taxonID	type	description	language	source
0387D968FFFF4C32D066F93F058F2186.taxon	description	The phylogenetic position of Kelloggella within Gobiidae is unclear. Both Gosline (1955) and Hoese (1975) studied the osteology of Kelloggella but neither made specific hypotheses regarding phylogenetic affinities. In a survey of gobioid vertebral osteology, Birdsong, Murdy & Pezold (1988) placed Kelloggella in a group by itself based on the unique vertebral count of 11 precaudal and 15 caudal vertebrae, coupled with relatively uncommon presence of a single anal-fin pterygiophore (vs. two or more) inserted before the caudal vertebrae. Thacker & Roje (2011) analysed phylogenetic relationships with Gobiidae using sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes, but their analysis did not include Kelloggella. Nonetheless, in an attempt to provisionally classify all genera in Gobiidae, they tentatively placed Kelloggella in the ‘ coral goby’ group, which was represented by Eviota, Gobiodon and Bryaninops in their molecular tree (Thacker & Roje, 2011). That provisional decision was based on the diminutive size of Kelloggella and an alleged superficial similarity to Eviota, although no specifics were given regarding the morphological similarities. The monophyly of the ‘ coral goby’ group of Thacker & Roje (2011) has been supported by three subsequent molecular phylogenies (Agorreta & Rüber, 2012; Agorreta et al., 2013; Tornabene, Chen & Pezold, 2013), but all studies to date have had very limited taxon sampling within the ‘ coral goby’ group and none included Kelloggella. Comprehensive and detailed taxonomic descriptions often provide information that is invaluable for future comparative morphological / phylogenetic studies, as well as those on the ecology, biogeography and macroevolution. Recently, material has become available that facilitates such a study on Kelloggella. During a recent trip to island nation of Nuie in the Central Pacific Ocean, a series of specimens and live photographs of an undescribed species of Kelloggella were obtained while sampling tidepools in search of specimens of Eviota. In addition, we obtained tissue samples from a new series of specimens of K. oligolepis from Hawaii, and from a series K. disalvoi from Easter Island, which now enable us to infer the phylogenetic position of the genus using molecular data. Collectively, we take advantage of these new sources of material to provide a detailed description of the new species, Kelloggella avaiki sp. nov. We expand on the published information on the osteology of Kelloggella through observations of cleared and stained specimens of K. oligolepis and the new species and briefly compare their morphology with other gobiids including those hypothesized to be close relatives based on the molecular phylogeny.	en	Tornabene, Luke, Deis, Brian, Erdmann, Mark V. (2018): Evaluating the phylogenetic position of the goby genus Kelloggella (Teleostei: Gobiidae), with notes on osteology of the genus and description of a new species from Niue in the South Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 143-162
0387D968FFFD4C31D25EFA720244267B.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 6, 9, 10, 12 A, 14, 15 A)	en	Tornabene, Luke, Deis, Brian, Erdmann, Mark V. (2018): Evaluating the phylogenetic position of the goby genus Kelloggella (Teleostei: Gobiidae), with notes on osteology of the genus and description of a new species from Niue in the South Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 143-162
0387D968FFF04C22D24BFF63032922E1.taxon	description	Kelloggella avaiki can easily be distinguished from all other species by the presence of bright blue spots on the body and fins, with a dark grey, dark blue or black background. Kelloggella cardinalis is uniformly green to light greenish-grey, with red-orange fins (Fig. 18; also see photos in Allen, Steen & Orchard, 2007 and Allen & Erdmann, 2012). All other species of Kelloggella possess distinct vertical bars (or in females of some species, vertically paired spots or blotches) down the side of the body (Fig. 19). Five species of Kelloggella have been described that possess distinct vertical bars in males, including K. oligolepis (type locality Hawaii), K. quindecimfasciata (type locality Ryukyu Islands, Japan), K. centralis (type locality Rarotonga, Cook Islands), K. tricuspidata (type locality Hiva Oa, Marquesas) and K. disalvoi (type locality Easter Island) (Fig. 19). Female coloration is either similar to the males or consists of paired spots or vertically oriented blotches instead of vertical bars. There has been confusion regarding which of these