identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F8813F217EFFA9A3A8522F9158F758.text	03F8813F217EFFA9A3A8522F9158F758.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta Stal Posteroventral 1862	<div><p>Thyanta Stal 1862</p><p>Thyanta Stal, 1862a:58; Stal, 1867:529; Stal, 1872:34-35; Distant, 1880:65; Summers, 1898:45; Kirkaldy, 1909:94; VanDuzee, 1917:5 l; Blatchley, 1926: 104, 112- 113; Jensen-Haarup, 1928:185- 186; Furth, 1974:21-22; Froeschner, 1981:71; McPherson, 1982:48, 76-77; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:74, 76; Froeschner, 1988: 592.</p><p>Type species. Cimex perditor F., 1794 (by subsequent designation, Kirkaldy, 1909: XXX).</p><p>Diagnosis. Third (second visible) abdominal stemite lacking medial spine or tubercle. Each ostiolar ruga sulcate proximally, reaching at least three-fourths distance from mesial margin of ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron. Bucculae evanescent or arcuately truncate at posterior terminations. Juga and tylus usually subequal in length; rostrum reaching at least to metacoxae. Femora unarmed; superior surface of each tibia usually sulcate. Width of scutellum at distal end of frena two-fifths or less basal scutellar width. Each paramere narrowly rounded to acute apically, lacking denticles, usually lacking lateral lobe, rarely with spinose lateral lobe.</p><p>Comments. The genus  Thyanta is closely related to two other pentatomine genera,  Cyptocephala Berg and  Tepa Rolston and McDonald, from which it can be separated reliably only by differences in the male genitalia. In all northern hemisphere species of  Thyanta, the head of each paramere lacks a lateral lobe. In  Cyptocephala and  Tepa, the parameres have well-developed lateral lobes.  Cyptocephala further differs from  Tepa and  Thyanta by having minute denticles between the lateral lobe and the apex of the paramere. The parameres of species of  Tepa and  Thyanta lack denticles. Jensen-Haarup (1928) described the subgenus  Parathyanta within  Thyanta . Rolston and McDonald (1984) placed  Parathyanta in the synonymy of  Cyptocephala . At the same time, they transferred 4 species from  Thyanta to  Cyptocephala and 6 species from  Thyanta to  Tepa . The species of both  Cyptocephala and  Tepa have been reviewed recently (Rolston, 1972, 1986; Rider, 1986a).</p><p>The genus  Thyanta is divided into three subgenera:  Argosoma Rider,  Phacidium Breddin, and  Thyanta . All 8 species of the subgenus  Phacidium are restricted to South America and have been treated in an earlier paper (Rider and Chapin, 1991).  Argosoma contains 20 species, 6 of which are known to occur outside South America. The nominate subgenus contains 9 species of which 7 are known to occur in the area covered by the present paper.</p><p>KEY TO SUBGENERA OF  THYANTA STAL</p><p>I. Dorsal surface relatively shiny, glossy; punctures relatively large, sparse; pygophoral opening relatively large; posteroventral surface of pygophore produced into small, blunt, chin-like protuberance; ectal surface of each paramere concave; spermathecal bulb globose ...................................................  Argosoma Rider Dorsal surface appearing matte, not shiny; punctures relatively small, dense; pygophoral opening relatively small, posteroventral surface of pygophore not produced into blunt, chin-like protuberance; ectal surface of each paramere convex; spermathecal bulb globose or digitiform...................................... 2</p><p>2(1). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular or rectangular impression; posterior margin of pygophore with medially emarginate production in middle; theca large, subtriangular, with small protuberance on each side near lateral dorsal margin; proximal end of sclerotized rod cone-shaped; spermathecal bulb digitiform ................................................................  Thyanta Stal Posteroventral surface of pygophore smoothly arcuate or with distinct sulcus, not with semicircular or rectangular impression; posterior margin of pygophore nearly transverse, lacking medial production; theca reniform, lacking protuberances on lateral dorsal margin; proximal end of sclerotized rod may be slightly swollen, but not cone-shaped; spermathecal bulb globose...  Phacidium Breddin</p><p>KEY TO SPECIES OF  THYANTA OCCURRING NORTH OF SOUTH AMERICA</p><p>l Anterolateral margins of pronotum piceous; mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice black 2 - Anterolateral margins of pronotum not piceous; coloration of mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice variable, often immaculate 3</p><p>2(1). Piceous markings along anterolateral pronotal margins relatively broad, usually easily visible from dorsal view; pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; general form relatively broad (eastern U.S.) .............  calceata (Say) Piceous markings along anterolateral pronotal margins relatively narrow, not easily visible from dorsal view; pygophoral opening subtended by rectangular impression; general form relatively narrow (coastal plain from central Louisiana to Florida to New York) .................................. custator  custator (Fabricius)</p><p>3(1). Humeral angles rounded to angulate, but never spinose 4 Humeral angles distinctly spinose.................................. 6</p><p>4(3). Dorsal punctation minute, dense, surface appearing matte; pygophoral opening subtended by rectangular impression; ectal surface of each paramere convex, lacking dorsomedial concave surface (Fig. 34); spermathecal bulb digitiform (Fig. 47) 5 Dorsal punctation coarse, sparse, surface glossy; posteroventral surface of pygophore produced into blunt chin-like protuberance; each paramere with dorsomedial surface concave (Fig. 126); spermathecal bulb globose (Fig. 136) ........ 10</p><p>5(4). Postspiracular black spot usually present on each side of each abdominal sternite and usually larger in diameter than adjacent spiracle; if absent or smaller than spiracle, then humeral angles usually angulate (eastern U.S.) ................................... .......................... custator  accerra McAtee (part) Postspiracular area of each abdominal sternite immaculate; or, ifblack spot present, then spot is usually smaller in diameter than adjacent spiracle; humeral angles rounded, never angulate (western U.S.) ........................  pallidovirens (Stal)</p><p>6(3). Mesia! angle of each pronotal cicatrice often marked with black; posterolateral angle of each abdominal sternite usually black; pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression, posterior margin with distinct medial slit (Fig. 71) 7 Without above black markings; pygophoral opening subtended by rectangular impression, posterior margin straight, concave, or sinuous, without medial slit (Fig. 41) (southwestern U.S.; Mexico; Guatemala) ... custator  accerra McAtee (part)</p><p>7(6). Complete or partial transhumeral reddish band usually present; both anterolateral and posterolateral angles of each abdominal sternite usually piceous.... 8 Reddish band between humeral angles usually absent; each abdominal sternite with anterolateral angle immaculate, each posterolateral angle with at most a small black spot......................................................... 9</p><p>8 (7). Humeral angles directed anterolaterad, usually approaching a 45 -degree angle with longitudinal axis of body (Fig. 63) (southern U.S. to northern Argentina) ................................................................  perditor (Fabricius) Humeral angles directed primarily laterad and only slightly anterad (Fig. 78) (Baja California, Mexico)........................ ........  spectabilis Ruckes</p><p>9(7). Yellow anterolateral pronotal margins contrasting with rest of pronotum; pronotal cicatrices immaculate; usually smaller than 9.0 mm long by 6.0 mm wide (Cuba; British West Indies)......................... .....  cubensis Barber &amp; Bruner Anterolateral pronotal margins concolorous with rest of pronotum; mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice usually black; usually larger than 9.0 mm long by 6.0 mm wide (Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico)....... .....  serratulata Ruckes</p><p>10(4). Southwestern U.S.; Mexico; Central America..................... 11 Southern Florida; West Indies........................... 12</p><p>11(10). Ostiolar canal narrowed at middle, becoming slightly wider towards apex (Fig. 137); posterolateral angle of each abdominal sternite usually immaculate; apex of each paramere nearly spinose in medial view (Fig. 124) (southwestern U.S.; northwestern Mexico)............................. ............  planifrons Ruckes Ostiolar canal acuminate apically; posterolateral angle of each abdominal sternite piceous, sometimes only a minute portion ofthe tip piceous; apex ofeach paramere narrowly rounded in medial view (Fig. 140) (southern Texas; Mexico; Central America) ................................................  maculata (Fabricius)</p><p>12(I 0). Each paramere in medial view with apex straight or bending slightly ventrad (Fig. 155), concave surface oriented more mediad than dorsad; posteromesial angles of basal plates distinctly excavated, resulting concavity broadly U-shaped (Fig. 165) (Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela) ...........................  vadosa Rider Each paramere in medial view with apex curving slightly dorsad, orientation of dorsomedial concave surface variable; posteromesial angles ofbasal plates rounded or weakly emarginate.............. ............................. I 3</p><p>13(12). Concave surface of each paramere oriented more mediad than dorsad (southern Florida) .................................................  pseudocasta Blatchley Concave surface of each paramere oriented more dorsad than mediad.... 14</p><p>14(13). Apex of each paramere rounded in ectal view (Fig. I 86); spermathecal duct with relatively small amount of swelling and coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 197) (Greater Antilles) ............................................  obsoleta (Dallas) Apex of each paramere spinose in ectal view (Fig. 20 I); spermathecal duct with large amount ofswelling and coiling below proximal flange, swelling carrot-shaped (Fig. 212) (Lesser Antilles; northern South America) ......  testacea (Dallas)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F217EFFA9A3A8522F9158F758	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F217CFFAEA3E859929452F991.text	03F8813F217CFFAEA3E859929452F991.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) Stal	<div><p>Subgenus  Thyanta Stal</p><p>Diagnosis. Punctures minute, dense. Posterior terminations ofbucculae evanescent. Anterolateral pronotal margins straight to concave, sometimes marked with piceous; humeral angles rounded to angulate, often spinose; pronotal cicatrices sometimes marked with piceous in mesial angles. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Superior surface of each tibia sulcate.