identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038187CAFFBCFFAED893FAA1FAA3E8E2.text	038187CAFFBCFFAED893FAA1FAA3E8E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricetidae ROCHEBRUNE 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  CRICETIDAE ROCHEBRUNE, 1883</p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  ARVICOLINAE MILLER, 1906</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFBCFFAED893FAA1FAA3E8E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFBCFFB5D8EEFA2DF9B9E8E6.text	038187CAFFBCFFB5D8EEFA2DF9B9E8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eothenomys jinyangensis Shaoying 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> EOTHENOMYS JINYANGENSIS SHAOYING ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>JINYANG CHINESE VOLE</p>
            <p>  Holotype: Adult male, field number JY0313 (museum number SAF07013), collected by Liao Rui on 26 August 2007. The specimen was preserved at the Sichuan Academy of Forestry as a skin, cleaned skull, penis and tissue.  The external and cranial measurements (in millimetres) are as follows (see abbreviations under Material and methods): HBL 94.0 mm; TL 53.0 mm; HFL 18.0 mm; EL 16.0 mm; SGL 23.40 mm; SBL 21.78 mm; CBL 23.26 mm; ZB 12.26 mm; IOW 3.50 mm; MB 10.52 mm; SH 8.72 mm; ABL 6.28 mm; LMxT 4.56 mm; LMbT 4.68 mm; LM 15.35; M-M 4.26 mm; and OLLI 7.28 mm. Body mass was 22 g. The skull, dentition and mandible are shown in Figure 7A 1–A 6, A 9, and pictures of the holotype are shown in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4A). </p>
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                 Type locality:   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.7/lat 103.275)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=103.275">Baicaopo Nature Reserve</a>
                 , Jinyang county, Liangshan Canton, southwestern Sichuan, China, 103.275°N, 28.700°E, elevation 3490 m. This specimen was trapped with a steel trap [Jiangxi Mouse Devices Factory (JMDF)] in tall grassland with scattered young natural firs  . 
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            <p>Paratypes: Forty-two specimens (22 males and 20 females). Eighteen topotype intact adult specimens (12 males and six females; field numbers: JY0221 ♂, JY0222 ♂, JY0223 ♂, JY0234 ♀, JY0235 ♂, JY0309 ♀, JY0310 ♂, JY0314 ♂, JY0315 ♂, JY0318 ♀, JY0417 ♂, JY0418 ♂, JY0423 ♂, JY0718 ♂, JY0719 ♀, JY0727 ♀, JY0729 ♂ and JY0833 ♀). Twenty-four topotype adults with skulls broken (ten males, 14 females; field numbers: JY0218, JY0219, JY0220, JY0311, JY0312, JY0316, JY0317, JY0414, JY0415, JY0416, JY0419, JY0420, JY0421, JY0422, JY0720, JY0721, JY0724, JY0725, JY0726, JY0821, JY0824, JY0827, JY0831 and JY0832).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Currently known only from the type locality and contiguous area,&gt; 3000 m, moist grass with sparse fir habitat.</p>
            <p> Etymology: The species name was derived from the county, Jinyang, wherein the type locality is found. Baicaopo Natural Reserve occurs at high elevation in Jinyang County. Here, a large area of wetland supports a high biodiversity. In addition to  E. jinyangensis sp. nov. , the rare species  Proedromys liangshanensis occurs in this reserve. The lower part of this county is facing environmental threats from farming and grazing. By naming the new species after the county, we highlight the importance of this area for conservation of endemic biodiversity. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Small body and head, usually &lt;100 mm in length (averaging 92 mm); hindfeet &lt;19 mm. Tail averages approximately half of HBL (equal to, slightly shorter than or slightly longer than half HBL). Grey pelage on back without an abrupt transition to ventral pelage. Third upper molar usually has six inner or six outer angles, although very complex with much variation; third upper molar has five inner and five outer, or five inner and four outer angles in some specimen (Fig. 7A).</p>
