taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F287E1AF12FFAD4AE4880A5EAE7C27.taxon	discussion	PLATYLECANIUM Cockerell & Robinson, 1915	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF12FFAD4AE4880A5EAE7C27.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Platylecanium cribrigerum Cockerell & Robinson, by original designation.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF12FFAD4AE4880A5EAE7C27.taxon	diagnosis	Generic diagnosis. (Features in italics of particular taxonomic significance). Belonging to the family Coccidae. Body sometimes asymmetrical; usually flat; membranous when young but becoming sclerotised at maturity; in life, probably covered in a thin glassy / waxy test. Anal cleft usually about 1 / 6 th ‒ 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum with a sparse reticulate pattern of pores and setae, these lines of pores and setae most obvious near margin; lines extending from margin and forming reticulation plates; generally with 3 or 4 longitudinal bands of reticulation plates on each side (though this can be hard to determine due to paucity of setae and pores medially). With a ray of unsclerotised derm extending radially from each stigmatic cleft (not visible on non-mature specimens). Dorsum with various patterns of dermal ornamentation, including areolations, particularly submarginally. Eye spots displaced to medially on dorsum almost dorsad to scape (Fig. 1 E). Dorsal setae usually shorter than marginal setae and each often raised on a membranous mound. With 4 (rarely 5) pairs of clear areas on abdomen, each usually with associated preopercular pores. Dorsal tubercles, pocket-like sclerotisations and tubular ducts absent. Anal plates together quadrate, with 4 fine setae near the apex: 2 near inner margin, 1 on apex and 1 near posterior margin. Anal cleft usually with 1 or 2 pairs of small setae along anterior margin and 1 ‒ 4 pairs on each lateral margin. Anal ring with 6 setae, ventral anal ring setae largest and longest. Margin with or without ornamentation, when present in the form of crenulations. Marginal setae finely setose and generally rather sparse, mainly positioned in groups at each reticulation point; often also present along outer margins of each stigmatic cleft. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with a narrow entrance and sides almost touching, and with innermost margins of cleft heavily sclerotised; each cleft usually with 3 stigmatic setae but more present in some species. Venter. Ventral tubular ducts absent. Preantennal pores absent. Multilocular disc-pores usually with 10 or 11 loculi, restricted to abdominal segments VI and VII only or V, VI and VII. Spiracular disc-pores small, mainly with 5 loculi, usually present in narrow bands 1 or 2 pores wide. Ventral microducts small to minute. Antennae usually greatly reduced but occasionally with up to six segments visible. Clypeolabral shield typical of Coccidae but clypeal setae absent. Spiracles small. Legs either absent or represented by little more than claws without digitules.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF14FFA14AE48F685A367A7B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Specimens previously identified as Platylecanium asymmetricum: Type material: SINGAPORE: left label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / n. sp. / paratypes / on Pinanga / Government Hill / Singapore / (C. F. Baker # 8942) / J. H. Birkhill / Aug. 1917 (2 / 5 adff: 1 / 2 adf in fair to good condition, but both with some damage to venter: 1 / 3 adf, each missing most of venter and damaged) (USNM). As previous (1 / 2 sets of anal plates) (USNM). As previous (1 / 5 first-instar nymphs and 1 second-instar nymph, poor.) (USNM). SINGAPORE: left label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / paratype Morr. / Malaya, (Singapore) / ex coll. U. S. Bur. Ent. / det. H. Morrison / EEG, 16 / 34. No. 11 (NHML) (1 / 2 adf, in fair to good condition but specimen nearest label lacking much of venter. Both specimens clearly asymmetrical) (NHML). MALAYSIA: bottom label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / (Paratype) Morr. / Malaya, (Singapore) ex coll. U. S. Bur. Ent., / det. H. Morrison / EEG, q 6 / 34. No. 11 (1 / 2 adf, both narrow, both with a symmetrical dorsum but one with an asymmetrical venter; both missing most of venter) (NHML). Non-type material: SOUTH PACIFIC: left label: Platylecanium sp. / On Dendrobium sp. / So. Pacific at San. Fran. / Parsons coll. / Aug. 28, 1944 / San. Fran., 18746. Right label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / Morrison / det. C. J. Hodgson (1 / 1 adf, very good, unsclerotised; both dorsum and venter symmetrical) (USNM). SOLOMON ISLANDS: left label: Solomon Islands / Guadacanal, Tenaru / on Ficus glandulifera / leaf, 21. ii. 1984 / M. Bigger / No. 00160 / CIE A 15889; right label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / Morrison / Coccus / acutissimus / (Green) (1 / 2 adff, one of each species, both good) (NHML). Specimens previously identified as Platylecanium cocotis: Type material: VANUATU: left label: NEW HEBRIDES [now VANUATU] / Efate. 1923 / on Coconut / H. W. Simmons / I. B. E. 966; right label: COCCIDAE / Platylecanium / cocotis sp. n. / Paralectotype / F. Laing det (oval in shape, symmetrical, in good condition) (NHML). Other material: VANUATU: left label: Platylecanium / cocotis / Laing / BM 1990 - 194; a gold vertical label on right side: Entomology Div., DSIR, NZ; right label: Vanuatu / Malekula [misspelling of Malakula] / Unmet / 23 Nov. 1983 / P. A. Maddison [458] / on leaflets of Cocos / nucifera / # 84 – 040 a / Entomology Division D. S. I. R. NZ. (oval, symmetrical, in good condition) (NHML). SOLOMON ISLANDS: left label: Platylecanium / cocotis / Laing / asymmetricum M.; right label: Solomon Is. / Reef Island / TTT 1984 / ex Areca leaf / No. 00414 / CIEA 15912; (1 / 2 adff, both narrow, with a symmetrical dorsum and one with an asymmetrical venter; in fair-good condition) (NHML).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF14FFA14AE48F685A367A7B.taxon	discussion	Note: data for specimens previously identified as P. cocotis are given in brackets. Unmounted material. Platylecanium asymmetricum was described as follows: “ elongate, narrowed at each end, flat, dark reddish brown, sometimes almost blackish in the dried specimens, with more-or-less black mottling, probably due to the drying of the internal organs; eye spots pale, surrounded by a blackish area; all specimens prominently asymmetrical …. ” (Morrison 1921). Platylecanium cocotis was originally described as: “ dark reddish brown, flat, longish oval, slightly narrower in front than behind, length about one-half greater than breadth, a median longitudinal ridge of white, brittle secretion (which may cover the whole dorsum) present ” (Laing 1925).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF14FFA14AE48F685A367A7B.taxon	description	Slide-mounted adult female (Figs 1 & 2). Body of most specimens previously identified as P. asymmetricum elongate and strongly asymmetric on venter but dorsum often symmetrical; sometimes somewhat pointed anteriorly and posteriorly; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Body of specimens previously identified as P. cocotis broadly oval and symmetrical. Length 2.9 ‒ 4.9 (2.93) mm, width 1.4 ‒ 1.9 (1.9) mm. Dorsum. Derm fairly uniformly sclerotised but palest near margin and in centre of each reticulation plate; with two complete paler marginal bands of areolations, those in more marginal band small, those more submarginally larger and denser; most of derm variously sclerotised on older specimens but pattern of reticulations often symmetric even on otherwise asymmetric specimens. Reticulation plates mainly in 3 longitudinal bands on each side, with a narrow additional band running from anal plates to anterior margin; reticulation points reasonably distinct, with 13 on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 12 or 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft when visible). With a distinct unsclerotised ray extending radially inwards from each stigmatic cleft, length depending on degree of asymmetry, each 105 ‒ 275 μm long. Dorsal setae each 6 ‒ 10 (8 ‒ 10) μm long (much shorter than marginal setae), setose, mostly distinctly curved, each set in socket about 4 μm wide (wider than that of a marginal seta), more medial setae frequently raised on a distinct fleshy base, with seta located on apex; most abundant towards margin but present throughout in most reticulation lines. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores very similar in size to dorsal microducts (and difficult to distinguish from them) but possibly with a more distinct border (also possibly convex), approximately distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0 ‒ 2? (2 ‒ 4); CA 2, 0 ‒ 7 (6 ‒ 15); CA 3, 3 ‒ 10 (8 ‒ 14); CA 4, 5 ‒ 10 (11 ‒ 15); each preopercular pore about 3 μm wide. Dorsal microducts represented by small non-sclerotised areas in derm, forming (along with dorsal setae) a distinct reticulate pattern; each microduct 1 ‒ 2 μm wide. Anal plates each 180 ‒ 197 (189 ‒ 197) μm long, combined width 139 ‒ 168 (160 ‒ 172) μm; together almost quadrate, each with anterior margin slightly shorter than posterior margin, and with a rather elongated pointed apex; each plate with 4 setae, 5 ‒ 7 μm long, present as in diagnosis; also with 2 or 3 small pores medially; underside of each plate apparently thickened with a secondary posterior apex on inner margin, and with a deep indentation about half-way up each inner margin (arrowed in Figs). Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, 1 pair of fine setae in middle of each lateral margin (often very difficult to see) and 1 seta at posterior end of apodeme, plus an extra seta situated more medially nearer indentation on inner margin of each plate (arrowed in Figs); all anogenital fold setae short, each about 5 ‒ 7 μm long. Eyespots more-or-less round, located away from margin on dorsum; maximum width of each about 25 ‒ 27 μm. Margin. Margin distinctly crenulated. Marginal setae all rather short, each about 13 ‒ 22 (16 ‒ 20) μm long (much longer than dorsal setae), and finely setose, with 1 ‒ 3 (rarely 4) roughly associated with each marginal reticulation point; with 31 ‒ 39 (33 ‒ 37) setae anteriorly between anterior stigmatic clefts, 7 ‒ 11 (11 ‒ 17) on each side between stigmatic clefts, and 16 ‒ 22 (27 ‒ 30) along each abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad, with margin strongly sclerotised, and with 3 (rarely 4) stigmatic spines; spines subequal in length or median spine longest; length of median spine 25 ‒ 50 (41 ‒ 54) μm, each lateral spine 25 ‒ 38 (28 ‒ 54) μm long; each cleft with 0 ‒ 2 marginal setae along each outer margin. Anal cleft with margins touching. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 8 ‒ 9 μm wide with mainly 10 loculi, frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; number of pores on each side of segment: VII 10 ‒ 17 (10 ‒ 16) and VI 14 ‒ 23 (16 ‒ 25). Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3 μm wide with mainly 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin; number of pores on each side dependant on asymmetry – asymmetric specimens with as few as 5 on narrow side and up to 25 on broad side (symmetrical specimens, i. e., P. cocotis, with 26 ‒ 32 in each anterior band and 28 ‒ 38 in each posterior band). Ventral microducts minute, distribution unclear. Ventral setae: interantennal setae absent; longer setae on abdominal segments VII each 56 ‒ 66 (61 ‒ 66) μm long, those on segment VI, 18 ‒ 24 (23) μm long; setae sparse across other abdominal segments, otherwise very scarce. Antennae very reduced, with segmentation obscure, with basal scape narrow, other segments fused; P. asymmetricum with a strong seta on scape, each 11 ‒ 17 μm long (absent) and with 4 or 5 fleshy setae on apex; total antennal length 42 ‒ 53 (41 ‒ 56) μm. Clypeolabral shield 117 ‒ 126 (122 ‒ 126) μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 35 ‒ 63 (26 ‒ 43) μm. Legs minute or probably sometimes absent; when present, more-or-less reduced to a claw; digitules not visible. Comments. The unique structure of the anal plates, i. e., with the deep cleft on the inner margin of the underside of each plate, and the presence of the “ extra ” small seta away from each lateral anal cleft margin (both arrowed in Figs 1 & 2), is taxonomically significant and is typical of material previously identified as P. asymmetricum and P. cocotis. As can be seen from the above description, these two species are otherwise remarkably similar. Indeed, the only constant morphological difference found between the two sets of slides was that a strong seta was present on the scape of all specimens of P. asymmetricum whereas not even setal sockets could be detected in this position on specimens of P. cocotis. This small difference is not considered sufficient here to separate the two species, so here P. cocotis is sunk as a junior synonym of P. asymmetricum Morrison, syn. nov. It is perhaps worth pointing out that they also have the same main host plant family, Arecaceae. Platylecanium asymmetricum can be diagnosed by the following combination of character-states: (i) anal plates only slightly longer than their combined width; (ii) each anal plate with a deep cleft on underside of inner margin; (iii) body margin crenulated; (iv) marginal setae significantly longer than dorsal setae; (v) preopercular pores difficult to separate from dorsal simple pores; (vi) preopercular pores relatively few, generally absent from around anterior clear areas; (vii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 long, narrow stigmatic spines; (viii) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (ix) legs each very reduced, mainly to a claw, without digitules, and (x) antennae very reduced, consisting of a basal scape and a further section consisting of remaining segments. Platylecanium asymmetricum is closest to P. mesuae and P. sarawakense in having (i) a crenulate margin; (ii) very reduced antennae; and (iii) multilocular disc-pores with mainly 10 loculi, but recognizable immediately by the unique structure of the anal plates.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF18FFA14AE48ECB59F0789D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium citri was originally collected at Bangkok Noi, Thailand on Citrus (Rutaceae) in March 1940 but does not appear to have been found since. From Takahashi’s (1942) original description, the main features characterising this species appear to be: (i) body asymmetrical and 4 mm long; (ii) submarginal areolations abundant, each small and oval; (iii) antennae rudimentary (each about 40 μm long); (iv) legs absent [probably present but reduced to claws]; (v) stigmatic clefts deep, each with 3 stigmatic spines, each spine about 37 μm long, much longer than a marginal seta; (vi) margin not crenulated; (vii) marginal setae short (each about 12 μm long), setose and sparse, and (viii) anal plates each narrow and pointed, together clearly longer than wide (length about 230 μm; width of single plate about 65 μm). Platylecanium citri somewhat resembles P. faveolatum sp. nov., described below, in having: (i) a non-crenulate margin; (ii) body less than twice as long as wide; (iii) only 3 stigmatic setae in each cleft; (iv) anal plates together longer than wide, and (v) very short antennae. However, based on Takahashi’s description, P. citri can be easily separated from P. faveolatum in having the anal plates each more than three times as long as the width of a single plate (only about twice as long on P. faveolatum).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF19FFA24AE48BDE59507DCF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined THAILAND: left label: Thailand / ex Coelogynae sp. stem / xi. 10. [19] 72 / Hawaii 20014 / L. H. Tengen / Balsam; right label: Platylecanium / coelogyne / Hodgson / Holotype and paratype ♀♀ (1 / 2 adff, Holotype specimen (here designated) smallest and marked with an arrow, other specimen a paratype (latter lacking venter) (USNM). Other paratypes: collection data as previous (1 / 2 adff, 1 specimen lacking a venter) (USNM). All specimens slightly damaged and all paratype specimens heavily sclerotised. These specimens were clearly intercepted by the U. S. phytosanitary services in Hawaii. Unmounted material. Unknown.