</p><p>Posterior margins of basal plates sinuous, posteromesial angles entire (Fig. 13). Distal end of sclerotized rod cone-shaped (Fig. 14); spermathecal bulb digitiform; cylindrical structure below proximal flange (Fig. 15). Pygophoral opening small, subtended on posteroventral surface by a rectangular or semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore straight to concave in caudal view, with medially incised protuberance in middle (Fig. 9). Each paramere F-shaped, obtuse protuberance on shaft usually prominent, apex spinose, ectal surface convex (Fig. 3), roughened spiculate area on lateral surface linear (Fig. 5). Each lateral conjunctiva} lobe of aedeagus with single spinose diverticulum (Fig. 6); dorsomedial conjunctiva} lobe usually well-developed (Fig. 7), theca large; subtriangular in lateral view, with dorsolateral protuberance on each side near caudal limit (Fig. 8); medial penial lobes and penisfilum moderate in size.</p><p>Comments. Species of the subgenus  Thyanta have the pygophoral opening subtended by a semicircular or rectangular impression, and the posterior margin is distinctly emarginate medially. Species of  Phacidium have the posteroventral surface of the pygophore arcuately rounded or sulcate, and the posterior margin is not emarginate medially. The posteroventral surface of the pygophore in species of  Argosoma is produced into a blunt, chin-like protuberance. The ectal surface of each paramere is concave in  Argosoma and convex in both  Phacidium and  Thyanta .</p><p>The female genitalia are also useful in separating species ofThyantaandPhacidium. In  Thyanta, the distal end of the sclerotized rod is cone-shaped, and the spermathecal bulb is digitiform. In  Phacidium, the distal end of the sclerotized rod is swollen subapically and narrowed distally, and the spermathecal bulb is globose. The female genitalia ofboth  Phacidium and  Argosoma are very similar, but females can usually be separated by dorsal punctation which is relatively dense in  Phacidium and less dense and more coarse in  Argosoma .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F217CFFAEA3E859929452F991	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F217BFFA2A32557E5950CFD62.text	03F8813F217BFFA2A32557E5950CFD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) calceata (Say 1832) Piceous	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) calceata (Say)</p><p>Figs. 1-15, Map 1</p><p>Pentatoma calceata Say, 1831:8 .</p><p>Thyanta custator (ofauthors, not Fabricius): Herrich-Schaffer, 1844:96, 106, fig. 771; Uhler, 1886:7 (part); Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148 (part); Kirkaldy, 1909:94 (part); Banks, 1910:90 (part).</p><p>Thyanta custator calceata: Uhler, 1872:399 .</p><p>Thyanta calceata: Barber, 1911: 108- 111; Van Duzee, 1917:53; Hart, 1919:184, 217, fig. 70; Blatchley, 1926:113, 117-118; Torre-Bueno, 1939:231; Ruckes, 1957a:21- 22; Hoffman, 1971:44; Furth, 1974:22, 23-24; McPherson, 1982:76-77, 79-80, fig. 72; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:figs. 23, 27; Froeschner, 1988:593.</p><p>Diagnosis. General form broad, ovate. Transhumeral rubiginous band usually present; vertex of head and tylus often reddish.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins nearly parallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 2). Humeral angles rounded to angulate; anterolateral pronotal margins piceous, straight to weakly concave in dorsal view (Fig. l); mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice piceous. Each abdominal sternite with postspiracular spot on each side and posterolateral angles piceous.</p><p>Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view slightly concave; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 13). Posterolateral angles of pygophore continuing onto posteroventral surface as vague carinae, forming semicircular impression in caudoventral view. Posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, in ventral and dorsal views appearing convex with small, medial, V-shaped emargination (Figs. 10, 11); slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 12).</p><p>Types. The type specimen of  Pentatoma calceata is apparently no longer in existence, and Say's original description (1831) will fit equally well for either  T. calceata or  T. custator. Previous usage has, however, fixed both species, and therefore designation of a neotype is not necessary.</p><p>Distribution. Eastern U.S. (Map 1).</p><p>Specimens examined. 1,105 specimens collected during every months of the year; deposited in AMNH, ARH, AUA, CAS, CNC, CUC, DAR, DBT, EGER, FMNH, FSCA, INHS, ISU, LRH, LSU, MSU, MSUE, NCSU, NDSF, OSUC, POLH, PUL, SIUC, SMEK, TAMU, UAT, UCB, UCR, UCS, UGA, UIM, UMC, USNM, VPI, WSU.   UNITED STATES: Alabama:  Autauga,   Barbour,   Bibb,   Cherokee,   Chilton,   Clay,   Cleburne,   Coosa,   Covington,   Dallas,   De Kalb,   Elmore,   Houston,   Lee,   Lowndes,   Macon,   Madison,   Perry,   Randolph,   Shelby,   Tallapoosa,   Wilcox,   Winston .   Arkansas:  Benton,   Boone,   Carroll,   Grant,   Hempstead,   Hot Spring,   Logan,   Marion,   Nevada,   Newton,   Polk,   Sevier,   Union,   Yell .   Connecticut:  Litchfield,   New Haven. District of Columbia .   Florida:  Collier,   Holmes,   Taylor .   Georgia:  Bartow,   Bibb,   Bryan,   Chatham,   Clark,   Cobb,   De Kalb,   Floyd,   Franklin,   Fulton,   Habersham,   Hall,   Harris,   Johnson,   Madison,   Marion,   Oconee,   Oglethorpe,   Paulding,   Peach,   Rabun,   Sumter,   Talbot,   Thomas .   Illinois:  Champaign,   Franklin,   Hancock,   Hardin,   Jackson,   Johnson,   Pope,   Union,   Vermilion,   Williamson .   Indiana:  Crawford,   Howard,   Porter,   Tippecanoe .   Iowa:  Henry,   Van Buren .   Kansas:  Bourbon,   Douglas .   Kentucky:  Barren,   Carter,   Green,   Laurel,   Trigg .   Louisiana:  Allen,   Acadia,   Beauregard,   Caddo,   Calcasieu,   Claiborne,   De Soto,   East Baton Rouge,   East Feliciana,   Grant,   Jefferson Davis,   Natchitoches,   Rapides,   Sabine,   St. Landry,   Tangipahoa,   Vernon,   Webster,   West Feliciana,   Winn .   Maryland:  Allegany,   Anne Arundel,   Calvert,   Charles,   Frederick,   Montgomery,   Prince Georges .   Massachusetts:  Bristol .   Michigan:  Wayne .   Mississippi:  Adams,   Amite,   Copiah,   Forrest,  Franklin,   Jones,   Lauderdale,   Leake,   Lincoln,   Monroe,  Newton,   Oktibbeha,   Panola,  Perry,   Pontotoc,   Tallahatchie,   Walthal .   Missouri:  Barry,  Benton,  Boone,   Butler,   Callaway,   Camden,  Carter,  Crawford,   Dade,  Douglas,   Greene,   Harrison,  Jackson,   Laclede,  Marion,   McDonald,  Montgomery,   Osage,   Ozark,   Pettis,   Phelps,   Ralls,  Randolph,   St. Charles,   St. Francois,   Scotland,   Scott,   Shannon,   Stone,   Taney,   Wright .   New Jersey:  Bergen,   Gloucester,   Morris .   New York:  Albany,   Erie,   Nassau,   Orange,   Su/folk,   Ulster,   Westchester .   North Carolina:  Buncombe,   Columbus,   Craven,   Cumberland,   Currituck,   Harnett,   Johnston,   McDowell,  Macon,   Montgomery,   Moore,  Orange,   Pender,   Scotland,   Wake .   Ohio:  Adams,   Fair.field,   Gallia,   Hocking,   Licking,   Pickaway,   Tuscarawas,   Washington .   Oklahoma:  Craig,   Latimer,   McCurtain,   Ottawa .   Pennsylvania:  Franklin,   Lancaster,   Philadelphia,   Westmorland .   South Carolina:  Abbeville,   Charleston,   Chester.field,   Dorchester,   Florence,   Greenville,   Horry,   Lexington,  Oconee,   Pickens,   Spartanburg,   Williamsburg .   Tennessee:  Cumberland,   Decatur,  De Kalb,   Fentress,   Knox,  Lauderdale,   Marion,   Rhea,   Scott,   Sevier .   Texas:  Anderson,   Angelina,   Aransas,   Bowie,   Brazos,   Camp,  Cherokee,  Dallas,  Harris,  Harrison,   Jasper,   Lamar,  Sabine,   Smith,   Walker .   Virginia:  Charolette,   Chesterfield,   Clifton Forge City,   Fairfax,   Falls Church,  Floyd,  Gloucester,   Hanover,   
King &amp; Queen, 
Montgomery, 
Nelson, 
New Kent, 
Norfolk, 
Pulaski, 
Virginia Beach, 
Wythe
.
  West Virginia:  Monroe,   Roane,   Upshur .</p><p>Comments. Thyanta calceata can be separated from all other congeners except T. custator custator by the distinctly black anterolateral pronotal margins. It can be reliably distinguished from T. c. custator only by the male genitalia. In T. calceata, the pygophoral opening is subtended by a semicircular impression; this impression is rectangular in T. c.  custator . Specimens of  T. calceata are generally shorter and broader than specimens of T. c.  custator, and the black markings on the anterolateral pronotal margins are usually darker and more extensive in  T. calceata. These last two characters, however, may be apparent only when a series of specimens of each species can be compared.</p><p>Most species of  Thyanta occur in two color forms, a green form in the warmer months and a brown form in the cooler months. This is particularly well documented in  T. calceata (McPherson, 1977a, b, 1978a, b; McPherson and Paskewitz, 1982; McPherson et al., 1983).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F217BFFA2A32557E5950CFD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2177FFA1A09453B29672F98F.text	03F8813F2177FFA1A09453B29672F98F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) custator subsp. custator (Fabricius)	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) custator custator (Fabricius)</p><p>Figs. 16-30, Map 2</p><p>Cimex custator Fabricius, 1803: 164 .</p><p>Pentatoma custator: Dallas, 1851:251; Walker, 1867:288.</p><p>Thyanta custator: Stal, 1862a: 58; Stal, 1872:34-35 (part); Uhler, 1872: 399 (part); Uhler, 1876:289-290 (part); Uhler, 1886: 7 (part); Van Duzee, 1904: 53 (part); Kirkaldy, l 909:94 (part); Van Duzee, 1909: 155-156; Banks, 1910:90 (part); Barber, 1911: 108-111 (part); Barber, 1914: 523; Van Duzee, 1917: 52 (part); Blatchley, 1926: 113, 115-116 (part); Torre-Bueno, 1939:231 (part); Ruckes, 1957a:1-2, 4- 13, 20, 22, fig. l; Ueshima, 1963: 149, 152-153; Hoffman, 1971:44-45; Furth 1974:22, 23, fig. 45; McPherson, 1982:76-77, 80-81, fig. 73; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:figs. 24, 28; Froeschner, 1988:593.</p><p>Thyanta accerra (of authors, not McAtee): Blatchley, 1926: 114, 118.</p><p>Thyanta casta (of authors, not Stal): Blatchley, 1926: l 13, 116-117.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal surface green to brown, often with varying amount of reddish coloration between humeral angles, sometimes extending along anterolateral pronotal margins and onto basal margin of each corium.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 17). Anterolateral margins of pronotum and mesial angle of each pronotal cicatrice piceous. Anterolateral pronotal margins slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded to angulate, never spinose (Fig. 16). Ventral surface yellow-green to brown, posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites black. Each abdominal sternite with postspiracular black spot on each side.