            <p>Description: Pelage from neck to hip uniform grey; some specimens with feeble yellow or yellow-brown colour. Entire back covered with fine, long, velvet hair of approximately 10–12 mm in length; proximal part of fur black-grey and distal part grey. Scarcely any guard hairs in inner fur. Venter more lightly coloured than the dorsum, black-grey at the base and grey-white at the tip of hairs with no guard or pile hairs; some specimens with brushed grey-yellow tips. Transition between darker dorsal and lighter ventral pelage not abrupt. Margin of lip grey. Approximately 25 mystacial vibrissae on both sides, half of the hair white and other half black; shortest vibrissa ~ 5 mm and longest 28 mm.</p>
            <p>Ears project slightly above the pelage. Front part of the ears covered with dense fur, the colour same as that of the back; back of ears covered with thinner, shorter grey fur. Tail grey on top and yellow-white below. Hair at tip of tail slightly elongated. Hair on the dorsal surface of the forefoot grey brushed with yellow. Hairs on venter of forefeet grey and longer than the dorsal hairs. Hair on dorsal surface of hindfeet yellow-white and on ventral surface of hindfeet grey. Claws white. Five palmar and six plantar pads. Females with one pair of inguinal and one pair of pectoral mammae.</p>
            <p> Skull slender, straight in dorsal profile, with flattened brain case (Fig. 7A). Nasal broad anteriorly narrowing posteriorly. Posterior margin of nasals rounded and protruding in front of the maxilla (Fig. 7). Posterior and anterior of frontal broad, middle a little narrower. Interparietal broad, anterior part triangle shaped and posterior margin arc shaped (Fig. 7A). Interorbital or temporal ridges absent. Zygomatic arches slender and middle part slightly broader. Auditory bullae moderately sized. Incisory foramen 1.5 mm wide and 4.2 mm long. Posterior palate typical of  Eothenomys , ending as a thin transverse shelf without a median bony bridge (Fig. 7A). Mandibles medium sized. </p>
            <p>The first upper molar with four closed triangles after anterior transverse space, two inner and two outer closed triangles, and three outer and three inner angles. The second upper molar with three closed triangles after anterior transverse space, one inner and two outer closed triangles, thus forming two inner and three outer angles. The third upper molar of holotype with seven triangles and an inward ‘C-loop’, with only two triangles closed, and five inner and six outer angles. Pattern of third upper molar varies; among 41 adult specimens (excluding three adults with skulls broken), 49% have five inner and six outer angles, 7% have six inner five outer angles, 39% have five inner and five outer angles, and 5% have five inner and four outer angles (Fig. 7A).</p>
            <p>The OLLI is 7.24 (7.10–7.30) mm. Lower incisors relatively long, averaging 14.07 (13.84–14.32) mm, occupying 86 (84.5–87.3)% of mandible length, and exceeding concavity of mandibular condyle and coronoid process. The first lower molar (Fig. 7) with a transverse posterior space and two pairs of triangles open and confluent to each other in front of it, the anterior of which has an inner opened triangle and a trefoil, resulting in six inner and four outer angles. Some specimens, including the holotype, with five inner and four outer angles. The second lower molar has a transverse posterior space with two opposing pairs of triangles widely open and confluent at their bases; three outer and three inner angles. The third lower molar has three transverse superimposed spaces and three inner and three outer angles (Fig. 7A 9).</p>
            <p>Glans penis (Fig. 8A) pole-like and slender, with a ventral groove (Table 6). The LG averages 3.65 mm and DG averages 1.84 mm (Table 6). Outer crater with four obvious papillae on all sides (Fig. 8A). Morphology of urethral lappet varies; most specimens with four forks, middle being very short; a few with three forks (Fig. 8A 2). Dorsal papilla large and with two fore-and-aft tips (Fig. 8A 3). Proximal baculum bony and rhombus shaped; some specimens with slightly concave base. Total length of baculum (TLB) averages 3.70 mm; proximal baculum length (PBL) averages 2.34 mm (Table 6). Distal baculum also bony and stick shaped, with proximal part bulgy. Lateral bacular processes also stick shaped. Distal baculum length (DBL) averages 1.23 mm, and lateral baculum length averages 0.87 mm (Table 6).</p>
