identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EB87D8FFF09C7E56FFFD46FECFFD0E.text	03EB87D8FFF09C7E56FFFD46FECFFD0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthoplectrini Markl 1954	<div><p>Tribe Acanthoplectrini Markl, 1954</p><p>Genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910</p><p>Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910: 285 . Type species: Acanthaclisis moiwana Okamoto, 1905 (as “ Acanthaclisis moiwasana ”, sic in Matsumura 1908: 40; as “ Epacanthaclisis moiwasana ”, sic in Okamoto 1910: 285, Esben-Petersen 1935: 234, Banks 1941: 2), by original designation.</p><p>Botuleon Yang, 1986: 431 . Type species: Botuleon maculosus Yang, 1986, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Eye as wide as frons. Pronotum as long as wide. Legs robust, with dense setae; length of femur and tibia as long as head plus thorax; fore femur ventrally with a long sense hair; pretarsal claw 2/3 times as long as tarsomere 5. Mesopleuron without Miller’s organ. Wings scattered some markings, anterior Banksian line sometimes present (absent in some species of the E. continentalis group). Forewing costal crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing mostly with two presectoral crossveins ( E. maculata and some individuals of the E. tuyuezhengi group with only one presectoral crossvein); male pilula axillaris present. Abdomen with distinct sexual dimorphism. Female abdomen dark brown to black, unspecialized. Males specialized abdomen tends to different in shape, color, and markings from that of females; abdominal segments 4–5 swollen, covered with specialized tuft of bristles and tiny gland pores (Figs. 2, 18, 22, 38, 49); intersegmental membrane between segments 8 and 9 elongate, generally longer than wide, normally folded. Male gonocoxites 9 various in different species groups; gonocoxites 11 thick-arched in the E. maculosa, E. moiwana, and E. tuyuezhengi groups, but normally short arched in the E. continentalis group; ectoproct usually expanded on lateral margin, covered with many curved stout setae. Female anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 tuberculate, posterior branches digitiform or thumb-shaped (gonocoxites 8 only single pair in E. alaica); gonapophyses 8 ribbon-shaped. 3rd instar larva: lateral body with long clavate setae. Mandible twice as long as head; first tooth present on medium part, shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; basal half with at least six interdental mandibular setae. Eye protruded. Mesothoracic setiferous processes generally digitiform. Abdominal setiferous processes tuberculate. Odontoid processes on ventral segment 8 present. Abdominal segment 9 triangular, as long as wide; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55).</p><p>Biology. The larvae are ambush hunters, and do not build pit-traps. They also often are characterized by different habitat preferences in the species. Usually, larvae dig into deep soil and debris under tree roots and among rocks.</p><p>Distribution. Afghanistan, China, India, Japan, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Epacanthaclisis is characterized by sexual dimorphism in the abdomen. The male abdomen usually has different coloration and pattern with respect to the female. Moreover, the swollen abdominal segments 4–5 in males present various interspecific specializations, e.g., the degree of swelling, the position and shape of specialized tuft of bristles, and the arrangement of gland pores. In addition, males of some species bear traces of unknown secreta along the abdominal tuft of bristles.</p><p>Krivokhatsky (1998) emphasizes that this genus is not present in the Oriental region. However, based on our research, Epacanthaclisis is widely distributed in South China, in the Himalayas, and in northern Indochina (Fig. 56), where it is even more diverse than in the Palaearctic region.</p><p>The Epacanthaclisis continentalis group</p><p>Diagnosis. Hindwing slightly shorter than forewing. Anterior Banksian line absent in E. alaica, E. continentalis, E. hamata, and E. kuldurguch . Only male abdominal segment 5 slightly swollen; male abdominal tergum 4 medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool. Male sternum 9 slightly wide, distal margin rounded; gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates in ventral view, external part (external gonocoxites 9) thick or strongly sclerotized with many tiny tubercles; gonocoxites 11 slender arched. Female gonocoxites 9 covered with slender setae, without stout setae (but present in E. continentalis).</p><p>Included species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFF09C7E56FFFD46FECFFD0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFF29C7856FFFB0CFA9BFC42.text	03EB87D8FFF29C7856FFFB0CFA9BFC42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis alaica Krivokhatsky 1998	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis alaica Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis alaica Krivokhatsky, 1998: 45 (type locality: Kyrgyzstan: Daraut-Kurghan [72°14′E; 39°35′N] (72°11′E; 39°32′N in the original information), Alay-Kette, 2800 m; holotype in ZISP). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Krivokhatsky, 2015: 804 ( Epacanthaclisis). Akhtar, 2018: 96 (misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex anteriorly with a transversal black marking, posteriorly with a triangular black marking; frons with a pair of black spots. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of partially connected longitudinal dark brown stripes, anteriorly wider; laterally with a pair of short discontinuous dark lines; lateral margin black; laterally covered with many long pale setae. Metanotum black with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots. Wings slightly narrowed, distal margin slightly pointed, forewing longer than hindwing. Forewing rhegma as a long oblique dark brown line; cubital area basally with a short oblique line. Hindwing rhegma as an indistinct short oblique dark line. Female with single pair of short digitiform gonocoxites 8; gonapophyses 8 transversal; goncoxites 9 covered with thin stout setae.</p><p>Re-description of the holotype. Head. Vertex anteriorly with a transversal black marking, posteriorly with a triangular black marking. Scape and pedicel pale yellowish-brown; each flagellomeres dark brown basally and pale yellowish-brown distally. Frons pale yellow, with a pair of black spots. Gena pale yellow, internally dark brown. Clypeus pale yellow with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus mostly pale yellow. Labial palpus pale yellowish, distal segment fusiform with a brown marking. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown (Figs. 4B–C).</p><p>Thorax. Pale yellowish-brown and dark brown. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of partially connected longitudinal dark brown stripes, anteriorly wider; laterally with a pair of short discontinuous dark lines; lateral margin black; laterally covered with many long pale setae. Mesoprescutum generally black with a pair of lateral pale yellowish-brown spots; mesonotum pale yellowish-brown and black; mesoscutellum generally black with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots. Metanotum generally black, posteriorly with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots; metascutellum black (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. Foreleg: Coxa pale yellowish-brown with two dark brown spots; femur generally pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a dark brown stripe; tibia mostly dark brown, with two pale yellowish-brown spots; tibial spur curved, reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1–2 and 5 pale, distally dark brown, tarsomeres 3–4 generally dark brown; pretarsal claws slightly curved.</p><p>Wings. Slightly narrowed, distal margin slightly pointed, mostly hyaline, with some markings. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as a long oblique dark brown line; cubital area basally with a short oblique line; three presectoral crossveins present, distal two crossveins each connected by an oblique vein; RP with 9–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing generally hyaline, rhegma as an indistinct short oblique dark line; two presectoral crossveins present (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Abdomen. Female abdomen generally black with many pale setae. Male genitalia. Unknown. Female genitalia (based on Krivokhatsky 1998). Gonocoxites 8 short digitiform, only one pair; gonapophyses 8 transversal, internally constricted. Goncoxites 9 covered with thin stout setae. Ectoproct slightly truncate on distal margin.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, KYRGYZSTAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.183334/lat 39.533333)">Daraut-Kurghan</a> [72°14′E; 39°35′N] (72°11′E; 39°32′N in the original information), Alay-Kette, 2800 m, 18.VII.1993, V &amp; A. Lukhtanov (ZISP).</p><p>Distribution. Kyrgyzstan (Osh).</p><p>Remarks. This is the only species of Epacanthaclisis with a single pair of gonocoxites 8. Despite the lack of male specimens, we still consider this species a member of the E. continentalis group based on the absence of the anterior Banksian line in the forewing, and the high similarity to E. continentalis in wing shape, markings, and the length of the fore- and hindwings.</p><p>Akhtar (2018) provided a new record from Pakistan (Ziarat, Chitral) and identified it as E. alaica . However, based on our comparison between the holotype of E. alaica (Krivokhatsky 1998) and the description and figure of the specimen from Pakistan (Akhtar 2018), we noticed remarkable differences in pronotal markings, wing shape and markings. Notably, the female specimen that Akhtar (2018) examined has two pair of gonocoxites 8, but the holotype of E. alaica has only one pair of gonocoxites 8. Moreover, E. alaica is restricted to the Pamir-Alay mountain system, while the Pakistani specimen examined in Akhtar (2018) was found at the northwestern Himalayas. Therefore, we conclude that the Pakistani specimen does not belong to E. alaica and may be an undescribed species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFF29C7856FFFB0CFA9BFC42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFF49C7A56FFFBBCFDC4FBBE.text	03EB87D8FFF49C7A56FFFBBCFDC4FBBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis continentalis Esben-Petersen 1935	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis continentalis Esben-Petersen, 1935</p><p>(Figs. 2A, 5–7, 18A)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis continetalis, Esben-Petersen, 1935: 233 (type locality: “Kataklik, Shyok Valley”; holotype in RMNH). Banks, 1942: 194 ( Epacanthaclisis). Hölzel, 1972: 10 ( Epacanthaclisis). Stange, 1976: 297 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang, 1987: 212 (records without specimen evidence). Yang, 1988: 206 (records without specimen evidence). Yang, 1992: 447 (records without specimen evidence). Krivokhatsky, 1998: 43 ( Epacanthaclisis). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 49 (misidentification of E. ningshana). Chandra &amp; Sharma 2010: 15 ( Epacanthaclisis). Liu &amp; Yang, 2018: 259 (misidentification of E. ningshana). Wang et al., 2018: 49 (misidentification of E. ningshana). Yang et al., 2018: 62 (misidentification of E. ningshana). Yang et al., 2023: 778 (misidentification of E. ningshana).</p><p>Epacanthaclisis samarkandica Krivokhatsky, 1998: 51 (type locality: Uzbekistan: Takhta-Karachar, western part of Zeravshan Mt.; holotype in ZISP). Stange, 2004: 89 ( Epacanthaclisis). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex with suffused with some dark brown markings, anterior margin mostly pale yellowish-brown. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of short dark lines; lateral margin black. Mesoprescutum dark brown, laterally pale yellowish-brown. Wings apically pointed. Forewing rhegma as an oblique slender pale brownish stripe; markings on cubital area indistinct. Male abdomen mostly dark brown; tergum 4 anterior and posterior margins generally pale yellow; tergum 5 anteriorly pale yellow. The thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 nearly as wide as the internal part; gonocoxites 9 protruded in lateral view; gonostyli 11 slender in caudal view. Male ectoproct barely expanded, rounded in lateral view. Female gonocoxites 9 covered with curved stout setae.</p><p>Re-description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.89–4.03 mm; forewing length: 38.56–39.12 mm; hindwing length: 36.75–37.02 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex with suffused with some dark brown markings, anterior margin mostly pale yellowish-brown (Figs. 6C, 7). Scape and pedicel generally yellowish-brown; non-swollen flagellomeres each basally with a brown circular marking; swollen flagellum with an irregular dark brown marking. Frons dark brown (Fig. 6B). Clypeus yellowish-brown, covered with some dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellow, each segments externally with a pale brownish marking. Labial palpus generally brown; distal segment fusiform and with an indistinct yellowish-brown marking. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of short dark lines; lateral margin black; lateral margin covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum dark brown, laterally pale yellowish-brown; mesonotum generally black, medially with a pair of V-shaped pale yellowish-brown markings; markings of mesoscutellum various, generally pale yellowish-brown to dark brown. Metanotum generally black; metascutellum generally black (Figs. 6C, 7). Pleurae dark brown and pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with a distinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomeres 1 and 5 generally pale with distally dark brown; tarsomeres 2–4 generally dark; tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally dark brown; tibia dark brown, with two pale yellowish-brown markings; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, basally with a dark brown marking, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 6A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, elongated. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a brown spot proximad pterostigma; rhegma as an indistinct oblique slender pale brownish stripe; markings on cubital area indistinct; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present; RP with seven to nine branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma absent; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 5, 6A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen mostly dark brown; tergum 4 anterior and posterior margins generally pale yellow, posteriorly with three short dark brown stripes, medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool (Fig. 18A); tergum 5 slightly swollen (probably the condition of specimen), anteriorly pale yellow (Fig. 2A). Female abdomen dark brown. Male genitalia. Sternum 9 nearly pentagonal in ventral view, distal part covered with some long setae (Fig. 6E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates ventral view, protruded in lateral view; thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 concave in anteroventral view. Gonocoxites 11 widely arched; gonostyli 11 slender in caudal view (Figs. 6H–L). Ectoproct barely expanded, semicircular in lateral view, ventradistal part with some stout curved setae (Figs. 6D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with some setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide digitiform, curved; gonapophyses 8 as transversal widely bands. Gonocoxites 9 covered with curved stout setae. Ectoproct narrow, distal margin slightly rounded in lateral view (Figs. 6F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, “ Kataklik, Shyok Valley ”, 4150 m, 30.VI.1930, Nederlandsche Karakorum- Expeditie, J. A. Sillem / ZMA. INS. 5136946” (RMNH) . Holotype of Epacanthaclisis samarkandica Krivokhatsky, 1998, ♂, UZBEKISTAN: “Takhta-Karachar” = Takhtakoracha, W part of Zeravshan Mt., S of Samarkand, 3– 7.VII.1896, Verygin (ZISP) .</p><p>Additional material examined. 1♂, AFGHANISTAN: Salang-Pass, N-Seite (Khinjan), 2100 m, 5–11.VII.1966 (NHMW) . 1♀, same locality as above, 9.VII.1969 (NHMW) . 2♀, PAKISTAN: Swat, Madyan, 1400 m, 19.VI– 4.VII.1971, E. Vartian (HUAC) .</p><p>Distribution. Afghanistan (Baghlan); India; Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa); Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Sughd, Vahdat); Uzbekistan (Qashqadaryo).</p><p>Remarks. Krivokhatsky (1998) described E. samarkandica from Uzbekistan, which is very similar to E. continentalis, only differing in minor details such as smaller size and shorter tarsi. However, based on our morphological comparison of the type specimens of both species, and additional especimens, these differences represent individual variation. Furthermore, E. samarkandica and E. continentalis differ little in body markings (Fig. 7), wing shape, and wing spots (Fig. 5). Therefore, we consider E. samarkandica syn. nov. as a junior synonym of E. continentalis .</p><p>This species has been recorded several times in China (Yang 1987, 1988, 1992; Ao et al. 2010; Liu &amp; Yang 2018; Wang et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2018, 2023), but based on our examination, we found all Chinese specimens that were identified as this species are misidentification of E. ningshana (see remarks for E. ningshana). At present, there are no precise distribution records of this species in China. Epacanthaclisis continentalis appears to be endemic to the northern Himalayas to Hindu Kush.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFF49C7A56FFFBBCFDC4FBBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFF69C6656FFFB20FD99FB4E.text	03EB87D8FFF69C6656FFFB20FD99FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis darman Zheng, Badano, U. Aspock, H. Aspock & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis darman Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1G, 2B, 3A, 8, 18B)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes, the stripes anteriorly broad; laterally with a pair of short dark lines; lateral margin dark brown; pale yellowish-brown parts narrowed. Mesoscutellum dark brown, medially with a pale yellowish-brown stripe. Forewing rhegma as two short brown spots. Male abdominal tergum 4 mediolaterally with a pair of brown markings, posteriorly with three longitudinal brown stripes; tergum 5 mostly brown, anteriorly pale. The thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 twice as wide as the internal part; gonocoxites 11 slender arched, gonostyli 11 subtriangular in caudal view. Male ectoproct slightly expanded, rounded in lateral view.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.01–3.08 mm; forewing length: 34.28–34.45 mm; hindwing length: 33.88–33.94 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex mostly dark brown, anteriorly with a pair of pale brownish spots (Fig. 8C). Scape pale brown; pedicel dark brown; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons with a concave black marking (Fig. 8B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown with a pair of dark dots. Labrum pale brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellowish-brown. Labial palpus pale yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale yellowish-brown and dark brown. