taxonID	type	description	language	source
0380375D5D27FFFDB8A7FC4E2C23FC1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816. New combinations: Tetragonopterus daguae (Eigenmann, 1913), comb. nov. Diagnosis: Tetragonopterus is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: a deep and compressed body, two rows of premaxillary teeth with the inner row generally consisting of five or more teeth, a flattened prepelvic area that is bounded laterally by well-marked angles and a complete lateral line with an anterior portion that is strongly bent downwards (Eigenmann, 1917). Species of this genus are also recognizable, as mentioned by Silva et al. (2017), by a deep body, complete lateral line and the presence of pentacuspidate teeth in the inner premaxillary row. Tetragonopterus daguae does not share with the remaining species in the genus the branched name in black were analysed from both morphological and molecular data; taxa in blue from several DNA markers plus some morphological characters coded from literature; taxa in red from just one DNA marker (COI) plus some morphological characters coded from literature; and taxa in green analysed only from morphological data. The expression ‘ best searches’ refers to the calculations of overall parsimony explained in the text. laterosensory canal in the sixth infraorbital and has four supraneurals instead of the three proposed by Silva et al. (2017) to be synapomorphic for Tetragonopterus. However, the coded specimen of T. argenteus had four supraneurals, suggesting an intraspecific variation that could be present also in other species of the genus. Synapomorphies: With the addition of Tetragonopterus daguae, the genus is supported by: ten ethmoid cartilage distant from lateral ethmoids (40: 1), sphenotic spine long and reaching hyomandibular dorsal margin (47: 1), supraoccipital spine extended dorsal to entire neural complex of Weberian apparatus (61: 0), laterosensory pore anterior to dilatator fossa oriented dorsomedially (115: 0), five teeth in the inner premaxillary series (182: 0), dentary teeth abruptly decreasing in size (207: 1), metapterygoid foramen for passage of the pseudobranch artery as an oblique canal through the metapterygoid (228: 1), axis of supraneurals dorsally bifurcated (396: 1), bony lamellae developed on supraneurals (397: 1) and the presence of iii dorsal-fin rays with the anterior one visible only in c & s specimens (404: 1). STEVARDIINAE: ERETMOBRYCONINI	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D26FFFEB8F3FC6B2B95FC15.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Eretmobrycon bayano Fink, 1976. New combination: Eretmobrycon festae (Boulenger, 1898) comb. nov. Diagnosis: Eretmobrycon is recognizable by having four teeth in the inner premaxillary row, iii + 9 dorsal-fin rays supported by ten pterygiophores, only one row of scales covering up to half the anal-fin base * and scales covering only the base of the caudal fin *. Eretmobrycon was supported in the phylogenetic analysis only by molecular data (44 synapomorphies) given that the characters (marked above with an asterisk) distinguishing it from Markiana Eigenmann, 1903, its sister-group, were optimized as plesiomorphies for Stevardiinae. S y n a p o m o r p h i e s: T h e E r e t m o b r y c o n i n i a r e supported by 25 molecular and seven morphological and molecular data; taxa in blue from several DNA markers plus some morphological characters coded from literature; taxa in red from just one DNA marker (COI) plus some morphological characters coded from literature; and taxa in green analysed only from morphological data. The expression ‘ best searches’ refers to the calculations of overall parsimony explained in the text. synapomorphies: absence of a bony rhinosphenoid (34: 0), a long sphenotic spine that reaches the dorsal margin of hyomandibula (47: 1), the sixth infraorbital almost completely covering the dilatator fossa (94: 0), tubule for passage of blood vessels on lamellar maxillary portion with an anterior branch (142: 1), ventral margin of posttemporal situated more posterior than lateral margin of epioccipital (336: 1), three unbranched dorsal-fin rays articulating with first dorsal-fin pterygiophore (404: 1) and two pairs of uroneurals (427: 1).	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D25FFFEBA02FC6F2C2FFDC0.