            <p>Reproduction: Pregnancy ratio of adult females was ~48% in August. Two embryos usually occur in pregnant individuals, but some individuals have one.</p>
            <p>In adult males, 42% of individuals with orchidoptosis in August.</p>
            <p>Habitat: This species inhabits moist highland grasslands with sparse fir at elevations&gt; 3000 m. Grass height is ~ 1.5 m and very dense. In low areas, there are grass marshes.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFBCFFB5D8EEFA2DF9B9E8E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFA7FFB5D8A1FA28FABDEB6D.text	038187CAFFA7FFB5D8A1FA28FABDEB6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricetidae ROCHEBRUNE 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  CRICETIDAE ROCHEBRUNE, 1883</p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  ARVICOLINAE MILLER, 1906</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFA7FFB5D8A1FA28FABDEB6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFA7FFB8D8F0F9D4F9D6E829.text	038187CAFFA7FFB8D8F0F9D4F9D6E829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eothenomys meiguensis SHAOYING 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> EOTHENOMYS MEIGUENSIS SHAOYING ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>MEIGU CHINESE VOLE</p>
            <p>  Holotype. An adult male, field number MGLL75150101 (museum number: SAF07004), collected by Yang Liu on 16 May 2007. The specimen was preserved at the Sichuan Academy of Forestry as a skin, cleaned skull, penis and tissue.  The external and cranial measurements (in millimetres) are as follows </p>
            <p>(abbreviations in Material and Methods): HBL 91.0 mm; TL 45.0 mm; HFL 17.0 mm; EL 13.0 mm; SGL 23.36 mm; SBL 22.00 mm; CBL 23.30 mm; ZB 13.34 mm; IOW 4.32 mm; MB 10.60 mm; SH 8.66 mm; ABL 6.22 mm; LMxT 5.20 mm; LMbT 5.08 mm; LM M-M: 4.54 mm and OLLI: 7.46 mm. Body mass was 24 g. The skull, dentition and mandible are shown in Figure 7B 1–B 6, B 8, and pictures of the holotype are shown in the Supporting Information (Fig. 4B).</p>
            <p> Type locality: Lanlong region of Dafengding National Nature Reserve, Meigu county, Liangshan Canton, southwestern Sichuan, 28.62169°N, 102.9119°E;  elevation 3020 m. This specimen was trapped with large steel trap (made by JMDF) in a 30-year-old spruce and fir plantation . </p>
            <p>
                 Paratypes: Forty specimens (18 males and 22 females). Fifteen intact adults (eight males and seven females), including four male and five female paratopotypes: MGLL75130101 ♂, MGLL75130102 ♀, MGLL75140102 ♀, MGLL7520014 ♀, MGLL 107♀, MGLL 802♂, MGLL 1005 ♀, MGLL 1006 ♂ and MGLL1106 ♂ (28.61904 – 28.62168 °N, 102.9075– 102.9149°E).   Four males (BBS16002, BBS16010, BBS16014 and BBS16022) and two females (BBS16003 and BBS16011) from the Bibo Mountain (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.37748/lat 28.49971)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.37748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.49971">Biboshan</a>
                 ; 28.505777 – 28.49971 °N, 102.360457– 102.37748°E, elevation 3300–3850 m)   in  Yuexi county , Sichuan  . Twenty-one adults with skulls broken and four juveniles (ten males and 15 females), of which 13 specimens are topotypes (MGLLI002, MGLL106, MGLL208, juvenile, MGLL209, MGLL611, MGLL612, MGLL1103, MGLL 1104, juvenile, MGLL1105, MGLLBA0505, MGLLBA1001, MGLLBA1003, MGLLBA1004, seven males and six females, 28.61932 – 28.62488 °N, 102.9075– 102.9278°E; 2840–3090 m),   one specimen (MB004 ♀, juvenile) from Mabian county on the eastern side of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.3253/lat 28.70722)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.3253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.70722">Dafengding Mountain</a>
                 peak (28.70722°N, 103.3253°E; 2560 m)  ,   and two specimens (MGDW4003 ♂, MGDW4004 ♀, juvenile) from Meigu county, western side of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.275/lat 28.9661)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.9661">Dafengding Mountain</a>
                 peak (28.9661°N, 103.2750°E; 2910 m)  .   Eight specimens (BBS16012, BBS16013, BBS16015, BBS16016, BBS16017, BBS16023, BBS16028 and BBS16029, two males and six females) from the Biboshan Mountains,  Yuexi county , Sichuan  . 
