identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038950234342FF9FE1862F1BFDC4AF29.text	038950234342FF9FE1862F1BFDC4AF29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indarbela Fletcher 1922	<div><p>Genus Indarbela Fletcher, 1922</p><p>Fletcher 1922: 231.</p><p>Type species: Arbela tetraonis Moore, 1879 .</p><p>The replacement name for Arbela Moore, 1879 .</p><p>= Arbela Moore, 1879b: 411 .</p><p>Type species: Arbela tetraonis Moore, 1879, by subsequent designation by Moore, [1883]: 155. A junior homonym of Arbela Stål, 1865, Hemiptera Afr. 3: 42 – Insecta, Hemiptera .</p><p>= Lepidarbela Dalla Torre &amp; Strand, 1923: [3]. Unnecessary replacement name for Arbela Moore, 1879 .</p><p>Redescription. Male. Moths of medium size (length of forewing 9–13 mm). Antenna bipectinate, setae 4 times longer than antenna stem in diameter; antenna twice shorter than forewing. Forewing with pattern of transverse brown strokes of various widths on light brown or yellowish background, with expressed discal spot of medium size. In some specimens, brown stripes on the forewing almost fused. Hindwing brown, without pattern.</p><p>Male genitalia. Uncus long, slightly extending distally, apically with deep semicircular bifurcation, lobes of uncus wide, semicircular; gnathos arms of medium length, ribbon-like; scaphium and subscaphium fused into long spindle-like tube; valve short, wide, semicircular, with smooth edges, saccular edge (in basal half) strongly sclerotized, spoon-like; juxta of medium size, heart-like; saccus almost reduced; phallus twice shorter than valve, with greatly extended bilobed basal process, vesica aperture about 1/3 of phallus in length, vesica without cornuti.</p><p>Female. Moths of medium size (length of forewing 10–15 mm). Antenna bipectinate, setae twice longer than antenna stem in diameter; antenna three times shorter than forewing. Forewing with pattern of transverse brown strokes, partially fused into bands, background of fore wing light brown, with distinct small rounded discal spot. Hindwing light brown, with blurred rounded brown spots.</p><p>Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, papillae anales semicircular, anterior apophyses almost equal to posterior apophyses in length, short, thick; antrum funnel-shaped; ductus of medium length, sclerotized, bursa of medium size, rounded, without signa.</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus Indarbela clearly differs from the close genera (with the forked uncus) of the Oriental Metarbelidae in the following characters:</p><p>- the special pattern of stripes on the forewing,</p><p>- the poorly extended apex of the uncus,</p><p>- the specific spoon-like extension of the saccular edge of the valve,</p><p>- the well-structured bursa.</p><p>Composition: Monotypic genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038950234342FF9FE1862F1BFDC4AF29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Ahmad, Jalil;Singh, Navneet	Yakovlev, Roman V., Hulsbosch, Ramon, Ahmad, Jalil, Singh, Navneet (2025): Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. XIII. Genus Indarbela Fletcher, 1922. Zootaxa 5661 (4): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038950234342FF98E1862B97FCD6A80B.text	038950234342FF98E1862B97FCD6A80B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indarbela quadrinotatus (Walker 1856)	<div><p>Indarbela quadrinotatus (Walker, 1856)</p><p>Figs 1–20</p><p>Cossus 4-notatus Walker, 1856: 1521.</p><p>Type locality: Ceylon.</p><p>Type material: holotype (male) in NHMUK .</p><p>= Cossus abruptus Walker, 1865: 584 . Type locality: Hindostan. Type material: holotype (male) in NHMUK. In the original description (Walker 1865) states “presented by Sir J. Hearsay”.</p><p>However, this report does not help to accurately establish the type locality of C. abruptus, as the collector of the specimen, due to his extraordinary career, served in various portions of British India (Pearse 1905).</p><p>= Cossus tesselatus Moore, 1879a: 85−86, syn. rev. Type locality: Calcutta. Type material: syntypes in NHMUK and MfN.</p><p>= Arbela tetraonis Moore, 1879b: 411, syn. nov. Type locality: Bombay. Type material: holotype (female) in NHMUK.</p><p>Material examined. Male (holotype of Cossus 4-notatus Walker, 1856), Ceylon (NHMUK); male (holotype of Cossus abruptus Walker, 1865) E. Ind. (NHMUK); 1 male, 4 females (syntypes of Cossus tesselatus Moore, 1879), Calcutta, May [18]61, May [18]63, Apr. [18]69 (NHMUK, MfN); 1 female (holotype of Arbela tetraonis Moore, 1879), Bombay (NHMUK); 1 female, Bangladesch, Tschittagong, iv–v.1987 (MSW); 1 male, Ceylon (NHMUK, number specimen 012832510, slide 010315541); 1 female, Ceylon, Dec. [18]93 (NHMUK, number specimen 012832497, slide 010315528); 1 male, Colombo, i.