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF19FFA24AE48BDE59507DCF.taxon	description	Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 3). Body oval and symmetrical, length 2.9 ‒ 3.5 mm, width 2.0 ‒ 3.0 mm; anal cleft quite long, about 1 / 5 th ‒ 1 / 6 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm sclerotised throughout, with little sign of heavier sclerotisation apart from a little in each stigmatic cleft and along sides of anal cleft. Derm with some short, rather parallel, markings marginally and then with a complete submarginal band of areolations, each areolation quite large and roundish; rest of derm with a pattern of mainly 3 ‒ 5 - sided markings with minute spots. Reticulation plates possibly in 4 longitudinal bands on each side, but reticulation lines indistinct; marginal reticulation points reasonably distinct, with 13 points on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, with 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft, often difficult to distinguish). Each stigmatic cleft without an unsclerotised ray extending medially. Dorsal setae each 8 ‒ 12 µm long (much shorter than marginal setae), robustly setose, mostly slightly curved with a fine apex; each socket about 4 ‒ 5 µm wide; a few setae each raised on a distinct fleshy mound (not very obvious) with seta located on apex; setae restricted to within reticulation lines and most abundant towards margin, becoming distinctly scarce medially. Clear areas present, as in diagnosis but unusually large, each clear area surrounded by a group of preopercular pores, each pore about 4.0 µm wide (subequal to width of a setal socket) with a granulate surface and a distinct border; pores very few, distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0; CA 2, 0 or 1; CA 3, 3 ‒ 6, and CA 4, 3 ‒ 6. Dorsal microducts minute, each about 1 μm wide, located in an unsclerotised spot within reticulation lines. Anal plates together almost quadrate, each plate 170 ‒ 190 µm long, combined width 185 ‒ 190 µm, with anterior and posterior margins subequal in length, rounded laterally and with a rather blunt apex; anterior and posterior margins strongly sclerotised, with sclerotisation ending rather abruptly about 2 / 3 rds along length of posterior margin, with a distinct indentation at this point; inner margin slightly wavy. Each plate with 4 setae, distributed as in diagnosis, that near apex 25 ‒ 30 µm long; each plate also with a few small pores. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, each lateral margin possibly without setae along middle part but with a short seta at posterior end of apodeme. Eyespots slightly oval, located away from margin on dorsum; greatest width 22 ‒ 35 μm. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae clearly longer than dorsal setae, setose, each 13 ‒ 22 μm long, with mainly 2 setae (occasionally only 1) approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point, plus a few others between reticulation points; with 25 ‒ 35 setae between anterior spiracular clefts and, each side, 8 ‒ 14 between stigmatic clefts and 22 ‒ 30 on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins of cleft nearly touching; inner part of cleft quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each cleft with 3 stigmatic spines, all very short, blunt and subequal in length, each 16 ‒ 26 μm long; margins of each cleft without setae but usually with 1 or 2 on each side of cleft opening. Anal cleft with margins touching. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 5 ‒ 6 μm wide, each with mainly 10 loculi, frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; frequency not very clear but each side of segment perhaps with: VII, 16; and VI, 25 ‒ 41. Spiracular disc-pores each about 3.0 ‒ 3.5 μm wide with 5 or 6 loculi, present in a band 2 or 3 pores wide between each spiracle and margin; with at least 45 in each band. Ventral microducts minute, each about 1 μm wide; distribution unknown. Ventral setae: long pregenital setae present on abdominal segments VI and VII, rather robust, those on VII each 85 ‒ 90 µm long, those on VI each 58 ‒ 65 μm long, plus a few others each 28 ‒ 30 μm long; setae sparse elsewhere but smaller submarginally that medially. Antennae only slightly reduced, segmentation not very clear; each antenna with at least 4 or 5 segments but with normal 3 apical segments fused; with perhaps 2 small setae on scape, a campaniform pore on pedicel and possibly 5 fleshy setae and perhaps 4 setose setae on apical segment; total antennal length 150 ‒ 163 μm. Clypeolabral shield 160 ‒ 170 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 35 ‒ 43 μm. Legs minute, each more-or-less reduced to a claw with no digitules; only prothoracic leg detected with certainty.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF19FFA24AE48BDE59507DCF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium coelogyne sp. nov. is characterised by having the following combination of character-states: (i) moderately developed antennae showing distinct segmentation; (ii) each stigmatic cleft with three short, blunt stigmatic spines, all subequal in length; (iii) absence of unsclerotised rays extending medially from each stigmatic cleft; (iv) margin not crenulated; (v) marginal setae longer than dorsal setae and rather abundant; (vi) anal plates about as long as their combined widths; (vii) sclerotisation along posterior margin of each anal plate stopping abruptly at a notch in the posterior margin; (viii) preopercular pores very few, almost entirely restricted to posterior two clear areas; (ix) legs present but reduced to just claws, and (x) spiracular disc-pores in bands 2 or 3 pores wide. The presence of: (i) moderately developed antennae showing distinct segmentation, (ii) very short, blunt stigmatic setae, and (iii) absence of unsclerotised rays extending medially from each stigmatic cleft immediately separates P. coelogyne from all other known Platylecanium species. Platylecanium coelogyne is currently only known from this interception in Hawaii on the orchid Coelogyne sp., imported from Thailand.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF19FFA24AE48BDE59507DCF.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species name coelogyne (a noun in apposition) is after the orchid host-plant genus on which it was collected, Coelogyne Lindl.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1BFFA44AE4899F58237A8B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Part of type material: PHILIPPINES: Platylecanium / Neolecanium / cribrigerum / Philippines / Part of type. Ckll., plus a small label: Ehrhorn Collection (1 / 1 adf, barely stained, poor, missing half of abdomen and much of venter) (USNM). Also studied previously (see Hodgson, 1994): PHILIPPINES, Los Banos, ex Piper loheri (Piperaceae), no date, C. F. Baker (1 / 1 adf, about a quarter of a specimen) (USNM). Also 1 slide with two specimens, labelled: TYPE, Neolecanium cribrigerum C & R, Genotype of Platylecanium C & R, donated C. D. A. Cockerell (NHML: 1 / 2 adff); plus another slide labelled: TYPE, Neolecanium cribrigerum C & R (NHML (1931.2030): 1 / 1 adf).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1BFFA44AE4899F58237A8B.taxon	discussion	Note. The following description is taken as far as possible from the single slide studied here but, where structures are absent (i. e., on venter), the details are taken from Hodgson (1994). All measurements given in brackets are from Hodgson (1994).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1BFFA44AE4899F58237A8B.taxon	description	Unmounted material. “ Female perfectly flat, broad oval, about 4.25 mm long and 3.55 mm broad; no glassy or waxy covering; rich red-brown ” (Cockerell & Robinson 1915 a). Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 4). Body oval, quite broad and rounded at both ends, length 4.4 (3.5 ‒ 4.2) mm, width 3.3 (2.8 ‒ 4.0) mm; anal cleft about 1 / 6 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm fairly-uniformly sclerotised but palest near margin; with a distinct complete paler inner submarginal band of quite large areolations plus a vague outer marginal band of smaller areolations; derm slightly denser around anal plates, around each clear area and around each eyespot; derm showing no variation in sclerotisation relating to reticulation plates. Layout of reticulation plates rather vague but probably with 3 longitudinal bands on each side; marginal reticulation points reasonably distinct, with 13 on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between clefts and possibly 12 on abdomen (latter including reticulation line close to anal cleft). With a distinct unsclerotised ray extending radially from each stigmatic cleft, ray lengths: anterior each 77 ‒ 95 μm, posterior each 62 ‒ 100 μm. Dorsal setae each 6 ‒ 8 (8 ‒ 10) μm long (only slightly shorter than marginal setae), setose, mostly distinctly curved, each in a socket about 5 μm wide (wider than sockets of marginal setae), mostly raised on a distinct fleshy base, particularly submedially, with seta located on apex; setae frequent in reticulation lines near margins, becoming less frequent medially. Clear areas distributed as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores; each pore about 3 ‒ 4 μm wide, slightly larger than a dorsal microduct, with a more distinct border (also possibly convex), distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0 or 1; CA 2, 7 ‒ 9; CA 3, 10 or 11; CA 4, 10 or 11. Dorsal microducts represented by unsclerotised spots in derm, each about 1 ‒ 2 μm wide, forming (with dorsal setae) a distinct reticulate pattern but microducts more randomly distributed than dorsal setae. Anal plates each 163 ‒ 185 (147 ‒ 158) μm long, combined width 172 μm (single plate 71 ‒ 84 (75 ‒ 85) μm wide); together almost quadrate, each with anterior and posterior margins almost equal in length or with posterior margin slightly longer, and with apex rather rounded to pointed. Each plate with 4 setae as in diagnosis, all missing; also with 2 or 3 small pores medially; underside of each plate without a cleft on inner margin. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, 2 or 3 pairs of fine setae along each lateral margin plus 1 seta at posterior end of apodeme. Anal ring bearing 6 setae, located at end of long anal tube, each about 1.5 times as long as anal plates. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 8 ‒ 10 (6 ‒ 10) μm long (subequal to or slightly longer than a dorsal seta), finely setose and usually slightly bent, with 1 ‒ 3 close to each marginal reticulation point; with about 10 ‒ 14 on each side between stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins almost touching; inner part of cleft widening and becoming quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each with 3 or 4 long, narrow, blunt stigmatic spines, each 33 ‒ 60 μm long. Cleft margins each usually with 1 ‒ 3 marginal setae. Anal cleft with margins touching along entire length. Eyespots oval, located away from margin on dorsum, almost dorsad to scape; each about 33 x 23 (32 ‒ 34) μm wide. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores, each about 5 - 6 μm wide, mainly with 10 loculi, present in segments VII and VI only, frequency on each side as follows: VII, about 22, and VI, about 18. Spiracular disc-pores, each with mainly 5 loculi, present in a narrow band mainly 1 pore wide between each spiracle and margin, with 20 ‒ 26 disc-pores in each anterior band and 28 ‒ 39 in each posterior band. Ventral microducts minute; distribution unclear. Ventral setae: a pair of short setae present between antennae; a pair of longer setae present on abdominal segment VII and rather a shorter pair on VI; otherwise, setae very fine, minute and scarce. Antennae very reduced, each consisting of a narrow scape, with remaining segments fused; scape with no setae and remaining setae all situated near apex; total antennal length 58 (49 ‒ 58) μm. Clypeolabral shield about 112 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 35 (35 ‒ 42) μm. Legs minute, each more-or-less reduced to a claw but possibly sometimes absent; digitules not visible.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1BFFA44AE4899F58237A8B.taxon	discussion	Comments. All of the available material is in very poor condition but the species is perhaps recognisable by the following combination of character-states: (i) body broadly oval; (ii) anal plates together about as long as combined width; (iii) underside of each anal plate without a deep cleft on inner margin; (iv) margin not crenulated; (v) marginal and dorsal setae very similar in size; (vi) preopercular pores fairly easily distinguishable from dorsal simple pores; (vii) preopercular pores associated with CA 1 very few or absent; (viii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 or 4 long, narrow stigmatic spines; (ix) each stigmatic cleft with 1 ‒ 3 marginal setae along outer margin; (x) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VI and VII; (xi) legs each reduced to just a claw or absent, and (xii) antennae very reduced, consisting of a narrow scape, with all other segments fused. In having: (i) a non-crenulated margin; (ii) much reduced antennae; (iii) usually 3 stigmatic setae in each stigmatic cleft, and (iv) body less than twice as long as broad, P. cribrigerum is perhaps closest to P. citri, and P. faveolatum (described as new below). Platylecanium cribrigerum differs from P. citri in having each anal plate 145 ‒ 185 μm long and 71 ‒ 85 μm wide, whereas each anal plate of P. citri is longer and narrower - about 230 μm long and 65 μm wide (Takahashi 1942). Platylecanium cribrigerum differs from P. faveolatum in having: (i) multilocular disc-pores each with 10 loculi (only 6 or 7 loculi in P. faveolatum) and (ii) few preopercular pores, mainly associated with the posteriormost pairs of clear areas, whereas P. faveolatum has many preopercular pores associated with all four pairs of clear areas. Platylecanium cribrigerum is also similar to P. sarawakense, described as new below, but the latter species has: (i) a crenulated margin and possibly (ii) many more multilocular disc-pores in abdominal segment VI. Platylecanium cribrigerum does not appear to have been recorded since the original collection and is currently only known from Los Baños, Philippines, off Piper loheri (Piperaceae). Interestingly, the only other Platylecanium to have been found on Piper sp. to-date is P. faveolatum.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1DFFB94AE48D5B5FFB7F9F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Lectotype and paralectotypes: MALAYSIA: upper label: Host - / Cyperus [with an additional little round label stating Type, and another oblong label stating: Pres. by / Comm. Inst. Ent. / B. M. 1953 ‒ 812]; bottom label: Platy- / lecanium / cyperi / Takahashi / 2. iv. 1943 / Kuala / Lumpur / R. Takahashi (1 / 3 adff, all mature and heavily stained, all in fair condition) (NHML). Other paralectotypes as previous (1 / 6 adff, NHML). Almost all specimens have some damage to the venter and most specimens with well-developed nymphs inside.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1DFFB94AE48D5B5FFB7F9F.taxon	discussion	Note. Data taken from 5 specimens, not always the same five, depending on whether a structure was visible. Description is basically similar to that of Hodgson (2023).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1DFFB94AE48D5B5FFB7F9F.taxon	description	Unmounted material. “ Dark yellowish brown when dry. Body elliptic or elongate oval, flattened, not pointed at both ends, strongly sclerotized ” (Takahashi 1950). Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 5). Body elongate-oval, large, 6.0 – 7.0 mm long, 2.3 – 3.0 mm wide; anal cleft possibly fused, about 1 / 6 th of body length; stigmatic clefts distinct. Dorsum. Derm apparently quite thick (heavily stained) apart from an unstained fingerlike membranous ray extending medially from each stigmatic cleft (each about 750 – 800 µm long). Derm without any distinct sclerotisation around anal plates, but with a strong, rather deep sclerotisation at base of each stigmatic cleft. Dorsal areolations arranged as follows: small pale cell-like areas visible at high magnification (see Fig. 5) in a broad submarginal band 250 – 650 µm wide, arranged in radial lines or blocks; also in a line on each side of anal plates. Derm with reticulation plates arranged in rows along body, with 7 (8?) longitudinal rows of reticulation plates across dorsµm, and perhaps 11 reticulation plates in a medial line between anal plates and anterior margin; with 52 around entire margin. Margin with 13 marginal reticulation points between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen. Positions of dorsal setae and pores usually only indicated by pale areas in derm but, when visible, dorsal setae small, possibly parallel-sided and rather blunt, each about 5 – 6 µm long, about 1.5 x width of setal socket; frequent; representing main delineator of reticulate pattern. Clear areas (Fig. 5 A): with 4 on each side, each apparently lacking preopercular pores. Dorsal pores probably all microducts, each minute, frequent along reticulation lines but more randomly distributed than dorsal setae. Anal plates longer than their combined widths, 195 – 210 µm long, combined widths 140 – 160 µm; all anal plate margins fairly straight; setal distribution unclear but probably with at least 2 short setae on each inner margin near apex, each 5 – 7 µm long, plus a similar apical seta; also with 1 or 2 small pores on dorsal surface. Anogenital fold with 1 pair (one specimen with 2 pairs) of very short setae on anterior margin, each about 3 µm long; plus another short seta about half-way along each lateral margin. Anal tube quite long; anal ring bearing perhaps 3 pairs of setae. Eyespots about 30 µm wide, situated away from margin, about halfway to a point dorsad to each scape. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae finely setose and short, each 15 - 20 μm long *, mostly curved posteriorly; rather sparse, often in groups of 2 or 3 near each marginal reticulation point, with 48 – 55 between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 18 – 25 setae between clefts and 39 – 44 on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts each about 75 - 85 μm deep, narrow near margin but broadening inwardly, each outer margin of cleft with 1 or 2 marginal setae; base of each cleft heavily sclerotised, each sclerotisation about 40 – 50 μm deep; each cleft with 3 stout spinose setae, each parallel sided with a blunt apex; median spine usually longest but often all subequal, each 40 – 65 μm long. Anal cleft possibly fused. Venter. Derm entirely membranous. Multilocular disc-pores, each 6 – 7 μm wide with 10 – 12 outer loculi, restricted to dense groups on abdominal segments VII and VI, with 25 – 29 on either side of segment VII and 8 ‒ 12 medially in segment VI, plus groups of 24 ‒ 38 extending posteriorly. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3 μm wide, with 5 or 6 loculi, present in narrow bands 1 – 3 pores wide between each spiracle and margin, with perhaps 13 – 28 in each band; with none apparently extending medially over spiracles. Ventral microducts minute, each perhaps 0.7 μm wide; distribution uncertain, possibly present throughout. Ventral setae sparse; pairs of long setae present medially in segment VII only, each seta about 30 – 35 μm long; inter-antennal setae apparently absent. Antennae very reduced, each 45 – 60 μm long with segmentation obscure, and setae restricted to apical three segments. Clypeolabral shield small, about 105 – 130 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 45 – 55 μm. Legs apparently entirely absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF1DFFB94AE48D5B5FFB7F9F.taxon	discussion	* Note that the lengths for the marginal setae given in Hodgson (2023) are incorrect. Comments. Whilst the material studied here was in poor condition, adult female P. cyperi can be diagnosed based on the following combination of character-states: (i) body elongate, rounded at both ends; (ii) dorsum with a distinct band of areolations submarginally; (iii) anal plates more than 2 times longer than width of a single plate; (iv) each anal plate without a cleft on underside of inner margin; (v) margin not crenulated; (vi) marginal setae much longer than dorsal setae; (vii) preopercular pores apparently absent; (viii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 long, narrow stigmatic spines, not nearly reaching margin; (ix) each stigmatic cleft with 1 or 2 marginal setae along outer margin; (x) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (xi) legs apparently absent, and (xii) antennae very reduced, with setae on only apical three segments. In having: (i) a non-crenulated margin; (ii) body more than 2 times longer than broad; (iii) only 3 long stigmatic spines in each cleft, and (iv) short antennae, P. cyperi is somewhat like P. dendrobii, described as new below, but it (i) apparently lacks preopecular pores (present on P. dendrobii); (ii) has many more marginal setae – usually 2 associated with each reticulation point (P. dendrobii only has 1 associated with each reticulation point); (iii) the stigmatic spines do not extend out of the stigmatic cleft (median stigmatic spine extends out to margin in P. dendrobii), and (iv) the dorsal areolations are differently arranged (compare Figs 5 & 6). Platylecanium cyperi is currently only known from Malaysia off Cyperus sp. (Cyperaceae).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF00FFBB4AE48A525BD27D77.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SINGAPORE: 1 slide with 1 specimen: left label: Platylecanium / On Dendrobium leaf / India at Seattle / I. W. Berryhill Coll. / June 2 1939 / Seattle 7975. Right label: Platylecanium / dendrobii / Hodgson / holotype ♀ (1 / 1 adf, fairly good) (USNM).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF00FFBB4AE48A525BD27D77.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unknown. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 6). Body elongate and fairly narrow, symmetrical and somewhat pointed at each end, length 3.95 mm, width 0.94 mm; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm quite uniformly sclerotised but palest near margin; areolations somewhat obscure but largest and most abundant near margin and smaller and more indistinct medially. Number of bands of reticulation plates not clear, but with probably 13 marginal reticulation points on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 12 / 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft, when visible). With distinct unsclerotised ray extending radially from each stigmatic cleft, each ray 430 ‒ 500 μm long. Dorsal setae stoutly setose with a non-flagellate apex, mostly slightly curved, 7 ‒ 9 μm long (only slightly shorter than a marginal seta), set in a socket about 3 μm wide (only slightly wider than those of marginal setae); more medial setae frequently raised on a distinct fleshy base, with seta on apex; setae most abundant towards margin, becoming very sparse medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores, each pore about 3 μm wide, clearly larger and more distinct than dorsal simple pores, each with a distinct border (also possibly convex); preopercular pores distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0; CA 2, 1 ‒ 3; CA 3, 5 ‒ 6; CA 4, 6. Dorsal pores, probably microducts, represented by small non-sclerotised spots in derm, each pore 1 ‒ 2 μm wide, forming (along with dorsal setae) a distinct reticulate pattern. Anal plates about 240 μm long, combined width about 145 μm, together less than 2 times longer than broad, each plate with anterior margin clearly shorter than posterior margin, and with a rather elongated pointed apex; each plate with 4 setae 6 ‒ 8 μm long, present as in diagnosis; underside of each plate simple, without thickening or indentations in inner margin. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin and 2 pairs of fine setae on each lateral margin, each seta about 5 μm long, plus 1 larger seta about 7 μm long at posterior end of apodeme. Eyespots each more-or-less round, located on dorsum away from margin; width of each lens about 35 μm. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 8 ‒ 10 μm long (only slightly longer than a dorsal seta), and finely setose, with 1 (rarely 2) approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point; with 23 setae anteriorly between anterior stigmatic clefts, and, on each side, 6 ‒ 10 between stigmatic clefts, and 17 ‒ 22 along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each cleft with outer margins almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad with innermost margin strongly sclerotised; with 3 (one with 4) stigmatic spines, median spine longest, extending out as far as margin; length of median spine 75 ‒ 78 μm, each lateral spine 35 ‒ 52 μm long; clefts without marginal setae along each outer margin, although these present at entrance. Anal cleft with margins touching. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 6 ‒ 8 μm wide, mainly with 10 loculi, frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; number on each side of segment: VII, 12 ‒ 14 and VI, 18. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3 μm wide with mainly 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle; with 21 ‒ 22 in each anterior band and 22 ‒ 24 in each posterior band. Ventral microducts minute; distribution unclear. Ventral setae: interantennal setae not detected; longer setae present on abdominal segments VII and VI but only represented by basal sockets; setae otherwise very scarce. Antennae very reduced, segmentation obscure, basically with a narrow scape and with other segments fused; scape without setae but apex apparently with 5 fleshy setae and no setose setae; total antennal length 33 ‒ 35 μm. Clypeolabral shield about 118 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 35 ‒ 40 μm. Legs not detected, perhaps absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF00FFBB4AE48A525BD27D77.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium dendrobii sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the following combination of character-states: (i) body elongate and symmetrical in shape; (ii) anal plates clearly longer than their combined width; (iii) each anal plate with anterior margin clearly shorter than posterior margin and with a pointed apex; (iv) body margin not crenulated; (v) marginal setae only slightly longer than dorsal setae; (vi) preopercular pores clearly larger than other dorsal pores; (viii) preopercular pores relatively few, and absent from around anteriormost clear area; (ix) each stigmatic cleft with 3 long, narrow stigmatic spines, median spine extending out to margin; (x) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (xi) legs possibly absent, and (xii) antennae very reduced. In having: (i) an elongate body more than twice as long as broad; (ii) a non-crenulated margin; (iii) much reduced antennae, and (iv) anal plates clearly longer than their combined widths, P. dendrobii is close P. elongatum and P. cyperi. Based on Takahashi’s description, P. dendrobii differs from P. elongatum in having a very long median stigmatic spine, extending out as far as margin (median stigmatic spine on P. elongatum subequal to or shorter than other stigmatic spines), and in possessing dorsal areolations (apparently absent on P. elongatum). Platylecanium dendrobii differs from P. cyperi in having (i) a body with somewhat pointed ends (evenly rounded in P. cyperi), (ii) long median stigmatic spines reaching to margin (not reaching margin in P. cyperi), and (iii) in having normally only 1 marginal seta associated with each marginal reticulation point (P. cyperi usually has 2 ‒ 4 setae associated with each reticulation point). The new species is currently known only off a species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), intercepted at Seattle in US but originating from India.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF00FFBB4AE48A525BD27D77.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species is named after the orchid host-plant genus, Dendrobium Sw., on which it was found.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF02FFBD4AE489C75A267C17.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SARAWAK: 1 slide with 2 specimens: left label: Platylecanium / eastopi / Hodgson / Holotype and paratype; right label: SARAWAK / G. Mulu Nat. Park / Long Pala / alternate leaves / 18. vi. 1978 / V. F. Eastop coll. / No 16 252 / CIE A. 10642 (1 / 2 quite mature adff, fairly good; holotype (here designated) specimen nearest species label) (NHML). Unmounted material. Unknown. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 7). Body elongate and strongly asymmetrical on both dorsum and venter; small, length 2.8 ‒ 3.0 mm, width 1.25 ‒ 1.3 mm; anal cleft short, about 1 / 9 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm with a broad unsclerotised marginal area taking up about half body width, and a quite strongly sclerotised broad medial strip; also with a heavily sclerotised ring around each eyespot and strong sclerotisation on inner margin of each stigmatic cleft. Reticulation plates and reticulation lines very obscure but, based on the number of groups of marginal setae on margin, probably with 13 marginal reticulation points between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen. With no clear areolations. With a distinct membranous ray arising from each stigmatic cleft, extending medially to approximately dorsad to spiracles. Dorsal setae very short, each 4 ‒ 6 μm long (much shorter than a marginal seta), setose, mostly distinctly curved, each set in a socket about 4 μm wide; very sparse but those present submarginally frequently each raised on a distinct fleshy base, with seta on apex; setae most abundant near margin and very scarce or absent medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis but rather obscure, located on margin of sclerotised medial strip; possibly lacking associated preopercular pores. Dorsal pores not visible submarginally, only indicated by small unsclerotised spots in medial band of sclerotisation, each 1 ‒ 2 μm wide; as only occasionally present near clear areas, probably all microducts. Anal plates each 103 ‒ 113 μm long, combined width about 96 μm; together almost quadrate, with anterior and posterior margins subequal in length; each plate with 4 setae distributed as in diagnosis, and without small pores; underside of each plate mildly thickened underneath along inner margin and with a strongly sclerotised posterior margin. Anogenital fold with 1 pair of short fine setae on anterior margin, 2 pairs along each lateral margin and 1 seta at posterior end of each apodeme. Eyespots each approximately round, located away from margin on dorsum; maximum width about 25 μm. Margin. Margin distinctly crenulated, most noticeable near clefts. Marginal setae all short, each about 8 ‒ 10 μm long (much longer than a dorsal seta), and finely setose, mostly slightly bent, mainly present singly or in pairs along margin, with 26 ‒ 31 between anterior stigmatic clefts, and each side with 7 or 8 setae between stigmatic clefts, and 19 ‒ 24 setae along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad but short, with innermost margin strongly sclerotised, and with 3 stigmatic spines, median spine longest; length of median spine 35 ‒ 38 μm, each lateral spine 26 ‒ 33 μm long; no spines extending laterally as far as margin; clefts mainly without marginal setae on outer margins. Anal cleft with margins touching. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 7 ‒ 9 μm wide and mostly with 10 loculi, present on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; very few, with, on each side: VII, 3 ‒ 5, and VI, 7 ‒ 12. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3 μm wide with mainly 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin; number of pores in each band dependant on asymmetry, with as few as 8 on narrow side and up to 25 on broad side. Ventral microducts minute; distribution unclear but present near mouthparts and each spiracular disc-pore band. Ventral setae very scarce and short; interantennal setae and those on abdominal segments VII and VI not located. Antennae very reduced, appearing as a single rather triangular segment with no signs of segmentation; with 4 or 5 fleshy setae plus 2 setose setae on apex; total antennal length 26 ‒ 28 μm. Clypeolabral shield 96 ‒ 105 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 21 ‒ 27 μm. Legs very reduced, each composed of a broad oval to circular base, 15 ‒ 26 μm wide, with a central claw about 5 ‒ 7 μm long; digitules absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF02FFBD4AE489C75A267C17.