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            <p>Distribution: Lannong region of Dafengding National Nature Reserve and areas surrounding the Dafengding Mountain peak, including Mabian and Meigu counties. The new species also occurs in Bibo Mountain bordering Mianning, Yuexi, Shimian and Ganluo counties, and on the mountain ridges among Yuexi, Ganluo, Ebian and Zhaojue counties.</p>
            <p> Etymology: The new species is named for Meigu county, where the type locality, Dafengding National Nature Reserve, is located. Meigu county has the highest biodiversity in Sichuan. Dafengding National Natural Reserve also has giant panda, takin and golden monkeys, and it is the type locality of  P. liangshanensis . The species epithet highlights the high value of the region. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Body and head medium, usually &lt;110 mm in length (averaging 98 mm); hindfeet &lt;19 mm (average 17 mm). Ears relatively short, averaging &lt;13 mm. Tail length (averaging 47 mm, less than half of HBL) equal to or slightly longer than the half length of body and head. Abrupt transition in colour between dorsal and ventral pelage; back brown. The third upper molar usually has five inner and four outer angles, or five inner and five outer angles. The third upper molar is very complex and variable; a small number of specimens have six inner or outer angles (Fig. 7B).</p>
            <p>Description: Pelage from neck to hip uniform brown; entire back covered with fine, long velvet hair, approximately 8–10 mm in length; proximal part of the fur black-grey and distal part yellow-brown; inner fur with small black guard hairs longer than fur. Venter grey-white and much lighter in colour than dorsum. Darker dorsal and lighter ventral pelage transitions. Margin of lip grey-black and more fuscous than laryngeal, ~18–20 mystacial vibrissae on both sides; shortest vibrissa ~ 6 mm long and longest ~ 24 mm. Base of most mystacial vibrissae black and tips white, with some either entirely black or white.</p>
            <p>Ears as long as pelage; margin of front part covered with dense back fur, and back of ears with thinner, shorter greyish fur. Tail greyish above and grey-white below, but some with uniform colour; hair of tail tip slightly longer. Hair on dorsal surface of forefoot grey-black or grey-white; hair on ventral surface of forefeet grey and longer than on dorsal surface. Hair on dorsal surface of hindfeet grey-white and lustrous, and on ventral surface grey-black. Claws white. Five palmar and six plantar pads. Females with one pair of inguinal and one pair of pectoral mammae.</p>
            <p> Skull slender (Fig. 7B), straight dorsal profile, with flattened brain case. Nasals broad anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly. Posterior margin of nasals cuspate, protruding in front of maxilla. Posterior and anterior parts of frontal bone broad, median slightly narrower. Interparietal bone broad, anterior part triangle shaped and posterior margin arc shaped (Fig. 7B). Interorbital ridge absent. Distinct temporal ridges present. Zygomatic arches medium, and middle part slightly broader. Auditory bullae moderately sized. Incisory foramen 1.5 mm wide and 4.5 mm long. Posterior palate typical of  Eothenomys , ending as a thin transverse shelf without a median bony bridge (Fig. 7B). Mandibles medium in size (Fig. 7B). Upper incisors medium and orange. Molars rootless. The first upper molar (Fig. 7B) with four closed triangles after the anterior transverse space, and two inner and two outer closed triangles; with three outer and three inner angles. The second upper molar with three closed triangles after the anterior transverse space and one inner and two outer closed triangles, forming two inner and three outer angles. The third upper molar (of holotype) with six triangles after anterior transverse space and an inward ‘C-shaped’ loop, only three triangles and interior transverse space closed; five inner and five outer angles, but the pattern of the third upper molar varies; of 37 specimens (excluding two adults and two juveniles with skulls broken that could not be classified), 32.4% with five inner and five outer angles, 56.8% with five inner and four outer angles, 5.4% with five inner and six outer angles, and 5.4% with six inner and five outer angles (Fig. 7B 6, B 7). </p>
            <p>The OLLI is 7.07 (6.86–7.60) mm. Lower incisors relatively long at 14.07 (14.34–15.28) mm, 87.7% of mandible length, and exceeding the concavity of the mandibular condyle and coronoid process. The first lower molar (Fig. 7B 8) with a transverse posterior space, with two pairs of triangles open and confluent to each other in front of it; anteriormost with a trefoil. This tooth usually with five inner and four outer angles, but some specimens with six inner and four outer angles. The second lower molar with a transverse posterior space and two opposite pairs of triangles widely open and confluent at their bases; with three outer and three inner angles. The third lower molar with three transverse superimposed spaces and three inner and three outer angles.</p>
            <p>The glans penis (Fig. 8B) pole-like, slender, with a ventral groove (Table 6). The LG averages 4.24 mm, and DG averages 2.05 mm (Table 6). Outer crater with five unobvious papillae on all sides (Fig. 8B). Urethral lappet has two patterns: ~50% of specimens with three forks, middle fork very short; the other 50% with two forks. Dorsal papilla large, with two fore-and-aft tips. Proximal baculum bony and bowl shaped, with slightly concave base. The TLB averages 3.84 mm and PBL averages 2.42 mm (Table 6). Distal baculum bony and stick shaped, with proximal part obviously widened; lateral bacula processes stick shaped. The DBL averages 1.30 mm and LBL averages 0.94 mm (Table 6).</p>