[18]98, Mackwood coll. (NHMUK, number specimen 012832498, slide 010315529); 1 male, Calcutta, 15.iv.1938, D.G. Sevastopulo (NHMUK, number specimen 012832499, slide 010315530); 1 male, Nepal, Rapti Tal, Monakhari Khola, Belwa, 350 m, 8.v.1967, leg. Dierl, Forster &amp; Schacht (ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, S. Indien, Madurai, 18.vii.1985, leg. M. Eckrich (ZSM); 1 male, Himachal Pradesh, Hamirpur, 07.vi.[20]08, leg. P.C. Pathania &amp; A. Seni (NZCZSI); 1 male, Maharashtra, Amravati, 18.ix.2022, leg. Jalil Ahmad (NZCZSI); 1 male, Tamil Nadu, Krishnagiri, Oppathavadi, 10.xii.2021, leg. S. Chand &amp; Party (NZCZSI).</p><p>External and morphological variability. Size (see the Redescription of the Genus).</p><p>Colour: forewing background variable from light brown to chocolate brown (which in the collectible specimens may depend on the natural pattern fading), in some males line pattern on forewing very dense, almost merging. Similar variability in forewing background colour and density of spotted pattern on forewing in females. Minor variability in sacculus length, depth of incisura in uncus, width of valva, which we interpret as individual variability.</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 21): Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Bombay, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal), Nepal, Sri Lanka (Walker 1856, 1865; Moore 1879a, b, 1883; Gaede 1933; Sevastopulo 1962; Ali et al. 1996; Yakovlev &amp; Zolotuhin 2020; Chandra et al. 2021; Ahmad et al. 2023; Anonymous 2025). Reported for Pakistan (Arshad &amp; Hafiz 1983; Gul &amp; Chaudhry 1992).</p><p>Host plants. It is a known pest of woody vegetation in the region under the name “Bark-Borer”. It has been noted to feed on numerous species of trees: Moringa oleifera Lam. ( Moringaceae), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Psidium L., Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill &amp; L.A.S. Johnson, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. ( Myrtaceae), Acacia lenticularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., A. nilotica (L.) Delile, A. catechu (L.f.) Willd., Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth., A. lebbeck (L.) Benth., A. procera (Roxb.) Benth., Cassia fistula L., Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter &amp; R. Rankin, Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. ( Fabaceae), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Prunus domestica L., P. armeniaca L. ( Rosaceae), Gmelina arborea Roxb., Tectona grandis L.f. ( Lamiaceae), Ziziphus jujube Mill., Z. mauritiana Lamk. ( Rhamnaceae), Punica granatum L. ( Lythraceae), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Morus nigra L., Ficus benghalensis L., F. carica L. ( Moraceae), Mangifera L., Anacardium occidentale L. (Anancardiaceae), Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck, C. reticulata Blanco, 1837, C. × paradise Macfad., Chloroxylon swietenia DC. ( Rutaceae), Litchi chinensis Sonn. ( Sapindaceae), Phyllanthus emblica L. ( Phyllanthaceae), Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze ( Theaceae), Grewia asiatica L., Theobroma cacao L. ( Malvaceae), Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. ( Euphorbiaceae), Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, Mimusops elengi L. ( Sapotaceae), Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth ( Rubiaceae), Populus L. ( Salicaceae), Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight &amp; Arn. ( Combretaceae) (Gardner 1945; Sandhu et al. 1979, 1997; Lal &amp; Singh 1982; Arshad &amp; Hafiz 1983; Teli et al. 1983; Das et al. 1985; Verma 1985; Remadevi 1989; Kumawat &amp; Swaminathan 1990; Mote &amp; Tambe 1990; Baksha 1991; Shevale 1991; Gul &amp; Chaudhry 1992; Kumar 1994; Ali et al. 1996; Mathew 2002; Rao &amp; Prasad 2004; Sasidharan et al. 2010; Plantwise Plus 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038950234342FF98E1862B97FCD6A80B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yakovlev, Roman V.;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Ahmad, Jalil;Singh, Navneet	Yakovlev, Roman V., Hulsbosch, Ramon, Ahmad, Jalil, Singh, Navneet (2025): Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. XIII. Genus Indarbela Fletcher, 1922. Zootaxa 5661 (4): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