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes, the stripes anteriorly broad; laterally with a pair of short dark lines; lateral margin dark brown; pale yellowish-brown parts narrowed; lateral margin covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum dark brown with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots; mesonotum medially dark brown, laterally pale yellowish-brown with a pair of longitudinal dark lines, lateral margin dark; mesoscutellum dark brown, medially with a pale yellowish-brown stripe. Metanotum mostly dark brown (Fig. 8C). Pleurae generally pale yellowish-brown, with dark brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with a distinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 1 generally pale; tarsomeres 2–5 generally dark; tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with two dark brown markings; tibia pale yellowish-brown, medially with a dark brown marking, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellowish-brown, basally with a dark brown marking, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 8A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with markings. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with an indistinct dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as two short brown spots; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells biloculate; RP with 10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as an indistinct brownish spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 3A, 8A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male tergum 1 pale yellow, posteriorly with a black marking; tergum 2 pale yellow, anterolaterally with a pair of oblique dark markings, posteriorly with a dark brown spot; terga 3–4 pale yellow, each mediolaterally with a pair of dark brown markings and posteriorly with three longitudinal brown stripes; tergum 4 medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool; tergum 5 swollen, mostly dark brown, anteriorly pale; terga 6–8 each dark brown, anteriorly pale yellow (Figs. 2B, 18B). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 subtriangular in ventral view, constricted on distal part, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 8E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates in caudal view, rounded in lateral view; thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 twice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 as trapezoid. Gonocoxites 11 arched; gonostyli 11 subtriangular in caudal view (Figs. 8F–J). Ectoproct slightly expanded, rounded in lateral view, distal margin covered with many curved stout setae (Figs. 8D–E). Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Xizang, Shigatse, Gyirong County [吉Nj县], Gyirong Town, 2400 m, 26.VI.2019, Chao Wu (IZCAS) . Paratype ♂, same information as holotype (CAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Xizang).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet darman refers to the Darman people, an ethnicity currently living near the type locality (Gyirong) of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFF69C6656FFFB20FD99FB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFEA9C6156FFFAB0FCCEFC6C.text	03EB87D8FFEA9C6156FFFAB0FCCEFC6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis hamata Krivokhatsky 1998	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis hamata Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 2C, 9, 10, 18C)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis hamata Krivokhatsky, 1998: 49 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Aksu River (Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve), Kara-Alma, Tallas Alatoo Mt.; holotype in ZISP). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex pale brown, anteriorly with a pair of dark spots. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, anteriorly with a pair of curved transversal dark brown bands, medially with a pair of longitudinal short dark brown stripes, posterolaterally with a pair of indistinct short longitudinal dark brown stripes, and lateral margin with a pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes. Wings generally hyaline. Male abdominal terga 3–5 each medially with a longitudinal dark brown marking, anterolaterally with a pair of dark brown stripes. The strongly sclerotized part of male external gonocoxites 9 as wide as the internal part; gonocoxites 9 protruded in lateral view; gonostyli 11 pointed in ventral view, slender triangular in caudal view. Male ectoproct barely expanded, distal margin truncated in lateral view.</p><p>Re-description of the holotype. Size. Head width: 2.54 mm; forewing length: 33.22 mm; hindwing length: 30.68 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex pale brown, anteriorly with a pair of dark spots.A black marking present on the insertion of antenna and anterior frons (Fig. 10C). Scape and pedicel pale brown; flagellum generally brown, gradually darkening on distal part. Frons anteriorly with a concave dark marking (Fig. 10B). Clypeus and Labrum generally pale yellowish-brown. Maxillary and labial palpi generally pale yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale yellowish-brown and dark brown, covered with many pale setae. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, anteriorly with a pair of curved transversal dark brown bands, medially with a pair of longitudinal short dark brown stripes, posterolaterally with a pair of indistinct short longitudinal dark brown stripes, and lateral margin with a pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes; lateral margin covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum dark brown, with a pair of pale yellowish-brown markings; mesonotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of slender lines, laterally with a pair of dark brown markings; mesoscutellum pale yellow, anteriorly dark brown in some individuals. Metanotum generally dark brown, posteriorly pale yellowish-brown; metascutellum yellowish-brown, with four dark brown spots (Fig. 10C). Pleurae generally pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellow each with a distinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 1–4 generally pale; tarsomere 5 pale with distally dark, as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellow, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, medially with a dark brown marking, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur generally pale yellow, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching mid of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 10A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing rhegma and marking on cubital area indistinct; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to seven presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with eight branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma indistinct; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 9, 10A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male tergum 1 generally pale yellowish-brown, with dark markings; tergum 2 generally dark brown; terga 3–5 each medially with a longitudinal dark brown marking, anterolaterally with a pair of dark brown stripes; tergum 4 medially a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, anterolaterally with a pair of dark brown stripes; tergum 5 slightly swollen; tergum 6 pale yellowish-brown and dark brown medially (Figs. 2C, 18C). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 fusiform in ventral view (Fig. 10E). External gonocoxites 9 as long as internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 as wide trapezoid. Gonocoxites 11 arched; gonostyli 11 pointed in ventral view, subtriangular in caudal view (Figs. 10F–J). Ectoproct truncated on distal margin in lateral view, with stout curved setae (Figs. 10D–E). Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, KAZAKHSTAN: Aksu River ( Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve), Kara-Alma, Tallas Alatoo Mt., 19.VIII.1935, Shulgin (ZISP).</p><p>Additional material examined. 1♂, KYRGYZSTAN: Talas, Kara-Bura District, 1600–1700m, 17–18.VII.2000, Horst Aspöck &amp; Ulrike Aspöck (HUAC) .</p><p>Distribution. Kazakhstan (Turkistan), Kyrgyzstan (Talas).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFEA9C6156FFFAB0FCCEFC6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFED9C6356FFFB8BFB90FE5A.text	03EB87D8FFED9C6356FFFB8BFB90FE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis kuldurguch Krivokhatsky 1998	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis kuldurguch Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 11)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis hamata Krivokhatsky, 1998: 44 (type locality: Tajikistan: Magian, S from Pendzhikent, W Hissar Mt; holotype in ZISP). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Vertex pale yellow, medially dark brown. Pronotum pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of black spots, posteriorly with a pair of closed black markings, laterally with two pairs of longitudinal black stripes. Mesoscutellum pale yellow, anteriorly black. Wings mostly hyaline; pterostigma yellowish-brown.</p><p>Re-description of holotype. Head. Vertex pale yellow, medially dark brown (Fig. 11B). Scape yellowish-brown, internally with a dark brown marking; pedicel basally dark brown, distally yellowish-brown. Flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally yellowish-brown. Frons generally dark brown, posteriorly pale yellow (Fig. 11C). Clypeus pale yellow, covered with both dark and pale setae. Labrum pale yellow. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellow. Labial palpus pale yellow, distal segment fusiform. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale yellow with many long pale setae. Pronotum pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of black spots, posteriorly with a pair of closed black markings, laterally with two pairs of longitudinal black stripes. Mesoprescutum generally black; mesonotum pale yellow with a large M-shaped black marking; mesoscutellum pale yellow, anteriorly black. Metanotum black, with pale yellowish markings; metascutellum pale yellow, anteriorly black (Fig. 11B).</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsi each pale yellow with distally brown or dark brown. Foreleg: Femur yellowish-brown, basally and distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, basally and distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur yellowish-brown, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, basally brown, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 2.</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Pterostigma yellowish-brown. Forewing costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present; RP with seven branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing with two presectoral crossveins (Fig. 11A).</p><p>Abdomen. Female abdomen generally dark brown. Male genitalia. Unknown. Female genitalia (based on Krivokhatsky 1998). Pregenital plate tiny. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 digitiform, distally narrow; gonapophyses 8 transversal ribbon-like. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short setae.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, TAJIKISTAN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=67.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 67.666664/lat 39.283333)">Mogyion</a> [Magian; 67°40′E; 39°17′N], S from Pendzhikent, W Hissar Mt., 1800 m, 9–10.VII.1994, V.A. Lukhtanov (ZISP).</p><p>Distribution. Tajikistan (Sughd).</p><p>Remarks. Despite the male of this species is unknown, we can still determine that it belongs to the E. continetalis group by the forewing longer than hindwing and the absence of Banksian line.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFED9C6356FFFB8BFB90FE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFEF9C6E56FFFD84FD93FCD6.text	03EB87D8FFEF9C6E56FFFD84FD93FCD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis liuyingqiae Zheng, Badano, U. Aspock, H. Aspock & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis liuyingqiae Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2D, 3C–D, 12, 18D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Pronotum dark brown, laterally with a pair of wide pale yellowish-brown stripes, a pair of indistinct short dark brown lines present on the pale yellowish-brown stripes. Mesoscutellum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of wide dark brown stripes. Tergum 3 medially with a longitudinal long dark brown stripe, posterolaterally with a pair of short dark brown stripes; tergum 4 posteriorly with three short dark brown stripes; tergum 5 medially with a longitudinal long dark brown stripe, laterally with four pair of dark brown stripes. The strongly sclerotized part of male external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; gonocoxites 11 widely arched; gonostyli 11 trapezoid in caudal view. Male ectoproct semicircular in lateral view.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.98–3.04 mm; forewing length: 33.32–36.35 mm; hindwing length: 32.53–36.97 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown (Fig. 12C). Scape and pedicel each yellowish-brown, internally with a dark brown spot; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons pale yellowish-brown, anterior dark part concave medially, medially with an indistinct transversal dark brown band (Fig. 12B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown, covered with both dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment medially with a dark brown marking. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and generally dark brown, distal part yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Dark brown with pale yellowish-brown markings. Pronotum dark brown, laterally with a pair of wide pale yellowish-brown stripes, a pair of indistinct short dark brown lines present on the pale yellowish-brown stripes; lateral margin covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown; mesonotum dark brown and pale yellowish-brown; mesoscutellum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of wide dark brown stripes. Mesonotum generally dark brown (Fig. 12B). Pleurae generally dark brown, with pale yellowish-brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with a distinct dark spot; femora generally dark brown dorsally and pale yellow ventrally; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: tibia generally dark brown and black, basally and medially with pale yellow markings; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; tarsi generally black. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: tibia pale yellow, mediobasally with a dark brown spot, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1 and 5 pale yellow on basal half, black on distal half; tarsomere 2–4 generally black; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 12A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with markings. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as a short oblique dark brown stripe and a dark brown dot, sometimes fused as a curved stripe; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 9–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, align at CuA fork; posterodistal margin slightly concave. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 3C–D, 12A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male terga 1–2 each dark brown, with a pair of pale yellow markings; tergum 3 medially with a longitudinal long dark brown stripe, posterolaterally with a pair of short dark brown stripes; tergum 4 posteriorly with three short dark brown stripes, medially with a pair of short, stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool; tergum 5 swollen, medially with a longitudinal long dark brown stripe, laterally with four pair of dark brown stripes; terga 6–8 generally pale yellowish-brown, with brown stripes (Figs. 2D, 18D). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 almost rhomboidal in ventral view, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 12E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates ventral view; thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 concave in anteroventral view. Gonocoxites 11 widely arched; gonostyli 11 trapezoid in caudal view (Figs. 12H–L). Ectoproct semicircular in lateral view, ventradistal part with stout curved setae (Figs. 12D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide digitiform; gonapophyses 8 as widely bands. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short setae. Ectoproct narrow, distal margin slightly rounded in lateral view (Figs. 12F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Xizang, Nyingchi, Medog County [墨Ễ县], 80 K (= 80 km point of road from Bome County to Medog County), 2062 m, 6.VIII.2023, Yingqi Liu (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 1♂, CHINA: Xizang, Nyingchi, Medog County, Hanmi [ȗẑ], 2200 m, VIII.2005, Hao Huang (CAU) ; 1♀, CHINA: Xizang, Nyingchi, Bome County [áẑ县], Yiong Township [ÞǨ乡], 2230 m, 11.VII.2017 (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Xizang).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the reduviid researcher, Dr. Yingqi Liu (刘ȁề), who collected the holotype of this new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFEF9C6E56FFFD84FD93FCD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFE29C6F56FFFC08FDB1FD0E.text	03EB87D8FFE29C6F56FFFC08FDB1FD0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis victor Badano, Zheng & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis victor Badano, Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2E, 3B, 13, 18E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex dark brown with suffused darker markings, anterior margin brown. Pronotum dark brown, with a median faded pale stripe; laterally with a pair of pale stripes; lateral margin black. Mesoprescutum dark brown. Wings apically pointed. Forewing rhegma as a brown stripe; markings on cubital area brown. Male abdomen mostly light brown; tergum 4 anterior and posterior margins generally pale brown; tergum 5 anteriorly paler anteriorly (Fig. 13A). Thicker external part of male gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as internal part; gonocoxites 9 protruded in lateral view, concave; gonostyli 11 slender in caudal view. Male ectoproct not expanded, rounded in lateral view.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.05 mm; forewing length: 32.5 mm; hindwing length: 30.3 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex dark brown with suffused paler areas, anterior margin black (Figs. 13C). Scape and pedicel ventrally light brown, darker dorsally; flagellomeres dark brown, paler near torulus. Frons black with a median subtriangular brown marking (Fig. 13B). Clypeus yellowish-brown, covered with dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus light brown, each segment externally with a pale brownish marking. Labial palpus light brown; distal segment fusiform and darker. Mandibles yellowish-brown darker apically.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum dark brown, with median paler stripe; laterally with a pair of short paler lines; lateral margin paler, with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum blackish; mesonotum blackish. Metanotum and metascutellum black, sclerite margins slightly paler (Figs. 13C, 7). Pleurae dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Densely covered with pale and dark setae. Coxae pale yellowish-brown. Tibial spurs brown, barely curved. All tarsomeres blackish; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally dark brown; tibia dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Midleg: similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur pale brown at base, distally dark brown; tibia dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 13A).</p><p>Wings. Membrane largely hyaline, elongate. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale, proximally darker. Rhegma as short indistinct oblique brownish stripe; markings on cubital area indistinct; most crossveins of costal area connected by oblique veinlets, except basal ones; presectoral area with ca. five crossveins, of which the proximal ones connected by oblique veinlets; RP with ten branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, aligned at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma absent; presectoral area with two crossveins (Figs. 3, 13A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen mostly brown; tergum 4 anterior and posterior margins pale yellow, medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles (Fig. 18E); tergum 5 not swollen (probably the condition of specimen), anteriorly pale yellow (Fig. 2E). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 triangular in ventral view, distal part with long setae (Fig. 13E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates in ventral view, laterally prominent; thicker part of male external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 posteriorly concave. Gonocoxites 11 arched; gonostyli 11 slender in caudal view (Figs. 13H–L). Ectoproct rounded in lateral view, ventrodistally with long setae (Figs. 13D–E).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Xizang, Shigatse, Dinggye County [ḮÜ县], Zhentang Town [Ḝ塘县], VIII.2013 (MSNG).</p><p>Distribution. China (Xizang).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named after the late antlion specialist Viktor Krivokhatsky, author of the first taxonomic revision of the genus Epacanthaclisis (Krivokhatsky, 1998) . The specific epithet, a noun, has a slightly altered spelling to respect the double meaning of word, i.e., “victorious” in Latin.</p><p>Remarks. E. victor sp. nov. differs from the other members of the E. continentalis group in the pronotum dark with faint paler markings not reaching anterior and lateral margin and the wide gonocoxites 9. Whose external part is thrice as wide as the internal one.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFE29C6F56FFFC08FDB1FD0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFE39C6956FFFD70FDB4FC9E.text	03EB87D8FFE39C6956FFFD70FDB4FC9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis zhiweii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspock, H. Aspock & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis zhiweii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2F, 3E–F, 14, 18F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex generally dark brown, marginal and medial parts pair yellowish-brown. Pronotum medially generally dark brown, anterolaterally with a pair of curved pale yellowish-brown markings, posterolaterally with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots. Male terga 3–5 each medially with a longitudinal dark brown marking. The thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 rounded in ventral view, 3.5 times as wide as the internal part; gonostyli 11 narrowed fusiform. Male ectoproct trapezoid in lateral view, rounded on distal margin.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.90–3.01 mm; forewing length: 33.14–35.28 mm; hindwing length: 32.22–34.34 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown, marginal and medial parts yellowish-brown (Fig. 14C). Scape and pedicel each yellowish-brown, internally with a dark brown spot; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons pale yellowish-brown, anterior dark part concave medially, lateral margin with a pair of black spots (Fig. 14B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown, covered with dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally yellowish-brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform with a brown marking. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum medially generally dark brown, anterolaterally with a pair of curved pale yellowish-brown markings, posterolaterally with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spot; laterally covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown, lateral margin with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots and medially with a slender line; mesonotum generally dark brown, medially with a slender rectangular circular stripe; mesoscutellum dark brown, posteriorly pale yellowish-brown. Metanotum generally dark brown (Fig. 14C). Pleurae generally dark brown, with some pale yellowish-brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with an indistinct dark spot; femora pale yellow on basal half, dark brown on distal half; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomeres 1–2 generally pale yellow; tarsomeres 3–4 generally dark brown; tarsomeres 5 pale yellow, distally dark brown, as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: tibia dark brown, basally and medially with pale yellow markings; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: tibia pale yellow, basally with a dark brown spot, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 14A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with markings. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with an indistinct brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as a short oblique dark brown stripe and a dark brown dot, sometimes fused as a stripe; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to seven presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 9–10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork; posterodistal margin slightly concave. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown dot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 2E–F, 14A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown; terga 3–5 each medially with a longitudinal dark brown marking; tergum 4 medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool; tergum 5 swollen; tergum 6 anteriorly pale, other part generally dark brown; terga 7–8 generally dark brown (Figs. 2E, 18E). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 subtriangular in ventral view, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 14E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates ventral view; the thick part of male external gonocoxites 9 rounded in ventral view, 3.5 times as wide as the internal part; external gonocoxites 9 rounded in caudal view; internal gonocoxites 9 appearing as narrowed trapezoid in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 arched; gonostyli 11 narrowed fusiform in caudal view (Figs. 14H–L). Ectoproct trapezoid in lateral view, rounded on distal margin, ventradistal part with stout curved setae (Figs. 14D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide digitiform; gonapophyses 8 as widely separated bands. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short setae. Ectoproct rounded in lateral view (Figs. 14F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Diqing, Deqen County [DZứ县], Yanmen Township [ŖLJ 乡], Tsizhong Village [Ă中ť], near Tsizhong hydropower station, 2000 m, 15.VII.2022, Zhiwei Dong (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 1♀, same information as holotype (CAU); 1♀, same information as holotype (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is dedicated to the firefly ( Lampyridae) researcher Mr. Zhiwei Dong (ḁĉdz), who collected the types specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFE39C6956FFFD70FDB4FC9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFE59C5756FFFCC0FECFFE26.text	03EB87D8FFE59C5756FFFCC0FECFFE26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis zuqii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspock, H. Aspock & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis zuqii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1H, 2G, 3G–H, 15, 16, 17, 18G, 53A–B, 54 A–B, 55A)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Pronotum mostly dark brown, medially with five yellowish spots, posteromedially with a longitudinal yellowish line fused with the anteromedial yellowish spots, laterally with a pair of yellowish stripes. Forewing posterodistal margin slightly concave. Terga 4–6 generally brown, with pale yellowish-brown markings. Male gonocoxites 9 truncate in caudal view; gonostyli 11 narrowed trapezoid. Male ectoproct not expanded, invaginated in ventral view, distal margin nearly truncate. 3rd instar larva. Head anteriorly with a pair of transversal short black spots, posteriorly with a pair of dark brown markings, and with scattered dots in dorsal view. Dorsal abdomen generally reddish brown and yellowish-brown, with many markings and dots.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.94–3.06 mm; forewing length: 33.12–36.56 mm; hindwing length: 32.49–35.85 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex mostly dark brown (Fig. 15C). Scape yellow; pedicel yellow, internally with a dark brown spot; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons with anterior dark part concave medially, laterally with a pair of longitudinal slender black lines (Fig. 15B). Clypeus yellow, covered with dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally dark brown. Labial palpus generally brown; distal segment fusiform and generally dark brown, distal part yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Dark brown with yellow markings. Pronotum mostly dark brown, medially with five yellowish spots, posteromedially with a longitudinal yellowish line fused with the anteromedial yellowish spots, laterally with a pair of yellowish stripes; lateral margin covered with many pale hairs. Mesoprescutum dark brown, laterally with a pair of small yellow spots; mesonotum dark brown, posterolaterally with yellow markings; mesoscutellum dark brown, posteriorly generally yellow. Metanotum generally dark brown (Fig. 15C). Pleurae generally yellow and pale yellowish-brown, with dark brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with a distinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a dark brown marking; tibia dark brown, basally and medially with pale yellowish-brown spots; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomeres generally black. Midleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a dark brown marking; tibia dark brown, basally and medially with pale yellowish-brown spots; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1–2 and 5 basally brown, distally black; tarsomeres 3–4 generally black. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a dark brown marking; tibia pale yellowish-brown on basal half, basally with a dark brown marking, distal half generally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 2; tarsomeres 1–2 and 5 basally brown, distally black; tarsomeres 3–4 generally black; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 15A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with markings. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing rhegma as two short brown spots, sometimes fused as a curved stripe; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 10–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork; posterodistal margin slightly concave. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 3G–H, 15A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male terga 1–2 pale yellow, each anteriorly pale yellow; tergum 3 anterior half pale yellow, posterior half dark brown; terga 4–6 generally brown, anteriorly pale yellow, posterolaterally with pale yellowish stripes; tergum 4 medially with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool; tergum 5 swollen; tergum 7 brown, anterior and posterior margin pale yellow. Female abdomen generally brown and dark brown (Figs. 2G, 18G). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 fusiform in ventral view, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 15E). Gonocoxites 9 shaped as a pair of plates and truncate in caudal view; strongly sclerotized part of male external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 as subrectangular. Gonocoxites 11 arched; gonostyli 11 narrowed trapezoid in caudal view (Figs. 15H–L). Ectoproct not expanded, invaginated in ventral view, distal margin nearly truncated in lateral view, ventradistal part with stout curved setae (Figs. 15D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered.Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with some setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide digitiform; gonapophyses 8 semicircular. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short setae. Ectoproct narrow, distal margin slightly rounded in lateral view (Figs. 15F–G).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. Size. Body length (excluding mandible): 21.88 mm; head length: 5.86 mm; head width: 5.77 mm; mandible length: 6.32 mm.</p><p>Head. Longer than wide. Clypeo-labrum generally brown, with a pair of dark brown markings; anterior margin covered with many pale dolichasters. Dorsal head pale brown, anteriorly with a pair of transversal short black spots, posteriorly with a pair of dark brown markings, and with scattered dots; lateral head with a pair of dark brown bands and a pair of dark brown spots; ventral head anteriorly with a pair of close curved black spots, other part with scattered irregular dark brown dots; covered with many dark setae. Ocular tubercle prominent, black. Antennae brown, long and thin. Mandible longer than head, basally with 7–8 interdental mandibular setae; first tooth shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; two short interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth (Figs. 17, 53A–B).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum medially reddish brown, laterally yellowish-brown; posteromedially with a pair of curved black stripes; laterally with black spots; medially covered with short setae, lateral margin covered with long slender setae. Meso- and metathorax dorsally yellowish-brown and reddish brown; each medially with a pair of dark brown markings, with many dark brown dots. Meso- and metathorax ventrally each with a pair of dark brown markings. Mesothorax with spiracles present on short stout generally yellowish-brown sclerotized tubercle. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes 1.25 times as long as the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, posterior pair longer and wider. All setiferous processes with long slender setae, some setae apically with claw-like expand (Figs. 17A, 54A–B).</p><p>Legs. Pale yellow. All coxae with dark brown dots. Midleg longer than fore- and hind leg (Fig. 17C).</p><p>Abdomen. Dorsal segments 1–8 generally reddish brown, each mediolaterally pale yellow with a pair of oblique dark brown markings, other parts with many dark brown dots (Fig. 17A). Ventral segments 1–8 each medially and laterally pink, mediolaterally yellowish-brown, with many dark brown spots and dots (Fig. 17B). Setiferous processes small tuberculate and covered with slender setae. Segments 9 yellowish-brown, triangular, as long as wide; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55A).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui City [ǡAEŪ], Pianma Town [ŧḶḍ], 2100 m, 14.IX.2023, Chao Wu (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 1♀, same information as holotype; 4♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui City, Pianma Town, 2100–2400 m, 29.VIII–5.IX.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, CHINA: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui City, Pianma Town, Gulang Village [古àť], 1900 m, 30.VIII.2023, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the aquatic coleopteran researcher Mr. Zuqi Mai (AEȒȍ), who became good friend of the first author during their student days sharing an interest in entomology. To this day, they still go on field trips together to collect specimens and discuss research, and he has also collected many myrmeleontid specimens for us.</p><p>Biology. The larvae of E. zuqii sp. nov. inhabit rocky platforms with shallow, wet soil, completely buried into the substrate, ambushing preys (Fig. 16). Moreover, this new species is sympatric with E. xiaohongae sp. nov.</p><p>The Epacanthaclisis tuyuezhengi group</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Male wings narrow, blade-like, darker than that of female. Hindwing 0.85 times as long as forewing. Hind wing mostly with only one presectoral crossvein. Male terga 4–5 without any tuft setae or bristles; tergum 5 barely swollen. Male gonocoxites 9 as a pair of strongly sclerotized plates, internally with short-tapered setae; gonocoxites 11 thick and long, longer than gonocoxites 9 in lateral view. Male ectoproct laterally expanded into a digital projection, at least twice as wide as long. Female gonocoxites 9 with short stout setae.</p><p>Included species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFE59C5756FFFCC0FECFFE26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFDB9C5256FFFD15FC63FDEA.text	03EB87D8FFDB9C5256FFFD15FC63FDEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis tuyuezhengi Zheng & Badano & Aspöck & Aspöck & Hayashi & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis tuyuezhengi Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2H, 19A–B, 20, 22 A–B)</p><p>Diagnosis.Adult: Vertex generally dark brown, anteriorly with a pair of yellowish-brown spots. Frons pale yellowish-brown, anterior dark part distinct concave medially, lateral margin with a pair of indistinct dark spots. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender yellowish-brown line, laterally with three pairs of yellowish-brown spots. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown. Forewing rhegma as an oblique dark brown marking. Male tergum 3 laterally and medially with some dark brown markings; tergum 4 medially with two rows of dense pores, posteriorly with a pair of oblique dark brown stripes; tergum 5 medially with a pair of small brown spots, posteriorly generally brown. Male gonocoxites 9 trapezoid in caudal view; short tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 arranged in Vshape; ectoproct as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9. Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 slender, curved at right angle.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.85–3.12 mm; forewing length: 28.86–32.11 mm; hindwing length: 24.12–28.52 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown, anteriorly with a pair of yellowish-brown spots (Fig. 20C). Scape and pedicel each pale yellowish-brown, basally dark brown; flagellomeres each generally dark brown, distally yellowish-brown. Frons pale yellowish-brown, anterior dark part distinct concave medially, lateral margin with a pair of indistinct dark spots (Fig. 20B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown, covered with both dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus yellowish-brown on first segment, medial and distal segments dark brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and dark brown, distally pale yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender yellowish-brown line, laterally with three pairs of yellowish-brown spots; laterally covered with dark and pale hairs. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown; mesonotum generally dark brown, laterally with two pairs of indistinct yellowish-brown markings; mesoscutellum generally dark brown, laterally with irregular indistinct yellowish-brown markings. Metanotum generally dark brown (Fig. 20C). Pleurae generally dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each basally dark brown; femora basally yellowish-brown, medially and distally dark brown; tibial spurs dark brown, barely curved; male tarsomeres 1–4 basally pale, distally brown, tarsomere 5 basally pale, medially and distally dark brown; female tarsomere 1 yellowish-brown, distally dark brown, tarsomeres 2–5 generally dark brown; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Tibia dark brown, basally and medially with yellowish-brown spots; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3. Mid leg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Tibia basally yellowish-brown, with a black spot, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Wings. Infuscate, narrow, blade-like, with some markings. Male wings darker than that of female (Figs. 19A, 20A). Hindwing 0.85 times as long as forewing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; bifurcation of R and CuA each with an indistinct dark brown spots; mediocubital with dark brown spots; rhegma as an oblique dark brown marking; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with seven to eight branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma as an oblique dark brown marking, sometimes indistinct; one presectoral crossvein present (Figs. 19A–B, 20A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown, anteriorly pale yellow; tergum 3 laterally and medially with dark brown markings; tergum 4 medially with two rows of dense pores, posteriorly with a pair of oblique dark brown stripes; tergum 5 barely swollen, medially with a pair of small brown spots, posteriorly generally brown; tergum 6 generally pale, anteriorly constricted; tergum 7 generally dark brown, anteriorly and posteriorly pale yellow; tergum 8 generally dark brown (Figs. 2H, 22A–B). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 pentagonal, distally with long setae; tergum 9 laterally with long setae (Figs. 20D–E). Gonocoxites 9 nearly trapezoid, externally slightly protruded in caudal view, anteriorly with short setae in ventral view; short tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 arranged in V-shape. Gonocoxites 11 thick, longer than gonocoxites 9 in lateral view; gonostyli 11 protruded dorsally (Figs. 20H–K). Ectoproct pale yellow, basally with a dark brown spot, laterally expanded into digital projection, as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9; distal margin with many stout long setae (Figs. 20D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 short digitiform, curved at right angle. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short, stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid, rounded on distal margin in lateral view (Figs. 20F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Sichuan, Garze, Yajiang County [ḛȕ县], Bajiaolou Township [Âssế 乡], 2760 m, 25.VI.2020, Yuezheng Tu &amp; Di Li (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 2♀, CHINA: Sichuan, Garze, Yajiang County, 21–22.V.2019 (IZCAS) ; 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Diqing, Shangri-La, Hutiaoxia Town [Ȇỡṉḍ], Jiangbian Village [ȕẖť], Yongke [Ì壳], 2100 m, 25.V.2023, Quanyu Ji (CAU) ; 2♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Chuxiong, Wuding County [KḮ县], Tianxin Township [aeò乡], Fakuai Village [发块ť], 2200 m, 20.V.2022, Yuchen Zhao (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to our neuropterid colleague Mr. Yuezheng Tu (ṁặe), who collected the holotype of this new species. He is also a good friend of the first author, who always assists him with his research.</p><p>Remarks. E. tuyuezhengi sp. nov. is similar to E. zhihaoi sp. nov., but there are some differences between them. In E. tuyuezhengi sp. nov., the frons is pale yellowish-brown and its anterior dark part distinct concave medially, the pronotum laterally has three pairs of yellowish-brown spots, the male tergum 4 medially has two rows of dense pores, the male sternum 9 is pentagonal, the male short tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 are arranged in a V-shape, and the male ectoproct is as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9; while in E. zhihaoi sp. nov., the frons is generally dark brown, the pronotum laterally has a pair of discontinuous yellowish-brown stripes and a pair of continuous yellowish-brown stripes, the rows of dense pores as E. tuyuezhengi sp. nov. on male tergum 4 are absent, the male sternum 9 is subtriangular, the male short, tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 are arranged in a narrowed triangular, and the male ectoproct is 1.5 times as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9. Besides, the wings of E. zhihaoi sp. nov. are wider than E. tuyuezhengi sp. nov. (Fig. 19).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFDB9C5256FFFD15FC63FDEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFDE9C5D56FFFD14FECFFE5A.text	03EB87D8FFDE9C5D56FFFD14FECFFE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis zhihaoi Zheng & Badano & Aspöck & Aspöck & Hayashi & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis zhihaoi Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2I, 19C–D, 21)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex generally dark brown. Frons generally dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender yellowish-brown line, laterally with a pair of discontinuous yellowish-brown stripes and a pair of continuous yellowish-brown stripes. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown. Forewing rhegma as an oblique dark brown stripe. Male tergum 3 generally brown with dark brown markings; tergum 4 without rows of dense pores, posteriorly with three short dark brown stripes; tergum 5 posteriorly dark brown. Male gonocoxites 9 semicircular in caudal view; short tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 arranged in a narrowed triangular; ectoproct 1.5 times as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9. Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide, curved at right angle. Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.92–3.08 mm; forewing length: 30.22–33.54 mm; hindwing length: 26.02–29.67 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown (Fig. 21C). Scape and pedicel each pale yellowish-brown, basally dark brown; flagellomeres each generally dark brown, distally yellowish-brown. Frons generally dark brown (Fig. 21B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown, with a pair of dark brown spots, covered with both dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus yellowish-brown on first segment, medial and distal segments dark brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and dark brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender yellowish-brown line, laterally with a pair of discontinuous yellowish-brown stripes and a pair of continuous yellowish-brown stripes; laterally covered with both dark and pale hairs. Mesoprescutum generally dark brown; mesonotum generally dark brown, laterally with indistinct yellowish-brown markings; mesoscutellum generally dark brown, laterally with irregular indistinct yellowish-brown markings. Metanotum generally dark brown, posteriorly with a pair of yellowish-brown spots; metascutellum dark brown (Fig. 21B). Pleurae generally dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each basally dark brown; tibiae yellowish-brown, with two dark brown spots, distally dark brown; tibial spurs yellowish-brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur basally and distally yellowish-brown, medially dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Mid leg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur yellowish-brown, distally and ventrally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 21A).</p><p>Wings. Infuscate, narrow, long ovoid, with scattered markings. Male wings darker than that of female (Figs. 19 C–D). Hindwing 0.85 times as long as forewing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as an oblique dark brown stripe; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with eight to nine branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma as an indistinct dark brown spot; one presectoral crossvein present on male, two presectoral crossveins present on female (Figs. 19 C–D).</p><p>Abdomen. Male abdomen pale with dark brown markings. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown; tergum 3 generally brown with dark brown markings; tergum 4 without rows of dense pores, posteriorly with three short dark brown stripes; tergum 5 pale, posteriorly dark brown, barely swollen (squeezed on holotype); tergum 6 pale, with indistinct dark brown marking; terga 7–8 generally dark brown (Figs. 2I, 22C). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 subtriangular, distally with long setae; tergum 9 laterally with long setae (Figs. 21D–E). Gonocoxites 9 semicircular in caudal view, anteriorly with short setae in ventral view; short tapered setae on internal gonocoxites 9 arranged in a narrowed triangular. Gonocoxites 11 thick, longer than gonocoxites 9 in lateral view; gonostyli 11 protruded dorsally (Figs. 21H–K). Ectoproct dark brown, medially with a yellowish-brown spot, laterally expanded into digital projection, 1.5 times as wide as the maximum width of sternum 9; distal margin with many stout long setae (Figs. 21D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 digitiform, wide, curved at right angle. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short, stout setae. Ectoproct narrowed semicircular (Figs. 21F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Diqing, Weixi County [ĠZ县], Zhonglu Township [中ƃ乡], Zanli Village [咱利ť], 1695 m, 5.VII.2022, Zhihao Qi (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 1♀, same information as holotype (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the lucanid and buprestid researcher, Mr. Zhihao Qi (ȍĉả), a good friend of the first author, who collected the types of this new species.</p><p>The Epacanthaclisis maculosa group</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewing as long as hindwing. Male abdomen pale, segments 4–5 swollen; tergum 4 medially sunk, sunk part with dense relatively long setae. Male sternum 9 bell-shaped, constricted on distal part; external gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized with a pair of a pair of membrane tubercles exteriorly, internal gonocoxites 9 relatively small shaped as a pair of plates; gonocoxites 11 longer than gonocoxites 9. Female gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae.</p><p>Included species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFDE9C5D56FFFD14FECFFE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFD19C5B56FFFC2DFDEAF936.text	03EB87D8FFD19C5B56FFFC2DFDEAF936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspock, H. Aspock, Hayashi & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1B, 2J, 23A–B, 25, 26, 27, 53C–D, 54 C–D, 55B, 57A)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex entirely black. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Pronotum generally dark brown, medially and posterior margin indistinct yellow or orange. Legs generally black. Wings long ovoid. Forewing costal space with two rows of spots on basal half, distal half with one row of spots; marking on basal cubital area large and distinct. Hindwing medially with dense indistinct dark brown spots. Male tergum 4 without dark spot. Male sternum 9 linguiform, distal margin not constricted; external gonocoxites 9 curved in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 smaller than internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 as long trapezoidal in ventral view; gonostyli 11 thick in ventral view; lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe. 3rd instar larva. Head clypeo-labrum medially yellowish-brown, laterally dark brown; dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of dark brown oblique spots, posteriorly with a pair of subtriangular dark brown markings; lateral head with a pair of dark brown markings; ventral head with a few indistinct dark brown dots. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes slightly longer than the posterior pair. Ventral abdominal segment 9 with a pair of dark brown stripes.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.24–3.61 mm; forewing length: 36.62–46.54 mm; hindwing length: 36.56–46.46 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex entirely black (Fig. 25C). Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Frons yellow, anteriorly black, dark part medially concave, posterolaterally with a pair of dark brown dots (Fig. 25B). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum yellow. Maxillary palpus brown, distal segment pale brown. Labial palpus pale yellow, distal segment fusiform and dark brown, distally pale yellow. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum generally dark brown, medially and posterior margin indistinct yellow or orange. Intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum luminous yellow. Mesoprescutum dark brown; mesonotum dark brown; mesoscutellum dark brown, medially with a yellowish line. Metanotum dark brown; metascutellum yellow, laterally dark brown (Fig. 25C). Pleurae dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Generally black, covered with many dark setae. All coxae and femora distally yellow or orange; tibial spurs dark brown to reddish brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Fore and mid tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 4; hind tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 2, tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 25A).</p><p>Wings. Long ovoid, hyaline with dense dark brown spots. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with two rows of spots on basal half, distal half with a row of spots; spots on basal and distal parts relatively distinct, spots on medial part mostly indistinct; rhegma as an oblique spot or stripe; marking on basal cubital area large and distinct; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 9–10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing costal space with a row of indistinct spots; spots on basal and medial parts dense; rhegma as a dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 23A–B, 25A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown; tergum 3 generally brown; tergum 4 pale, swollen, medially sunk, sunk part with dense relatively long setae, without marking; tergum 5 pale, swollen, anterior margin medially with stout setae; tergum 6 pale; terga 7–8 generally dark brown (Figs. 2J, 38A). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 linguiform, distal margin not constricted (Fig. 25E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 curved in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 smaller than internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 as long trapezoidal in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 long subtriangular in caudal view, external arms wide; gonostyli 11 thick in ventral view (Figs. 25H–L). Lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe, distal margin with stout curved setae (Figs. 25D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate widely sclerotized, medially tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 thumblike, slightly curved, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of transversal bands, internally curved and constricted. Gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid in lateral view (Figs. 25F–G).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. Size. Body length (excluding mandible): 28.27–30.76 mm; head length: 5.25– 6.43 mm; head width: 5.04–6.24 mm; mandible length: 8.23–9.44 mm.</p><p>Head. Yellowish-brown with dark brown markings, longer than wide. Clypeo-labrum medially yellowish-brown, laterally dark brown, covered with many pale dolichasters; dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of dark brown oblique spots, posteriorly with a pair of subtriangular dark brown markings; laterally with a pair of dark brown markings; ventrally with a few indistinct dark brown dots. Ocular tubercle prominent, black. Antennae brown, long and thin. Mandible longer than head, basally with six to seven interdental mandibular setae and a few dolichasters; first tooth shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; two to three short interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth; one to two short interdental mandibular setae between second and third teeth (Figs. 27, 53C–D).</p><p>Thorax. Laterally with long setae, and some clavate at the tip. Pronotum yellowish-brown, laterally with two pairs of dark brown markings; medially covered with tiny setae. Mesothorax with spiracles present on short stout yellowish-brown sclerotized tubercle, dark brown on the tip, basally with a pair of short dark brown stripes. Meso- and metanotum each medially pale yellow and laterally yellowish-brown, with a pair of dark brown markings and a few dark brown dots.Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes slender digitiform, slightly longer than the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, tuberculate, posterior pair wider (Figs. 27, 54C–D).</p><p>Legs. Pale yellowish-brown. Foreleg short. Midleg longer than fore- and hind leg. All coxae with a few dark brown spots (Fig. 27C).</p><p>Abdomen. Lateral abdomen each with a tiny setiferous processes. Dorsal abdomen medially pale yellow, laterally yellowish-brown; segments 1–8 each with a pair of oblique dark brown markings and many dark brown dots (Fig. 27A). Ventral segments 1–7 each medially with a dark brown spots, laterally with a pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes, and with many dark brown dots; ventral segment 8 with a pair of dark brown spots (Fig. 27B). Segment 9 triangular, as long as wide; ventrally with a pair of dark brown stripes; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55B).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang District [Njș区], Mangkuan Township [Ë =乡], Baihualing Village [Ħŗńť], Hanlong Camp [ḄĪḁ], 1450 m, 7.VI.2020, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Jiazhi Zhang (IZCAS) . Paratypes: Adult: 1♀, same location as holotype, 3.VI.2020, Jiazhi Zhang, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Baozhi Ge (IZCAS); 1♂ 1♀, same location as holotype, 9.V.2021, Zuqi Mai (CAU); 1♀, same location as holotype, 10.V.2021, Baoping Huang (CAU); 1 larva reared to adult (♂), same location as holotype, 14.I.2023, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Wenkai Kou (CAU); 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai County [勐ė县], Mengsong Township [勐*乡], Daan Village [大üť], 1500 m, III.2023 (CAU) ; 1♂, LAOS: Houaphanh, Mt. Phu Pane, 1200–1900 m, 26.IV– 10.V.2013 (HFC) ; 1♂, VIETNAM: Cao Bang, SW Pla Ouac National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.862946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.562971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.862946/lat 22.562971)">Phia Den</a>, 22°33′46.7″N 105°51′46.6″E, 1000 m, 7–17.2019, Brunke &amp; Schellhammer (NHMW) ; 1♂, VIETNAM: Cao Bang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.87583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.588612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.87583/lat 22.588612)">Pla Ouac National Park</a>, 22°35′19″N 105°52′33″E, 1210 m, 14.V.2019, Brunke &amp; Schellhammer (NHMW) ; Larvae: two 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, same location as holotype, 14.I.2023, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Wenkai Kou (CAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan); Laos; Vietnam (Cao Bang).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the mantis (Mantodea) researcher Mr. Jiazhi Zhang (张嘉»), who collected the holotype and a paratype of this new species with the first author. The first author hopes to memorialize the happy times Mr. Zhang had with the first author's field work.</p><p>Biology. The larvae of E. jiazhii sp. nov. inhabit wet soil under the roots of the tree, and rocky platforms with deep wet soil, completely hidden themselves into those wet soil, ambushing preys (Fig. 26). This new species was found to be sympatric with its related species E. maculosa in Baoshan (Yunnan). Besides, it was found sharing the same habitat with the pit-building myrmeleontina Baliga spp. In the artificial feeding environment at temperatures between 18 and 24°C, larvae pupate in a week after cocooning, and emerge as adults 26 days after pupation (Figs. 26D–F).