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium eastopi sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the following combination of character-states: (i) body elongate (and asymmetric in shape); (ii) anal plates as long as their combined widths; (iii) each anal plate with anterior and posterior margin subequal in length; (iv) body margin crenulated; (v) marginal setae longer than dorsal setae; (vi) preopercular pores apparently absent; (vii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 narrow stigmatic spines, none reaching margin; (viii) multilocular disc-pores very few, restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (ix) legs present but very reduced, and (xii) antennae very reduced. In having: (i) only 3 stigmatic spines in each cleft; (ii) short antennae; (iii) body elongate, clearly more than twice as long as wide; (iv) a crenulated margin, and (v) anal plates about as long as their combined widths, P. eastopi appears to be very similar to P. asymmetricum but it differs in numerous ways, particularly in: (i) the absence of a deep cleft on the underside of inner margin of each anal plate, and (ii) in the absence of preopercular pores. At the present time, P. eastopi is known only from the original collection off an unknown plant in Sarawak. Name derivation. The species is named after Victor Eastop, the renowned aphidologist, who collected these specimens.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBD4AE488E7596479D9.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium elongatum was collected on the leaves of a palm on the Riau (Riouw) Is and does not appear to have been collected since. From Takahashi’s (1951) original description, the main character-states diagnosing this species are: (i) body elongate, about 2.3 times longer than wide (4.2 ‒ 4.7 mm long); (ii) dorsum without areolations; (iii) with 4 ‒ 7 preopercular pores present around some clear areas; (iv) anal plates together about as long as combined widths, each plate with a pointed apex and posterior margin slightly longer than anterior margin; (v) stigmatic clefts each with 3 stigmatic spines; (vi) stigmatic spines longer than marginal setae, each stout and tapering, but not reaching margin; (vii) stigmatic spines subequal in length or with median spine shorter than lateral spines; (viii) margin not crenulated; (ix) marginal setae sparse, setose and short, with 14 ‒ 22 on each side between stigmatic clefts, and (x) antennae rudimentary and pointed apically. In having: (i) an elongate body, 2.3 times longer than wide; (ii) a non-crenulate margin; (iii) only 3 stigmatic setae in each cleft; (iv) very short antennae, and (v) anal plates each with a distinctly pointed apex, P. elongatum somewhat resembles P. dendrobii (described as new above) and P. cyperi. Based on Takahashi’s description and figures, P. elongatum differs from P. dendrobii in having: (i) short stigmatic spines, which are subequal in length and do not reach the margin (those of P. dendrobii are much longer, with the median spine reaching the margin), and (ii) each side with possibly more marginal setae between the stigmatic clefts (about 14 ‒ 22 on P elongatum but only 6 ‒ 10 on P. dendrobii). Platylecanium elongatum differs from P. cyperi in lacking dorsal areolations (P. cyperi has a broad submarginal band of areolations).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBE4AE48DAC581C7D53.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined MALAYSIA: left label: Platylecanium / faveolatum / Hodgson / holotype ♀. Right label: Cameron Highlands / Road, Malaya / 25 - iii. - 1964 / on Castanopsis hullettii / S. W. Brown / Entomology / U. C. Davis Calif. / 508 (1 / 1 adf, fairly young; good) (USNM )). Paratype slides: collection data as for holotype (2 / 2 adf, fairly heavily sclerotised) (USNM).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBE4AE48DAC581C7D53.taxon	discussion	Note. According to Kew Gardens (https: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / urn: lsid; ipni. org: names: 295369 - 1), Castanopsis hullettii is a synonym of C. lucida (Nees) Soepadmo.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBE4AE48DAC581C7D53.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unrecorded. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 8). Body oval, quite broad and rounded at both ends, length 2.8 ‒ 2.9 mm, width 2.0 ‒ 2.5 mm; dorsum more-or-less symmetrical but venter clearly asymmetric; anal cleft about 1 / 8 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm of holotype lightly sclerotised, with a fairly broad membranous margin; older specimens appearing uniformly sclerotised, but at high power, surface with a broad band of areolations present submarginally and most of derm with marking somewhat resembling a honeycomb; with slightly denser derm associated with anal plates, around each clear area, along margin (on older specimens) and around each eyespot. Each stigmatic cleft with a strongly sclerotised inner margin. Layout of reticulation plates not always clear but probably with 4 longitudinal bands on each side; with 13 marginal reticulation points on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen. Unsclerotised rays arising from each stigmatic cleft indistinct, only indicated by absence of dermal areolations, even on most mature specimens. Dorsal setae robust, each 8 ‒ 10 μm long, with a wide basal socket 5 ‒ 7 μm wide (socket clearly larger than that of a marginal seta), setae mostly distinctly curved and with a clearly capitate apex; none apparently located on a raised fleshy base; setae rather sparse within reticulation lines, most abundant near margins. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a large group of preopercular pores, pores mostly each 3.5 ‒ 5.0 μm wide (distinctly larger than a dorsal simple pore) but a few as large as 6.0 μm wide; each with a distinct border and a few dark spots medially; distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 17 ‒ 28; CA 2, 22 ‒ 33; CA 3, 21 ‒ 29; CA 4, 18 ‒ 25. Dorsal microducts each represented by a clear area in derm, each about 2 μm wide, present in a distinct reticulate pattern with dorsal setae. Anal plates each 149 ‒ 158 μm long and 128 ‒ 141 μm wide, only slightly longer than broad, with a blunt apex; each with 4 setae 8 ‒ 10 μm long, often on small ridges on each plate but otherwise as in diagnosis, although apical seta set back from apex; without pores medially; underside of each plate without a deep cleft about half-way along inner margin. With 1 pair of short fine setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold, 1 or 2 pairs of fine setae along each lateral margin, each 8 ‒ 10 μm long, plus 1 seta at posterior end of each apodeme (obscure on all specimens). Anal ring with 6 setae; anal tube about as long as anal plates; length of anal ring setae up to about 200 μm. Eyespots each oval, located on dorsum almost dorsad to scape; each lens about 20 ‒ 30 x 15 ‒ 22 μm. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all quite long, usually slightly curved and finely spinose, each about 20 ‒ 27 μm long (clearly much longer than a dorsal seta), with apex pointed; each basal socket only slightly smaller than that of a dorsal seta (about 5.0 μm wide) and quite deep; setae slightly displaced onto dorsum, with mostly 2 setae (occasionally only 1) roughly associated with each marginal reticulation point, but also with fairly frequent setae between reticulation points; with about 29 marginal setae between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 7 ‒ 13 between stigmatic clefts and 23 ‒ 26 on abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts not as deep as in some species, each with outer margins almost touching; inner part of cleft widening and becoming quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; with 3 long, narrow to stout, blunt stigmatic spines, median spine longest, 30 ‒ 42 μm long, extending out to margin, lateral spines each 16 ‒ 25 μm long. Outer margins of stigmatic clefts without marginal setae. Anal cleft with margins touching along entire length. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores unusual, each small, mainly with 6 ‒ 8 loculi, present in segments VII and VI only, with 5 ‒ 9 on each side of VII and 7 ‒ 10 on each side of VI. Spiracular disc-pores, small and mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band mainly 1 pore wide between each spiracle and margin, number of pores very variable, depending on asymmetry, with up to 25 pores per band on broad side and as few as perhaps 7 on narrow side. Ventral microducts minute, probably present throughout. Ventral setae: quite hard to see due to sclerotisation but pair of longer setae present medially in abdominal segment VII, each 25 ‒ 42 μm long, plus some much shorter setae across all abdominal segments, more anterior and lateral setae becoming shorter, each about 8 μm long. Antennae very reduced, with almost no indication of segmentation; setae only visible near apex, number reduced, possibly only 2 or 3 fleshy setae and 1 or 2 other setae; total antennal length 35 ‒ 45 μm. Clypeolabral shield about 120 ‒ 130 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 35 ‒ 40 μm. Legs only visible on holotype specimen, represented by a short claw, with no digitules.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBE4AE48DAC581C7D53.taxon	discussion	Comments. Adult female P. faveolatum sp. nov. is unique amongst known Platylecanium species in having only 6 ‒ 8 loculi in each multilocular disc-pore and in lacking a membranous ray extending medially from each stigmatic cleft. Other characters of note are: (i) the honeycomb appearance of the derm in mature specimens; (ii) the long marginal setae, much longer than dorsal setae; (iii) capitate dorsal setae; (iv) preopercular pores rather abundant and approximately equally frequently associated with all four clear areas; (v) a non-crenulated margin; (vi) anal plates only slightly longer than combined width and each with apical seta set back from apex; (vii) legs reduced to just claws, lacking digitules, and (viii) antennae with obscure segmentation and a reduced number of setae. In having: (i) a body less than twice as long as broad; (ii) anal plates about as wide as their combined widths, and (iii) very reduced antennae, P. faveolatum is closest to non-asymmetric P. asymmetricum, P. mesuae and P. cribrigerum but differs from all of them in having: (i) multilocular disc-pores with only 6 or 7 loculi, (ii) quite large preopercular pores which are about equally frequently associated with all clear areas, and (iii) capitate dorsal setae. The other species have (i) multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi, (ii) rather small preopercular pores which are few or absent in association with anterior clear areas, and (iii) sharply pointed dorsal setae. Platylecanium faveolatum is currently known only from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, on Castanopsis lucida (Fagaceae).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF04FFBE4AE48DAC581C7D53.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species name, faveolatum, refers to the honeycomb marking on the dorsum: it is derived from the Latin faveolatus, meaning “ finely honeycombed ”.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF07FFB04AE489235E2E7A33.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SRI LANKA: One slide with 3 specimens labelled: top label (circular): Type (in red); lower label: Lecanium / fusiforme / Green / Ambalangoda / Ceylon / III. 1911 (Lectotype (here designated) (1 / 3 adff, good. Lectotype specimen nearest Type label; other specimens here designated paralectotypes) (NMHL). Two slides with a further 3 specimens, here designated paralectotypes, labelled: left label: Lecanium / fusiforme / Green / (type / material); right label: undet. plant / (? Memecylon sp.) / CEYLON / Ambalangoda. / March 1911 / 4 / 78 (NHML) (1 / 1 adf, mature specimen, good; 1 / 2 adff, immature, good).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF07FFB04AE489235E2E7A33.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Not described by Green. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 9); description taken from all six specimens. Body basically lemon-shaped, rather pointed at both ends, length 2.4 ‒ 4.4 mm, width 1.25 ‒ 2.9 mm; anal cleft about 1 / 6 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm membranous when very young, becoming variously sclerotised at maturity but palest near margin and in centre of each reticulation plate; sclerotised on older specimens mainly in a median line from anal plates to head and associated with reticulation lines. With 2 complete pale submarginal bands of areolations, those in more marginal band small; areolations in more submarginal band larger and more abundant. Reticulation plates mainly in 3 distinct longitudinal bands on each side, with a narrow additional band running from anal plates to anterior margin; marginal reticulation points reasonably distinct, with 13 on head between anterior stigmatic cleft and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft, often difficult to distinguish). With a distinct unsclerotised ray extending radially from each stigmatic cleft, each extending to dorsad to each spiracle or even a little further medially. Dorsal setae each 7 ‒ 9 μm long (subequal in length to a marginal seta), setose, mostly distinctly curved, each in a socket about 3 ‒ 4 μm wide; with only a few setae raised on a distinct fleshy base, each with seta on apex; setae restricted to within reticulation lines and more abundant towards margin, becoming distinctly scarce medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a loose group of preopercular pores, each pore about 3 ‒ 4 μm wide (as wide as or wider than width of a setal basal socket), convex with a distinct border; preopercular pores approximately distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 3 ‒ 15; CA 2, 4 ‒ 14; CA 3, 3 ‒ 13, CA 4, 5 ‒ 14. Dorsal pores possibly of 2 sizes, each represented by a clear area in derm on mature specimens, restricted to within reticulation lines along with dorsal setae; larger pores each about 2 μm wide (not easy to separate from preopercular pores), smaller pores, probably microducts, each 1 ‒ 2 μm wide. Anal plates much longer than broad, each 189 ‒ 202 μm long, combined width 118 ‒ 143 μm, each with anterior margin generally slightly shorter than posterior margin; each with 4 setae, each 5 ‒ 7 μm long, distributed as in diagnosis, and without small pores medially; underside of each plate showing nothing distinctive. Anterior margin of anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae; with 2 pairs of fine setae in middle of each lateral margin (often very difficult to see) and 1 short seta at posterior end of each apodeme; apodeme simple. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 7 ‒ 10 μm long (very similar to dorsal setae), and finely setose, each with a basal socket about 3 μm wide; with 1 ‒ 3 (rarely 4) setae approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point; with about 23 setae between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 9 setae between stigmatic clefts, and 21 ‒ 23 along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins touching or almost so; inner part of cleft quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each containing 3 stigmatic spines subequal in length, each 40 ‒ 60 μm long; each outer cleft margin with 2 or 3 marginal setae. Anal cleft with margins touching. Eyespots each more-or-less round, located on dorsum away from margin, width of lens about 20 ‒ 25 μm. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 7 ‒ 8 μm wide, mostly with 10 loculi, frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; number on each side: VII, 13 ‒ 22; VI, 9 ‒ 23. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3.0 ‒ 3.5 μm wide, mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin; with 15 ‒ 27 pores in each anterior band and 20 ‒ 38 in each posterior band. Ventral microducts minute, rather sparsely distributed throughout. Ventral setae: interantennal setae short and sparse; with pairs of long setae present on abdominal segments VII, each 66 ‒ 90 μm long, and VI, each 25 ‒ 40 μm long; setae sparse elsewhere, smaller submarginally than medially. Antennae very reduced, but each possibly with 4 or 5 obscure segments, with setae only visible on near apex; total antennal length 53 ‒ 75 μm. Clypeolabral shield 120 ‒ 126 μm long; clypeal setae absent. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 33 ‒ 40 μm. Legs very small to minute, more-or-less reduced to a claw; metathoracic legs longest, each 13 ‒ 23 μm long, prothoracic legs each 5 ‒ 12 μm long; digitules absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF07FFB04AE489235E2E7A33.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium fusiforme can be diagnosed by the following combination of character-states: (i) body lemon shaped, mature adults distinctly pointed at each end; (ii) anal plates clearly longer than their combined width; (iii) each anal plate without a cleft on underside of inner margin; (iv) margin not crenulated; (v) marginal and dorsal setae similar in size; (vi) preopercular pores similar in width to width of a setal socket; (vii) preopercular pores associated with all four clear areas; (viii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 stigmatic spines, subequal in length; (ix) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (x) legs very reduced, mainly to a claw, without digitules, and (xi) antennae moderately developed, showing 4 or 5 obscure segments. The dorsum of mature P. fusiforme becomes sclerotised along the reticulation lines, somewhat similar to mature P. nepalense, but the latter has (i) many more stigmatic spines in each cleft; (ii) shorter antennae, and (iii) the body is much less pointed at each end. In having: (i) moderately developed antennae, much longer than 3 times basal width; (ii) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI, and (iii) marginal setae more-or-less restricted to marginal reticulation points, P. fusiforme somewhat resembles P. coelogyne, described as new above, but differs in having: (i) a body with pointed anterior and posterior ends; (ii) much longer anal plates, and (iii) long thin stigmatic spines. Platylecanium fusiforme has only been recorded from Sri Lanka and does not appear to have been collected since the original description (García Morales et al. 2016). The possible host, Memecylon sp., belongs to the Melastomataceae, a large family with 194 genera of mostly tropical shrubs and herbs (Brummitt 1992).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF09FFB54AE48E835A6C7EE7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type material: MALAYSIA: Lectotype adf: upper labels: a small round label stating Lectotype, plus another label stating: Pres. by / Comm. Inst. Ent. / B. M. 1953.789, and a third label showing a map of the round cover slip and the position of the Lectotype, marked in red; lower label: Platylecanium / asymmetricum / Morr. var / mesuae Tak. / 29. vi. 1943 / Mesua / Kuala / Lumpur / R. Takahashi (1 / 4 adff; NHML). There is also a specimen of another unknown soft scale species on the slide, covered in black ink (not P. mesuae). The remaining (paralectotype) specimens are somewhat damaged, particularly the venter. In addition, several of them have nymphs inside. This is thought to be the only type slide of P. mesuae.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF09FFB54AE48E835A6C7EE7.taxon	discussion	Note. The following description is a slightly modified version of Hodgson (2023), which was made from the lectotype plus the largest and smallest specimens.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF09FFB54AE48E835A6C7EE7.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unknown. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 10). Some parts of dorsum are covered in a broken glassy test. Body oval but asymmetrical, most obviously indicated by the position of the mouthparts and lengths of the stigmatic grooves. Body probably almost flat in life, length 2.7 – 3.3 mm; width 1.7 – 2.4 mm; stigmatic clefts distinct but narrow and sclerotised, anal cleft with sides adpressed, about 1 / 6 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm rather evenly sclerotised throughout apart from: (i) quite strong sclerotisation in each stigmatic cleft; (ii) a fairly broad sclerotised area around anal plates; (iii) randomly shaped, lightly sclerotised areas around each clear area, approximately on abdominal segments II – VI; (iv) a quite wide membranous area around each eyespot, and (v) a radial membranous groove extending medially from each stigmatic cleft, those on short side 25 – 40 µm long and 50 – 65 µm long on long side. Derm on more sclerotised specimens also with oval-to-round areolations submarginally. Dorsal setae each very fine and setose, about 5 µm long, generally slightly bent, apparently situated on a membranous cone, present in a reticulate pattern, but setae much sparser medially where pattern vague; with probably a total of 47 marginal reticulation points with setae around margin, and 11 reticulation plates medially between anal plates and anterior margin. Dorsal pores of 2 types: (i) very small pores, possibly microducts, represented by unstained dots, each about 2 µm wide, present within reticulation lines of dorsal setae (not present within areolations); and (ii) small, convex preopercular pores found in groups associated with each clear area, each pore 4 – 6 µm wide, frequency as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0; CA 2, 1 – 5; CA 3, 5 – 8; CA 4, 4 – 8 pores and CA 5 (when visible), 0. Anal plates together quadrate, 128 – 133 µm long, combined width 120 – 130 µm, each plate with outer margins more-or-less straight and subequal in length; probably with four setae near apex, all very fine and short, each perhaps 3 – 5 µm long. Anogenital fold possibly without setae on anterior margin but with 3 short, very fine setae on each lateral margin, each seta about 3 – 8 µm long; anal plate apodemes fusing along anterior margin of anogenital fold. Anal ring bearing 6 setae, each about 150 µm long. Eyespot present on dorsum, located about half-way between margin and a point dorsad to antennal scape; width of lens 23 – 25 µm, greatest width of surrounding membranous area 65 – 85 µm. Margin slightly crenulated, with marginal setae sometimes appearing to be set slightly onto dorsum. Marginal setae finely setose, with some setae bending anteriorly and others posteriorly, each seta about 10 – 15 µm long, slightly curved; with a group of 0 – 3 (mostly 2 or 3) at each reticulation point; absent from anal lobes and from along outer margins of each stigmatic cleft. Stigmatic clefts each narrow at margin, widening inwardly, strongly sclerotised along innermost margin; each cleft containing 3 spinose stigmatic setae, each bluntly pointed and more-or-less parallel sided; medial spine rather variable in length (but some thought to be broken), 38 – 55 µm long, each lateral spine 28 – 43 µm long. Venter. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi, present on segments VII and VI only, with, on each side, VII with 12 – 19 and VI with 17 – 22. Spiracular disc-pores mostly with 5 loculi but very small, present in rows more-or-less 1 pore wide between each spiracle and margin, with many fewer on short side, as follows: side with short bands with 5 – 10 (mainly 5 or 6) per band, side with longer bands with 14 – 22. Ventral microducts minute, each perhaps 1.5 µm wide, sparse, distribution uncertain. Ventral setae: with perhaps 2 pairs of interantennal setae; 1 pair of pregenital setae, each 40 – 55 µm long; other setae all setose and very short, each 3 – 5 µm long, situated on a rather convex basal socket. Antennae reduced, with a broad scape and with other segments fused; setae restricted to near apex, with 5 fleshy setae; each antenna 13 – 33 µm long. Clypeolabral shield about 113 – 120 µm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 23 – 31 µm; supporting bars narrow. Legs reduced to minute stubs, each about 2 – 3 µm long, without digitules; perhaps sometimes absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF09FFB54AE48E835A6C7EE7.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium mesuae can be diagnosed by the following combination of character-states: (i) body broadest posteriorly; (ii) anal plates about as long as their combined widths; (iii) each anal plate without a cleft on underside of inner margin; (iv) margin crenulated; (v) marginal setae about twice as long as dorsal setae; (vi) preopercular pores clearly larger than other dorsal pores; (vii) preopercular pores only present in association with posterior 3 pairs of clear areas; (viii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 long, narrow stigmatic spines; (ix) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (x) legs very reduced, mostly to a claw, without digitules, and (xii) antennae very reduced. The above description differs slightly from that of Takahashi (1950) in that he considered that the marginal setae were not in groups, whereas they are clearly in groups associated with the marginal reticulation points. In having: (i) a crenulated margin; (ii) reduced antennae; (iii) a body less that twice as long as broad, and (iv) multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi, P. mesuae is very similar to P. watsoniae (described as new below), and symmetric P. asymmetricum. Platylecanium mesuae differs from P. watsoniae as follows (character-states for P. watsoniae in brackets): (i) anal plates about as long combined widths (clearly much longer than wide); (ii) apodemes on either side of anterior end of anal cleft fused anteriorly (clearly separate); (iii) possibly with anterior margin of anogenital fold without setae (with 2 pairs of setae); (iv) each stigmatic cleft without marginal setae along outer margins (with 2 or 3 marginal setae), and (v) dorsal setae finely setose, and each less than half length of a marginal seta (robustly setose, each more than half length of a marginal seta). Platylecanium mesuae differs from P. asymmetricum in: (i) the absence of a deep cleft underneath the inner margin of each anal plate, and possibly (ii) in the absence of marginal setae along inner margins of each stigmatic cleft. Platylecanium mesuae is currently only known from the original collection in Malaysia, on Mesua sp. (Calophyllaceae).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0CFFB64AE48AB75FAC7EBF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type material not seen. MALAYSIA: Five slides containing 17 adult females: left label: Platylecanium / nepalense / Takagi / det. C. J. Hodgson / J. H. Martin 8511; right label: sapling, upper / surfaces of leaves / W. MALAYSIA / N. Sembilan / Ulu Klawang / Jeram Toi Valley / 20 March 2011 (5 / 17 adff, good) (NHML).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0CFFB64AE48AB75FAC7EBF.taxon	discussion	Note: The description below is based on eight non-type specimens, with data from Takagi’s (1975) description, followed by those from Joshi & Firake (2020) in brackets.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0CFFB64AE48AB75FAC7EBF.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Takagi (1975) does not describe the unmounted specimens, but Joshi & Firake (2020) do so as follows “ Dorsal surface coated with a delicate transparent waxy layer which is thickened in definite polygonal plates arranged in longitudinal series around dorsomedial ridge that runs from anal plate to prothorax. Marginal wax becoming more pronounced with age. Females developing on the leaf edge and adjacent to the midrib tending to become asymmetrical. Ventral position of the live female indicates absence of legs and presence of very short antenna and clear demarcation of marginal and submarginal areas. Adult female developing away from midrib or leaf margin perfectly symmetrical. Margin with regular rectangular thick wax filaments which are shed even by strong wind current. Very well marked marginal area yellowish brown and submarginal area brown. Median area golden yellow with central area orange-brown. Transparent waxy layer producing irregularly polygonal 25 – 27 depressions arranged symmetrically around both the sides of dorsomedial ridge. These depressions having carapace pattern. Black eyes prominent. ” Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 11). Rather flat, body symmetrical (mainly asymmetrical; both), roundly oval, length 4.25 ‒ 5.2 (4.6 ‒ 5.8; 3.8 ‒ 5.0) mm, width 3.3 ‒ 4.1 (‒; 2.6 ‒ 4.0) mm; anal cleft about 1 / 6 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm becoming sclerotised at maturity, sclerotisation appearing first along reticulation lines medially and then spreading out around each reticulation plate and expanding laterally into marginal areas; remaining pale around each eyespot. With complete pale band of abundant areolations set a short distance in from margin, each areolation quite large. Reticulation plates probably in 4 longitudinal bands on each side, those medially largest. Marginal reticulation points reasonably distinct, with 13 on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and with, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft, often difficult to distinguish). Distinct unsclerotised ray arising from each stigmatic cleft, each extending to dorsad to a spiracle or even a little further medially, only becoming visible with maturity due to sclerotisation of dorsum. Dorsal setae each 7 ‒ 9 (‒; 7 ‒ 8) μm long (only slightly shorter than or subequal in length to a marginal seta), setose, mostly distinctly curved, each in a socket about 4 ‒ 5 μm wide - distinctly larger than that for a marginal seta, with many setae raised on a fleshy cone, some cones long, up to 40 μm long, each with seta on apex; setae restricted to within reticulation lines and most abundant towards margin, becoming scarcer medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each with a group of preopercular pores, each pore about 5 ‒ 6 μm wide and possibly slightly convex with a distinct border; pores distributed mainly posterolateral to each clear area, as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 4 ‒ 8 (1 ‒ 12; 1 ‒ 15); CA 2, 4 ‒ 10 (10 ‒ 19; 1 ‒ 10); CA 3, 6 ‒ 11 (12 ‒ 21; 0 ‒ 19); CA 4, 6 ‒ 11 (10 ‒ 24; 0 ‒ 15). Dorsal microducts represented by small clear spots in derm on mature specimens, each spot 4 ‒ 6 μm wide, but occasionally with a small round pore visible, each about 1.5 μm wide; pores more abundant than dorsal setae and also restricted to within reticulation lines. Anal plates each 243 ‒ 252 (‒; 290 ‒ 325) μm long, combined width 134 ‒ 155 (‒: 120 ‒ 180) μm; together clearly significantly longer than broad, each with anterior margin slightly shorter than posterior margin; with 4 setae near apex, most 5 ‒ 7 μm long but apical seta up to 10 μm long, present as diagnosis; often with 1 small pore medially; underside of each plate showing nothing distinctive. Anal tube about as long as anal plates; anal ring with 6 setae, each about 320 ‒ 350 μm long. Anterior margin of anogenital fold with 2 short fine setae on each side, 2 pairs of fine setae in middle of each lateral margin (often very difficult to see) and 1 short seta at posterior end of each apodeme. Eyespots, each more-or-less round, located away from margin on dorsum; width of each lens about 25 μm, in unsclerotised area about 30 ‒ 40 (35 ‒ 40; 40 ‒ 50) μm wide. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 8 ‒ 15 (‒; 10 ‒ 12.5) μm long (only slightly longer than dorsal setae); setose, occurring mainly in groups of 2 ‒ 4 (‒; 0 or 1) approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point; with about 25 ‒ 45 (sparse; 2 ‒ 5) between anterior stigmatic clefts, with, on each side, 11 ‒ 19 (sparse; 0 ‒ 2) setae between stigmatic clefts, and 25 ‒ 39 (sparse; 1 ‒ 6) setae along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad with inner margin strongly sclerotised; with 5 ‒ 9 (4 ‒ 7; 5 or 6) stigmatic spines, mainly subequal in length or with outer spines in each group shortest, each 20 ‒ 54 (‒; 37.5 ‒ 62.6) μm long; each outer cleft with 1 ‒ 3, rarely 0, setae on each margin. Anal cleft with margins touching; derm finely granulated along posterior margin of each anal plate. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 7 ‒ 8 μm wide, mostly with 10 loculi (‒; 6 ‒ 11), frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; numbers on each side: VII, 10 ‒ 22 (15 ‒ 23; 24 ‒ 43); VI, 22 ‒ 37 (22 ‒ 33; 31 ‒ 47). Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3.0 ‒ 3.5 μm wide, mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle; with (possibly) 22 ‒ 40 (‒; 8 ‒ 31) in each anterior band and 33 ‒ 47 (‒; 16 ‒ 38) in each posterior band (maximum 39 ‒ 40 in each band, according to Takagi). Ventral microducts minute, rather sparsely distributed throughout. Ventral setae: interantennal setae absent; long setae present on abdominal segments VII and VI; lengths: VII each 50 ‒ 85 (40; 50 ‒ 65) μm, and VI each about 25 μm; setae sparse elsewhere but shorter marginally than medially. Antennae very reduced, segmentation rather obscure but some segments usually visible, with a basal scape, a further segment and 3 apical segments; total antennal length 73 ‒ 101 (60 ‒ 80; 50 ‒ 70) μm. Clypeolabral shield 120 ‒ 126 (‒; 125) μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 40 ‒ 50 (‒; 25 ‒ 40) μm. Legs all minute, when detectable, more-or-less reduced to a claw without digitules (absent; absent). Comments. The above redescription differs from that given by Joshi & Firake (2020) in that their anal plates were significantly longer than in the Malaysian specimens; this description also differs from both Joshi & Firake (2020) and Takagi (1975) in the frequency of the marginal setae, which was apparently much higher on the Malaysian specimens. Nonetheless, these specimens are otherwise very similar and are here considered to be conspecific. The specimens described here were all symmetrical. The original type series, collected in Nepal (Balaju, at 1400 m), were asymmetrical to varying degrees (Takagi, 1975). Joshi & Firake (2020) indicated that some of their specimens (from India, Umiam, Meghalaya) showed asymmetry whereas others did not. It is considered here that asymmetry is a phenotypic character, as argued in the Introduction above. In all other respects, the above description fits very closely that of Takagi (1975) and Joshi & Firake (2020). Platylecanium nepalense is recognisable by the following combination of character-states: (i) large body size; (ii) margin not crenulated; (iii) the characteristic patterns of sclerotisation on dorsum on mature specimens; (iv) marginal setae subequal to or only slightly longer than dorsal setae; (v) anal plates clearly longer than their combined widths; (vi) underside of each anal plate showing nothing distinctive; (vii) preopercular pores associated with all four clear areas; (viii) usually with at least 6 stigmatic spines in each stigmatic cleft (range 4 ‒ 9); (ix) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (x) legs very reduced, mostly to a claw, without digitules, and (xi) antennae reduced but with some segmentation visible. Apart from P. vanda, sp. nov. (described below), P. nepalense is immediately separable from all other known Platylecanium species by the large number of stigmatic spines in each cleft (4 ‒ 9). However, P. nepalense and P. vanda are morphologically very similar but can be differentiated as follows: P. nepalense is a large species (mature (sclerotised) specimens 4.25 ‒ 5.8 mm long), clearly larger than mature P. vanda (only 2.0 ‒ 4.3 mm long); the smaller size of P. vanda is also clearly shown by the size of the anal plates, more than 240 μm long in P. nepalense but less than 210 μm long in P. vanda. The two species are also found on very different hosts (P. nepalense on Anacardiaceae and Arecaceae and P. vanda on Orchidaceae). It is also possible that they differ in the frequency of the marginal setae, with P. nepalense having mainly 2 ‒ 4 setae at each reticulation point, but with only 0 or 1 seta at each of these points on P. vanda. However, Joshi & Firake (2020) reported very few marginal setae (a maximum of 13 setae per side) and so this character may vary geographically. It should be noted that there are a few minor errors in the paper by Joshi & Firake (2020). In their fig. 2, l = the spiracle, m = the multilocular disc-pores, n = the submarginal setae, o = prevulvar seta, and p = the antenna. There is no habitus photograph (q). In addition, in the last couplet of their key, the lengths given for P. elongatum and P. cyperi have been switched – P. cyperi is the larger of the two species. Platylecanium nepalense is now known from Nepal, on an Anacardiaceous plant, India on Dypsis lutescens and Phoenix sylvestris (Arecaceae), China on Calamus inermis (Arecaceae) and Malaysia on an unknown host. Immature stages: Joshi & Firake (2020) also described and illustrated the field characters of the immature stages of P. nepalense: “ Appearance in life: Crawlers yellow. Second-instar nymphs transparent, anal plates brownish opaque, anal and stigmatic clefts white, margin with thin wax filaments. Third-instar nymphs with marginal and submarginal areas translucent, median area opaque yellow with central area turning darker. ”	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0FFF884AE4890F5AFD7CEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SULAWESI UTARA. Holotype: left label: Platylecanium / palmae / Hodgson / Holotype; right label: Dumoga-Bone n. p. / Sulawesi Utara / approx. 1140 m. alt / Clarks Camp / Palmae – poss. Calamus / 10. v. 1985 / J. H. Martin 4935 A (1 / 1 adf, good) (NHML). Paratypes ♀♀: as above, labelled paratype (1 / 1 adf, good) (NHML); also Platylecanium / palmae / Hodgson / paratype ♀♀; right label: Ratan Palm / Dumoga-Bone n. p. / SULAWESI UTARA / approx. 1140 m. alt / Clarks Camp area / 10. v. 1985 / J. H. Martin 4936 A (1 / 2 adff, good) (NHML).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0FFF884AE4890F5AFD7CEF.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unrecorded, but slide-mounted specimens with remains of a thin waxy or glassy test. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 12). Body elongate oval and basically symmetrical, about 2.5 times longer than broad and rounded at both ends, length 3.7 ‒ 4.8 mm, width 1.9 ‒ 2.0 mm; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum. All four specimens probably young as derm unsclerotised; only areas with obvious sclerotisation inner margins of stigmatic clefts; all specimens showing a differentiated narrow marginal area and a rather obscure submarginal band of areolations; with slightly denser derm associated with anal plates and possibly around each eyespot; medially, derm covered in small white (shiny) spots of what appears to be waxy material. Layout of reticulation plates vague but with marginal reticulation points as follows: 13 on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, perhaps 5 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen. With a distinct unsclerotised ray arising from each stigmatic cleft, length of rays: anterior, each 295 ‒ 440 μm, posterior, each 210 ‒ 500 μm. Dorsal setae robust and setose, mostly slightly curved, each 12 ‒ 14 μm long, with basal socket 5 ‒ 6 μm wide; no dorsal setae appear to be raised on distinct fleshy bases; setae located in reticulation lines but scarce medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, but rather obscure, each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores, each pore mostly 3.0 ‒ 3.5 μm wide with a distinct border and a few dark spots medially; usually distributed in 2 groups, one anterior to and other posterior to each clear area, as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 8 ‒ 13; CA 2, 8 ‒ 13; CA 3, 6 ‒ 12; CA 4, 5 ‒ 7. No other dorsal pores found, but it is likely that microducts present as in other Platylecanium species. Anal plates 174 ‒ 188 μm long, 141 ‒ 145 μm combined width, each plate clearly longer than broad, with a pointed apex; with 4 setae all close to apex, apical setae each 21 ‒ 23 μm long, others each 8 ‒ 10 μm long; no small pores noted; underside of each plate showing nothing significant. Anogenital fold with 4 or 5 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, 0 fine setae along each lateral margin, plus 1 seta at posterior end of each apodeme, latter 7 ‒ 8 μm long. Anal tube about same length as anal plates; anal ring with 6 setae, length of each seta up to 230 ‒ 250 μm. Eyespots oval, located on dorsum away from margin; maximum width of each lens about 18 ‒ 20 μm. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae fairly long and setose, each about 13 ‒ 17 μm long (mostly slightly longer than a dorsal seta) with a sharp apex; basal socket slightly narrower than that of dorsal setae; more-or-less evenly distributed around margin although occasionally with a slight concentration near a marginal reticulation point, with about 50 ‒ 55 between anterior clefts and, on each side, 21 ‒ 25 between clefts and 41 ‒ 49 on abdominal margin; marginal setae absent from outer margins of stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part widening and becoming quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each cleft with 3 long, narrow, blunt stigmatic spines, with middle spine frequently shorter than lateral spines; each 25 ‒ 40 μm long. Anal cleft with margins touching along entire length. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi, present in segments VII, VI and V; with (only countable on holotype specimen) 8 and 11 on each side of VII, 18 and 20 on each side of VI and 4? and 5 on each side of V. Spiracular disc-pores, each rather small, mostly with 5 loculi, present between each spiracle and margin in a narrow band mainly 1 pore wide, with 13 ‒ 18 disc-pores in each band. Ventral microducts minute; with a concentration near labium but possibly present throughout. Ventral setae: a pair of short setae present between antennal bases; pairs of longer setae in segment VII, each about 70 μm long, and moderately long pairs in segments VI and V, each 30 ‒ 40 μm long; distribution of other setae hard to determine but submarginal setae very short, only slightly longer than width of basal socket, and very sparse. Antennae only somewhat reduced, each with a distinct scape and pedicel, a long third segment and apical 3 segments all fused; with setose setae on scape and pedicel, and with perhaps 5 fairly long fleshy setae plus 4 ‒ 6 setose setae on apical segment; total antennal length 152 ‒ 190 μm. Clypeolabral shield 117 ‒ 135 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 33 ‒ 40 μm. Legs reduced, only detectable on holotype specimen, each represented by small sclerotised areas of derm, possibly representing claw.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0FFF884AE4890F5AFD7CEF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium palmae sp. nov. can be quickly recognised by the following combination of character-states: (i) antennae almost fully developed; (ii) marginal setae many, distributed rather evenly around the margin; (iii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 setae, median seta often shortest; (iv) multilocular disc-pores present in posterior 3 abdominal segments (V-VII inclusive); (v) preopercular pores about equally frequent around all four clear areas, and (vi) 4 or 5 pairs of setae present on anterior margin of anal cleft. In having almost complete antennae, P. palmae is somewhat like P. coelogyne, described above, but is otherwise very different. Platylecanium palmae is currently known only from the original collection in Sulawesi Utara off a species of palm, possibly Calamus sp. (Arecaceae).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF0FFF884AE4890F5AFD7CEF.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species is named after the common name used for its host plant - palm – derived from the Latin ‘ palma ’ for palm tree.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF31FF884AE488BF5A9F7898.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium riouwense, from the Riau (Riouw) Is in the Philippines, was only briefly described and illustrated by Takahashi (1951), who did not indicate the host. It does not appear to have been collected since. From the description, it seems extremely likely that the venter was missing as no details are given of ventral structures and only 1 incomplete specimen exists. The key character-states that can be gleaned from his description are: (i) body elongate, 2.6 mm long, about 2.2 times longer than broad; (ii) margin not crenulated (“ simple ”); (iii) dorsum with faint, large areolations submarginally; (iv) clear areas present, but perhaps only posterior 3 pairs; (v) stigmatic clefts small, each with 3 stigmatic spines; (vi) stigmatic spines slender and blunt, not reaching margin; (vii) marginal setae short, fine and curved, much shorter than stigmatic spines; (viii) marginal setae few, perhaps with only 6 on each side between stigmatic clefts; (ix) anal plates about 2.5 times longer than width of a single plate, each with a blunt apex, and (x) each anal plate with posterior margin convex and subequal in length or slightly shorter than anterior margin. It is unfortunate that no characters on the venter were described by Takahashi. However, in having an elongate body, more than twice as long as wide, P. riouwense somewhat resembles P. asymmetricum, P. cyperi, P. dendrobii and P. palmae (the latter two species are described as new above). However, P. riouwense apparently differs from P. asymmetricum in having (i) a non-crenulate margin (the margin of P. asymmetricum is crenulated) and (ii) no cleft on on inner margin on underside of anal plate. Platylecanium riouwense differs from the other three species in having the anterior and posterior margins of the anal plates subequal in length or posterior margin shorter than the anterior margin, and each plate with a blunt apex (the other three species have anal plates with the posterior margins clearly longer than anterior margins, and each plate has a pointed apex). Platylecanium riouwense also differs from P. palmae in having few marginal setae (about 6) on each side between the stigmatic clefts (more than 20 on P. palmae), and in having large areolations (small in P. palmae). It also differs from P. dendrobii in having the body rounded at both ends (clearly not rounded on P. dendrobii), and probably differs from P. cyperi in the arrangement of the dorsal areolations.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF32FF8C4AE48BDE5AC97A33.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type material: SARAWAK: left label: Platylecanium / sarawakense / Hodgson / Holotype / and paratype / reddish in life; right label: host indet., upper / surface of leaves / SARAWAK / Gunung / Mulu Nat. Park, / 5 g. Melinau, Camp 5 / 1. iii. 1989 / J. H. Martin 5450 (1 / 2 adff, good, holotype specimen on right, next to locality label) (NHML). Non-type specimens: SARAWAK: left label: SARAWAK / Sibute, Piper nigrum / C. R. Wallace / 1. xii. 1961 1942 / C. I. E. C 486; right label: Platylecanium / sarawakense / Hodgson (3 / 6 adff in fair condition but covered in a lot of white wax-like test and with much fungal hyphae; asymmetrical) (NHML). BRUNEI: left label: Platylecanium / sarawakense / Hodgson; right label: BRUNEI, Salapon / vi. 1974 on / Piper nigrum / No. 875 / D. J. McCrae / CIE A 7471 (2 / 3 adff, fairly good, symmetrical but with a lot of waxy test still present and attacked by fungi) (NHML).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF32FF8C4AE48BDE5AC97A33.taxon	discussion	Note. The two type specimens (Fig. 13) are basically symmetrical but the non-type specimens from Sibute (Fig. 14) are strongly asymmetrical. The description is made from the type specimens, with data for non-type Gunung specimens given in brackets where different.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF32FF8C4AE48BDE5AC97A33.