species are valid, with K. centralis being synonymized with K. quindecimfasciata (Sawada, 1977) and K. quindecimfasciata being considered as synonym of K. oligolepis (Hoese, 1975; the latter two are both currently considered valid; Eschmeyer, Fricke & van der Laan, 2017). Among these five nominal species with vertical bands, K. tricuspidata (Fig. 19 I) is perhaps the most distinct and is distinguished from the others in having fewer dark vertical bars (7 vs. 9 – 11), which are distinctly narrower (white interspaces equal to or wider than dark bars vs. being notably narrower than dark bars), and in possessing six or seven inner rows of tricuspid teeth in each jaw (vs. two to four inner rows). The other four nominal species have been distinguished from each other by authors by a combination of characters including modal differences in the number of bars on the body of males (i. e. 9 vs. 10 vs. 11); the presence or absence of sexual dichromatism; differences in the thickness of vertical bars on body; dentition; modal differences in number of branched caudal rays (15 vs. 16); modal differences in the number of pectoral rays (12 vs. 13 vs. 14); modal differences in the number of anal rays (I, 7 vs. I, 8) and modal differences in second dorsal rays (I, 10 vs. I, 11 vs. I, 12). In examining both K. oligolepis and K. disalvoi from their respective type localities, there is considerable variation in the number and width of the bands on the body, both between individuals of a population, and also before and after preservation within a single individual (e. g. Fig. 19 A – F). In addition, sexual dichromatism has been variously reported for K. oligolepis. Hoese (1975) noted that K. oligolepis lacked pronounced sexual dichromatism. At the time, he was basing this on his observations of individuals from both Hawaii and Easter Island (= K. disalvoi). Greenfield & Randall (2004) and Randall (2009) noted that K. oligolepis in Hawaii were sexually dichromatic (Fig. 19 K, L), and Randall noted the K. disalvoi were not. On the contrary, recent collections of K. disalvoi indeed showed variation in colour pattern with sex, and to a lesser extent, with size (Fig. 19 A – G). Given the overlap among some of the aforementioned characters (e. g. number of vertical bars), intraspecific variation in others (e. g. width of vertical bars and female colour patterns), the difficulty in accurately observing dentition from specimens that are not cleared and stained and the fact that some characters have been incorrectly reported in past studies (e. g. branched caudal-ray counts; see Winterbottom & Emery, 1986 for details), we are hesitant to take a strong stand regarding which species are valid. Therefore, we unfortunately refrain from including a key for the genus at this time. Additional geographic sampling is needed to sort out the validity of this species group, ideally in concert with an integrative taxonomic approach that includes data from DNA sequences, morphology and live / fresh coloration of both sexes. This approach has recently proved useful, if not essential, in clarifying the taxonomy of other diminutive, morphologically similar groups of gobies from the ultra-diverse tropical Indo-Pacific region (e. g. Winterbottom et al., 2014; Greenfield & Tornabene, 2015; Tornabene et al., 2015, 2016 a). Comparative cleared and stained material examined: USNM 440505, Kelloggella oligolepis; USNM 253375, Eviota sp.; USNM 225183, Eviota sp.; USNM 221756, Eviota sp.; USNM 230083, Eviota sp.; USNM 71405, Eviota abax; USNM 216580, Eviota distigma; USNM 223063, Eviota sp.; USNM 287162, Acentrogobius madraspatensis; USNM 30626, Lythrypnusdalli; FMNH 121346, Lythrypnus dalli; USNM 216191, Gobiopsis macrostomus; USNM 147966, Coryogalops ocheticus; USNM 306266, Gobiodon citrinus; USNM 287159, Oplopomus oplopomus; USNM 244143, Amblygobius decussatus; USNM 236664, Parioglossus raoi; USNM 287163, Bathygobius cf. soporator; USNM 287161, Istigobius ornatus; uncataloged, Nes longus; USNM 435307, Bryaninops sp.; USNM 435308, Cryptocentrus strigilliceps; USNM 435309, Gobitrichinotus radiocularis; USNM 439365, Kraemeria samoensis; USNM 143153, Kraemeria bryani. UW 157173, Eviota sp. nov.; UW 157174 Pleurosicya mossambica; UW 19036, Ptereleotris microlepis; UW 11991, Paragobiodon echinocephalus; FMNH 107439, Paratrimma nigramenta.	en	Tornabene, Luke, Deis, Brian, Erdmann, Mark V. (2018): Evaluating the phylogenetic position of the goby genus Kelloggella (Teleostei: Gobiidae), with notes on osteology of the genus and description of a new species from Niue in the South Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 143-162