</p><p>Mesial margins of basal plates nearly straight in caudoventral view; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles narrowly rounded (Fig. 28). Each posterolateral angle of pygophore continuing onto posteroventral surface as vague carina, forming rectangular impression; mesial portion of posterior margin slightly convex with small, V-shaped, emargination in middle in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 25, 26); pygophore slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 27).</p><p>Types. The type specimen of  Cimex custator is apparently no longer in existence (Zimsen, 1964), and the original description does not adequately fix the species. Fabricius' description will fit either  T. custator custator and  T. calceata equally well. Previous usage, however, has fixed both species, and therefore the designation of a neotype is not necessary.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal plain from central Louisiana to Florida to New York, and the Bahama Islands (Map 2).</p><p>Specimens examined. 1,243 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, ARH, AUA, BMNH, CAS, CNC, cue, DAR, DBT, FMNH, FSCA, INHS, ISU, LHR, LSU, MSU, MSUE, NCSU, OSUC, PUL, SIUC, SMEK, TAMU, UAT, UCB, VCR, UCS, UGA, UIM, UMC, USNM, UUSL, WSU.   UNITED STATES: Alabama:  Baldwin,   Barbour,   Covington,   Dallas,   Escambia,   Henry,   Houston,   Lee,   Macon,   Madison,   Mobile .   Florida:  Alachua,   Bay,   Brevard,   Broward,   Charlotte,   Clay,   Collier,   Columbia,   Dade,   De Soto,   Dixie,   Duvall,   Franklin,   Gadsden,   Glades,   Gulf,   Hamilton,   Hardee,   Hendry,   Highlands,   Hillsborough,   Holmes,   Indian River,   Jackson,   Lake,  Lee,   Leon,   Levy,   Liberty,  Madison,   Manatee,   Marion,   Martin,   Nassau,   Okaloosa,   Orange,   Osceola,   Palm Beach,   Pasco,   Pinellas,   Polk,   Putnam,   St. Johns,   St. Lucie,   Santa Rosa,   Sarasota,   Seminole,   Sumter,   Suwanee,   Taylor,   Volusia,   Wakulla,   Washington .   Georgia:  Berrien,   Brantley,   Brooks,   Charlton,   Chatham,   Clinch,  Decatur,  Evans,   Glynn,  Grady,  Jefferson,  McIntosh,  Peach,   Pierce,  Sumter,   Thomas,   Tifton,   Toombs,   Ware .   Louisiana:  Acadia,   Ascension,   Avoyelles,   East Baton Rouge,   East Feliciana,   Iberville,   Jefferson,   Livingston,   Orleans,   St. Charles,   St. James,   St. Mary,   St. Tammany,   Tangipahoa,   Washington,   West Baton Rouge .   Mississippi: Covington,   Forrest,   Hancock,   Harrison,   Jackson,   Jefferson Davis,   Pike .   New Jersey:  Burlington,   Cape May,   Monmouth,   Ocean .   New York:  Suffolk .   North Carolina:  Bladen,   Brunswick,   Columbus,   Duplin,   Hyde,   Moore,   New Hanover,   Onslow,   Pender .   South Carolina:  Aiken,   Bamburg,   Barnwell,   Beaufort,   Charleston,   Florence,   Greenville,   Horry,   Jasper,   Kershaw,  Marion,   Orangeburg,   Richland .   Virginia:  Norfolk .   Bahama Islands:  South Bimini Island .</p><p>Comments. This species has been the subject of much confusion in the past. At one time the name  T. custator was applied to nearly all specimens from the entire United States. Ruckes (1957a) showed that the true  custator form is confined to the coastal plain from Louisiana to Florida to New York, but he felt that it was a separate species distinct from the  accerra form. The two forms have virtually identical genitalia. They cross-breed readily in the laboratory; and where their distributions overlap, specimens intermediate between the two forms are found fairly frequently. The two forms have a very narrow overlap in their respective ranges, however, and specimens taken from outside the area of overlap are usually easily identified. These two forms probably are more correctly considered subspecies.</p><p>Thyanta c. custator and  T. calceata are the only two species in the genus with distinctly black anterolateral pronotal margins. They can be separated reliably from each other only by the characters of the male genitalia. The pygophoral opening in T. c.  custator is subtended by a rectangular impression, while this impression is semicircular in  T. calceata. When large series are present, some separation can be made based on the general shape of the body:  T. custator is slightly longer and narrower than  T. calceata. Fortunately, there is very little overlap in their distributions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2177FFA1A09453B29672F98F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F216CFFBCA351538992D8F89D.text	03F8813F216CFFBCA351538992D8F89D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) pallidovirens (Stal)	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) pallidovirens (Stal)</p><p>Figs. 48-62, Map 4</p><p>Pentatoma pallidovirens Stal, 1859:227; Walker, 1867:288.</p><p>Thyanta pallidovirens: Stal, 1862a:58; Stal, 1872:35; Uhler, 1886:7; Lethierry and Severin, 1893:148; Uhler, 1894a:231; Van Duzee, 1904:53-54; Banks, 1910:90 (part); Van Duzee, 1917:52; Torre-Bueno, 1939:232; Ruckes, 1957a:l-22, Froeschner, 1988:593.</p><p>Thyanta custator (of authors, not Fabricius): Uhler, 1872: 399 (part); Uhler, 1876: 289-290 (part); Kirkaldy, 1909:94 (part); Van Duzee, 1914:4-5 (part); Van Duzee, 1916:231; Van Duzee, 1917: 52 (part).</p><p>Thyanta pallidovirens setosa Ruckes, 1957a:l 7-18; Froeschner, 1988:593. NEW SYNONYMY.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration often with varying amounts of reddish between humeral angles, often extending onto basal margin of each corium and along anterolateral pronotal margins; sometimes apex of scutellum reddish.</p><p>Lateraljugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 49). Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view, green to reddish, never piceous; humeral angles rounded (Fig. 48); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Postspiracular black spots usually lacking; if present, then usually smaller than adjacent spiracle. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites immaculate.</p><p>Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly concave; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles narrowly rounded (Fig. 60). Posterolateral angles of pygophore continuing onto posteroventral surface of pygophore as carinae, forming rectangular impression; posterior margin slightly concave in caudal view, usually with small, medial, V-shaped emargination (Fig. 56); posterolateral angles prominent in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 57, 58); pygophore slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 59).</p><p>Types. Stal (1859) described  Pentatoma pallidovirens from l&amp; and 1 ~ specimen from California without designating a holotype or paratype. The &amp; specimen labeled (a) "California" (b) "Kinb." (c) " Type " (d) " Typus " (e) "  Thyanta pallidovirens Stal " (f) "109 51" (g) "349 84" (h) "Riksmuseum Stockholm" is designated the lectotype. The 縠 specimen labeled (a) "California" (b) "Kinb." (c) "~" (d) " Type." (e) " Allotypus " (f) "350 84" (g) "Riksmuseum Stockholm" is designated paralectotype. The lectotype and the paralectotype, which are conserved in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden), were examined.</p><p>Ruckes (1957a) described  T. pallidovirens setosa from 18&amp;&amp; and 10~~ specimens. The holotype, which was examined, is from Pullman, Whitman Co., Washington, and is deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (New York).</p><p>Distribution. Western U.S. (Map 4).</p><p>Specimens examined. 3,606 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, CAS, DAR, EGER, FMNH, FSCA, INHS, ISU, LACM, LHR, LSU, MSU, MSUB, MSUE, NCSU, ODAS, OSUC, PUL, SIUC, SMEK, TAMU, UCB, UCR, UCS, UGA, UIM, UNAM, USNM, UUSL, WSU.   CANADA: British Columbia:  Cache Ck;   Coldstream;   Comox;   Lytton;   Malahat;   Nanaimo;   Vancouver Isl;   Royal Oak;   Saanich Dist;   Vernon;   Victoria;   Wellington .</p><p>UNITED STATES: California:  Alameda,   Alpine,   Amador,   Butte,   Calaveras,   Colusa,   Contra Costa,   El Dorado,   Fresno,   Glenn,   Humboldt,   Inyo,   Kern,   Lake,   Lassen,   Los Angeles,   Madera,   Marin,   Mariposa,   Mendocino,   Merced,   Modoc,   Mono,   Monterey,   Napa,   Nevada,   Orange,   Placer,   Plumas,   Riverside,   Sacramento,   San Benito,   San Bernardino,   San Diego,   San Francisco,   San Joaquin,   San Luis Obispo,   San Mateo,   Santa Barbara,   Santa Clara,   Santa Cruz,   Shasta,   Sierra,   Siskiyou,   Solano,   Sonoma,   Stanislaus,   Tehama,   Trinity,   Tulare,   Tuolumne,   Ventura,   Yolo,   Yuba .   Idaho:  Ada,   Benewah,   Bingham,   Blaine,   Boise,   Bonner,  Butte,  Cassia,   Clearwater,   Elmore,   Franklin,   Fremont,   Gen,   Gooding,  Idaho,  Kootenai,  Lake,  Latah,   Lewis,   Nez Perce,   Oneida,   Owyhee,   Shoshone,   Twin Falls,   Valley .   Montana:  Lake,   Lewis &amp; Clark,   Ravalli,   Sanders .   Nevada:  Carson City,   Douglas,   Lyon,   Washoe .   Oregon:  Baker,   Benton,   Crook,   Curry,   Deschutes,   Douglas,   Grant,   Harney,   Hood River,   Jackson,   Jefferson,   Josephine,   Klamath,   Lake,   Linn,   Malheur,   Marion,   Multnomah,   Polk,   Sherman,   Tillamook,   Umatilla,   Union,   Wasco,   Washington,   Wheeler,   Yamhill .   Utah:  Box Elder,   Cache,   Garfield,   Morgan,   Salt Lake,   Sevier,   Utah,  Washington, Wheeler, Yamhill.  Utah:  Box Elder,   Cache,   Garfield,   Morgan,   Salt Lake,   Sevier,   Utah,   Washington,   Weber .   Washington:  Asotin,   Benton,   Chelan,   Clark,   Columbia,   Douglas,   Grant,   King,   Kittitas,   Mason,   Okanagon,   Pierce,   San Juan,   Snohomish,   Spokane,   Thurston,   Walla Walla,   Whitman,   Yakima .</p><p>Comments. Ruckes (1957a) distinguished  T. pallidovirens setosa from other U.S.  Thyanta by the increased amount of pilosity on the legs and rostrum. This is a difficult character to discern. The brown autumnal-vernal forms of several other species and subspecies are also characterized by more and longer hairs on the same body structures (McPherson, 1979a). Because T. p. setosa differs from the nominate subspecies in no other significant manner, T. p. setosa is placed as a junior synonym of  T. pallidovirens.</p><p>No reliable morphological character will consistently separate  T. pallidovirens from  T. custator accerra, as discussed in detail under the comments section of T. c.  accerra . Basically, in the southwestern U.S. the two usually can be separated by the shape of the humeral angles, which are rounded in  T. pallidovirens and angulate to spinose in T. c.  accerra . In the northwestern U.S., the two species seem to be geographically isolated (Maps 3, 4). Here, separation often can be made based on the presence (in T. c.  accerra) or absence (in  T. pallidovirens) of postspiracular black spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F216CFFBCA351538992D8F89D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2169FFB1A34256DB9165FB06.text	03F8813F2169FFB1A34256DB9165FB06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) perditor (Fabricius 1794)	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) perditor (Fabricius)</p><p>Figs. 63-77, Map 5</p><p>Cimex perditor Fabricius, 1794:102; Fabricius, 1803:163.