</p><p>Remarks. E. jiazhii sp. nov. and E. maculosa are very similar and they share sympatric distributions, but they still have some stabilizing differences. In E. jiazhii sp. nov., the pronotum is mostly dark brown with some yellowish coloration posteriorly, the wings are long, ovoid and not concave on posterior margin, the forewing costal space has two rows of spots on basal half, the forewing marking on basal cubital area is large and distinct, the spots on hindwing are denser, the marking on male abdominal tergum 4 is absent, the sternum 9 is linguiform with unconstricted distal margin, the membrane tubercles on male external gonocoxites 9 are smaller than internal gonocoxites 9, the male internal gonocoxites 9 are long trapezoid in ventral view, the male gonostyli 11 are thick, and the male ectoproct is slightly expanded transversally and its lateral margin has a longitudinal dark brown stripe; while in E. maculosa, the pronotum is mostly yellow with laterally dark brown, the wings posterior margin are slightly concave distally, the forewing costal space has only one row of spots on basal half, the forewing marking on basal cubital area is relatively small and indistinct, the spots on hindwing are fewer and indistinct. In addition, the male of E. jiazhii has the concave part of tergum 4 with a dark brown marking, sternum 9 is linguiform with distal margin constricted, the membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 are as large as internal gonocoxites 9, the internal gonocoxites 9 are long rhomboidal in ventral view, the gonostyli 11 are thin, and the ectoproct is barely expanded and the lateral marking is absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFD19C5B56FFFC2DFDEAF936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFC89C4656FFFF31FDB7FE7E.text	03EB87D8FFC89C4656FFFF31FDB7FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis maculosa (Yang 1986)	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis maculosa (Yang, 1986)</p><p>(Figs. 1C, 2K, 23C–D, 24D, 28, 38B, 57B)</p><p>Boutuleon maculosa Yang, 1986: 423 (type locality: China: Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong; holotype in CAU). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis). Wang et al., 2018: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 779 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis.Adult: Vertex generally black. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Pronotum mostly yellow or orange with laterally dark brown. Legs generally black. Wings posterior margin slightly concave distally. Forewing costal space with a row of spots on basal half; marking on basal cubital area as an indistinct dark brown spot. Hindwing medially with a few indistinct dark brown spots. Sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking. Male sternum 9 linguiform with distal margin constricted; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view; internal gonocoxites 9 long rhombic in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view; lateral ectoproct barely expanded, without any markings.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.21–3.43 mm; forewing length: 36.27–44.56 mm; hindwing length: 36.21–44.42 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally black (Fig. 28C). Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Frons yellow, anteriorly black, dark part medially concave, posterolaterally with a pair of dark brown dots (Fig. 28B). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum yellow. Maxillary palpus brown, distal segment pale brown. Labial palpus pale yellow, distal segment fusiform and dark brown, distally pale yellow. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum mostly yellow or orange with laterally dark brown. Intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum luminous yellow. Mesoprescutum dark brown; mesonotum dark brown; mesoscutellum dark brown, medially with an indistinct yellowish line. Metanotum dark brown; metascutellum dark brown, posteriorly with a pair of yellowish spots (Fig. 28C). Pleurae dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Generally black, covered with many dark setae. All coxae and femora distally yellow or orange; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Fore- and midtibial spur reaching the tip of tarsomere 3; hind tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3, tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 28A).</p><p>Wings. Long ovoid, posterior margin slightly concave distally, hyaline with dense dark brown spots. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a row of spots on basal half, distal half with a row of smaller spots; spots on basal part relatively distinct, spots on medial and distal parts mostly indistinct; rhegma as an oblique spot or stripe; marking on basal cubital area instinct; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 8–10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing costal space with a row of indistinct spots; spots on basal and medial parts indistinct and sparse; rhegma as a dark brown spot or stripe; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 23C–D, 24D, 28A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–3 generally dark brown; tergum 4 pale, swollen, medially sunk, sunk part with a dark brown marking and covered with dense relatively long setae; tergum 5 pale, swollen, anterior margin medially with stout setae; tergum 6 pale; terga 7–8 generally dark brown (Figs. 2K, 38B). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 linguiform with distal margin constricted (Fig. 28E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 long rhomboidal in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 long subtriangular in caudal view, external arms rounded; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view (Figs. 28H–L). Lateral ectoproct barely expanded, without marking, distal margin with stout curved setae (Figs. 28D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate widely sclerotized, medially tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 thumblike, slightly curved, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of transversal bands, internally curved and constricted. Gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid in lateral view (Figs. 28F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong County [Ř冲县], 1194 m, 14.VI.1979 (CAU) . Paratype: 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong County, Xishanba [ZƜ坝], 1800 m, 2.VI.1979 (CAU) .</p><p>Additional material. 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Longling County [Īä县], VI.2021 (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang District, Mangkuan Township, Baihualing Village, Hanlong Camp, 1450 m, 5.VI.2020, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Jiazhi Zhang (IZCAS) . 1♂ 1♀, same locality as above, 12.V.2021, Chao Wu &amp; Jiazhi Zhang (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Dali, Mt. Cangshan [ĖƜ], Shimenguan [ƋLJï], 31.V.2023, Zhixin He (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang County [ȁȕ县], Xima Town [ÄḶḍ], Hulukou [ôễ 口], 1200 m, VI.2019, Weizong Yang (IZCAS) . 1♂, same locality as above, VI.2020, Weizong Yang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County [ṅƌ县], Mt. Huanglianshan [WĭƜ], Bamawudu [Âṽȃů], 1650 m, 31.V.2021, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang, Fengqing County [凤±县], Qingtou Village [Ã头ť], 2250 m, 21.VI.2024, Wenqi Yin &amp; Jiaheng Chen (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFC89C4656FFFF31FDB7FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFCA9C4656FFFDE0FF7EF860.text	03EB87D8FFCA9C4656FFFDE0FF7EF860.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis maculata (Yang 1986)	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis maculata (Yang, 1986)</p><p>(Figs. 24, 29)</p><p>Boutuleon maculata Yang, 1986: 423 (type locality: China: Yunnan, Yuxi, Huaning County; holotype in CAU). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis). Wang et al., 2018: 51 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 780 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex dark brown with black markings. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Pronotum generally pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots, laterally with two pairs of short dark brown stripes. Forewing with many stripe-like dark brown spots; costal space with sparse indistinct dark brown dots; radial area with five relatively large spots; rhegma and marking on basal cubital area indistinct. Hindwing radial area four small dark brown spots; one presectoral crossvein present.</p><p>Re-description of holotype. Size. Head width: 3.21 mm; forewing length: 43.42 mm; hindwing length: 43.04 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex dark brown with black markings (Fig. 29B). Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Frons yellow, anteriorly black, dark part medially concave, posterolaterally with a pair of dark brown dots (Fig. 29C). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum yellow. Maxillary palpus brown, distal segment pale brown. Labial palpus pale yellow, distal segment fusiform and dark brown, distally pale yellow. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum generally pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots, laterally with two pairs of short dark brown stripes. Intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum luminous yellow. Mesoprescutum dark brown; mesonotum dark brown; mesoscutellum dark brown, anteriorly pale yellow. Metanotum dark brown, medially pale yellow; metascutellum dark brown and pale yellow (Fig. 29B). Pleurae dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Generally black, covered with many dark setae. All coxae and femora distally yellow or orange; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg and midleg tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; hind leg tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3, tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 29A).</p><p>Wings. Long ovoid, hyaline with many stripe-like dark brown spots. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with sparse indistinct dark brown dots, a distinct dark brown spot proximad pterostigma; radial area with five relatively large spots; rhegma and marking on basal cubital area indistinct; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells biloculate; RP with nine branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing costal space hyaline; radial area four small dark brown spots; rhegma as an oblique small dark brown spots; one presectoral crossvein present (Figs. 24B, 29A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–3 generally dark brown. Other parts lost.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Yuxi, Huaning County [华÷县], 1800 m, 30.VI.1980, Gegao Zhang (CAU).</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Remarks. This species can be distinguished from other species within the E. maculosa group by the pronotum generally pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots, laterally with two pairs of short dark brown stripes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFCA9C4656FFFDE0FF7EF860	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFCC9C4956FFFF31FDD2FCB2.text	03EB87D8FFCC9C4956FFFF31FDD2FCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis minana (Yang 1999)	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis minana (Yang, 1999)</p><p>(Figs. 1E, 2L–M, 23E–F, 24C, 30–35, 38C–D, 53E–F, 54E–F, 55C)</p><p>Boutuleon minana Yang, 1999: 423 (type locality: China: Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang; holotype in CAU). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis). Liu &amp; Yang, 2018: 259 ( Epacanthaclisis). Wang et al., 2018: 52 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 781 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Vertex generally dark brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of longitudinal closed dark brown stripes, laterally with a pair of dark brown spots, posterolateral margin with a pair of subtriangular dark brown marking. Legs yellowish-brown with dark brown markings. Wings generally hyaline with scattered indistinct markings. Sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking and covered with dense long setae, those setae basally black and distally pale. Male sternum 9 linguiform; external gonocoxites 9 oblique rectangular in ventral view; internal gonocoxites 9 rhomboidal in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 flat, wider than internal gonocoxites 9; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view; lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe. 3rd instar larva. Head clypeo-labrum yellowish-brown, laterally with a pair of triangular dark brown markings; dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of dark brown oblique curved stripes, posteriorly with a pair of subtriangular dark brown markings; lateral head with a pair of circular dark brown markings; ventral head posteriorly with circular arranged dark brown markings. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes as long as posterior pair. Ventral abdominal segment 9 pale yellow without marking.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.12–3.64 mm; forewing length: 35.83–46.42 mm; hindwing length: 35.37–46.01 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown (Fig. 30C, 31B, D, F). Scape yellowish-brown; pedicel basally dark brown, distally yellowish-brown; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons generally yellowish-brown with anterior dark part concave medially (Fig. 30B). Clypeus yellowish-brown, covered with dark setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally yellowish-brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown; distal segment fusiform and generally dark brown, distal part yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of longitudinal closed dark brown stripes, laterally with a pair of dark brown spots, posterolateral margin with a pair of subtriangular dark brown marking; lateral margin covered with pale long hairs. Intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum luminous yellow or pale yellowish-brown, depending on the geographical population. Mesoprescutum brown, anterior and posterior margin dark brown; mesonotum dark brown and yellowish-brown; mesoscutellum generally dark brown, posteriorly indistinct yellowish-brown. Metanotum generally dark brown (Figs. 30C, 31B, D, F). Pleurae generally pale yellow and dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae dark brown, distally yellowish-brown; femora basally pale yellow, distal half dark brown, sometimes fore femur basally pink; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 1 generally black, yellowish-brown basally; tarsomeres 2–5 black; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Tibia generally black, with two indistinct yellowish-brown marking; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 4. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Tibia pale yellow on basal half with a dark brown spots, dark brown on distal half; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Figs. 30A, 31A, C, E).</p><p>Wings. Long ovoid. Mostly hyaline, with scattered indistinct markings. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as a dark brown stripe, sometimes discontinuous; cubital area basally with an indistinct dark brown marking; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 9–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 23E–F, 24C, 30A, 31A, C, E).</p><p>Abdomen. All male terga 4–5 swollen; sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking and covered with dense long setae, those setae basally black and distally pale; terga 7–9 generally dark brown. The markings on the male abdomen present geographic variation. In the specimens from Wuyishan, Daiyunshan, Nanling, and Wulingshan mountain ranges, male terga 1–2 generally brown; terga 3 and 5–6 pale yellow (Figs. 2L, 38C). In the specimens from Dabie, Ta-pa, and Qinling mountain ranges, male terga 3 and 6 dark brown; male tergum 5 pale yellow, medially with a large dark brown marking (Figs. 2M, 38D). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 linguiform, distally with long setae (Fig. 30E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 oblique rectangular in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 flat, wider than internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 rhomboidal in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 arrow-shaped in caudal view, external arms wide; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view (Figs. 30H–L). Lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe, distally covered with stout curved setae (Figs. 30D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 thumblike, slightly curved, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of transversal bands, internally curved and constricted. Gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid in lateral view (Figs. 30F–G).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. Size. Body length (excluding mandible): 24.45–27.44 28.27–30.76 mm; head length: 4.63–5.62 mm; head width: 4.54–5.48 mm; mandible length: 7.25–8.37 mm.</p><p>Head. Yellowish-brown with dark brown markings, longer than wide. Clypeo-labrum yellowish-brown, laterally with a pair of triangular dark brown markings, covered with many pale dolichasters. Dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of dark brown oblique curved stripes, posteriorly with a pair of subtriangular dark brown markings; lateral head with a pair of circular dark brown markings; ventral head posteriorly with circular arranged dark brown markings. Ocular tubercle prominent, black. Antennae brown, long and thin. Mandible longer than head, basally with five to seven interdental mandibular setae and a few dolichasters; first tooth shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; three short interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth; one to two short interdental mandibular setae between second and third teeth (Figs. 33, 53E–F).</p><p>Thorax. Laterally with long setae andsome with the setae clavate on the tip. Pronotum yellowish-brown, laterally with a pair of short dark brown line, lateral margin with a pair of dark brown markings; medially covered with tiny setae, laterally covered with slender setae. Mesothorax with spiracles present on short stout yellowish-brown sclerotized tubercle, dark brown distally. Meso- and metanotum each medially pale yellow and laterally yellowish-brown, with a pair of dark brown markings and a few dark brown dots. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes slender digitiform, as long as posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, tuberculate, posterior pair larger (Figs. 33, 54E–F).</p><p>Legs. Pale yellowish-brown. Foreleg short. Midleg longer than fore- and hind leg. All coxae with a few dark brown spots. Fore- and midtibiae basally dark brown (Fig. 33C).</p><p>Abdomen. Reddish brown and yellowish-brown. Lateral abdomen each with a tiny setiferous processes. Dorsal segments 1–8 each with a pair of indistinct oblique dark brown markings, anteriorly with six distinct dark brown spots, these spots covered with long setae (Fig. 33A). Ventral segments 1–7 each medially with a dark brown spot, laterally with a pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes, and with many dark brown dots; ventral segment 8 with a pair of black spots (Fig. 33B). Abdominal segment 9 triangular, as long as wide; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55C).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: “ Fujian, Mt. Wuyishan [K夷Ɯ], Sangang [三AE]” = Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Wuyishan, Tongmu Village [ÊÍť], Sangang, 24.VIII.1982, Jiashe Wang (CAU) . Paratypes: 1♀, “ allotype ”, same locality as holotype, 6.VIII.1981, Jiashe Wang (CAU); 1♂, same locality as holotype, 25.IX.1979, Jingying Liu (CAU); 2♂, CHINA: Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Wuyishan, Xianfengling [先ẃń], 19.IX.1987, Jiashe Wang (CAU) ; 2♀, CHINA: Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Wuyishan, 17.IX.1980 (CAU) .