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, 1911. New combinations: Makunaima guaporensis (Eigenmann, 1911) c o m b. n o v., M a k u n a i m a g u i a n e n s i s (E i g e n m a n n, 1 9 0 9) c o m b. n o v., Makunaima multidens (Eigenmann, 1908) comb. nov. Diagnosis: Makunaima is diagnosed from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: presence of two rows of teeth in the premaxilla, with five or six in the inner row, a naked caudal fin, circuli absent on posterior field of scales, more than five maxillary teeth, dorsal expansion of the rhinosphenoid present, base of the teeth from inner premaxillary row as broad as distal portion, a single tubule for passage of blood vessels on lamellar portion of the maxilla, complete lateral line with 31 to 35 perforated scales and the caudal fin hyaline or with a blotch but always lacking a black longitudinal stripe. S y n a p o m o r p h i e s: M a k u n a i m a i s r e c o v e r e d a s monophyletic, supported by four morphological synapomorphies: posterior laterosensory pore of pterotic aligned with ventral pore (119: 1), dentary teeth abruptly decreasing in size (207: 1), posterior margin of quadrate reaching a vertical line through tip of symplectic (234: 0) and the opercle with pronouncedly concave posterior margin (252: 1). Etymology: Makunaima (also spelled as Macunaima or Makonaima) is a god of creation in the mythology of several Amazonian tribes. According to legend, Makunaima created animals and a great tree from which all food plants grew. Gender: masculine.	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D25FFFFB89CFDD72B5AFD09.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, 1907	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D25FFFFB89CFDD72B5AFD09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: With the proposed composition, an expanded genus Deuterodon is distnguished from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: a naked caudal fin, circuli absent on posterior field of scales, laterosensory pore anterior to dilatator fossa oriented dorsomedially (except in D. mutator), base of the teeth from the inner premaxillary row smaller than their distal portion (except in D. heterostomus, D. oyakawai and D. sazimai), rhinosphenoid expanded dorsally between olfactory nerves and the presence of a single tubule for passage of blood vessels on the lamellar portion of the maxilla. Synapomorphies: Deuterodon is herein obtained as monophyletic, supported by the three molecular and four morphological synapomorphies, mostly related with dentition: presence of five or more cusps on teeth from outer premaxillary row (177: 1), seven or more cusps on first maxillary tooth (194: 1), six or more cusps on dentary teeth (202: 1) and presence of two pairs of uroneurals (427: 1). Several species currently assigned to Astyanax, mostly from coastal basins of southern Brazil were found to be closely related to Deuterodon as defined by Lucena & Lucena (1992). These species are herein transferred to Deuterodon, expanding the taxonomic definition of the genus. Also, the genera Myxiops Zanata & Akama and Probolodus Eigenmann are synonymized with Deuterodon. ‘ Hyphessobrycon ’ luetkenii was also consistently recovered in this clade and transferred to Deuterodon. ‘ Deuterodon ’ potaroensis Eigenmann, 1909 was not found in this clade and remains as incertae sedis in the Stethaprioninae.	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D24FFFFB8CFFF6B2C59FDF4.taxon	description	This clade is highly supported and stable in all analyses. It is supported by 33 molecular and three morphological synapomorphies: long supraoccipital spine that extends dorsal to entire neural complex of the Weberian apparatus (61: 0), anterior tip of pelvic bone reaching a position anterior to second pleural rib (376: 0) and four or fewer supraneurals (392: 0).	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D24FFFFBA69FC982C5EFF14.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997. New combinations: Jupiaba ajuricaba (Marinho & Lima, 2009) comb. nov., Jupiaba anterior (Eigenmann, 1908) comb. nov. Diagnosis: The new composition herein proposed for a monophyletic genus Jupiaba is diagnosed from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: rhinosphenoid present and expanded dorsally between the olfactory nerves, circuli present on posterior field of scales, the base of the inner premaxillary teeth approximately as wide as their distal portion, absence of bony hooks in mature males, and by the presence of two series of teeth in the premaxilla, a complete lateral line and a naked caudal fin. Synapomorphies: The clade of Jupiaba, including its type species, is supported by 12 molecular and two morphological synapomorphies: abrupt decrease of dentary teeth (207: 1) and presence of 25 or more gill filaments attached to leading edge of first ceratobranchial (304: 1).	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D2BFFF1BA3EF9E62B87FF35.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854.	