</p><p>Pentatomafascifera Palisot de Beauvois, 1817: 150, fig. 8 (syn. by Dallas, 1851: 206). Pentatoma collaris Westwood, 1837:40 (syn. by Dallas, 1851: 206).</p><p>Cimex transversalis Herrich-Schaffer, 1841:66 (syn. by Dallas, 1851:206).</p><p>Cimex dimidiatus Herrich-Schaffer, 1841:fig. 629 (syn. by Dallas, 1851: 206).</p><p>Pentatoma dimidiatum: Herrich-Schaffer, 1844:94 (syn. by Dallas, 1851:206).</p><p>Euschistus perditor: Dallas, 1851:206; Walker, 1867:247.</p><p>Pentatoma (Mormidea) perditor: Guerin-Meneville, 1857:367 .</p><p>Thyantaperditor: Stal, 1862a:58; Stal, 1862b: 104; Stal, 1868:29; Stal, 1872:34; Uhler, 1872: 399 (part); Uhler, 1876:289; Uhler, 1877:404 (part); Distant, 1880:66; Berg, 1884: 100; Distant, 1893:333; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148; Uhler, 1893:705; Uhler, 1894a:230 (part); Uhler, 1894b: 173; Distant, 1900:432; Van Duzee, 1904: 52-53 (part); Van Duzee, 1907:9; Kirkaldy, 1909:95; Banks, 1910:90; Zimmer, 1912: 14 (part); Barber, 1914: 523; Van Duzee, 1917:51-52; Barber, 1923:12; Blatchley, 1926: 113, 114-115 (part); Barber, 1939:292-293; Torre-Bueno, 1939: 230; Ruckes, 1957a:1, 20; Froeschner, 1988:593.</p><p>Euschistusfasciatus Walker, 1867:245 (syn. by Stal, 1872:34).</p><p>Euschistus adjunctor Walker, 1867:249 (syn. by Stal, 1872:34).</p><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) perditor: Rider and Chapin, 1991.</p><p>Diagnosis. Transhumeral rubiginous band usually present; tylus and vertex ofhead often reddish.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 64). Humeral angles spinose, each spine directed anterolaterad; anterolateral pronotal margins not piceous, concave in dorsal view (Fig. 63). Mesial comer of each pronotal cicatrice black. Each abdominal stemite with postspiracular black spot on each side, both anterolateral and posterolateral angles usually piceous.</p><p>Basal plates with mesial margins straight to slightly convex in caudoventral view; posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 75). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, in ventral and dorsal views convex medially with small, medial, V-shaped emargination (Figs. 72, 73), concave in lateral view (Fig. 74).</p><p>Types. Fabricius (1794) described  Cimex perditor from 25&lt;3 and 2'i''i' specimens without designating a holotype or paratypes. Rider and Chapin (1991) made lectotype and paralectotype designations. All four specimens, which are housed in the Universetetes Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark), were examined.</p><p>Rider and Chapin (1991) confirmed the status of Pentatoma fascifera Palisot de Beauvois, P. col/aris Westwood,  Cimex transversalis Herrich-Schiiffer,  Euschistus fasciatus Walker, and E. adjunctorWalker as junior synonyms. They also designated lectotypes for the latter two species. At one time  Euschistus rubiginosus Dallas was considered a synonym of  T. perditor. Rider (1986b), however, examined the holotype of  E. rubiginosus and determined that it was a senior synonym of  Euschistus incus Rolston.</p><p>Distribution. This is the most widely distributed species in the genus, occurring from southern Florida, Texas, and Arizona south through Central America, West Indies, and South America to northern Argentina (Map 5).</p><p>Specimens examined. 844 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, AUA, BMNH, CAS, CNC, CU, DAR, DBT, FSCA, INHS, ISU, LHR, LSU, MSU, MSUE, OSUC, PUL, SIUC, SMEK, TAMU, UAT, UCB, UCR, UCS, UGA, UMAA, UMC, UNAM, USNM, WSU.   UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise:  Southwest Research Station,   5 mi W  Portal .   Florida:  Flamingo;   Mahogany Hammock;   Paradise Key;   Pine Castle;   Windly .   Broward:  Deerfield Beach .   Collier:  Immokalee;   Royal Palm Park .   Dade:  Coral Gables;   Everglades National Park;  Florida City;  5 mi SW Florida City;   Goulds;   Grossman Hammock;   Hialeah;   Homestead;   Kendall;   Miami;   Miami Springs;   Princeton .   Highlands:  Avon Park;   Lake Placid;   Sebring .   Indian River:  Vero Beach .   Lee:  Fort Myers .   Manatee:  Palmetto;   Terra Ceia .   Martin:  Stuart .   Monroe:  Big Pine Key;   Key Largo;   Key West;   Marathon Key;   Upper Key Largo;   Upper Matecumbe Key .   Orange:  Orlando .   Palm Beach:  Belle Glade;   Delray;   Royal Palm Park .   Polk:  Lake Hamilton;   Lakeland .   Volusia:  Daytona Beach .   Texas: Cameron:  Brownsville;   Sabal Palm Grove near Southmost .</p><p>MEXICO:  Hochmilco;   Lagos de Moreno;   Paricutin .   Aguascalientes:  Aguascalientes .   Campeche: km 71  Carr .   Campeche-Meizina .   Chiapas:  Arriaga;   4.4 mi N  Bochil;   Bonampak Ruinas;   Chicoasen;   Chorreadera State Park;   Cintalpa;  5 mi S Cintalpa;   13 mi W  Cintalpa;   Comitan;  31.5 mi SE Comitan;   Dos Lagos;   El Sumidero;   1.6 mi S  Jitotol;   13 mi S  La Trinitario;  18 km S La Trinitario;   12 mi W  Ocozocoautla;   Palenque;   Palenque Ruinas;  23 mi S Palenque,   4 mi NE  Pichucalco;   1 mi S  Rayon;   2 mi SE  Revolucion Mexicana;   3 mi W  Rizo de Oro;   Sanches Ranch Las Rosas;   San Cristobal de las Casas;   8 mi SE  San Cristobal las Casas;   23 mi W  San Cristobal de las Casas;   39 mi E  San Cristobal las Casas;   Simojovel;   10 km WNW  Soyalo;   2 mi E  Suchiapa;   Sumidero Canyon;   9 mi SE  Tapilula;   Teopisca;   14 mi N  Tuxtla Gutierrez;   3.5 km S  Rio Tulija .   Colima:  Colima Volcano .   Durango: 9 mi W  La Ciudad;   Peasa Pena .   Guanajuato:  Leon .   Guerrero:  Acahuizotla;   Acapulco de Juarez;   5 mi S, 2.5 mi E  Chilpancingo;   km 8 Carr  .   Chilpancingo  Omilteme;   17 mi N  Mexcala;   Mochitlan;  1.5 mi W Mochitlan;   13 mi SW  Tierra Colorado .   Hidalgo:  Hwy 45,   17 mi NE  Huichapan .   Jalisco: 16 km E  Agua el Obispo;   Ajijic;   Guadalajara;   5 mi SE  Plan de Barrancas .   Mexico: 4.3 mi NE  Ixtapan de la Sal;   Tejupilco;   Temascaltepec,   Real de Arriba;   Teotihuacan;   11 mi W  Texcoco;   1 mi NE  Tlamacas,   P. N. Popocatepetl;   Valle de Bravo;  21 mi NW Valle de Bravo .   Michoacan:  Apatzingan;  11 mi E Apatzingan;   Jiquilpan;   Palo Alto;   Tancitaro .   Morelos:  Cuautla;   Cuernavaca;   Jojutla;   Morelos;   Pte de Itla;   Xochicallo .   Nayarit: 13 mi NW  Ahuacatlan;   Jesus Maria;   NayaritJalisco line,   Hwy 15;   15 km E  San Blas;   Tepic .   Nuevo Leon: 9 mi S  Monterrey;  3 mi S Pacheco .   Oaxaca: 7.7 mi S  Ejutla;   El Camaron,  20 mi E Oaxaca;  2.7 mi NW El Camaron;   10 mi S  El Camaron;   27 mi E  Juchitan;   3 km E  La Ventosa;   3.4 mi SE  Matatlan;   11 mi N  Matias Romero;   SE  Nejapa;  30 mi NW Oaxaca;  45 mi SE Oaxaca;  53 mi NE Oaxaca;   Tehuantepec;   Temazcal;   23 mi W  Tequistlan;   Totolapan;  18 mi NW Totolapan;   23 km NW  Totolapan;   Tuxtepec .   Puebla: 5.1 mi SW  Tehuacan;  6 mi SW Tehuacan .   Queretaro:  Queretaro;   29 mi N  Queretaro;   10 mi E  San Juan del Rio .   San Luis Potosf: 5 mi E  Ciudad del Maiz;   11 km N  Ciudad Valles;  20 mi S Ciudad Valles;   El Pujal;   El Saito Falls;   Micos;   31 mi S  San Luis Potosi;   Tamazunchale;  30 mi S Tamazunchale;   Valle Hidalgo;   2 mi E  Xilita .   Sinaloa: 22.6 mi S  Culiacan;   Los Mochis;   Mazatlan;  15 mi N Mazatlan;   Valle Union;  5 mi E Valle Union .   Tabasco: 30 mi W  Cardenas;   Chontalpa;   Pajelagatero;   Pico do Oro;   5 km S  Villahermosa;  14 mi SE Villahermosa .   Tamaulipas: Bocatoma: 11 mi SW  Ciudad Victoria;   6 mi W  Rio Sabinas,   near  Encino;   19 mi NE  Tula .   Tlaxcala: 2 mi W  Tlaxcala .   Veracruz:  Alvarado;   Catemaco;  7 mi SE Catemaco;   Coatzacoalcos;   Cordoba;  1 mi E Cordoba;   Cotaxtla;   Extacion Mieron das Fortin;   1 mi W  Fortin de las Flores;   Jalapa;  10 mi E Jalapa;   Lake Catemaco;   5 mi N  Lerdo de Tejada;   Los Tuxtlas Biological Station;   L. Rivera .   Atzagan;   4 mi NE  Minatitlim;   Nanchital;   Orizaba;   Papantla;   Plan del Rio;   3 mi SW  Sontecompapan;   15.8 mi S  Tampico;   Vega de Alatorre;  Veracruz .   Yucatan: 10 km N  Piste .</p><p>GUATEMALA:  Chocola .   Chimaltenango:  Yepocapa .  Guatemala: Guatemala City .   Izabal:  Livingston;   Los Amates;   Morales .   Jutiapa:  San Jeronimo .   Sac.:  Antigua Guatemala .   Solo/a:  Panajachel,   Lago de Atitlan .   Suchitepequez:  Alta Vista;   8 mi N  Santa Barbara .   BELIZE:  Punta Gorda .  EL SALVADOR: La Libertad;  San Salvador .   HONDURAS: 1 mi W  Jicaro Galan Junction,   Rio Nacaome;   Tegucigalpa;   Uyace Peak;   Yojoa Lake;   Zomorano .  NICARAGUA: km 4 to Masaya .   Estelf: 13.4 mi NW  Sebaco .   Leon:  Los Zarzales;   Malpaisillo .   Managua:  Los Brasiles;  Managua;   Tipitapa .   Musawas:  Waspuk R  .   Zelaya:  Puerto Cabezas .   COSTA RICA:  Isla Bonita;   Reventazon Valley;   San Carlos .   Cartago:  Santiago;   Turrialba .   Guanacaste:  La Pacifica near Canas .   Heredia:  Heredia;   2 mi E  Puerto Viejo;   Varablanca .   Puntarenas:  Monteverde .   San Jose: 5.5 km SE  Desamparados;  San Jose .   PANAMA:  New California .   Bocas de! Toro:  Chiriqui Grande .   Canal Zone:  Barro Colorado Island;   Cristobal .   Chiriquf:  Boquete;   Cerro Punta;   Porteillos .  Cocle: Cerro Pena near El Valle .  Panama: Cerro Jefe;   Madden Lake .</p><p>BAHAMA ISLANDS: Andros Island:  Andros Town .   Cat Island .   Long Island:  Clarencetown .   New Providence Island:  Nassau .   CUBA:  El Cobre .   Ciudad de la Habana:  La Habana .   Cienfuegos:  Palmira;   Soledad nr Cienfuegos  .   Granma:  Cayamas .   Guantanamo:  Mtns nr Guantanamo .   Las Tunas:  Jobabo .  Pinar def Rio: San Vicente .  Santiago de Cuba: 12 mi N Santiago de Cuba .   JAMAICA:  Balaclava;   Claremont Baron Hill Trelawny;   Hope Bay;   Kingston;   Liguanea Plain;   Mandeville;   Montego Bay .   HAITI: Ouest:  Kenscoff;   Port-au-Prince .   DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 8 mi up  Macoris River .   Distrito Nacional:  Santo Domingo .   La Romana:  La Romana Center .   La Vega:  Jarabacoa .   Peravia: 2 km N  Nizao;  21 km NW San Jose .   Puerto Plata .  San Cristobal: San Cristobal .   San Pedro de Macorfs:  Boca Chica .   PUERTO RICO:  Cialitos Cruces,   El Verde,   Mona Island .   Aguadilla:  Aiiasco,   lsabela,   Rincon,   San Sebastian .   Arecibo: 7 km S  Ciales,   Dorado,   Manati,   Utuado,   Vega Baja .   Bayamon:  Corozal .   Guayama:  Arroyo .   Humacao:  Humacao,   Loiza,   1 mi SE  Luquillo,   Naguabo .   Mayaguez:  Boqueron,   Guanica Forest,   Guayanilla,   Mayagiiez,   San German .   Ponce:  Coamo Springs,   Juana Diaz,  Ponce,   3 mi N  Santa Isabel .   San Juan:  Rio Piedras .   U. S. VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Croix:  Frederiksted .   St. Thomas .   BRITISH WEST INDIES: Antigua:  Bello .   Barbuda:  Codrington .   Dominica:  Castle Bruce Road nr Savane David;   Clarke Hall Est;   4. 7 mi E  Pt Casse;  5 km SW Pt Casse;   Roseau .   Grand Cayman: 3 mi N  Georgetown;   Western Dist .   Grenada:  Grand Anse;   Mount Gay Est;   St. Georges .   St. Kitts:  Basseterre;  4 mi W Basseterre .  St. Lucia: Castries .  St. Vincent .   