            <p>Reproduction: Begins to reproduce in late May and typically gives birth to two offspring. Pregnancy ratio of adult females is ~44% at the end of May. In adult males, 60% individuals have orchidoptosis in May.</p>
            <p>Habitat: Type locality is a 30-year-old planted fir and spruce forest, previously consisting of bamboo with abundant humus and bryophytes. Dafengding peak, Bibo Mountain and the other mountain ridges usually have original fir or spruce forest. All habitats occur at&gt; 3000 m elevation in moist and abundant humus with rhododendron and bamboos.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFA7FFB8D8F0F9D4F9D6E829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFAAFFB8D893FA6AFAA3E8A8.text	038187CAFFAAFFB8D893FA6AFAA3E8A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricetidae ROCHEBRUNE 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  CRICETIDAE ROCHEBRUNE, 1883</p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  ARVICOLINAE MILLER, 1906</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFAAFFB8D893FA6AFAA3E8A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFAAFFB9D8DCFA16FCD5EEF7.text	038187CAFFAAFFB9D8DCFA16FCD5EEF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eothenomys luojishanensis SHAOYING 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> EOTHENOMYS LUOJISHANENSIS SHAOYING ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>LUOJISHAN CHINESE VOLE</p>
            <p>  Holotype: Adult female, field number LJS010 (museum number: SAF081183), collected in Sichuan by Yang Liu on 6 August 2008.  The specimen was deposited at Sichuan  Academy of Forestry as a skin with cleaned skull and tissue.  The external and cranial measurements (in millimetres) are as follows (abbreviations in Material and Methods): HBL 108 mm; TL 55.0 mm; HFL 18.0 mm; EL 13.0 mm; SGL 25.07 mm; SBL 23.70 mm; CBL 25.03 mm; ZB 13.36 mm; IOW 4.16 mm; MB 11.26 mm; SH 9.07 mm; ABL 6.5 mm; LMxT 5.20 mm; LMbT 5.50 mm; LM 17.91 mm; M-M 5.00 mm; and OLLI 7.50 mm. Body mass 30 g. The skull, dentition and mandible shown in Fig. 6C 1–C 6, C 8, and pictures of the holotype are provided in Supporting Information (Fig. 4C). </p>
            <p> Type locality: Luojishan Nature Reserve, Puge County, Liangshan Canton, southwestern Sichuan, 27.578903°N, 102.374423°E;  elevation 3680 m. This specimen was trapped with large steel trap (made by JMDF) in original fir forest . </p>
            <p> Paratypes: Thirteen specimens (eight males and five females). Nine intact adults (five males and four females):  five specimens (LJS011 ♀, LJS013 ♂, LJS015 ♂, LJS025 ♀ and LJS026 ♂) paratopotypes . Four specimens (LJS16001 ♂, LJS16014 ♀, LJS16015 ♀ and LJS16017 ♀) from 30 km south of the type locality (27.33176 – 27.33856 °N, 102.46640– 102.47954E, elevation 3113–3300 m).   Four adults with skulls broken, of which two are topotypes (LJS012 ♂ and LJS014 ♀) and two are from 30 km south of the type locality (LJS16012 ♂ and LJS16013 ♂),  Luojishan Nature Reserve , Puge County, Sichuan  . </p>
            <p>Distribution: Known only from the high-elevation region of the Luoji Mountains (Luojishan;&gt; 3000 m), at the borders of Dechang, Puge, Ningnan and Miyi counties. Luojishan Nature Reserve occurs in the Luoji Mountains, Puge County, Sichuan.</p>
            <p>Etymology: The new species is named for the type locality, Luojishan Nature Reserve, on the mountain ridge between Puge and Dechang counties. This reserve has a high biodiversity that is facing severe threats from tourism. This new species is endemic to this reserve.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Relatively large body and head, usually&gt; 95 mm in length (average 103 mm); TL is slightly larger than HBL on average; hindfeet 17–18 mm. Compared with other species of subgenus  Ermites, HBL larger than that of  E. jinyangensis and  E. meiguensis on average; and TL / HBL smaller than those of  E. tarquinius and  E. hintoni , but longer than those of  E. jinyangensis and  E. meiguensis . (Fig. 7C). Third upper molar relatively stable; ~80% of specimens with five inner and four outer angles, and 20% of specimens with five inner and five outer angles (Fig. 7C). Glans penis with two two outer crater papillae on each side, and dorsal papilla with a single tip (Fig. 8C). </p>
            <p>Description: Pelage (summer) from neck to hip uniform brown-black. Top of head and area surrounding eyes back. Entire back covered with fine, velvet hair ~ 10 mm in length. Ventral hairs with grey-black base and a yellow-brown tip, but some specimens with yellow-white tips. Transition between darker dorsal and lighter ventral pelage relatively abrupt. Margin of lip grey. Approximately 20 mystacial vibrissae on both sides; half of the hairs white, and the other half black-grey. Shortest vibrissa ~ 4 mm and longest 25 mm.</p>
            <p>Ears project obviously above pelage; 2.5 mm margin of front part of ears covered with dense grey-black hairs. Lower part and area surrounding of auditory meatus with very few hairs; 2 mm margin of back of ears with dense, shorter black hairs. Remaining back of ear covered with long, villous grey-white furs. Back and ventral area of tail almost uniform grey-black; ventral part slightly thinner, with no hair bundle at the top of the tail. Base of hair on dorsal surface of forefoot grey-black; tip yellow-white and glossy. Hairs on venter of forefeet yellow-white, glossy. Claws yellow-white. Six palmar and six plantar pads. Females with one pair of inguinal and one pair of pectoral mammae.</p>
