorphic characters are present in all genera but relatively weak; in Sarophorus, the anterior tibial spur of males is more strongly curved inwards and downwards and the setation of apices of the middle tibiae is denser in males; in Coptorhina, males differ from females in bearing a slightly convex final abdominal sternite; spur of the anterior tibiae bifurcated in male Frankenbergerius and more or less bifurcated in male Delopleurus; spur simple and acute in female Frankenbergerius, apically acute to rounded and curved inwards in female Delopleurus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFD99F5421C2FF3DFB980330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FD89FBE4055C.text	0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FD89FBE4055C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delopleurus Erichson 1848	<div><p>Delopleurus Erichson, 1848</p><p>(Fig. 10)</p><p>Type species: Delopleurus pullus Boheman, 1857</p><p>Delopleurus species are superficially similar, small (length: 3.5–6.1 mm), dark brown to black, and strongly convex (see description in Frolov 2014). Together with Coptorhina, the genus shares a sinuate and mid-laterally, very convex epipleural margin with a somewhat rectangular metepisternon that is widest posteriorly. It can be separated from Coptorhina by its quadridentate clypeus and smaller body size.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FD89FBE4055C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FC21FA66028C.text	0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FC21FA66028C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Frankenbergerius Balthasar 1938	<div><p>Frankenbergerius Balthasar, 1938</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>Type species: Frankenbergerius mirabilis Balthasar 1938 (synonym of F. armatus (Boheman, 1857))</p><p>Frankenbergerius species are small to medium-sized (length: 4.5–16 mm), black to dark brown and convex (see description in Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2005). The head and pronotal disc are densely punctate and pubescent although smooth and shiny in F. barratti . The clypeal margin is deeply sinuate in the centre and angulate to dentate at the sides in females with more or less developed horns in males of most species, spectacularly so in F. barratti . The metepisternum is triangular and widest anteriorly with a slightly convex epipleural margin. The epipleural cleft is slight and the elytra are opened and lifted to unfurl wings for flight since they not fused along the sutural margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FC21FA66028C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FF3DFDDB07B4.text	0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FF3DFDDB07B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarophorus Erichson 1848	<div><p>Sarophorus Erichson, 1848</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Type species: Sarophorus tuberculatus Erichson, 1848</p><p>Sarophorus species are medium-sized (length: 6–10 mm), black to dark brown and elongate (see description in Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2003). In some species the body surface is entirely densely punctate whereas in others, most of the pronotal disc is rugose. The clypeal margin is sinuate centrally and rounded to angulate at the sides with the anterior angles of the clypeus strongly protruding and curved upwards in S. bidentatus . Sarophorus species are superficially similar to those of Pedaria (Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396EE28FFD69F5B21C2FF3DFDDB07B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scholtz, Clarke H.;Davis, Adrian L. V.;Klerk, Hennie De	Scholtz, Clarke H., Davis, Adrian L. V., Klerk, Hennie De (2025): New tribes (Paraphytini, Coptorhinini) proposed for five African or Afro-Oriental dung beetle genera formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 79-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.3