</p><p>Additional material. Adult: 10♂ 3♀, CHINA: Anhui, Luan, Jinzhai County [aeḁ县], Nanxi Town [南âḍ], Mazongling Forestry Farm [Ḷḙńṳ场], Heshangping [和尚坪], 680 m, 24.VII–18.VIII.2018, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: 1♀, CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Lanying Township [żĕ乡], Xian Village [Züť], 11.VIII.2022, Tingting Zhang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Shuangyang Township [双ș乡], Hongqi Station [ṋǿăaeạ], 1263 m, 11.VIII.2022 (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Chongqing, Jiangjin District [ȕś 区], Mt. Simianshan [四MƜ], Mohuayan [ãŗấ], 1017 m, 14.VII.2022, Xulong Chen (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Wuyishan, Tongmu Village, Guadun [ŭẫ], 24.VII.2009, Wen-I Chou (CAU) . 1♂, same locality as holotype, 20.IX.1982 (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Fujian, Sanming, Jianning County [建÷县], Mt. Jinnaoshan [aeẆƜ], 1590 m, 23.VIII.2024, Rongxiang Su (ZCAU) . 4♂, CHINA: Fujian, Sanming, Sanyuan District [三元 区], Yangxi Town [ṻâḍ], Luobading [ȏŏũ], 1480 m, 23.VII.2022, Rongxiang Su &amp; Zhihao Qi (CAU) . 2♂ CHINA: Fujian, Quanzhou, Dehua County [DZ化县], Shuikou Town [AE口ḍ], Mt. Shiniushan [Ƌ+Ɯ], Sijiaoshi [四ssƋ], 1280 m, 12.VII.2020, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 1 larva reared to adult (1♀), CHINA: Fujian, Quanzhou, Dehua County, Shuikou Town, Mt. Shiniushan, Bangshang Village [Ȑ上ť], Shuntian Road [Ḥ天ƃ], 1200 m, 9.IV.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Fujian, Xiamen, Jimei District [ẽṯ区], 2019, Fuxiang Wang (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Guangndong, Shaoguan, Ruyuan County [乳ǎ县], Nanling National Park [南ń国ẕẄ 园], Mt. Babaoshan [ÂṪƜ], 1020 m, 22.VII.2020, Ying Yang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Guangndong, Shaoguan, Ruyuan County, Nanling National Park, Xiaohuangshan [小WƜ], 25.VIII.2005, Junhua Zhang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Guangndong, Shaoguan, Ruyuan County, Nanling National Park, 17.VI.2017, Yunlan Jiang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Guangxi, Guilin, Longsheng County [Īḇ县], Mt. Tianpingshan [天ṮƜ], 13.VIII.1981, Xinwang Tong (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Guangxi, Guilin, Ziyuan County [ẁǎ县], Mt. Maoershan [ẻ儿Ɯ], 1000 m, Jiazhi Zhang &amp; Wenkai Kou (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Guangxi, Liuzhou, Rongshui County [ŜAE县], Mt. Jiuwanshan [九 万Ɯ], Yangmeiao [čé坳], 1255 m, 8.VIII.2020, Jiazhi Zhang &amp; Wenkai Kou (CAU) . 2♀, CHINA: Guizhou, Qiandongnan, Leishan County [ḆƜ县], Mt. Leigongshan [ḆẄƜ], 16.VIII.2020, Wenkai Kou &amp; Jiazhi Zhang (CAU) . 1♀, same locality as above, 1528 m, 19.VII.2014, Lu Yue (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Guizhou, Qiandongnan, Leishan County, Mt. Leigongshan, Wudong Village [乌东ť], 1.VIII.2019 (IZCAS) . 1♂, same locality as above, 18.VII.2023, Xiaowen Li (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Guizhou, Zunyi, Daozhen County [Ẳn县], Dashahe Natural Reserve [大űñuḦ保ae区], 1400 m, 24.VIII.2004, Chunfeng Jia (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Guizhou, Zunyi, Daozhen County, Dashahe Natural Reserve, Qianfeng Village [Ñ丰ť], 1350–1500 m, 19.VIII.2004, Yajun Zhu (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Hubei, Enshi, Xuanen County [Ằḋ县], Changtanhe Township [ẗšñ乡], Liangxihe Village [两 âñť], 796 m, 20.IX.2015, Jian Yao (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Hubei, Huanggang, Luotian County [Ɓae县], Huangbaishan Village [WṔƜť], Tiantangzhai Forestry Farm [天堂ḁṳ场], 852 m, 15.VIII.2022, Kaidong Zhao (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Hubei, Huanggang, Macheng City [ṽẅŪ], Guishan Town [QƜḍ], Mt. Guifengshan [QëƜ], 17.VIII.2022, Kaidong Zhao &amp; Peng He (IZCAS) . 2♂, CHINA: Hubei, Shennongjia, Hongping Town [ṋ坪ḍ], 1200 m, 13–14. VIII.2004, Lamei Lu (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Hubei, Shennongjia, Muyu Town [Íùḍ], Honghuaping Village [ṋŗ坪ť], Mt. Guanmenshan [ȅLJƜ], 1350 m, 19.VII.2007, Fang Wang (CAU) . 6♂ 4♀, CHINA: Hubei, Shennongjia, Muyu Town, Mt. Laojunshan [ƭ君Ɯ], 12–13.VII.2022, Ying Yang &amp; Guo Chen (IZCAS) . 1♂ 2♀, CHINA: Hubei, Shennongjia, Muyu Town, 1200 m, 12.VIII.2004, Jingyang Peng &amp; Fengling Zou (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Hubei, Yichang, Wufeng County [五ë县], Changleping Town [ẗ乐坪ḍ], 13.VIII.2008, Lu Zhao (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Hubei, Yichang, Yiling District [夷ä区], Dalaoling [大ƭń], 1200 m, 10.VII.2011, Jinyi Ma (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Hanzhong, Yang County [ṻ县], Changqing Natural Reserve [ẗẩuḦ 保ae区], Yangjiagou [čẕŝ], 1200 m, 22.VII.2017, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Sichuan, Bazhong, Nanjiang County [南ȕ县], Xinmin Township [ǔk乡], Mt. Guangwushan [光ṞƜ], 1.VIII.2022, Quanyu Ji (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Sichuan, Leshan, Mt. Emeishan [ḢŠƜ], Jinding [aeũ], 3–5.VIII.2023, Yiteng Li (IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Sichuan, Chengdu, Chongzhou City [崇ňŪ], Anzihe Natural Reserve [ẠŦñuḦ保 ae区], VII.2016, Wen-I Chou (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Zhaotong, Daguan County [大ï县], Mugan Town [ÍIJḍ], Luohanba [ƁṘ坝], 1800 m, 15.VIII.2023, Haoyang Xiong (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Zhejiang, Huzhou, Anji County [ü吉县], Mt. Longwangshan [ĪƗƜ], 30.VII.1998, Hong Wu (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District [临ü区], West Mt. Tianmushan [天ƱƜ], 19.VII.2006, Hongliang Shi (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, 25.VIII.2017, Yandong Chen &amp; Yixiang Zhang (IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, Dayang Road [大čƃ], 7.IX.1998, Mingshui Zhao (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, Longfengjian [Īë 尖], 27.VII.1998, Yuejun Dai (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, Sanmuping [三亩坪], 30.VI.1998, Mingshui Zhao (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, Qixingting [七¥亭], 3.VIII.1998, Mingshui Zhao (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Linan District, Mt. Tianmushan, Xianrending [仙人ũ], 30.VII.1998, Xue Wang (CAU) . 1♀, same locality as above, 27.VII.2011, Sha Li (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Zhejiang, Lishui, Jingning County [ẹ÷县], Caoyutang [ķù塘], 8.VIII.2016, Tong Zheng (IZCAS) . 1♂ 1♀, CHINA: Zhejiang, Lishui, Longquan City [ĪṖŪ], Mt. Fengyangshan [凤șƜ], 27– 29.VII.2007, Jingxian Liu (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Zhejiang, Quzhou, Qujiang District [ệȕ区], Huiping Township [Ā坪区], Xiaohuanglian [小Wĭ], VIII.2020, Xiaohan Ye (IZCAS) . Larva: 1 2nd instar larva and 2 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, CHINA: Fujian, Quanzhou, Dehua County, Shuikou Town, Mt. Shiniushan, Bangshang Village, Shuntian Road, 1200 m, 9.IV.2023, Yuchen Zheng (ZCAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).</p><p>Biology. The larvae of E. minana inhabit wet soil under the roots of the tree, soil slope, and rocky platforms with wet soil, completely hidden themselves into those wet soil, ambushing preys (Fig. 32). Besides, its larva was found sharing the same habitat with the pit-building myrmeleontina Baliga spp. In the artificial feeding environment at temperatures between 18 and 24°C, larvae will pupate in 6 days after cocooning, and emergence as adults occurs 23 days after pupation. The emergence period lasts from 56 min (using the time of elimination of the meconium as the cut-off time) (Fig. 34–35). The wing markings become fully visible ~1.5 h after emergence.</p><p>This species was found to be sympatric with E. longwai sp. nov. in Luan (Anhui).</p><p>Remarks. E. minana is the most widely distributed Epacanthaclisis species in China. It can be found in densely vegetated mountainous areas east of the Wumeng mountain ranges, south of the Qinling and Dabie mountain ranges, and north of the Indochina, and has some geographic variations. For the intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum, the populations distributed in eastern China (mainly in east of the Nanling and Dabie mountain ranges) are pale yellowish-brown (Figs. 31A, C); while in the populations distributed in central and southwestern China, the membrane are luminous yellow (Fig. 31B). For the coloration of male abdomen, in the specimens from Wuyishan, Daiyunshan, Nanling, and Wulingshan mountain ranges, the male terga 1–2 are generally brown; terga 3 and 5–6 are pale yellow (Figs. 2L, 38C); while in the specimens from Dabie, Ta-pa, and Qinling mountain ranges, the male terga 3 and 6 are dark brown, and the male tergum 5 is pale yellow and medially has a large dark brown marking (Figs. 2M, 38D). However, we observed both of these coloration in the specimens from Mt. Tianmushan (Zhejiang). The specimens with darker abdomens have all been recorded in the transition areas between the Palearctic and Oriental regions, whereas specimens with paler abdomen are more commonly distributed in the Oriental region. We are uncertain whether this distinct variation in abdominal coloration is due to the isolation between intraspecific populations or if it is influenced by the climate. Despite the presence of two distinct types of abdominal coloration, the lack of significant differences in their male genitalia and the sympatric occurrence of specimens with different abdominal coloration suggest a conservative taxonomic treatment. We consider specimens with different abdominal coloration to be conspecific until more specimens are collected and systematic molecular analyses provide conclusive evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFCC9C4956FFFF31FDD2FCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFC59C4B56FFFCD9FDE4FD92.text	03EB87D8FFC59C4B56FFFCD9FDE4FD92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis wuchaoi Zheng, Badano & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis wuchaoi Zheng, Badano &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1A, 24A, 36)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex and antenna entirely black. Pronotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of oblique pale yellowish stripes. Legs generally black, all femora basally yellowish-brown and distally dark brown. Wings with dense stripe-like spots. Forewing costal space with two rows of spots on basal half; radial area with six relatively large spots; rhegma as a dark brown stripe; cubital area basally with a distinct dark brown spot. Hindwing radial area with six stripe-like brown spots. Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 widely and long digitiform; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of wide plates.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.58 mm; forewing length: 45.24 mm; hindwing length: 45.08 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex and antenna entirely black (Fig. 36A). Frons yellow, anteriorly black, dark part medially concave, posteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots (Fig. 36C). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum yellow. Maxillary palpus dark brown. Labial palpus pale yellow on basal segment, medial and distal segments generally dark brown, distal segment fusiform. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of oblique pale yellowish stripes. Mesoprescutum, mesonotum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, and metascutellum generally dark brown, each medially with a slender pale yellowish line (Fig. 36C). Pleurae dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Generally black, covered with many dark setae. All coxae and femora distally yellow; femora basally yellowish-brown, distally dark brown; tibiae black; tibial spurs dark brown, barely curved; tarsi black; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Fore and mid tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 4; hind tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 2, tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 36A).</p><p>Wings. Long ovoid, hyaline with dense stripe-like dark brown spots. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with two rows of spots on basal half, distal half with two to three rows of spots and dots; radial area with six relatively large spots; rhegma as a dark brown stripe; cubital area basally with a distinct dark brown spot; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 9–10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing costal space hyaline; radial area with six stripe-like brown spots; rhegma as an oblique dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Fig. 24A, 36A).</p><p>Abdomen. Female abdomen generally dark brown. Male genitalia. Unknown. Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 widely and long digitiform; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of wide plates. Gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid in lateral view (Figs. D–E).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County [ṅƌ县], Mt. Huanglianshan [Wĭ Ɯ], Bamawudu [Âṽȃů], 1750 m, 26.VIII.2019, Chao Wu (IZCAS).</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the mantis (Mantodea) researcher Mr. Chao Wu (ȃú), who collected the holotype of this new species and donated many precious neuropterid specimens to us. The first author also desires to remember the good times Mr. Wu spent with him during field work.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is similar to E. maculata, both of them have stripe-like wing spots. However, the pronotum of E. wuchaoi sp. nov. is generally dark brown with a pair of lateral oblique pale yellowish stripes; while in E. maculata, the pronotum is generally pale yellow, anteriorly has a pair of dark brown spots, laterally has two pairs of short dark brown stripes. Moreover, the wing spots of E. wuchaoi sp. nov. are more dense, larger, and distinct compared to those of E. maculata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFC59C4B56FFFCD9FDE4FD92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFC79C3656FFFDCCFEF4FD47.text	03EB87D8FFC79C3656FFFDCCFEF4FD47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis xiaohongae Zheng & Badano & Aspöck & Aspöck & Hayashi & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis xiaohongae Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1D, 2N, 23G–H, 37, 38E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Vertex generally dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender pale yellowish line, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish dots and a pair of curved pale yellowish stripes. Mesoprescutum dark brown with a pair of pale yellowish dots. Legs generally black, femora basally reddish brown and distally black. Wings generally hyaline with a few scattered indistinct markings. Male terga 1–3, 7–8 generally dark brown; terga 4–6 pale; sunk part of male tergum 4 without marking, covered with dense long black setae. Male sternum 9 linguiform; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view, with a pair of curved projection in caudal view; internal gonocoxites 9 flattened in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; gonocoxites 11 as linguiform in caudal view; gonostyli 11 relatively thin in ventral view; lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe. Female sternum 8 distally with dense long setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide, internally curved digitiform, covered with many short stout setae on the tip; setae on gonocoxites 9 dense.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.12–3.64 mm; forewing length: 40.83–47.42 mm; hindwing length: 40.37–47.01 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown (Fig. 37C). Scape and pedicel dorsally dark brown, ventrally pale brown; the part around scape yellow; flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink. Frons generally yellowish-brown anterior dark part concave medially, posterolaterally with a pair of black dots (Fig. 37B). Clypeus yellow, covered with dark setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown; distal segment fusiform and generally dark brown, distal part yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Generally dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, medially with a longitudinal slender pale yellowish line, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish dots and a pair of curved pale yellowish stripes. Mesoprescutum dark brown with a pair of pale yellowish dots; mesonotum and mesoscutellum dark brown. Metanotum dark brown (Fig. 37C). Pleurae generally dark brown with yellowish-brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae dark brown, distally reddish brown; femora reddish brown on basal half, distal half dark brown; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Tibiae black; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 4; tarsi black. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: tibia black, basally with a pale yellowish spot; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 basally pale yellow, distally black; tarsomere 2–5 black; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 37A).</p><p>Wings. Long, narrowed. Mostly hyaline, with a few scattered indistinct markings. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Apex of wings with dark brown dots. Forewing costal space with an indistinct brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma as an indistinct dark brown stripe, sometimes discontinuous; cubital area basally with an indistinct dark brown marking; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 12–13 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown spot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 23G–H, 37A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–3, 7–8 generally dark brown; terga 4–6 pale; sunk part of male tergum 4 without marking, covered with dense long black setae; terga 4–5 swollen. Female abdomen generally dark brown; sternum 8 distally with dense long setae (Figs. 2N, 38E). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 linguiform, distally with long setae (Fig. 37E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view, with a pair of curved projection in caudal view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 flattened in ventral view; gonocoxites 11 as linguiform in caudal view; gonostyli 11 relatively thin in ventral view (Figs. 37H–L). Lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe, distally with stout curved setae (Figs. 37D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 wide, internally curved digitiform, covered with many short stout setae on the tip; gonocoxites 9 with dense slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly rounded in lateral view (Figs. 37F–G).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui City [ǡAEŪ], Pianma Town [ŧḶḍ], 2200 m, 30.VIII.2023, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) . Paratypes: 1♀, same locality as holotype, 1.IX.2023, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) ; 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Nujiang, Gongshan County [ǨƜ县], Dulongjiang Township [ůĪȕ乡], Qinlangdang [ứ Dzṡ], 1350 m, 6.IX.2023, Chao Wu (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named in honor of Ms. Xiaohong Ye (叶ầṋ), the mother of the first author, Yuchen Zheng, in recognition of her great support for his interest and research in entomology since his childhood.