            <p> Skull slender, in dorsal profile straight, and brain case flattened (Fig. 7C); mid-parietal bone highest point of skull. Nasal broad anteriorly narrowing posteriorly. Posterior margin of nasals rounded, protruding in front of the maxilla (Fig. 7C). Posterior and anterior of frontal broad, middle a little narrower. Interparietal broad, anterior part triangle shaped and posterior margin arc shaped (Fig. 7C). Interorbital and temporal ridges absent. Zygomatic arches slender and middle part slightly broader. Auditory bullae moderately sized. Incisory foramen 1.5 mm wide and 4.5 mm long. Posterior palate typical of  Eothenomys , ending as a thin transverse shelf without a median bony bridge (Fig. 7C). Mandibles medium sized (Fig. 7C). </p>
            <p>Upper incisors medium and orange. Molars rootless. The first upper molar with four triangles after the anterior transverse space, two inner and two outer triangles open and confluent, and three outer and three inner angles. The second upper molar with three closed triangles after the anterior transverse space, one inner and two outer closed triangles, thus forming two inner and three outer angles. The third upper molar of the holotype with five inner and four outer angles; and the third upper molar of the type series specimens have two patterns: ~80% of specimens as in the holotype, with five inner and four outer angles; remaining 20% with five inner and five outer angles (Fig. 7C 6, C 7).</p>
            <p>The OLLI is 6.93 (6.49–7.50) mm. Lower incisors relatively short, only slightly exceeding the concavity of the mandibular condyle and coronoid process. The first lower molar (Fig. 7) has six inner and four outer angles. The second lower molar has a transverse posterior space, with two opposing pairs of triangles widely open and confluent at their bases, three outer and three inner angles. The third lower molar has three transverse superimposed spaces and three inner and three outer angles (Fig. 7C 8).</p>
            <p>Glans penis (Fig. 8C) pole-like and slender, with a ventral groove (Table 6). The LG averages 3.67 mm and DG averages 1.77 mm (Table 6). Outer crater with two obvious papillae on all sides (Fig. 8C). Urethral lappet with three forks, the middle being very short (Fig. 8C 2). Dorsal papilla large, with only one tip, and slightly short of dorsal outer crater (Fig. 8C 3). Proximal baculum bony and rhombus shaped and slightly concave at base. Total length of baculum averages 3.57 mm; PBL averages 2.20 mm (Table 6). Distal baculum also bony and stick shaped, with proximal part bulgy. Lateral bacular processes also stick shaped. The DBL averages 1.32 mm and LBL averages 0.93 mm (Table 6).</p>
            <p>Reproduction: Begins to reproduce in late May. Approximately 50% of adult males show orchidoptosis. Pregnancy ratio of adult females was very low in late May.</p>
            <p>Habitat: This species inhabits azalea shrubs with sparse fir at elevations&gt; 3000 m. Azalea shrub height 2–3 m, 50% coverage; sparse fir height approximately 6–7 m, 20% coverage. Understorey, humus 10 cm thick. Moss very abundant, 80% coverage.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFAAFFB9D8DCFA16FCD5EEF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFABFFB9DBC9FC32FD55E970.text	038187CAFFABFFB9DBC9FC32FD55E970.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricetidae ROCHEBRUNE 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  CRICETIDAE ROCHEBRUNE, 1883</p>
            <p> SUBFAMILY  ARVICOLINAE MILLER, 1906</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFABFFB9DBC9FC32FD55E970	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
038187CAFFABFFBBDB04FBBEFBE8EC1A.text	038187CAFFABFFBBDB04FBBEFBE8EC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eothenomys shimianensis Shaoying 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> EOTHENOMYS SHIMIANENSIS SHAOYING ,  SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>SHIMIAN CHINESE VOLE</p>
            <p> Holotype: Adult male, field number SHM15004 (museum number: SAF15109), collected by Shaoying Liu on 31 July 2015.   Holotype deposited at Sichuan Academy of Forestry as a skin, cleaned skull, penis and tissue.  The external and cranial measurements (in millimetres) are as follows (see abbreviations in Material and Methods): HBL 95.0 mm; TL 37.0 mm; HFL 17.0 mm; EL 12.0 mm; SGL 25.21 mm; SBL 23.97 mm; CBL 25.18 mm; ZB 14.26 mm; IOW 4.44 mm; MB 11.33 mm; SH 9.64 mm; ABL 6.56 mm; LMxT 5.77 mm; LMbT 5.71 mm; LM and M-M 5.19 mm. Body mass was 24 g. The skull, dentition and mandible are shown in Figure 6C 1–C 3, C 8, and pictures of the holotype are shown in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4D)  . </p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   Liziping National Nature Reserve, Shimian County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.24837/lat 28.93888)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.24837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.93888">Yaan</a>
                 , southwestern Sichuan (28.93888°N, 102.24837°E; elevation 2390 m). This specimen was trapped with large steel trap (made by JMDF) in dense grassland bordering an alder plantation and surrounding broadleaf deciduous forest with abundant bamboos  . 