Trinidad:  Cumuto;   St. Augustine .   FRENCH WEST INDIES: Guadeloupe:  Pointe-a-Pitre .   Martinique: 2 km N  St. Pierre .  BARBADOS .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta perditor is one of a group of very closely related species, all of which have distinctly spinose humeral angles. The characters used to separate these species are sometimes subtle and hard to diagnose unless a series of specimens is available. Fortunately, most have very little overlap in their distributional ranges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2169FFB1A34256DB9165FB06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2164FFB7A342545C9535F654.text	03F8813F2164FFB7A342545C9535F654.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) spectabilis Ruckes	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) spectabilis Ruckes</p><p>Figs. 78-92, Map 6</p><p>Thyanta spectabilis Ruckes, 1957c: 175- 178, figs. 3-4.</p><p>Thyantaperditor (ofauthors, not Fabricius): Van Duzee, 1923:127.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rubiginous transhumeral band usually present; often tylus and vertex of head reddish.</p><p>Lateraljugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 79). Anterolateral pronotal margins concave, not piceous; humeral angles spinose, spines directed primarily laterad and only slightly cephalad (Fig. 78). Mesial comer of each pronotal cicatrice usually piceous. Each abdominal stemite with postspiracular black spot on each side, anterolateral and posterolateral angles piceous.</p><p>Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex; separated basally; posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 80). Spermathecal bulb digitiform, but with numerous short protuberances (Fig. 82). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, in ventral and dorsal views convex medially with small, medial V-shaped emargination (Figs. 84, 85); slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 86).</p><p>Types. Ruckes (1957c) described  Thyanta spectabilis from 255 and 6!i?!i? specimens, all from Baja California, Mexico. The 5 holotype was examined and is presently conserved in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco).</p><p>Distribution. Baja California, Mexico (Map 6).</p><p>Specimens examined. 17 specimens collected during every month ofthe year except February, April, September, and October; deposited in CAS, DBT, UCB, UIM, UNAM, USNM.  MEXICO: Lower California;   2 km W  El Centemario .   Baja California Norte:  Bahia de los Angeles .   Baja California Sur:  Cabo San Lucas;   28 mi S  El Arco Mine,   Rancho Santa Marguerita;   2 mi E  El Coyote,   NE of  La Paz;  6 mi S, l mi E El Pescadero;  La Paz;  6 km S San Pedro;   Santa Anita;  7 mi N Santa Anita;   2 km SE, 3.5 km NE  Santa Rita;   21.6 mi N  Todos Santos;   Venancio .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta spectabilis is very closely related to  T. perditor, and may actually be a subspecies of that species. The genitalia of the two species are virtually identical; the only difference is that the parameres in  T. spectabilis are somewhat larger than those in  T. perditor. This is expected, however, since specimens of  T. spectabilis are larger than those of  T. perditor . The only reliable character to separate the two species is the orientation of the humeral spine. In  T. perditor the humeral angle is directed anterolaterad, while in  T. spectabilis it is directed primarily laterad and only slightly cephalad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2164FFB7A342545C9535F654	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2161FF8BA09559A29165FE30.text	03F8813F2161FF8BA09559A29165FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) cubensis Barber & Bruner	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) cubensis Barber &amp; Bruner</p><p>Figs. 93-108, Map 7</p><p>Thyanta cubensis Barber and Bruner, 1932:257-258, figs. 4-5; Bruner and Barber, 1949: 158; Alayo, 1967: 18, 20.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration brown to green; transhumeral reddish markings lacking.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 94). Anterolateral margins of pronotum slightly concave in dorsal view, usually contrastingly pale yellow; humeral angles spinose with spines small and directed anterolaterad (Fig. 93); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Abdominal stemites with anterolateral angles immaculate, posterolateral angles piceous. Postspiracular black spot present on each side of each abdominal sternite.</p><p>Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. l 06). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression in caudal view; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, convex with small, medial, V-shaped emargination in both ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 103, 104); pygophore slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 10 S).</p><p>Types. Barber and Bruner (1932) described  Thyanta cubensis from 145~ and S 99 specimens, all from Cuba. The holotype and 11 paratypes were examined. The holotype is housed in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D.C.).</p><p>Distribution. Bahama Islands and Cuba (Map 7).</p><p>Specimens examined. 32 specimens collected during every month except January, May, June, and November; deposited in AMNH, CAS, ISU, LHR, MSU, USNM.   BAHAMA ISLANDS: Andros Island:  Mangrove Bay .   Cat Island .   CUBA:  Boniato .   Archipielago de los Canarreos:  Isla de Pines .   Camaguey:  Camagiiey .   Ciego de Avila:  Baragua .   Cienfuegos:  Soldad near Cienfuegos  .  Granma: Cayamas .  Pinar de! Rfo: Sierra Rangel .   Sancti Spfritus:  Zaza del Medio .  Santiago de Cuba: Santiago de Cuba .   Villa Clara:  Santa Clara .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta cubensis is often smaller than the other species related to  T. perditor, the humeral spines are shorter, the transhumeral reddish markings are usually absent, and the pronotal and abdominal black markings are reduced or absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2161FF8BA09559A29165FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F215EFF8BA347535A93CEF8CD.text	03F8813F215EFF8BA347535A93CEF8CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Thyanta) serratulata Ruckes	<div><p>Thyanta (Thyanta) serratulata Ruckes</p><p>Figs. 109-121</p><p>Thyanta serratulata Ruckes, 1957c: 178- 179, figs. 5-6.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body shape broad, stout.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins sinuous, not parallel (Fig. 110). Anterolateral pronotal margins immaculate, in dorsal view concave, serrate, especially anteriorly; humeral angles spinose, spines relatively short, directed anterolaterad (Fig. 109). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate or often marked with black in each mesial angle. Postspiracular black spots absent. Anterolateral angles of abdominal sternites immaculate; posterolateral abdominal angles concolorous with rest of segment or sometimes marked with black. Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex; posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 116). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, convex with small, medial, V-shaped emargination in caudal view (Fig. 114); slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 115).</p><p>Types. Ruckes (1957c) described  T. serratulata from 1355 and l 3'i''i' specimens. The holotype and 17 paratypes were examined. The holotype is housed in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality: Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico.</p><p>Specimens examined. 21 specimens collected between 27 February and 8 May; deposited in AMNH, CAS, LACM, USNM.   MEXICO: Colima:  Revillagigedo Islands,   Clarion Island .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta serratulata can be identified by the broad, stout shape, the short humeral spine, the lack of post-spiracular black spots, and the reduction or absence of black markings on the lateral abdominal angles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F215EFF8BA347535A93CEF8CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F215EFF89A3E6562C93D5FBE2.text	03F8813F215EFF89A3E6562C93D5FBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Argosoma) Rider	<div><p>Subgenus  Argosoma Rider</p><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) Rider [in Rider and Chapin, 199 l:33].</p><p>Type species.  Pentatoma patruelis Stal, 1859 (by original designation, Rider and Chapin, 1991).</p><p>Diagnosis. Punctation coarse, sparse, dorsal surface appearing glossy. Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave, concolorous with surface of pronotum; humeral angles rounded to angulate, rarely spinose; pronotal cicatrices usually immaculate, sometimes faintly marked with fuscous in mesial angles. Posterior termination of each buccula evanescent.</p><p>Distal end ofsclerotized rod with or without subapical swelling, never cone-shaped; spermathecal bulb globose; spermathecal duct below proximal flange slightly to greatly swollen and coiled, but never forming distinct cylindrical structure. Pygophoral opening relatively large; posterior margin usually broadly and shallowly U-shaped; posteroventral surface ofpygophore produced into blunt chin-like protuberance. Each paramere acute to narrowly rounded apically, obtuse protuberance on shaft moderate in size to absent, possessing distinct dorsomedial concave surface; roughened, spiculate area on lateral surface ofparamere usually circular, rarely linear ( T. boliviensis Rider). Theca reniform, lacking dorsolateral protuberances; each lateral conjuctival lobe usually with single diverticulum; median penial lobes and penisfilum usually relatively small.</p><p>Comments. This is the largest subgenus, containing 20 species, and the included species are also the most difficult to identify. It is often necessary to examine the male genitalia in order to make accurate determinations. Within geographical areas, the internal female genitalia are usually distinctive.</p><p>This subgenus can be divided into two groups based primarily on the structure of the spermatheca. In  
T. boliviensis, 