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Apparently reddish in life; non-type specimens with a thin whitish waxy test. Slide-mounted adult female (Figs 13 & 14). Body oval and basically symmetrical (strongly asymmetrical), rounded at both ends, length 4.4 ‒ 4.5 (3.0 ‒ 4.8) mm, width 2.6 ‒ 3.2 (1.7 ‒ 2.9) mm; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm unsclerotised and therefore specimens relatively young; inner margins of stigmatic clefts only areas with obvious sclerotisation; all specimens showing a narrow margin and then a rather obscure submarginal band of areolations (latter not visible); with slightly denser derm around anal plate and possibly around each eyespot. Layout of reticulation plates not easily determined but marginal reticulation points as follows: with 13 between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen. Unsclerotised stigmatic ray arising from each stigmatic cleft indistinct; length of rays: anterior each 275 ‒ 420 (210 ‒ 465) μm, posterior each 340 ‒ 420 (? ‒ 465) μm. Dorsal setae robust and setose, generally curved, each 6 ‒ 8 μm long, with a basal socket about 3.0 (4.0) μm wide, socket only slightly larger or subequal to that of a marginal seta (clearly larger); no dorsal setae appear to be raised on distinct fleshy bases; setae located in reticulation lines but scarcer medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, but rather obscure, posterior 2 or 3 (1 ‒ 3) clear areas each surrounded by group of preopercular pores, each pore mostly 3 ‒ 4 (4 ‒ 5) μm wide - subequal to width of dorsal setal basal socket, each with a distinct border and a few dark markings medially; pores usually distributed in two groups, one anterior to and other posterior to each clear area as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0 (0 ‒ 2); CA 2, 1 or 2 (7 ‒ 14); CA 3, 4 ‒ 6 (11 ‒ 18); CA 4, 8 ‒ 11 (9 ‒ 18). Microducts represented by pale spots within the reticulate pattern with dorsal setae. Anal plates combined width 147 ‒ 164 (134 ‒ 143) μm, each plate clearly longer than broad, 235 ‒ 244 (176 ‒ 206) μm long, with a pointed apex; with 4 setae all close to apex, all setae 6 ‒ 8 μm long; no small pores noted; underside of each plate with a darker half-moon-shaped area along inner margin; without a deep cleft underneath on inner margin. Anogenital fold usually with 1 pair of short fine setae on anterior margin, 1 ‒ 3 (1 or 2) fine setae along each lateral margin plus a seta at posterior end of each apodeme, latter 7 (8 ‒ 10) μm long. Anal ring located at end of a long anal tube about same length as anal plates, with 6 setae; length of each anal ring seta up to 250 (230) μm. Eyespots each oval, located away from margin on dorsum; maximum width of each lens about 40 μm. Margin. Margin crenulated. Marginal setae fairly long and setose, each about 12 ‒ 17 (15 ‒ 18) μm long (approximately twice as long as a dorsal seta) with a sharp apex; basal socket subequal to that of a dorsal seta; distribution almost entirely restricted to marginal reticulation points, each point usually with 1 or 2 setae (rarely 0 or 3); and with a slight concentration of setae near each stigmatic cleft; with 30 or 31 (22 ‒ 34) setae anteriorly between stigmatic clefts, and, on each side, 10 ‒ 14 (8 ‒ 16) setae between stigmatic clefts and 25 ‒ 29 (18 ‒ 29) on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part widening and becoming quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each cleft with 3 long, blunt stigmatic spines, middle spine normally significantly longer than lateral spines, not nearly extending out to margin; each median spine 50 ‒ 78 (26 ‒ 37) μm long, lateral spines each 33 ‒ 55 (18 ‒ 32) μm long. Inner cleft margins with or without setae. Anal cleft with margins touching along entire length. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each mostly with 10 loculi, present in abdominal segments VII and VI; with 21 ‒ 25 (27 ‒ 34) on each side of VII, and 33 ‒ 40 (31 ‒ 42) on each side of VI. Spiracular disc-pores, each rather small, mostly with 5 loculi, present between each spiracle and margin in a narrow band mainly 1 pore wide, with 16 ‒ 25 (6 ‒ 29) disc-pores in each anterior band and 22 ‒ 30 (8 ‒ 33) disc pores in each posterior band. Ventral microducts minute; probably present throughout. Ventral setae: a pair of long setae in segment VII, each about 75 ‒ 80 (46 ‒ 77) μm long, and a pair of shorter setae in VI, each 16 ‒ 25 μm long, setae becoming shorter more anteriorly and laterally; submarginal setae very short, only slightly longer than width of basal socket, very sparse. Antennae very reduced, each more-or-less one segmented with just a hint of scape; with setae only near apex; total antennal length 48 ‒ 58 (45 ‒ 53) μm. Clypeolabral shield 113 ‒ 120 (105 ‒ 122) μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 33 ‒ 37 (31 ‒ 35) μm. Legs only represented by small claws, sometimes impossible to locate.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF32FF8C4AE48BDE5AC97A33.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium sarawakense sp. nov. is recognisable by the following combination of character-states: (i) roundly oval body shape; (ii) margin clearly crenulated; (iii) marginal setae almost entirely restricted to marginal reticulation points; (iv) dorsal setae about half length of marginal setae; (v) anal plates slightly longer than combined width, each plate with an acute apex; (vi) underside of each anal plate with a crescent-shaped sclerotisation along inner margin; (vii) preopercular pores absent (or rare) on anteriormost clear areas; (viii) each stigmatic cleft with 3 spinose setae; (ix) multilocular disc-pores rather more abundant than on many species; (x) legs reduced to just claws without digitules, and (xi) antennae very reduced. Although at first sight the specimens from Gunung and Sibute appear to be very different due to the asymmetry of the latter, all the above characters apply to both collections. The asymmetry of the latter is particularly obvious when looking at the number of spiracular disc-pores in each disc-pore row, with as few as 6 on one side and up to 29 on the other. As discussed above, it is here considered that asymmetry in soft scale insects is associated with the site where the nymphs settled and should not be considered as a character-state for separating species. In having: (i) a crenulate margin; (ii) very reduced antennae; (iii) only three stigmatic spines in each cleft, and (iv) multilocular disc-pores only in abdominal segments VI and VI, P. sarawakense is very similar to P. asymmetricum and P. mesuae. It differs from P. asymmetricum in lacking the deep cleft under the inner margins of each anal plate, and from P. mesuae in having the anal plate apodemes clearly separate along their entire length (they are fused anteriorly in P. mesuae). Platylecanium sarawakense is also very similar to P. cribrigerum but the latter (i) lacks crenulations along the margin (crenulated on P sarawakense) (ii) the anal plates are almost as long as their combined widths, each with a blunt or rounded apex width (much longer on P. sarawakense and with a pointed apex), and P. cribrigerum has few multilocular disc-pores in abdominal segment VI (many more on P. sarawakense). Platylecanium sarawakense is also somewhat similar to P. watsoniae, described as new below – see under that species for comparison. The new species is currently only known from Sarawak and Brunei on the island of Borneo off Piperaceae and an unknown host.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF32FF8C4AE48BDE5AC97A33.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species is named after the country on the island of Borneo from which most of the above specimens originated – Sarawak.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type material: THAILAND: left label: Platylecanium / on Vanda coerulea / Bangkok, Siam at S. F. / Various colrs / Apr. 19, 1948 / San Francisco 24962; right label: Platylecanium / vanda / Hodgson / holotype / paratype ad ♀♀ (3 young adf, plus 2 x second-instar ♀ nymphs: holotype: right-hand specimen, marked with a black line, furthest from label; other specimens here designated paratypes, good) (USNM). Other paratypes: THAILAND: left label: Platylecanium / on Vanda coerulea / Siam at D. C. / Lumsden & Adamas coll. / Jan. 20, 1939 / EQ # 65825; right label: Platylecanium / vanda / Hodgson / paratype ♀♀ (1 / 3 specimens: 1 immature adf + 2 x second-instar ♀ nymphs: good) (USNM). Also THAILAND: left label: Platylecanium / sp. / on Vanda coerulea / Bangkok, Siam at S. F. / Aug. 27, 1948 / San Fransico 25262; right label: Platylecanium / vanda / Hodgson / paratype ♀♀ (1 / 5 adff - 1 immature and 4 mature adf, good) (USNM). Other, non-type, material: THAILAND, on Orchidaceae leaf, 11. viii. 1975, JFK 1 A 20371, W. Adams (1 / 1 mature adf, fair) (USNM). THAILAND, on leaf of Ascocentrum sp. (Orchidaceae), 16. viii. 1979, Miami 21476, E. B. Lee (1 / 3 adf, good) (USNM). THAILAND, on Vanda sp. (Orchidaceae), 17 Mar. 1954, B. P. Stewart, Miami 3042 (1 / 1 adf, 2 x second-instar males and 1 x second-instar ♀ nymphs; good) (USNM). THAILAND (Siam), at D. C., on Vanda coerulea leaf, 31 Mar. 1939, H. L. Sanford, Coll. # 63648 (1 / 3 adf, fair) (USNM). INDIA, ex Vanda sp. leaf, 12.1.1971, B. R. Dozier, Miami # 2506 (1 / 1 adf + 2 x second-instar female nymphs, good) (USNM).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	discussion	Note: all of the above material was intercepted on entry into the U. S. A. The description is taken mainly from the type series.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unrecorded but some mounted specimens with remains of a thin waxy, glassy test. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 15). Body oval and symmetrical, quite broad and rounded at both ends, length 2.0 ‒ 4.3 mm, width 1.5 ‒ 3.3 mm; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm unsclerotised when young, becoming fairly uniformly sclerotised at maturity but generally palest near margin and most heavily sclerotised medially; a band of areolations present submarginally but often indistinct; with slightly denser derm associated with anal plates, around each clear area and around each eyespot; derm showing no specific variations in sclerotisation in relation to reticulation plates; each stigmatic cleft with a strongly sclerotised inner margin. Layout of reticulation plates rather vague but probably with 4 longitudinal bands on each side. Marginal reticulation points: with 13 between anterior stigmatic cleft and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 13 on abdomen (including that along each anal cleft margin). Unsclerotised ray arising from each stigmatic cleft distinct on mature specimen; length of each ray: 500 ‒ 750 μm. Dorsal setae robust, each 8 ‒ 12 μm long, with a wide basal socket 5 ‒ 6 μm wide (socket clearly larger than that of a marginal seta), mostly distinctly curved with a blunt apex; on mature specimens, setae only occasionally slightly raised on a distinct fleshy base, with seta located on apex; setae common in reticulation lines but scarcer medially. Clear areas present as in diagnosis, each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores, each mostly 4.5 ‒ 5.0 μm wide (distinctly larger than a dorsal microducts) but a few as large as 8.0 μm wide; each pore with a distinct border and a few dark spots medially; distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 2 ‒ 15; CA 2, 7 ‒ 16; CA 3, 9 ‒ 16; CA 4, 7 ‒ 16. Dorsal microducts each represented on mature specimens by a clear area in derm, each 2 ‒ 3 μm wide, possibly with a short inner ductule; present in a distinct reticulate pattern along with dorsal setae. Anal plates each 176 ‒ 210 μm long and 130 ‒ 168 μm wide, clearly longer than broad, with a pointed apex; each plate with 4 setae, distributed as in diagnosis; underside of each plate with a distinctly wrinkled posterior margin, and some thickening along inner margin but with no cleft underneath about half-way along inner margin. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, 2 or 3 pairs of fine setae along each lateral margin plus a seta at posterior end of each apodeme, 8 ‒ 16 μm long. Anal ring with 6 setae, located at end of an anal tube about same length as anal plates; length of anal ring setae each up to 270 μm. Eyespots oval, located on dorsum away from margin, almost dorsad to scape; width of each lens about 17 μm in a socket 20 ‒ 40 x 17 ‒ 40 μm wide. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 14 ‒ 17 μm long (subequal to or slightly longer than a dorsal seta), seta perhaps slightly narrower than dorsal setae but also with a blunt (or slightly capitate) apex; basal-socket also slightly smaller than that of a dorsal seta, with 0 or 1 approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point, each side with a total of about 10 ‒ 15 setae (not including those in each cleft). Stigmatic clefts quite deep, with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part of cleft widening and becoming quite broad, with inner margin strongly sclerotised; each cleft with 4 ‒ 7 long, narrow, blunt stigmatic spines, each 16 ‒ 75 μm long, shortest spines located laterally when 7 spines present; cleft margins each usually with 1 ‒ 3 marginal setae. Anal cleft with margins touching along entire length. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi, present in segments VII and VI only, with 10 ‒ 17 on each side of VII and 15 ‒ 21 on each side of VI. Spiracular disc-pores, each rather small, mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band mainly 1 pore wide between each spiracle and margin, with 18 ‒ 29 disc-pores in each band. Ventral microducts minute; distribution uncertain. Ventral setae: a pair of short setae present between antennae; a pair of long setae, each about 85 μm long, present on abdominal segment VII, plus some quite long setae across all abdominal segments, more anterior and lateral setae becoming shorter; submarginal setae very short, each about 4 ‒ 5 μm long. Antennae reduced, usually with a narrow scape and all other segments fused with occasional signs of pseudo-articulations; setae only visible on apical segment; total antennal length 68 ‒ 86 μm. Clypeolabral shield about 112 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 28 ‒ 42 μm. Legs absent (but see Comments below second-instar female below).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	discussion	Comments. Platylecanium vanda sp. nov. can be recognised by the following combination of character-states: (i) broadly oval shape; (ii) anal plates longer than wide, with posterior margin longer than anterior margin and with a rather pointed apex; (iii) underside of each anal plate showing nothing distinctive; (iv) margin not crenulated; (v) dorsal setae with a blunt apex and a large basal socket; (vi) marginal setae slightly longer than dorsal setae but with a narrower basal socket, each seta with a blunt apex; (vii) marginal setae very few, with only 0 or 1 associated with each marginal reticulation point and with only about 10 ‒ 15 per side; (viii) preopercular pores easily separable from dorsal simple pores; (ix) each stigmatic cleft with 4 ‒ 7 long, narrow stigmatic spines; (x) multilocular disc-pores restricted to abdominal segments VII and VI; (xi) legs normally absent, and (xii) antennae with a short scape, other segments fused. Platylecanium vanda is morphologically very similar to P. nepalense but is much smaller when mature and occurs on different hosts. For a comparison, see under P. nepalense above All of this material was intercepted on entry into the U. S. A., mainly on leaves of the orchid Vanda coerulea Griff. Ex Lindl. Platylecanium vanda, sp. nov. appears to be restricted to Orchidaceae and so far is known only from Thailand and India. Second-instar female Described from all available specimens.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unrecorded. Slide-mounted specimens (Fig. 16). Body roundly oval, length 1.50 ‒ 1.65 mm, greatest width 1.05 ‒ 1.23 mm. Dorsum. Derm membranous apart from small areas of heavy sclerotisation on inner margin of each stigmatic cleft. Reticulation lines, reticulation plates and membranous rays either absent or not visible. Dorsal setae absent. Clear areas, dorsal pores and microducts not visible. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Anal plates each 116 ‒ 125 μm long, combined width 88 ‒ 98 μm; together almost quadrate, but each plate with anterior margin slightly shorter than posterior margin; posterior margin generally with a distinct nick about half way along; each plate with 4 setae distributed as in diagnosis; without small pores; underside of each plate mildly thickened underneath along inner margin and with a strongly sclerotised posterior margin. Anogenital fold with 1 pair of short fine setae on anterior margin, 1 on each lateral margin and 1 seta at posterior end of each apodeme. Eyespots approximately round, located on dorsum away from margin; maximum width of each eye about 20 μm. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each mostly about 8 ‒ 10 μm long but with 1 or 2 on outer margins of each spiracular cleft up to 16 μm long; finely setose, mostly slightly bent, possibly set slightly onto dorsum, with (not counting those on cleft margin) 6 on margin between anterior spiracular clefts and, on each side, 1 between spiracular clefts and 6 on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad but short, with inner margin strongly sclerotised, each cleft containing 3 ‒ 6 stigmatic spines (usually 4 or 5); spines each 15 ‒ 38 μm long, none extending laterally as far as margin. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores absent. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 2 μm wide, mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle; with 6 ‒ 15 in each band, usually with slightly more in anterior band than in posterior band. Ventral microducts minute, present at least near spiracular disc-pore bands. Ventral setae very scarce and short, each perhaps 2 μm long; submarginal setae set close to margin; interantennal setae absent; long setae in abdominal segment VII each about 40 μm long. Antennae very reduced, segmentation obscure but with pseudo-articulations suggesting 6 segments, with 4 or 5 fleshy setae and 3 or 4 setose setae present only on apical 3 segments; total antennal length 55 ‒ 63 μm (but occasionally only 35 μm, or up to 68 μm long). Clypeolabral shield 120 ‒ 132 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 20 ‒ 25 μm. Legs entirely absent.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	discussion	Comments. For differences from the second-instar male, see under that stage below. The complete absence of legs on most second-instar female nymphs clearly indicates that the adult females of P. vanda are normally legless. However, one of the three specimens on Ascocentrum species has quite distinct legs on all three thoracic segments, although each leg is much reduced, as follows: on prothorax: slightly swollen, 45 ‒ 50 μm long, with a minute claw, one with a tarsal digitule; on mesothorax: not as swollen, 50 ‒ 52 μm long with a claw and 1 or 2 tarsal digitules, and on metathorax: 68 ‒ 75 μm long, rather swollen, with both a minute claw and 0 or 1 digitule. These leg stubs are very different from those of the second-instar male, described below, which are not swollen.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	description	Second-instar male Unmounted material. Unrecorded. Slide-mounted specimens (Fig. 17); described from both available specimens. Body roundly oval, length 1.5 ‒ 1.9 mm, greatest width 0.9 ‒ 1.0 mm, significantly smaller than second-instar female nymphs. Dorsum. Derm membranous apart from small areas of heavy sclerotisation on the inner margin of each stigmatic cleft. Reticulation lines, reticulation plates and membranous rays either absent or not visible. Dorsal setae absent. Clear areas, dorsal pores and microducts not visible. Dorsal tubular ducts present, of 2 sizes: (i) long ducts, with outer ductule about 28 ‒ 35 μm long and inner ductule equally broad and about the same length with a glandular end; present in a sparse submarginal line, with about 12 between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 5 between stigmatic clefts and 6 on abdomen, each submarginal line terminating about 2 / 3 rds down abdominal margin; and (ii) smaller, narrower ducts, with outer ductule about 15 ‒ 18 μm long and with a short inner ductule without a glandular end, present in a submedial line on each side from anterior margin to anal plates, each line with about 15 ‒ 18 ducts; also similar ducts in radial lines extending medially from near each spiracular cleft to the submedial line, with 1 ‒ 3 in each line. Anal plates each 85 ‒ 88 μm long, combined width 66 ‒ 73 μm; together almost quadrate, but with anterior margin slightly shorter than posterior margin; each plate with 4 setae distributed as in diagnosis; without small pores; underside of each plate mildly thickened underneath along inner margin and with a strongly sclerotised posterior margin. Setae along margins of anogenital fold not visible, but a setal socket present at end of each apodeme. Eyespots each approximately round, located on dorsum away from margin; maximum width of each about 20 μm. Margin. Margin not crenulated. Marginal setae all short, each about 8 ‒ 10 μm long but with 1 or 2 on outer margins of each cleft up to 14 μm long; finely setose, mostly slightly bent, possibly set slightly onto dorsum; with (not counting those on cleft margin) 6 on margin between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 1 between stigmatic clefts and 6 or 7 on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, with outer margins of cleft almost touching; inner part of cleft quite broad but short, with inner margin strongly sclerotised, each with 3 stigmatic spines; length of lateral spines 20 ‒ 33 μm long, medial spines usually obviously shorter, each 18 ‒ 26 μm long; lateral spines often extending out to margin. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores absent. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 2 μm wide, mostly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin; with 10 ‒ 17 in each band, usually with slightly more in anterior band than in posterior band. Ventral microducts present but distribution uncertain. Ventral tubular ducts absent. Ventral setae very scarce and short, perhaps 2 μm long; submarginal setae set very close to margin; both specimens with a long seta near antenna, each about 13 μm long; long setae in abdominal segment VII each about 35 ‒ 41 μm long. Antennae reduced, segmentation obscure but with pseudo-articulations suggesting 6 or 7 segments; with 2 setae on scape, 2 setae on pedicel and 2 setae on segment III, plus 4 or 5 fleshy setae and 3 or 4 setose setae on apical 3 segments (not all setae present on all antennae); total antennal length 60 ‒ 63 μm. Clypeolabral shield about 110 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 17 ‒ 20 μm. Legs reduced to short triangular structures, each with base 28 ‒ 30 μm wide and length / height 20 ‒ 25 μm, each with pseudo-articulations suggesting fusion of about 4 basal ‘ segments’, many with small setae; each leg with 2 tarsal digitules each about 7 ‒ 8 μm long, a minute claw on apex and 2 claw digitules (sometimes hard to see), each about 3 ‒ 4 μm long.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	discussion	Comments. Second-instar male nymphs of P. vanda differ from the second-instar females in being much smaller, and in having (character-state in second-instar female in brackets): (i) only 3 stigmatic spines in each cleft (usually 4 or 5); (iii) two types of tubular ducts on the dorsum (absent), and (iv) in possessing legs (absent). In addition, the second-instar male appears to have 7 - segmented antennae whereas the second-instar female appears to have only 6 - segmented antennae, although the segmentation on both is rather obscure. Miller & Williams (1997) described the suture configuration on the tests of a range of second-instar male tests of many Coccidae. The sutures on the tests of second-instar male nymphal Coccidae have the same layout as the distribution of the dorsal tubular ducts on the dorsum of the second-instar nymphs. The only male test in Miller & Williams that has the same distribution of dorsal tubular ducts as found on P. vanda was that of P. asymmetricum!	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF35FF824AE48EF65AEF7C17.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species epithet, vanda, is a noun in apposition; it is named after the orchid host plant genus, Vanda Jones ex R. Br.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF3BFF844AE488E758F779D3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined PHILIPPINES: Holotype: 1 slide with 1 adult female: left label: Platylecanium / watsoniae / Hodgson / holotype ♀ / J. Dooley coll.; right label: Orchid / Philippines / 09 / 13 / [19] 79 / COI LI SW / PM / CF 009442 / Euparol (1 / 1 adf, fairly good) (USNM).	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF3BFF844AE488E758F779D3.taxon	description	Unmounted material. Unknown. Slide-mounted adult female (Fig. 18). Body oval and symmetrical, length 3.8 mm, width 2.3 mm; anal cleft about 1 / 7 th of body length. Dorsum. Derm lightly sclerotised throughout, with little sign of heavier sclerotisation apart from a little around each eyespot and heavy sclerotisation in each stigmatic cleft. With a complete broad submarginal band of areolations, each areolation quite large and roundish. Reticulation plates probably in 4 longitudinal bands on each side but reticulation lines indistinct; marginal reticulation points reasonably clear, with 13 on head between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 4 between stigmatic clefts and 12 or 13 on abdomen (latter including line close to anal cleft, often difficult to distinguish). Unsclerotised ray arising from each stigmatic cleft distinct, extending medially to dorsad to each spiracle or even a little further medially. Dorsal setae each 8 ‒ 9 μm long (shorter than a marginal seta), robustly setose, mostly distinctly curved; socket about 5 μm wide (larger than that of a marginal seta), with only a few setae raised on a distinct fleshy base; restricted to within reticulation lines and setae most abundant nearer margin, becoming distinctly scarce medially. Clear areas as in diagnosis, but with 5 pairs on abdomen and an extra pair medially at inner end of each anterior unsclerotised ray; clear areas CA 2 - CA 4 each surrounded by a group of preopercular pores, each 2.5 ‒ 3.5 μm wide with a granulate surface and a distinct border; distributed as follows: (anteriormost) CA 1, 0; CA 2, 4; CA 3, 7 or 8; CA 4, 12 or 13, and CA 5, 0. Dorsal microducts minute, each about 1 μm wide, located in an unsclerotised area of derm within reticulation lines. Anal plates together longer than broad, 150 ‒ 153 μm long, combined width about 118 μm; each plate with anterior margin clearly shorter than posterior margin, with a rather pointed apex and with 4 setae near apex, each 5 ‒ 8 μm long, distributed as in diagnosis; one plate with a small pore medially; posterior margin slightly wavy and sclerotised; inner margin with a broad area of thickening on underside of each plate. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of short fine setae on anterior margin, 2 pairs of fine setae in middle of each lateral margin and 1 short seta at posterior end of each apodeme, all setae only indicated by basal sockets. Apodemes simple, not fused anteriorly. Eyespots each more-or-less round, located on dorsum away from margin; maximum width of each lens about 30 μm. Margin. Margin distinctly crenulated. Marginal setae longer than dorsal setae, setose but perhaps with a blunt apex, 12 ‒ 14 μm long, with basal socket distinctly smaller than that of a dorsal seta; with mainly 2 (occasionally only 1) setae approximately associated with each marginal reticulation point, with 32 setae between anterior stigmatic clefts and, on each side, 11 or 12 between stigmatic clefts, 25 ‒ 28 on abdomen, plus 0 ‒ 3 on outer margins of each cleft. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with outer margins nearly touching; inner part of cleft quite broad with margin strongly sclerotised; with 3 or 4 stigmatic spines, median spine longest, each 43 ‒ 50 μm long, not extending out to margin, lateral spines each 28 ‒ 33 µm long. Anal cleft with margins touching. Venter. Multilocular disc-pores each 5 ‒ 7 μm wide, mostly with 10 loculi, frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only; with, on each side of segment, 1 ‒ 19 on VII and 22 ‒ 24 on VI. Spiracular disc-pores, each about 3.0 μm wide with 5 or 6 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin; with 18 ‒ 21 in each band. Ventral microducts minute, each about 1 µm wide, possibly sparsely distributed throughout. Ventral setae: inter-antennal setae probably absent; preanal setae on abdominal segments VII rather robust, each about 30 ‒ 43 μm long; those on segment VI missing; setae sparse elsewhere but smaller submedially that medially. Antennae very reduced, with a suggestion of a scape, otherwise segmentation obscure; setae restricted to apical half; total antennal length about 40 μm. Clypeolabral shield about 120 μm long. Spiracles small, width of each peritreme 26 ‒ 30 μm. Legs minute, each more-or-less reduced to a claw, only visible on one side on some segments; claws each 7 ‒ 10 μm long; digitules not visible.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF3BFF844AE488E758F779D3.taxon	discussion	Comments. Although there is only one specimen of this species, P. watsoniae sp. nov. is distinctive, and is characterised by the following character-states: (i) margin crenulated; (ii) dorsal setae shorter than marginal setae but with broader basal sockets; (iii) preopercular pores associated with clear areas CA 2 - CA 4 only; (iv) preopercular pores easily distinguishable from other dorsal pores; (v) with 5 pairs of clear areas on abdomen; (vi) with an additional clear area at inner end of anterior unsclerotised ray; (vii) anal plates longer than broad; (viii) anal plates without a deep cleft underneath each inner margin; (ix) each inner margin of anal plates with a broad area of thickening; (xii) antennae very short, and (x) legs, when visible, reduced to just claws without digitules. Platylecanium watsoniae is somewhat similar to P. sarawakense, described above, in having the inner margin of each anal plate with a broad area of thickening on underside of each plate and anal plates that are longer than their combined widths and each plate with a rather pointed apex, but P. watsoniae differs in having: (i) 5 pairs of clear areas dorsally on the abdomen, plus an additional clear area at inner end of anterior unsclerotised ray, and (ii) much smaller anal plates, each 150 ‒ 153 μm long and about 118 μm combined width (compared with 176 ‒ 244 μm long and 134 ‒ 164 μm combined width on P. sarawakense). In addition, these two species have been recorded from very different hosts: P. watsoniae on Orchidaceae and P. sarawakense on Piperaceae. The presence of the additional clear area near the inner end of each unsclerotised ray in P. watsoniae is unique within Platylecanium but is also found in several species of Discochiton and Paralecanium. Two other Platylecanium species are known only from intercepted specimens on Orchidaceae, namely P. vanda and P. coelogyne, both described as new above. Platylecanium watsoniae differs significantly from P. vanda in having: (i) a crenulated margin; (ii) only 3 stigmatic spines in each stigmatic cleft, and (iii) in having many marginal setae (more than 45 on each side); in contrast, P. vanda has an uncrenulated margin, up to 7 stigmatic spines in each cleft and very few marginal setae (about 10 per side). Platylecanium watsoniae differs from P. coelogyne in having a crenulated margin and very reduced antennae (whereas P. coelogyne has an uncrenulated margin and the antennae are well developed). Platylecanium watsoniae is currently only known from this single specimen, intercepted at San Francisco on Orchidaceae from the Philippines.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
03F287E1AF3BFF844AE488E758F779D3.taxon	etymology	Name derivation. The species is named after Dr Gillian W. Watson, current scale insect subject editor for Zootaxa, who has contributed greatly to our understanding of this group.	en	Hodgson, Chris (2025): Revision of the soft scale genus Platylecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 5646 (2): 151-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.2.1