            </p>
            <p> Paratypes: Eight specimens (four males and four females). Three intact adults (one male and two females): SHM 15005 ♀ topotype; NYH02  ♂ from Nanyahe River in Shimian County, Sichuan (28.67473°N, 101.61008°E; elevation 2238 m); and SMLZP02005 ♀ from 1 km northeast of the type locality. Five adult specimens (three males and two females) with broken skulls: NYH01  ♂ from Nanyahe River of Shimian County; and SMLZP02004 ♂, SMLZP02006 ♂, SMLZP02007 ♀ and SMLZP02008 ♀ from 1 km northeast of type locality (elevation 1850 m). </p>
            <p>Distribution: Known only from Liziping Nature Reserve and both sides of Nanyahe River, Shimian County, Sichuan.</p>
            <p> Etymology: The new species is named for Shimian County, where the type locality, Liziping Nature Reserve, is located.  Eothenomys shimianensis sp. nov. occurs on both sides of the Nanyahe River in Shimian County at very low elevations, ranging from 2200 to 2600 m. Liziping Nature Reserve is located on the upper reaches of the Nanyahe River. This area faces very serious threats from road and tourism. By naming this new species for Shimian County, we highlight that this endemic species needs protection. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Medium body and head, ~ 100 mm in length; hindfeet &lt;20 mm. Compared with other species of subgenus  Eothenomys, TL / HBL equal to that of  E. fidelis , but measurements of the new species are much smaller than those of  E. fidelis ; TL / HBL of new species longer than those of E. m.  colurnus and  E. melanogaster , shorter than those of  E. cachinus ,  E. eleusis and  E. miletus . Pelage on back yellow-brown. Palate similar to that of other species of  Eothenomys (Fig. 6A). Third upper molar with four inner and three outer angles (Fig. 6A). Baculum of new species distinct; proximal baculum flask-like, and urethral lappet also unique (Fig. 9A). </p>
            <p>Description: Pelage (summer) from neck to hip uniform, with base of hairs grey and distal area yellow-brown, ~ 7.5 mm long. Nose region, top of head and around eyes grey-black mixed with a few yellow-brown hairs. Ventral hairs grey-black at the base, with a weak yellow-brown tip. Gradual transition between darker dorsal and lighter ventral pelage. Approximately 25 mystacial vibrissae on both sides, black-grey in colour, and tips of long mystacial vibrissae (&gt; 15 mm) white; shortest vibrissa ~ 5 mm and longest 24 mm.</p>
            <p>Ears project above pelage; 4 mm margin of front part of the ears covered with dense black fur; lower part and area surrounding the auditory meatus almost without fur; back of ear covered with dense, short, black hairs. Dorsal part of tail grey-black, ventral part grey-white, and dorsal hairs slightly longer. Dorsal hairs on forefoot (tarsus metatarsus to wrist metacarpus) grey-black, ventral forefoot and hindfeet with same colour. Claws yellow-white. Six palmar and five plantar pads. Females with one pair of inguinal and one pair of pectoral mammae.</p>
             KEY TO SUBGENERA  EOTHENOMYS AND ERMITES 1. First upper molar with 4 inner triangles: subgenus  Eothenomys ............................................................. … 2  First upper molar with three inner triangles; tail at least half of HBL; HBL averages &lt;115 mm; skull length averages &lt;27.5 mm; variable structure of third upper molar complex: subgenus  Ermites ............. 8 2. HBL averages&gt; 105 mm ….............................................................................................................................. 3  HBL averages &lt;105 mm ................................................................................................................................. 4 3. TL longer than half of HBL ............................................................................................................  E. cachinus TL shorter than half of HBL ...........................................................................................................…  E. fidelis 4. TL averages&gt; 40% of HBL .............................................................................................................................. 5  TL averages &lt;40% of HBL .......................................................................................................................... … 7 5. HBL small, averaging ~ 95 mm, TL averaging ~45% of HBL .......................................................…  E. eleusis HBL large, averaging ~ 100 mm ...................................................................................................................... 6 6. TL averages ~43.5% of HBL .............................................................................................................  E. miletus TL averages ~41% of HBL ................................................................................................... …  E. shimianensis 7. Distributed south of Yangzi River ...................................................................................................  