T. brasiliensis Jensen-Haarup,  T. emarginata Rider, and  T. hamulata Rider, the sclerotized rod is somewhat elongate and lacks any subapical swelling. The remaining species have the sclerotized rod shorter and distinctly swollen subapically, becoming narrowed apically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F215EFF89A3E6562C93D5FBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F215CFF8CA35C5532914DFE06.text	03F8813F215CFF8CA35C5532914DFE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) planifrons Ruckes	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) planifrons Ruckes</p><p>Figs. 122- 137, Map 6</p><p>Thyantaplanifrons Ruckes, 1956:59-61, fig. 3; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:fig. 33. Thyanta casta (of authors, not Stal): Uhler, 1894a:23 l (part); Van Duzee, 1904:52, 54 (part); Kirkaldy, 1909:94 (part); Banks, 1910:90; Van Duzee, 1917:53 (part); Van Duzee, 1923:127- 128; Torre-Bueno, 1939: 231 (part); Froeschner, 1988: 593 (part).</p><p>Diagnosis. Vertex ofhead relatively flat; lateraljugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 123). Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded, not or only slightly produced beyond base of adjacent corium (Fig. 122). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Rarely with reddish markings on pronotum. Ostiolar canal widening towards apex, wider distally than in middle (Fig. 137). Abdominal sternites lacking black markings, rarely extreme tip of posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous.</p><p>Basal plates with mesial margins slightly convex in caudoventral view, separated basally; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angles rounded to slightly emarginate (Fig. 134). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 135); spermathecal duct only slightly swollen below proximal flange (Fig. 136). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly U-shaped in caudal view, slightly sinuous medially (Fig. 130); posterior margin weakly concave in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 131, 132); posteroventral surface deeply emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 133). Apex of each paramere nearly acute from both medial and ectal views (Figs. 124, 125); concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad; roughened spiculate area on lateral surface elongate-circular (Fig. 126). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with 1 or 2 non-sclerotized diverticula (Fig. 129); dorsomedial lobe apparently absent (Fig. 128); median penial lobes spatulate (Fig. 127).</p><p>Types. Ruckes (I 956) described  T. planifrons from 655 and 722 specimens. The holotype, which is from 10 miles west of Alamos, Sonora, Mexico, and all 12 paratypes were examined. The holotype is housed in the American Museum of Natural History (New York).</p><p>Distribution. Southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico (Map 6).</p><p>Specimens examined. 535 specimens collected during every month except February; deposited in AMNH, ASUT, CAS, DAR, DBT, EGER, FSCA, LACM, LHR, MSU, TAMU, UAT, UCB, UCR, UIM, UMC, UNAM, USNM.   UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise:  Portal;   5 mi W  Portal,   SWRS. Pima:  Baboquivari Mountains,   Browns Canyon;   Organ Pipe Cactus Natl Monument .   Santa Cruz:  Madera Canyon .   California:  Imperial .   Riverside:  Bautista Canyon;   Deep Canyon;   Palm Springs .   San Diego:  Borego Valley .</p><p>MEXICO:  Canipole;  10 mi SW Canipole;   Carmen Island,   Porto Ballandra;  Puntbunda.  Baja California Norte:  Bahia de los Angeles;   Cataviiia;  10 mi S Cataviiia;   8 km N  Punta Prieta;  15 mi N Punta Prieta;   San Felipe;  12 mi S San Felipe;   15 mi S  San Felipe;   San Fernando .   Baja California Sur:  Bahia Concepcion;   Cabo San Lucas;   3 mi W  Caduaiio;   Comondu;  10 mi SW Comondu;   20 mi N  Comondu;   23 mi S  Comondu;   14 mi S  El Arco Mine;  28 mi S El Arco Mine;   6.5 mi S, 1 mi E  El Pescadero;   15 mi N  El Rufugio;   El Sargento;   El Triunfo;  2 mi NW El Triunfo;   6 mi N  El Triunfo;   Escondido Bay;   3 mi N  Guajademi;   Hamilton Ranch;   1 km SW  Huatamote;   Isla Annelvo;   Isla Catalan;   Isla Cerralvo;   Isla Espirita Santo;   La Paz;  2 mi S La Paz;   5 mi SW  La Paz;   7 mi SW  La Paz;   13 mi W  La Paz;   14 mi W  La Paz;   15 mi W  La Paz;   20 mi NW  La Paz;   21 mi W  La Paz;   23 km W  La Paz;   25 mi W  La Paz;   26 mi W  La Paz;   33.5 km NW  La Paz;   La Purisima;   Las Animas;   Las Barracas;   Las Tinajitas;   2 mi SE  Las Virgenes;   l mi E  Migriiio;   Miraflores;  5 mi S Miraflores;   4 mi S  Mission San Javier;   Mulege;  1 mi S Mulege;   2 mi S  Rancho de la Ventana;   2.6 mi E  San Antonio;  3 mi SW San Antonio;   5 mi S  San Antonio;   5 mi W  San Bartolo;   San Domingo;  15 mi S San Domingo;   15 mi N  San Ignacio;  27 mi W San Ignacio;   San Jose del Cabo;  2 km W San Jose del Cabo;   10 mi SW  San Jose del Cabo;   1.3 mi N  San Jose Viejo;  3 mi N San Jose Viejo;   5 mi S  San Miguel;   3 km S, 1.3 km E  San Pedro;   3.5 mi NE  San Pedro;   San Sebastian;   5 mi SE  Santa Rosalia;  12 mi S Santa Rosalia;   Santiago;  6 mi SW Santiago;   Sierra de la Laguna;   Todos Santos;  4 mi N Todos Santos;   28-29 km N  Todos Santos;   Venancio;   30 mi EV.  lnsurgentes .   Sinaloa:  Mazatlan;  34 mi N Mazatlan .   Sonora: 10 mi W  Alamos;   Bahia de los San Carlos;   Bahia Kino;   20 mi NNE  Ciudad Obregon;   El Desemboque;   Guaymas,   Punta San Antonio;  Hermosillo;   La Choya;   Minas Nuevas;   15 km S  Navojoa;  15 mi N Navojoa;   San Bernardino,   Rio Mayo;   20 mi S  Sonoyta;   Tecoripa;   Tiburon Island;   Yavaros .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta planifrons can be separated from all other congeners by the distal widening of the ostiolar canal. Also, the vertex of the head is relatively flat, a character for which this species was named.</p><p>The widening of the ostiolar canal is unusual, but not unique. It also occurs in Tepajugosa Van Duzee, a species with essentially the same distribution as  Thyanta planifrons . The biological significance of this condition is not known, but would make an interesting study. This is the first record of this species from the United States.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F215CFF8CA35C5532914DFE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2159FF80A37D50969512FEA5.text	03F8813F2159FF80A37D50969512FEA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) maculata (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) maculata (Fabricius)</p><p>Figs. 138-152, Map 8</p><p>Cimex maculatus Fabricius, 1775: 704 .</p><p>Thyantacasta Stal, 1862b: 104; Stal, 1872:35; Uhler, 1876:7; Distant, 1880:66; Uhler, 1886:7; Uhler, 1894a: 23 l (part); Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 147; Kirkaldy, 1909: 94 (part); Malloch, 1919: 217, fig. 74; Torre-Bueno, 1939:231 (part); Froeschner. 1988:593 (part). NEW SYNONYMY.</p><p>Euschistus castus: Walker, 1867: 244 .</p><p>Thyanta maculata: Stal, 1872:35; Distant, 1893: 334; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148; Kirkaldy, 1909:94; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:fig. 29.</p><p>Diagnosis. General color green to brown; often with varying amounts of reddish on pronotum between humeral angles, often forming two oblong spots, one on each side of middle. Apices of scutellum and coria occasionally rubiginous.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins sinuous, not quite parallel (Fig. 139). Anterolateral margins of pronotum nearly straight in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded to angulate, usually produced beyond base of adjacent corium by less than half width of eye (Fig. 138); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous, sometimes only minutely so. Postspiracular spots usually absent, though sometimes present in brown form.</p><p>Basal plates with mesial margins slightly convex in caudoventral view, separated basally; posterior margins convex; posteromesial angles slightly emarginate (Fig. 150). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 151); spermathecal duct moderately swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 152). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 146); lateral angles prominent in ventral and dorsal views, chin-like protuberance relatively small (Figs. 147, 148); emarginate below middle in lateral view (Fig. 149). Apex of each paramere obtusely rounded in ectal view (Fig. 141); concave surface oriented more mediad than dorsad, shaft rather robust with small medial protuberance (Fig. 140); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 142). Aedeagus with lateral and dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobes large (Fig. 144), each lateral lobe with single, slightly sclerotized diverticulum (Fig. 143); penisfilum and median penial lobes obscured by conjunctiva (Fig. 145).</p><p>Types. Fabricius (1775) described  Cimex maculatus from "America" without designating a holotype or paratypes. It is not possible to determine from his original description how many specimens he examined, but evidently he had more than one, as he mentions a variation. Only one syntype was located and examined. It is a 2 in poor condition (apex of abdomen destroyed, left forewing missing, etc.), but it does possess the characters that define this species. It has the following label data: (a) "maculatus" (b) "Thyanta maculata F.," and is here designated the lectotype. This specimen is housed in the Universetetets Zoologiske Museum (Copehagen, Denmark).</p><p>Stal (1862b) described  T. casta from Mexico without designating a holotype or paratypes. One syntype, a!i!, was located and examined. Although it lacks the reddish markings that many specimens of  T. maculata possess, it differs structurally in no significant manner from  T. maculata. Because it is not possible to determine the number ofspecimens upon which Sill's description was based, the syntype specimen is designated the lectotype. It is labeled as follows: (a) "Mexico Coll. Signoret." (b) "Casta det. Stal" (c) " TYPE " (d) "Coll. Nat.-Mus. Wien" (e) "Thyanta casta STAL." The lectotype is housed in the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria).</p><p>Distribution. Southern Texas southward through Mexico and Central America to southern Panama (Map 8).</p><p>Specimens examined. 499 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, ARH, BMNH, CAS, CNC, CUC, DAR, DBT, EGER, ENGL, FSCA, INHS, LACM, LHR, LSU, MSU, MSUE, OSU, OSUC, SMEK, TAMU, UAT, UCB, UCS, UGA, UMAA, UNAM, UNSM, UUSL.  UNITED STATES: Texas: Brazos .   Burnet:  Inks Lake State Park .   Cameron:  Boca Chica;  3 mi SW Boca Chica;   Brownsville;   Harlingen;   Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary near Southmost .   Hidalgo:  Bentsen Rio Grande Valley State Park;   Edinburg;   McAllen;   Progresso;   Santa Ana Natl Wildlife Refuge .   Kleburg:  Kingsville .   Presidio:  Presidio .   San Patricio:  Corpus Christi Lake State Park;   Nueces River,   5 mi SW  Mathis .   Starr:  Falcon Heights;   4-15 mi N  Roma .   Webb:  Laredo .   Zapata: 1 mi E  Falcon Lake;   Falcon State Park .</p><p>MEXICO: Campeche:  Calkini;  12 mi E Campeche;  El Remate;   Escarcega;   Ruinas Edzna;   km 54,   Carr. Campeche-Merida .   Chiapas:  Aguacero,   16 km W  Ocozocoautla;   Chicoasen Dam Area;   13 mi W  Cintalpa;   2 mi N  Ocozcoautla;   Ruinas Bonampak;   San Cristobal de las Casas;   Santo Domingo,   15 mi SE  Simojovel;  Simojovel;   Suchiapa .   Coahuila:  Arroyo de la Zorra .   Colima: 2 mi N  Manzanillo .   Guerrero:  Acapulco de Juarez;   3.7 mi E  Marquelia;   Tecpan de Galeana .   Hidalgo:  Otongo .   Jalisco:  Chamela;   Estacion de Biologia Chamela .   Michoacan:  Acahuato .   Morelos: 4.4 mi E  Cuernavaca;   Villa dtt Ayala .   