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D2BFFF1BA3EF9E62B87FF35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: A monophyletic Astyanax can be diagnosed from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: laterosensorial pore anterior to dilatator fossa oriented lateroventrally, rhinosphenoid (when present) lacking a dorsal expansion between olfactory nerves, presence of circuli on posterior field of scales, presence of an anterior branch of the tubule for passage of blood vessels on lamellar portion of maxilla, naked caudal fin and a complete lateral line. Synapomorphies: According to the present analysis, the synapomorphies of this clade are 14 from molecular data and two from morphology: cusps of second premaxillary row of teeth forming an anteriorly concave semicircle from ventral view (179: 0) and reduced lateral urohyal bony expansions (305: 1).	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D2BFFF1BA3EF9E62B87FF35.taxon	description	The Astyanax bimaculatus clade, supported by 14 molecular synapomorphies, includes all analysed species assigned to the Astyanax bimaculatus group. Also, it contains two members of the Astyanax orthodus group and Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876). The species with a horizontally ovate humeral spot are, in the final hypothesis, paraphyletic in terms of A. maximus, which is obtained as the sister-species of A. argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999. However, the position of A. maximus is variable among the different analytical conditions, resulting in the monophyly of the A. bimaculatus group in some analyses.	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D2AFFF1BA7BFA782A1CF8AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Astyanax latens Mirande et al., 2004. New combinations: Andromakhe latens (Mirande et al., 2004) comb. nov., Andromakhe paris (Azpelicueta et al., 2002 b) comb. nov., Andromakhe saguazu (Casciotta et al., 2003 a) comb. nov., Andromakhe stenohalina (Messner, 1962) comb. nov., Andromakhe tupi (Azpelicueta et al., 2003)	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
0380375D5D2AFFF2B884FB9C2BF0F952.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911. New combinations: Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907) comb. nov., Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio, 2010) comb. nov., Psalidodon bockmanni (Vari & Castro, 2007) comb. nov., Psalidodon chico (Casciotta & Almirón, 2004) comb. nov., Psalidodon correntinus (Holmberg, 1891) comb. nov., Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena & Thofehrn, 2013) comb. nov., Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894) comb. nov., Psalidodon endy (Mirande et al., 2006) comb. nov., Psalidodon erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891) comb. nov., Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) comb. nov., Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann, 1911) comb. nov., Psalidodon hermosus (Miquelarena, Protogino & López, 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon ita (Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2002) comb. nov., Psalidodon jequitinhonhae (Steindachner, 1877) comb. nov., Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta et al., 2002 b) comb. nov., Psalidodon marionae (Eigenmann, 1911) comb. nov., Psalidodon ojiara (Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000) comb. nov., Psalidodon pampa (Casciotta et al., 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon parahybae (Eigenmann, 1908) comb. nov., Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann, 1914) comb. nov., Psalidodon pelegrini (Eigenmann, 1907) comb. nov., Psalidodon powelli (Terán et al., 2017) comb. nov., Psalidodon puka (Mirande et al., 2007) comb. nov., Psalidodon pynandi (Casciotta et al., 2003 b) comb. nov., Psalidodon rivularis (Lütken, 1875) comb. nov., Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns, 1842) comb. nov., Psalidodon schubarti (Britski, 1964) comb. nov., Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta et al., 2002 b) comb. nov., Psalidodon tumbayaensis (Miquelarena & Menni, 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon xavante (Garutti & Venere, 2009) comb. nov., Psalidodon xiru (Lucena et al., 2013) comb. nov. Diagnosis: The resurrected and expanded genus Psalidodon is diagnosed from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: laterosensory pore anterior to dilatator fossa oriented lateroventrally, rhinosphenoid lacking a dorsal projection between olfactory nerves, circuli absent on posterior field of scales (excepting P. erythropterus and P. pelegrini), presence of an anterior branch in the maxillary tubules for blood vessels, possession of 0 – 3 maxillary teeth (usually 1), anal-fin origin posterior to a vertical line through last dorsal-fin ray and a naked caudal fin. Synapomorphies: Psalidodon is obtained as monophyletic with moderate support. The monophyly of the genus is obtained from four molecular and two morphological synapomorphies: the presence of five or more cusps on teeth both from the outer premaxillary row (177: 1) and the maxilla (193: 1).	en	Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F., Mirande, J. Marcos (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1217-1234