E. colurnus Distributed north of Yangzi River ..........................................................................................  E. melanogaster 8. HBL averages ≥ 100 mm ................................................................................................................................. 9  HBL averages &lt;100 mm ............................................................................................................................... 11 9. HBL&gt; 110 mm, TL averages ~60% of HBL ............................................................................ …  E. tarquinius HBL averages ~ 100 mm ............................................................................................................................ … 10 10. TL averages ~55% of HBL ..............................................................................................................  E. hintoni TL averages ~50% of HBL ...................................................................................................  E. luojishanensis 11. The third upper molar of&gt; 50% of specimens with six inner or six outer angles; grey pelage on back without an abrupt transition to ventral pelage; glans penis averages &lt;3.7 mm .................  E. jinyangensis The third upper molar of&gt; 50% specimens with five inner and four outer angles; abrupt transition in colour between dorsal and ventral pelage; brown back; glans penis averages&gt; 4.2 mm ...................  E. meiguensis
            <p> Dorsal profile of skull cambered (Fig. 6A), with highest point on frontal between interorbitals. Nasal broad anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly; posterior margin of nasals straight and relatively short, not reaching suture between maxilla and frontal (Fig. 6A). Posterior and anterior of frontal broad, middle a little narrower. Interparietal broad, quinquangular (Fig. 6A). Interorbital ridges absent, but with squamosal ridge from the middle to temporal fossa. Zygomatic arches strong, with broader middle part (Fig. 6A). Auditory bullae relatively small, average 6.5 mm, with welldeveloped paraoccipital process. Posterior palate typical of  Eothenomys , ending as a thin transverse shelf without a median bony bridge (Fig. 6A). Mandibles medium sized. </p>
            <p>Upper incisors medium and orange. Molars rootless. The first upper molar with three outer and four inner angles, second with three inner and three outer angles, and third with four inner and three outer angles (Fig. 6A6).</p>
            <p>The OLLI is 6.96 (6.37–7.44) mm on average. Lower incisors relatively long, markedly exceeding the concavity of the mandibular condyle and coronoid process. The first lower molar (Fig. 6A 7) has five inner and four outer angles, second has a transverse posterior space with two opposing pairs of triangles widely open and confluent at their bases and three outer and three inner angles, and third lower molar has three transverse superposed spaces and three inner and three outer angles (Fig. 6A 7).</p>
            <p>Glans penis (Fig. 9A) pole-like and relatively sturdy, with ventral groove (Table 5). The LG averages 4.3 mm and DG averages 2.2 mm (Table 5). Outer crater with three obvious papillae on all sides (Fig. 9A). Urethral lappet very distinct, with three forks, and all forks tend to divide into two forks (Fig. 9A 2). Dorsal papillae cone-like, with two tips (Fig. 9A 3). Proximal baculum bony and flask shaped. The TLB is 4.1 mm and PBL 2.6 mm (Table 5). Distal baculum also bony and stick shaped, with bulgy proximal part. Lateral bacular processes stick shaped. The DBL is 1.3 mm and LBL is 1.1 mm (Table 5).</p>
            <p> R e p r o d u c t i o n: I n e a r l y J u l y, 5 0 % o f a d u l t  E. shimianensis had orchidoptosis, but at this time no females were pregnant. In late July, the pregnancy ratio of adult females was ~33%. </p>
            <p>Habitat: This species inhabits moist broadleaf forest at low elevations (&lt;2400 m), at ~ 2200 m. The understorey consists of bamboo, with 20% coverage. Grass height ~ 40 cm, with 40% coverage. Soil very soft, sand abundant, surrounded with boulders. Humus ~ 5 cm in depth.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187CAFFABFFBBDB04FBBEFBE8EC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Shao-Ying;Chen, Shun-De;He, Kai;Tang, Mingkun;Liu, Yang;Jin, Wei;Li, Song;Li, Quan;Zeng, Tao;Sun, Zhi-Yu;Fu, Jian-Rong;Liao, Rui;Meng, Yang;Wang, Xin;Jiang, Xue-Long;Murphy, Robert W.	Liu, Shao-Ying, Chen, Shun-De, He, Kai, Tang, Mingkun, Liu, Yang, Jin, Wei, Li, Song, Li, Quan, Zeng, Tao, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Fu, Jian-Rong, Liao, Rui, Meng, Yang, Wang, Xin, Jiang, Xue-Long, Murphy, Robert W. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of subgenus Eothenomys (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Eothenomys) with the description of four new species from Sichuan, China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 569-598