Nayarit: l 5 km E  San Blas .   Nuevo Leon:  Apodaca;   3 mi E  Galeana;   16 mi S  Linares,   Anegade Arroyo;   4.1 mi S  Montemorelos;   Monterrey;  4 mi S Monterrey;   5 mi S  Monterrey,   Valle Alto;   6 mi S  Monterrey .   Oaxaca: 2. 7 mi NW  El Camaron;   El Charquito;   6 mi W  Jalapa del Marques;   8 mi N  La Ventosa;   Puerto Escondido;   Salina Cruz;   Tehuantepec;  11 mi W Tehuantepec;   12 mi W  Tehuantepttc;   13 km W  Tehuantepec;   44 mi W  Tehuantepec;   2.1 mi NW  Totolapan .   Queretaro: 1 mi NW  Ayutla .   Quintana Roo: 1 km N  Coba;   20 km N  Felipe Carrillo Puerto;   54 mi SE  Peto;   San Isidrio Puerto Morelos;   2 mi NE  San Miguel;   River El Ramonal;   Rancho El 24;   Xcun Nuevo;   km 146,  Carr. Chetumal-Cancun;   km 146,  Carr. Chetumal-Pto Juarez .   San Luis Potosi: 12 mi S  Ciudad Mante;   Ciudad Valles;   l l km E Ciudad Valles ;   El Banito;   El Saito Falls;  Tamazunchale;  5 mi N Tamazunchale;  30 mi S Tamazunchale;   Tamuin .   Sinaloa: l mi NW  El Venadillo;  Mazatlan;  5 mi N Mazatlan;  10 mi S Mazatlan;   Presidio River near Caton  .   Sonora: 7 mi W  Alamos .   Tamaulipas:  Abasolo;   Antiguo Morelos;   Bocatoma,   Ciudad Victoria;  6 mi S Ciudad Victoria;   25 mi S  Ciudad Victoria;   5 mi SSE  Gomez Farias;  6 mi S Gomez Farias;   Guemes;  Hidalgo;   8 mi N  Jimenez;   La Pesca;   Llera;  5 mi N Llera;   13 km E  Magiscatzin;   Punta Piedras;   Rio Corona,   30 km N  Ciudad Victoria;   San Fernando;  6.2 mi S San Fernando;   25 mi SE  San Fernando;   Tampico;   Villagran .   Veracruz:  Cordoba;   Cotaxtla;   Cotaxtla Expt Stn;   Cuitlahuac;   Lake Catemaco Area;   Ojo de Agui;   Puente Nacionale;   San Andres Tuxtla;   5 mi S  Santiago Tuxtla;   Tolome;  10 mi W Veracruz .  Yucatan: Chichen Itza;   Piste;   Progreso;   12 km N Quintana Roo,  Hwy 295;   13 mi E  Valladolid;  13.3 mi S Valladolid;   1 km S  Xcalacoop;  IO km N Xcalacoop .</p><p>BELIZE: Belize: 12 mi NW Belize City .   EL SALVADOR:  Ruinas San Andres .</p><p>HONDURAS: Choluteca .   Comayagua: 5 mi NW  Comayagua .   Cortes:  Puerto Cortes .</p><p>NICARAGUA: Chinandega;  N side  Cosgoina Volcano,   Gulf of Fonseca .   Managua:  Jiloa;   Masachapa .  COSTA RICA: Limon.  Guanacaste:  La Pacifica, near Canas.  PANAMA: Chitre;  La Chorrera .   Canal Zone:  Barro Colorado Island;   Base of Cerro Galera .   Darien:  Santa Fe.</p><p>Commenis.  Thyanta maculata was originally distinguished from other congeners by the presence of two oblong reddish macules, one on each side of the middle of the pronotum. Fewer than half the specimens of  T. maculata actually exhibit this character. Also, several other species of  Thyanta are known to have the same type of maculation in at least some specimens ( T. pseudocasta Blatchley,  T. brasiliensis Jensen-Haarup,  T. curvata Rider).</p><p>Thyanta maculata can be separated from other congeners except  T. pseudocasta by the structure of the male genitalia. Each paramere is rather robust with the apex rounded, and the dorsomedial concave surface is oriented more mediad than dorsad.  Thyanta pseudocasta has very similar male genitalia, but the aedeagus is slightly different. The aedeagus of  T. maculata has a dorsomedial conjunctival lobe, while the same structure is apparently absent in  T. pseudocasta. The two forms can usually be separated based upon the prominence of the humeral angles. Each humeral angle in  T. maculata is usually produced beyond the base of the adjacent corium by less than half the width of an eye, while in  T. pseudocasta each humeral angle usually protrudes beyond the corium by more than half the width of an eye.</p><p>Thyanta maculata is a variable species, especially with respect to size and coloration. For example, specimens from the Yucatan peninsula ofMexico average much smaller than specimens from other parts of the range, but they do not differ in any other significant manner.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2159FF80A37D50969512FEA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2155FF86A32650F69308FE08.text	03F8813F2155FF86A32650F69308FE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) vadosa Rider	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) vadosa Rider</p><p>Figs. 153-167</p><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) vadosa Rider [in Rider and Chapin, 1991:55].</p><p>Diagnosis. Ovate; dorsal surface green to pale brown; some interstitial areas of pronotum, scutellum, and elytra pale yellow; sometimes marked with reddish-purple between humeral angles, on apex of scutellum, and on tylus and vertex of head. Punctures green to pale brown.</p><p>Apex of head arcuately rounded; lateral jugal margins sinuous, subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 154); vertex convex. Anterolateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view straight to slightly concave; humeral angles rounded to angulate, often projecting beyond base of adjacent corium (Fig. 153). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Punctation becoming sparse medially, central portion of pronotal disc subcalloused. Posterior third of pronotum often darker than rest of pronotum. Posterolateral angles of connexival segments piceous. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Postspiracular black spots usually absent (except in brown form); posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites piceous, sometimes only minutely so.</p><p>Mesial margins of basal plates straight to slightly convex in caudoventral view; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angles broadly and shallowly emarginate, lateral sides of concavity resulting from excavations in basal plates divergent, not parallel (Fig. 165). Distal end of sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 166); spermathecal duct moderately swollen and coiled below proximal flange (Fig. 167). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly U-shaped, medial portion straight to slightly convex (Fig. 161); chin-like protuberance appearing relatively narrow in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 162, 163); pygophore deeply emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 164). Each paramere with concave surface oriented mediad; from ectal view, parameral apex anglinggently mesad (Fig. 156); from medial view, apex acutely angulate, straight or bending slightly ventrad (Fig. 15 5); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 157). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus without sclerotized diverticula (Fig. 160); dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe weakly developed (Fig. 159); median penial lobes spatulate (Fig. 158).</p><p>Types. Rider [in Rider and Chapin, 1991] described  T. vadosa from 555 and 5'i''i' female specimens. The holotype 5 was examined and is deposited in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada.</p><p>Distribution. Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela.</p><p>Specimens examined. 9 specimens collected in January, February, March, May, July, September, and October, deposited in AMNH, ARH, CNC, USNM. BRITISH WEST INDIES:  Tobago .   Trinidad:  Bejucal;   Curepe,   Santa Margarita Circular Road;   Saint Augustine;   Santa Margarita Hill .</p><p>Comments. In general appearance this is a typical species of the  maculata group. The shape of the emargination in the posteromesial angle of each basal plate of the female is distinctive.  Thyanta emarginata and  T. excavata both have the posteromesial angles of the basal plates deeply emarginate, but the sides of the resulting concavity are nearly parallel, not divergent as in  T. vadosa. The male genitalia are also distinctive.  Thyanta vadosa is the only species with the apex of each paramere not only acutely angulate (almost acuminate) but also straight or bending slightly ventrad. In the  maculata group, all other species having the apex of each paramere acute to acuminate also have the apex bending dorsad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2155FF86A32650F69308FE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2153FF85A088536F967BFC73.text	03F8813F2153FF85A088536F967BFC73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) pseudocasta Blatchley Concave 1926	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) pseudocasta Blatchley</p><p>Figs. 168-182, Map 9</p><p>Thyanta pseudocasta Blatchley, 1926:114, 120; Blatchley, 1930:64; Torre-Bueno, 1939:230; Rolston and McDonald, 1984:fi.gs. 26, 34; Froeschner, 1988: 594.</p><p>Thyanta casta (of authors, not Stal): Barber, 1914:523; Van Duzee, 1917: 53 (part); Torre-Bueno, 1939: 231 (part); Froeschner, 1988: 593 (part).</p><p>Diagnosis. General color pale green to pale brown, sometimes with anterior half of pronotum reddish.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 169). Anterolateral margins of pronotum nearly straight in dorsal view; humeral angles prominent, produced beyond base of adjacent corium by more than halfwidth ofeye, rounded to angulate (Fig. 168). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites piceous, sometimes only minutely so. Postspiracular black spots usually absent, sometimes present in brown form.</p><p>Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex; posterior margins evenly convex, posteromesial angles rounded (Fig. 180). Sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 181); spermathecal duct with small amount of swelling and coiling below proximal flange (Fig. 182). Posterior margin of pygophore in caudal view broadly and shallowly U-shaped, slightly sinuous medially in caudal, ventral, and dorsal views (Figs. 176-178); pygophore emarginate in lateral view (Fig. 179). Apex of each paramere from ectal view nearly acute (Fig. l 71); from medial view narrowly rounded; concave surface facing mediad (Fig. l 70); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. l 72). Aedeagus with each lateral conjunctival lobe apparently lacking sclerotized diverticula (Fig. 175); dorsomedial lobe apparently absent (Fig. 174); median penial lobes relatively small (Fig. 173).</p><p>Types. Blatchley (1926) described  T. pseudocasta without designating a holotype or paratypes. In 1930, however, he designated 15 specimen as " type " (lectotype). He did not mention any of the other syntypes. Although actual paralectotype designations were not made, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Ride et al., 1985, sect. 74a[iv]), once the lectotype is designated the remaining syntypes automatically become paralectotypes. Accordingly, no such designations are needed, but labels have been added to the specimens to indicate their actual status.</p><p>Regrettably, the d lectotype is in deplorable condition; all that remains is the head and pronotum. It has the following label data: (a) "Miami Fla. W. S. B. Coll. 3- 11 - 24 " (b) "Purdue Blatchley collection" (c) " TYPE " (d) "  Thyanta pseudocasta Blatchley. " The lectotype is deposited in the Purdue University Collection (W. Lafayette, IN).</p><p>Ten additional specimens that are believed to be part of the original syntype series have been located: 15 and 2'i''i' labeled (a) "Miami Fla. W. S. B. Coll. 3- 11 -24 " (b) "Purdue Blatchley collection" (AMNH, PUL), except l'i' labeled (c) "  Thyanta pseudocasta Blatchley " (LSU); 355 and 2'i''i' labeled (a) "C. Sable Fla. W. S. B. Coll. 2-23- 19 " (b) "Purdue Blatchley collection" (PUL), except 15 labeled (b) "H G Barber Colln1950" (USNM), and 15 and l'i' labeled " 4-5 -25 " (AMNH); 15 labeled (a) "K. West Fla. W. S. B. Coll. 3-2- 19 " (b) "Purdue Blatchley collection" (PUL); and 15 labeled (a) "Coxam Fla. W. S. B. Coll. 3-8 -21 " (b) "Purdue Blatchley collection" (LSU). The lectotype and all but one paralectotype were examined.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Florida (Map 9).</p><p>Specimens examined. 153 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, ARH, CAS, CNC, CU, DAR, DBT, EGER, FSCA, LHR, LSU, MSU, PUL, SMEK, UCB, UCS, UGA, UMC, USNM.   UNITED STATES: Florida:  Caxambus .   Broward:  Fort Lauderdale .   Charlotte:  Charlotte Harbor Area,   Little Gasparillo Island;   Punta Gorda .   Collier:  Marco Island;   Royal Palm Park .   Dade:  Biscayne Bay;   Coral Gables;   Homestead;   Miami .   Lee:  Sannibel Island .   Monroe:  Big Pine Key;   Cape Sable;   Everglades Natl Park;   Key Largo;   Key West;   Marathon Key;   Plantation Key;   Stock Island;   Tavernier Key;   9 mi NW  Key Largo .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta pseudocasta can be separated from all congeners except  T. maculata because the concave surface of its paramere is oriented more mediad than dorsad.  Thyanta pseudocasta may actually be a subspecies of  T. maculata. The male genitalia of the two species are very similar, but there are some differences in the aedeagus.  Thyanta maculata has a prominent dorsomedial conjunctiva! lobe, while this structure is apparently absent in  T. pseudocasta . Also, the humeral angles are more prominent in  T. pseudocasta. Because these species represent reproductively isolated populations, a conservative approach is taken, and they are retained as full species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2153FF85A088536F967BFC73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F2150FF9BA349528093ECFB1A.text	03F8813F2150FF9BA349528093ECFB1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) obsoleta (Dallas)	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) obsoleta (Dallas)</p><p>Figs. 183- 197, Map 7</p><p>Pentatoma obsoleta Dallas, 1851:251; Walker, 1867:289.</p><p>Thyanta obsoleta: Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148; Kirkaldy, 1909:94.</p><p>Thyanta casta (ofauthors, not Stal): Van Duzee, 1904: 52, 54 (part); Kirkaldy, 1909: 94 (part); Barber, 1923:12; Barber, 1939:292-293.</p><p>Diagnosis. Coloration green to pale brown, often with transhumeral reddish markings that sometimes form two oblong spots, one each side of middle.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 184). Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view; humeral angles rounded to angulate, usually produced beyond base of adjacent corium by about half width of eye (Fig. 183). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Posterolateral abdominal angles piceous; postspiracular black spots usually absent, sometimes evident in brown form.</p><p>Mesial margins of basal plates in caudoventral view straight to slightly convex; posterior margins slightly convex; posteromesial angles broadly rounded (Fig. 195). Sclerotized rod swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 196); spermathecal duct moderately swollen below proximal flange with only slight amount of coiling (Fig. I 97). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 191); in lateral view concave (Fig. 194); posterior margin only slightly concave in dorsal view, posterolateral angles not prominent (Fig. 193); posteroventral surface distinctly produced into blunt chin-like protuberance in ventral view (Fig. 192). Each paramere apically rounded in ectal view (Fig. 186); narrowly rounded from medial view, curving dorsad; concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad (Fig. 185); roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 187). Each lateral conjunctiva! lobe of aedeagus with l or 2 subacute diverticula (Fig. 190), dorsomedial lobe reduced (Fig. 189); median penial lobes large, spatulate (Fig. 188); penisfilum reduced.</p><p>Types. Dallas (1851) described  Pentatoma obsoleta from Jamaica without designating a holotype or paratypes, and it is not possible to determine the number of specimens upon which he based his description. Only l 'i' syntype was located, and it is here designated the lectotype. It is labeled (a) "Jamaica" [dorsal surface], "45 1111" [ventral surface] (b) " Type " (c) "35.  Pentatoma obsoleta ." The lectotype, which is housed in the British Museum of Natural History (London), was examined.</p><p>Distribution. Greater Antilles (Map 7).</p><p>Specimens examined. 60 specimens collected during every month ofthe year except September; deposited in AMNH, ARH, BMNH, CAS, CNC, CU, DAR, DBT, ENGL, LHR, OSU, SMEK, UAT, USNM.   BAHAMA ISLANDS:  San Salvador Island .   CUBA: Ciudad de la Habana:  El Cano;   Havana .   Guantanamo:  Guantanamo Bay Naval Base,   Caravella Point .   Santiago de Cuba:  Daiquiri;   Jarahueca .   JAMAICA:  Bluefields;   Christiana;   Mona,   near  Kingston;   St. Andrew Ferry;   Try .   Duncans .   St. Andrew:  Bamboo Lodge near Irish Town .   Westmorland:  Negri ! ,   Negrillo Cottages .   HAITI:  Diquini .   Guest:  Port-au-Prince .   DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:  Los Hidalgos;   8 mi up  Macoris River,   Santo Domingo .   Distrito Nacional:  La Victoria;   Santo Domingo City .   Peravia: 13 km NW  Bani .   Samana:  Sanchez .   San Cristobal .   San Juan: 16 km SE  San Juan;   28 km E  San Juan .   PUERTO RICO:  Aguirre;   Fortuna A  .   E.S. Humacao:  Vieques Island,   Puerto Real .   Mayaguez:  Guanica Forest,   Hwy 334 at  Ranger Station .   Ponce:  Coamo Springs;   Ponce .</p><p>Comments. Examination of the male genitalia is necessary to separate this species from other species in the  maculata group.  Thyanta obsoleta can be distinguished from other Northern Hemisphere species by its apically rounded parameres, which have the concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F2150FF9BA349528093ECFB1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
03F8813F214EFF99A35A54589624F9E3.text	03F8813F214EFF99A35A54589624F9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyanta (Argosoma) testacea (Dallas 1851)	<div><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) testacea (Dallas)</p><p>Figs. 198-212, Map 7</p><p>Pentatoma testacea Dallas, 1851:250; Walker, 1867:289.</p><p>Thyanta testacea: Stal, 1872:35; Berg, 1878:23, Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148; Kirkaldy, 1909:95.</p><p>Thyanta casta (of authors, not Stal): Uhler, 1893:705; Uhler, 1894b: 174.</p><p>Thyanta signoreti Ruckes, 1956:65-66, fig. 7 (syn. by Rider and Chapin, 1991).</p><p>Thyanta (Argosoma) testacea: Rider and Chapin, 1991 .</p><p>Diagnosis. General color green to brown, rarely with rubiginous transhumeral markings.</p><p>Lateral jugal margins subparallel for middle third of distance from eyes to apex (Fig. 199). Anterolateral pronotal margins straight to slightly concave; humeral angles angulate to rounded, usually produced beyond base of adjacent corium by about half width of eye (Fig. 198). Pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Ostiolar canals acuminate apically. Posterolateral abdominal angles not marked with black or only minutely so; postspiracular black spots usually absent, sometimes evident in brown form.</p><p>Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins convex, separated basally; posterior margins convex (Fig. 210). Distal end of sclerotized rod slightly swollen subapically, narrowed apically (Fig. 211); spermathecal duct greatly swollen below proximal flange, carrot-shaped (Fig. 212). Posterior margin of pygophore broadly and shallowly U-shaped in caudal view (Fig. 206); slightly concave in lateral view (Fig. 209). Each paramere apically acute in both medial and ectal views (Figs. 200, 201); concave surface oriented more dorsad than mediad; roughened spiculate area on lateral surface circular (Fig. 202). Aedeagus with dorsomedial lobe apparently absent (Fig. 204).</p><p>Types. Dallas (1851) described  Pentotoma testacea from "S. America" without designating a holotype or paratypes, and it is not possible to determine how many syntypes he had. Rider and Chapin (1991) designated the only known 2 syntype as lectotype. The lectotype, which is conserved in the British Museum ofNatural History (London), was examined.</p><p>Distribution. Lesser Antilles and northern South America (Map 7).</p><p>Specimens examined. 250 specimens collected during every month of the year, deposited in AMNH, ARH, BMNH, CAS, CU, DBT, EGER, ENGL, INHS, LACM, LHR, LSU, MSUE, SMEK, TAMU, USNM.   BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS:  Tortola Island .   U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Croix:  Canaan;   Christiansted;   E Hill;   Experiment Station Grounds;   Hams Bluff .   St. John:  Estate Carolina,   NW of  Coral Bay;   Virgin Islands Natl Park .   St. Thomas:  Charlotte Amalie;   Estate Lilliendahl;   Frenchman's Bay . BRITISH WEST INDIES:   Anguilla:  N ofRoad Bay .   Antigua:  Coolidge;   Coolidge airport .   Bequia .   Dominica:  Antrim;   Cabrit Swamp;   Clarke Hall;   Grande Savane;   Macoucheri;   Mero Beach;   Salybia;   Springfield Estate;   S  Chiltern .   Grenada:  Caliveny Estate;   Grand Anse,   St. Georges Parish;   Granville;   Mt Gay Estate;   St. Georges;   Santeurs .   Montserrat:  Galway's Estate;   Plymouth .   St. Kitts:  W Farm Gut .   St. Lucia: 1.5 mi N  Canaries .   Tobago:  Bucco Bay;   Grafton Estate .   Trinidad:  St. George Co .,   Curepe C.I.B.C. Union. FRENCH WEST INDIES:   Guadeloupe:  Sur Cotonnier .   Martinique:  Diamant;   Sainte Anne .   BARBADOS:  Edge Hill;   Freshwater Bay;   Groves St. George .  CURAÇAO .</p><p>Comments.  Thyanta testacea is very closely related to the other species in the maculata group, and can be reliably identified only by examination of the male genitalia. The apically acute parameres curving gently dorsad will separate it from all congeners except  T. patruelis, which it closely resembles. The chin-like protuberance on the posteroventral surface of the pygophore is somewhat less prominent in  T. testacea than in  T. patruelis. There does seem to be a geographical separation of the two forms with  T. testacea restricted to northern South America and the Lesser Antilles, and  T. patruelis occurring from northeastern Brazil and southern Peru southward.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8813F214EFF99A35A54589624F9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rider, David A.;Chapin, J. B.	Rider, David A., Chapin, J. B. (1992): Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1: 42-98