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is similar to E. minana . However, E. xiaohongae sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. minana by its generally dark brown pronotum laterally with a pair of pale yellowish dots and a pair of curved pale yellowish stripes, the sunk part of male tergum 4 without marking and covered with dense long black setae, its male external gonocoxites 9 with a pair of curved projection in caudal view, its male internal gonocoxites 9 flattened in ventral view, its female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 covered with many short stout setae on the tip, and the setae on female gonocoxites 9 denser; while in E. minana, the yellowish-brown pronotum medially has a pair of longitudinal closed dark brown stripes, laterally has a pair of dark brown spots, and posterolateral margin has a pair of subtriangular dark brown marking, the sunk part of male tergum 4 has a dark brown marking, the dense long setae on the sunk part of male tergum 4 are basally black and distally pale, the projection of male external gonocoxites 9 is absent, the male internal gonocoxites 9 are rhomboidal in ventral view, the female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 covered with many long stout setae on the tip, and the setae on female gonocoxites 9 are sparser.</p><p>The Epacanthaclisis moiwana group</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewing as long as hindwing. Only male abdominal segment 5 swollen, anteromedial margin covered with a pair of tufts of bristles (absent in E. moiwana), anterolateral margin with scattered long slender setae. Male sternum 9 wide, nearly bell-shaped, constricted on distal part; external gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized, encased internal gonocoxites 9, internal gonocoxites 9 relatively small shaped as a pair of plates; gonocoxites 11 as long as gonocoxites 9. Female gonocoxites 9 with short stout tapered setae.</p><p>Included species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFC79C3656FFFDCCFEF4FD47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFBA9C3D56FFFB98FE04FBD2.text	03EB87D8FFBA9C3D56FFFB98FE04FBD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis banksi Krivokhatsky 1998	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis banksi Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 2O, 39A–B, 40–43, 49A, 53G–H, 54G–H, 55D)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis banksi Krivokhatsky, 1998: 47 (type locality: China: Sichuan, “Ts’Ao Po” = [Aba, Wenchuan County, Yanmen Township, near Qingpo Village]; holotype in USNM). Flint, 2002: 96 ( Epacanthaclisis). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 49 ( Epacanthaclisis). Cheng et al., 2015: 1 ( Epacanthaclisis, molecular). Michel et al., 2017: 108 ( Epacanthaclisis, phylogeny, using a data of Chen et al. 2015). Wang et al., 2018: 47 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 777 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Epacanthaclisis amydrovittata Wan &amp; Wang in Ao et al., 2010: 51 (type locality: China: Gansu, Gannan, Thebo (Diebu) County, Lazikou Town; holotype in CAU). Wang et al., 2018: 47 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 776 ( Epacanthaclisis). syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Scape and pedicel pale yellowish-brown; flagellum mostly pale yellowish-brown on basal part and gradually darken distally, non-swollen flagellomeres each with a dark circular marking. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of short dark lines (sometimes discontinuous); lateral margin black. Forewing rhegma mostly as an oblique dark brown line, sometimes indistinct. Male abdominal terga 3–4 mostly pale yellow; tergum 5 medially with an indistinct brownish marking, anteromedial margin with a pair of tufts of bristles; abdominal terga 6–8 pale yellow and brown. Male external gonocoxites 9 curved in ventral view, subtriangular in cephalic view; internal gonocoxites 9 nearly trapezoid, external margin rounded in cephalic view; gonocoxites 11 arrow-shaped in caudal view. Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 short digitiform, concave internally, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 slender ribbon-shaped, internally sharp. 3rd instar larva: Body pale to pale yellowish-brown. Head Longer than wide; dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of transversal short black band, medially with many dark dots, posteriorly with a pair of V-shaped dark brown markings; lateral head with a pair of irregular brown band; ventral head medially with a pair of adjacent brown markings, anterolateral and posterolateral margin each with a pair of brown spots, other part with dark dots. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes 1.25 times as long as the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, the posterior pair wider. Dorsal abdominal segments each medially with a pair of irregular dark brown markings and dozens dark dots.</p><p>Re-description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.12–3.17 mm; forewing length: 36.42–42.24 mm; hindwing length: 36.63–42.52 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex pale yellowish-brown, two transversal dark brown bands present on anterior and posterior parts (Fig. 40C). A black marking present on the insertion of antenna and anterior frons. Scape and pedicel pale yellowish-brown; flagellum mostly pale yellowish-brown on basal part and gradually darken distally, non-swollen flagellomeres each with a dark circular marking, swollen flagellum mostly dark brown. Frons generally pale yellowish-brown, black marking on anterior frons medially concave (Fig. 40B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellowish-brown. Labial palpus pale yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale yellowish-brown and dark brown. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of short dark lines (sometimes discontinuous); lateral margin black; laterally covered with a mixture of long pale and dark setae. Mesoprescutum generally black with a pair of lateral pale brown spots; mesonotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish-brown markings, a pair of longitudinal dark brown lines present on the pale yellowish-brown markings; mesoscutellum generally pale yellowish-brown, anteromedially with a pair of longitudinal dark brown markings. Metanotum dark brown and pale yellowish-brown (Figs. 40B, 43B–C). Pleurae generally pale yellowish-brown, with dark brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with an indistinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 1 generally pale; tarsomere 2 pale, distally dark brown; tarsomeres 3–4 dark brown; tarsomere 5 generally pale, distally black, as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a longitudinal dark brown stripe; tibia pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally and distally each with a dark brown marking, other part with some dark dots; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally brown; tibia mostly pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally and distally each with an indistinct dark brown marking; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 40A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with some markings. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma and the marking on basal cubital area various, sometimes as an oblique stripe, and sometimes indistinct; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present; RP with 11–12 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing hyaline without marking; two presectoral crossvein present (Figs. 39A–B, 40A, 43A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male tergum 1 pale yellow, posteriorly with a black marking; tergum 2 pale yellow, medially with a longitudinal black subtriangular stripe; terga 3–4 mostly pale yellow; tergum 5 swollen, medially with an indistinct brownish marking, anteromedial margin with a pair of tufts of bristles; abdominal terga 6–8 pale yellow and brown (Figs. 2O, 49A). Female terga 3–7 each laterally with a pair of dark brown stripes and posteromedially with a dark brown stripe (Fig. 39B). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 wide, nearly bell-shaped, constricted on distal part, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 40E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 curved in ventral view, subtriangular in cephalic and lateral view; internal gonocoxites 9 nearly trapezoid, external margin rounded in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 arrow-shaped in caudal view; gonapophyses 11 tiny, H-shaped in ventral view (Figs. 40H–L). Ectoproct long rectangular in dorsal view, rounded on distal margin, distal part covered with many curved stout setae (Figs. 40D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 short digitiform, concave internally, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 slender ribbon-shaped, internally sharp. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short stout tapered setae. Ectoproct subtriangular in lateral view (Figs. 40F–G).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. Size. Body length (excluding mandible): 18.12–23.46 mm; head length: 5.43– 6.22 mm; head width: 5.07–5.85 mm; mandible length: 5.66–6.58 mm.</p><p>Head. Longer than wide. Clypeo-labrum generally brown, posterior margin with a pair of black markings; anterior margin covered with many pale dolichasters. Dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of transversal short black band, medially with many dark dots, posteriorly with a pair of V-shaped dark brown markings; lateral head with a pair of irregular brown band; ventral head medially with a pair of adjacent brown markings, anterolateral and posterolateral margin each with a pair of brown spots, other part with dark dots; covered with many dark setae. Ocular tubercle prominent, black. Antennae brown, long and thin. Mandible longer than head, basally with 9–10 interdental mandibular setae; first tooth shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; 2–3 short interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth (Figs. 42, 53G–H).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum yellowish-brown, scattered with dozens dark dots, covered with tiny dark setae medially and long dark and pale setae laterally; mediolaterally with a pair of longitudinal short stripes, laterally with indistinct brown markings. Mesothorax with spiracles present on short stout brown sclerotized tubercle. Lateral meso- and metanotum each with two pairs of oblique dark brown stripes. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes 1.25 times as long as the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, posterior pair wider (Figs. 42, 54G–H).</p><p>Legs. Foreleg short, without marking. Midleg longer than fore- and hind leg, tibia dorsally with a dark brown marking. Hind leg without marking (Fig. 42C).</p><p>Abdomen. Pale to pale yellowish-brown. Each dorsal segment medially with a pair of irregular dark brown markings and dozens dark dots. Segments 1–6 each medially with a short dark brown stripe, gradually faded (Fig. 42A); ventral segment 8 with a pair of dark brown markings. Each segment with a pair of small tubercular setiferous processes on lateral margin (Fig. 42B). Segment 9 triangular, as long as wide; both dorsally and ventrally each with a pair of dark brown spots; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55D).</p><p>Material examined. Adult: 1♀, CHINA: Gansu, Gannan, Thebo County [źǒ县], Lazikou Town [OiŦ口 ḍ], 1700 m, 12.VIII.1980, Chikun Yang (holotype of Epacanthaclisis amydrovittata Wan &amp; Wang, 2010) (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Gansu, Longnan, Kangxian County [Ṝ县], Qiujiaba [õẕ坝], 26.VII.2011, Xiao Zhang (CAU) . 2♀, CHINA: Gansu, Longnan, Wenxian County [Ž县], Liujiaping County [刘ẕ坪乡], 2100 m, 27.VI.1998, Decheng Yuan (CAU) . 3♂ 2♀, CHINA: Gansu, Longnan, Wenxian County, Baishuijiang National Natural Reserve [HAEȕ国ẕẘuḦ保ae区], Baimahe Station [HḶñạ], 2100 m, 26.VII.2011, Sipei Liu (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Gansu, Gannan, Zhugqu County [Ḃs县], Chagang Township [ĒṄ乡], 1800 m, 12.VII.2018 (CAU) . 1♂, reared from a pupa, CHINA: Sichuan, Aba, Lixian County [Ẵ县], Putou Town ["头ḍ], Sidanan Village [四大南ť], 1900 m, 12.V.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Sichuan, Aba, Jiuzhaigou County [九ḁŝ县], 1406 m, 2.VIII.2011, Sipei Liu (CAU) . 2♂, same locality as above, 2050 m, 10.VII.2010, H.A. Coene &amp; R. Vis (RMNH) . 1♀, CHINA: Sichuan, Aba, Jiuzhaigou County, Nanping Town [南坪ḍ], 2000 m, 16.VII.1986, Gang Chen (paratype of Epacanthaclisis amydrovittata Wan &amp; Wang, 2010) (CAU) . 1♀, same information as above (CAU) . 2♀, same location as above, VII.17.1986, Xiaochun Zhang (CAU) . 1♂ 4♀, same location as above, 2–17.VII.2002, Fuming Shi (CAU) . Larva: 1 1st instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, CHINA: Aba, Wenchuan County [Ŕm县], Qiangrengu Valley [Ɩ人谷], Dongmen Kou [东LJ口], 1500 m, 11.V.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 1 2nd instar larva and 2 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, CHINA: Aba, Wenchuan County, Qiangrengu Valley, Longxi County [Īâ 乡], 1700 m, 11.V.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) . 3 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol and 2 3rd instar larvae still rearing, CHINA: Sichuan, Aba, Lixian County, Bipenggou [Ẹȇŝ], 2200–2500 m, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Gansu, Sichuan).</p><p>Biology. The larvae of E. banksi inhabit rocky platforms with deep thick sand, completely hidden themselves into the thick sand, ambushing preys. The habitat of this species is relatively restricted, occurring only in the microhabitat of the Longmenshan geological fault zone (Fig. 41).</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to E. ningshana, but E. banksi can be distinguished from the latter by the dark line on pronotal pale yellowish-brown part shorter, the male abdominal terga 3–4 mostly pale yellow, the male tergum 5 medially with an indistinct brownish marking, the external margin of male internal gonocoxites 9 rounded, the angle of male internal gonocoxites 9 larger in ventral view, the female posterior goncoxites 8 short digitiform and concave internally, the female gonapophyses 8 slender ribbon-shaped and internally sharp, and the larval mandibular teeth and mesothoracic setiferous processes longer. In E. ningshana, the dark line on the pronotal pale yellowish-brown part is longer, the male abdominal tergum 3 has two pair of brown markings, the posterior male abdominal tergum 4 is brown, the male abdominal tergum 5 is generally brown, the external margin of male internal gonocoxites 9 are relatively straight, the angle of male internal gonocoxites 9 are smaller in ventral view, the female posterior goncoxites 8 are digitiform, the female gonapophyses 8 are wide transversal ribbon-shaped and internally curved, and the larval mandibular teeth and mesothoracic setiferous processes are shorter. Besides, there is geographical isolation between these two species: E. banksi is distributed only in the Qionglai and Minshan mountain ranges, whereas E. ningshana is found in the Qingling and Taihangshan mountain ranges.</p><p>Ao et al. (2010) published E. amydrovittata Wan &amp; Wang, 2010 from Minshan mountain ranges with only two female specimens. Based on our comparison, the types of E. amydrovittata differs from the typical E. banksi only in the forewing rhegma, with all other characters being identical. However, E. banksi actually exhibits some variation in its wing markings (Fig. 42). We also examined some specimens of E. banksi with transitional wing markings similar to those of E. amydrovittata at the type locality of the latter. Hence, we treat E. amydrovittata as a junior synonym of E. banksi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFBA9C3D56FFFB98FE04FBD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFB19C3E56FFFB0CFB61F8A2.text	03EB87D8FFB19C3E56FFFB0CFB61F8A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis longwai Zheng, Hayashi & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis longwai Zheng, Hayashi &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 2P, 39H, 44, 49B)</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex anteriorly with three black spots fused with a medial transversal black band, posteriorly with three transversal spots, the middle one fused with the medial band. Pronotum pale brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of oblique long dark lines; lateral margin black. Fore and mid tibial spurs reaching tip of tarsomere 4. Wings infuscate. Male abdominal terga 3–4 mostly brown, each anteriorly pale yellowish-brown with a pair of indistinct longitudinal short brownish spots; tergum 5 mostly brown, anteriorly with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots, anteromedial margin with a pair of tufts of bristles. Male internal gonocoxites 9 nearly wide trapezoid in cephalic view; ectoproct expanded.</p><p>Description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.34–2.44 mm; forewing length: 31.65–32.65 mm; hindwing length: 32.56–33.33 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex anteriorly with three black spots fused with a medial transversal black band; posteriorly with three transversal spots, the middle one fused with the medial band. Dark brown marking around scape (Fig. 44C). Scape pale brown, with a dark brown marking; pedicel pale brown; flagellum mostly pale yellowish-brown on basal part and gradually darken distally, non-swollen flagellomeres each with a dark circular marking, swollen flagellum mostly dark brown. Frons generally pale yellowish-brown (Fig. 44B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellowish-brown. Labial palpus pale yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale brown and dark brown. Pronotum pale brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of oblique long dark lines; lateral margin black; laterally covered with long pale and dark setae. Mesoprescutum generally black with a pair of lateral pale brown spots and a medial short pale brown line; mesonotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of pale brown markings, a pair of longitudinal dark brown lines present on the pale brown markings; mesoscutellum generally pale yellowish-brown, anterolaterally with a pair of subtriangular black markings, lateral margin black. Metanotum dark brown and pale brown; metascutellum medially pale brown, laterally black (Fig. 44C). Pleurae dark brown and pale brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with an indistinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomeres 2–4 generally dark brown; tarsomere 5 basally pale yellow, distally black, as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a longitudinal dark brown stripe; tibia pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally and distally each with a dark brown marking; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 4. Midleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally with a dark brown marking; tibia pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally and distally each with a dark brown marking; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 4. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally with a dark brown marking; tibia mostly pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally with an indistinct dark brown spot and distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 44A).</p><p>Wings. Infuscate, with some markings. Hindwing slightly longer than forewing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma various, as an oblique dark brown stripe, sometimes curved; cubital area basally with an short oblique dark brown stripe; posterior margin with many scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells biloculate; RP with nine branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma indistinct; posterior margin with many scattered dots; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 39H, 44A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown; terga 3–4 mostly brown, each anteriorly pale yellowish-brown with a pair of indistinct longitudinal short brownish spots; tergum 5 mostly brown, anteriorly with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots, anteromedial margin with a pair of tufts of bristles, anteromedial margin with a pair of tufts of bristles; terga 6–8 pale yellow and brown (Figs. 2P, 49B). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 wide, nearly bell-shaped, constricted on distal part, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 44E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 externally rounded in ventral view, subtriangular in cephalic and lateral view; internal gonocoxites 9 nearly wide trapezoid, external margin rounded in cephalic view. Gonocoxites 11 widely triangular in caudal view; gonapophyses 11 tiny, U-shaped in ventral view (Figs. 44F–J). Ectoproct nearly long rectangular in dorsal view, boot-like in lateral view, expanded and rounded on distal margin, distal part covered with many curved stout setae (Figs. 44D–E). Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Anhui, Luan, Jinzhai County [aeḁ县], Nanxi Town [南âḍ], Mazongling Forestry Farm [Ḷḙńṳ场], Heshangping [和尚坪], 680 m, 15.VIII.2018, Yuchen Zheng (IZCAS) . Paratype ♂, same information as holotype (CAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui).</p><p>Etymology. This new species was collected by the first author during his undergraduate fieldwork in entomology class, under the supervision of his undergraduate entomology teacher Dr. Longwa Zhang (张Īö). In recognition of the guidance and assistance provided by Dr. Zhang during the first author’s undergraduate studies, we named this new species in his honor.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is closely related to E. ningshana, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the vertex anteriorly with three black spots fused with a medial transversal black band, the wings infuscate, the male abdominal terga 3–4 mostly brown, the male external gonocoxites 9 with less strongly sclerotized, the external margin of male external gonocoxites 9 rounded in ventral view, and the male ectoproct distinct expand on distal margin. In E. ningshana, the vertex medial transversal black band is indistinct and discontinuous, the wings are generally hyaline, the male abdominal tergum 3 is generally pale yellowish-brown and has two pair of brown markings, the male external gonocoxites 9 have more strongly sclerotized, the external margin of male external gonocoxites 9 are relatively angular in ventral view, and the male ectoproct not expand on distal margin. Besides, there is a geographical isolation between these two species: E. longwai sp. nov. is distributed only in the Dabie mountain ranges, and E. ningshana is distributed in the Qingling and Taihangshan mountain ranges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFB19C3E56FFFB0CFB61F8A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFB49C3A56FFFF31FE80FD0E.text	03EB87D8FFB49C3A56FFFF31FE80FD0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis moiwana (Okamoto 1905)	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis moiwana (Okamoto, 1905)</p><p>(Figs. 2Q, 39C–D, 45, 49C)</p><p>Acanthaclisis moiwana Okamoto, 1905: 115 (type locality: Japan: “ ḮƜâ ” = [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jyozan]; holotype in SEHU). Matsumura, 1908: 40 ( Acanthaclisis). Okamoto, 1910: 286 ( Epacanthaclisis). Nakahara, 1913: 95 ( Epacanthaclisis). Okamoto, 1914: 250 ( Epacanthaclisis). Matsumura, 1931: 1156 ( Epacanthaclisis). Okamoto, 1932: 1533 ( Epacanthaclisis). Matsumura, 1933: 16 ( Epacanthaclisis). Banks, 1941: 2 ( Epacanthaclisis). Kuwayama &amp; Okamoto, 1950: 401 ( Epacanthaclisis). Hirai, 1955: 298 ( Epacanthaclisis). Kuwayama, 1960: 30 ( Epacanthaclisis). Kuwayama, 1962: 389 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ishihara 1970: 161 ( Epacanthaclisis). Stange, 1976: 297 ( Epacanthaclisis). Krivokhatsky, 1998: 40 ( Epacanthaclisis). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis). Ao et al., 2010: 51 (misidentification of the holotype of E. batangana). Yoshitomi et al., 2013: 2 ( Epacanthaclisis). Sekimoto, 2014: 38 ( Epacanthaclisis). Matsumoto et al., 2016: 102 ( Epacanthaclisis, larval record). Sekimoto &amp; Yoshizawa, 2016: 36 ( Epacanthaclisis). Wang et al., 2018: 53 (misidentification of the holotype of E. batangana). Ikeda &amp; Okui, 2017: 18 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 63 (misidentification of the holotype of E. batangana). Yang et al., 2023: 782 (misidentification of the holotype of E. batangana).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult. Vertex generally dark brown, anteriorly with three dark brown spots (Fig. 45C); scape and pedicel generally dark brown (Fig. 45B). Pronotum pale brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal curved dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of oblique long dark lines on pale brown part; lateral margin black (Fig. 45C). Metanotum mostly dark brown. Wings long ovoid, hindwing slightly longer than forewing. Forewing rhegma as a distinct oblique dark brown stripe; cubital area basally with an indistinct dark brown marking. Hindwing rhegma as a short oblique dark brown stripe (Figs. 39C–D, 45A). Male abdominal terga 1–2 mostly dark brown; tergum 3 generally yellowish-brown, medially with a slender longitudinal line, posteriorly with a pair of indistinct dark brown spots; tergum 4 generally yellowish-brown, anteriorly with a pair of indistinct dark brown spots, posteriorly with a subtriangular dark brown marking; tergum 5 without anterior pair of tufts of bristles, mostly dark brown, anteriorly yellowish-brown (Figs. 2Q, 49C). Male external gonocoxites 9 rounded in ventral view, nearly trapezoid, external margin truncate and slightly concave in cephalic view; the angle of internal gonocoxites 9 parallel in ventral view, and nearly rhomboidal, posterior margin protruded in cephalic view; gonocoxites 11 widely arrow-shaped (Figs. 45H–L); ectoproct rounded rhomboidal in lateral view, weakly expanded on distal margin (Figs. 45D–E). Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 long digitiform, distally covered with stout long setae; gonapophyses 8 transversal ribbon-like, internally constricted; gonocoxites 9 covered with short, stout setae (Figs. 45F–G). 3rd instar larva. (based on Matsumoto et al. 2016) Head as long as wide; dorsal head anteriorly with a pair of oblique black bands, posteriorly with a pair of V-shaped black markings, a pair of indistinct dark brown markings fused with anterior pair bands and posterior pair markings; ventral head with a pair of indistinct brownish markings. Mandibular teeth relatively short. Pronotum yellowish-brown, anteriorly with a pair of small black markings, posteriorly with a pair of short black lines, lateral margin generally black. Meso-, metanotum, and dorsal abdominal segments each with a pair of oblique dark brown bands and many dark brown dots. Mesothoracic setiferous processes digitiform, metathoracic setiferous processes tuberculate; anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes curved, 1.2 times as long as the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, the posterior pair wider.</p><p>Re-description of adult. See Sekimoto (2014).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. See Matsumoto et al. (2016).</p><p>Material examined. 1♂, JAPAN: Kyushu, Kumamoto County, Yatsushiro City [Â代Ū], Izumi-machi Momigi [ṖḃữÍ], 7–8.VII.2012, N. Kikuchi (IZCAS) . 1♀, JAPAN: Honshu, Saitama County, Chichibu City [óẍŪ], 19.VIII.2014, Hiroaki Kurushima (HFC) . 1♂, JAPAN: Shikoku, Ehime County, Toon City [xẚŪ], Kumakogen Town [久万¾原ḃ], Mt. Saragamine [皿ケ¼], 30.VII.2023, Xiaofeng Li (ZCAU) . 1♀, JAPAN: Honshu, Tokyo, Okutama-machi [奥多Ệḃ], Nippara [B原], 11.IX.2018, Hidemori Yazaki (IZCAS) . 2♀, same locality as above, 19.IX.2019, Hidemori Yazaki (HFC) . 1♀, same locality as above, 26.VIII.2020, Hidemori Yazaki (HFC) . 1♂, JAPAN: Tokyo, Okutama-machi, 29.VII.1997, Tadashi Kubota (HFC) . 1♂, JAPAN: Tsushima Is., Kamitsushima [上n'ḡ], Kounoki-yama [Î之ÍƜ], 8.VII.2018, M. Kimura (HFC) .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Is.).</p><p>Biology. The larval habitat of this species generally is beneatha thin layer of silt and where it stays slightly concealed keeping the mandibles exposed and spread to capture passing prey. This species coexists with the pit-building myrmeleontina species Baliga micans (McLachlan, 1875) in a same habitat. (Matsumoto et al. 2016).</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguished by the absence of anterior pair of tufts of bristles on the swollen male abdominal tergum 5, whereas the pair of tufts of bristles are all present in other species of the E. moiwana group.</p><p>Ao et al. (2010), Wang et al. (2018), and Yang et al. (2018, 2023) mistakenly identified the mislabeled holotype of E. batangana (type status redefined by Yuchen Zheng, see remarks for this species) as E. moiwana from the Japanese Archipelago. In fact, these two species are only similar in their wing markings, but in the genus Epacanthaclisis, wing markings often show similarities among different species. In E. moiwana, the vertex posteriorly has three dark brown spots; the pronotum are pale brown and dark brown, medially has a pair of adjacent longitudinal curved dark brown stripes, laterally has a pair of oblique long dark lines on the pale brown part, and lateral margin is black; the hindwing is slightly longer than forewing; and the female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 is long digitiform; while in E. batangana, the vertex is mostly dark brown; the pronotum medially has a narrowed pale brown spot and laterally has three pair of different size pale brown markings, the forewing is slightly longer than hindwing, and the female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 is short digitiform and slender. Additionally, there is a distinct biogeographical difference between the distribution of E. moiwana (type locality: Hokkaido, Japan) and E. batangana (type locality: Shaluli Mountains, Sichuan). Therefore, E. moiwana is an endemic species of the Japanese Archipelago and not distributed in China. The only record of E. moiwana in China is the holotype of E. batangana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFB49C3A56FFFF31FE80FD0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFB69C2056FFFD70FEFDFAAD.text	03EB87D8FFB69C2056FFFD70FEFDFAAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis ningshana Wan & Wang 2010	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis ningshana Wan &amp; Wang, 2010</p><p>(Figs. 1F, 2R, 39E–G, 46–48, 49D, 53I–J, 54I–J, 55E)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis ningshana Wan &amp; Wang in Ao et al., 2010: 53 (type locality: China: Shaanxi, Ankang, Ningshan County, Huoditang; holotype in CAU). Liu &amp; Yang, 2018: 260 ( Epacanthaclisis). Wang et al., 2018: 54 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2018: 63 ( Epacanthaclisis). Yang et al., 2023: 783 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult: Vertex anteriorly with three black spots, medially with an indistinct black marking, posteriorly with three transversal spots. Pronotum pale brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of oblique long dark lines; lateral margin black. Fore and mid tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 4. Wings hyaline with dark markings. Male abdominal tergum 3 generally pale yellowish-brown, with two pair of brown markings; tergum 4 anteriorly pale yellowish-brown, posteriorly brown; tergum 5 mostly brown, anteriorly pale yellow, anteromedial margin with pair of tufts of bristles. Male internal gonocoxites 9 narrowed trapezoid in cephalic view; ectoproct weakly expanded. Female posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 digitiform, curved; gonapophyses 8 transversal ribbon-shaped, internally curved and constricted. 3rd instar larva. Body pale yellowish-brown. Head as long as wide; dorsal head anteriorly with a curved transversal black band, medially with dark dots, posteriorly with a pair of V-shaped brown markings; ventral head medially with a pair of indistinct brownish markings. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes short digitiform, slightly longer than the posterior pair. Meso-, metanotum, and dorsal abdominal segments each with a pair of brown markings and many black and dark brown dots.</p><p>Re-description of adult. Size. Head width: 2.08–2.54 mm; forewing length: 30.78–36.32 mm; hindwing length: 31.46–36.96 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex anteriorly with three black spots, medially with an indistinct black marking, posteriorly with three transversal spots (Fig. 46C). Dark brown marking around scape. Scape pale brown, with a dark brown marking; pedicel pale brown; flagellum mostly pale yellowish-brown on basal part and gradually darken distally, non-swollen flagellomeres each with a dark circular marking, swollen flagellum mostly dark brown. Frons generally pale yellowish-brown, anteriorly dark brown and brown, dark part medially concave (Fig. 46B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus dark brown, distal segment orange. Labial palpus pale yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pale brown and dark brown. Pronotum pale brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of oblique long dark lines; lateral margin black; laterally covered with long pale and dark setae. Mesoprescutum generally black with a pair of lateral pale brown spots; mesonotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of pale brown markings, a pair of longitudinal dark brown lines present on the pale brown markings; mesoscutellum black, posteriorly with three connected pale brown spots. Metanotum dark brown with a pair of pale brown markings; metascutellum generally black, posteriorly pale brown (Fig. 46C). Pleurae dark brown and pale brown.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with an indistinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomeres 2–4 generally dark brown; tarsomeres 1 and 5 generally pale yellow, distally black, tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, dorsally with a longitudinal dark brown stripe; tibia pale yellowish-brown, mediobasally and distally each with a dark brown marking; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 4. Midleg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally with a dark brown marking; tibia pale yellow, mediobasally and distally each with a dark brown marking; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 4. Hind leg: Femur pale yellowish-brown, distally black; tibia mostly pale yellow, mediobasally with an indistinct dark brown spot and distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg (Fig. 46A).</p><p>Wings. Generally hyaline, with some markings. Hindwing slightly longer than forewing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a dark brown marking proximad pterostigma; rhegma various, as an oblique dark brown stripe, sometimes curved; cubital area basally with an dark brown marking; posterior margin with many scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to six presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells biloculate; RP with 9–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing rhegma indistinct; posterior margin with many scattered dots; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 39E–G, 46A).</p><p>Abdomen. Male terga 1–2 generally dark brown; tergum 3 generally pale yellowish-brown, with two pair of brown markings; tergum 4 anteriorly pale yellowish-brown, posteriorly brown; tergum 5 mostly brown, anteriorly pale yellow, anteromedial margin with pair of tufts of bristles; terga 6–8 mostly dark brown (Figs. 2R, 49D). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 wide, nearly bell-shaped, constricted on distal part, distal part covered with long setae (Fig. 46E). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 externally angular in ventral view, subtriangular in cephalic and lateral view; internal gonocoxites 9 nearly narrowed trapezoid, external margin oblique truncate in cephalic view. Gonocoxites 11 arched arrow-shaped in caudal view; gonapophyses 11 tiny, U-shaped in ventral view (Figs. 46H–L). Ectoproct nearly short rectangular in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view, weakly expanded on distal margin, distal part covered with many curved stout setae (Figs. 46D–E). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 digitiform, curved, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 transversal ribbon-shaped, internally curved and constricted. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short stout tapered setae. Ectoproct subtriangular in lateral view (Figs. 46F–G).</p><p>Description of 3rd instar larva. Size. Body length (excluding mandible): 23.24–24.76 mm; head length: 5.92– 6.35 mm; head width: 5.90–6.32 mm; mandible length: 6.54–6.93 mm.</p><p>Head. As long as wide, laterally with long clavate setae. Clypeo-labrum generally brown; anterior margin covered with many pale dolichasters. Dorsal head anteriorly with a curved transversal black band, medially with dark dots, posteriorly with a pair of V-shaped brown markings; ventral head medially with a pair of indistinct brownish markings. Ocular tubercle prominent, black. Antennae brown, long and thin. Mandible longer than head, basally with six interdental mandibular setae; first tooth shorter than second tooth; second tooth as long as third tooth; two short interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth (Figs. 48, 53I–J).</p><p>Thorax. Laterally with long setae, those setae clavate on the tip. Pronotum yellowish-brown, scattered with dozens dark dots, covered with tiny dark setae medially and long dark and pale setae laterally; with indistinct brown markings. Mesothorax with spiracles present on short stout yellowish-brown sclerotized tubercle, lateral margin dark brown. Meso- and metanotum each with a pair of brown markings. Ventral meso- and metathorax each with a pair of dark brown markings. Anterior mesothoracic setiferous processes short digitiform, slightly longer than the posterior pair; metathoracic setiferous processes relatively short, tuberculate, posterior pair wider (Figs. 48, 54I–J).</p><p>Legs. Pale yellowish-brown. Foreleg short. Midleg longer than fore- and hind leg (Fig. 48C).</p><p>Abdomen. Generally pale yellowish-brown, medially pale yellow, laterally with long clavate setae. Each dorsal segments with a pair of brown markings and many black and brown dots; each ventral segments 1–7 with seven brown spots and many brown dots (Fig. 48A); ventral segment 8 with a pair of dark brown markings. Each segment with a pair of small tubercular setiferous processes on lateral margin (Fig. 48B). Abdominal segment 9 triangular, as long as wide; both dorsally and ventrally each with a pair of dark brown spots; short rastra with four pair of digging setae (Fig. 55E).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Shaanxi, Ankang, Ningshan County [÷ĸ县], Huoditang [Ẋ地塘], 5.VIII.1979, 1620 m, Yinheng Han (CAU) . Paratypes: 1♀, same location as holotype, 16.VIII.1984, Anmin Wang; 1♀, CHINA: same location as holotype, 18.VIII.1984, Jianglong Hou (CAU) ; 1♀, CHINA: same location as holotype, collected by a member of Northwest Agricultural College (CAU) ; 1♀, CHINA: same location as holotype, 14.VIII.1998, Decheng Yuan (CAU) ; 1♀, CHINA: same location as holotype, 16.VIII.1994, Guangsheng Zuo (CAU) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Adult: 1♂, CHINA: Beijing, Mentougou District [LJ头ŝ区], Xiaolongmen [小ĪLJ], 1.VIII.1992, Weiwei Zhang (CAU) ; 1♀, same locality as above, VIII.2019, Yunlong Ma &amp; Hongyu Li (CAU); 1♀, same locality as above, 21.VIII.1990, Meng Chen (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Beijing, Miyun District [ẑ云 区], Sihetang Township [四º堂乡], 25.VI.2005, Jialin Yu (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Hebei, Chengde, Xinglong County [ẌNj县], Shangshidong Township [上Ƌō乡], 24–28.VII.2012, Wei Li (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Henan (misspelling as “ Hainan ”) (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Jiyuan, Macaque Nature Reserve [ŨNuḦ保ae区], 21.VII.2020, Xingyue Liu (CAU) . 2♀, CHINA: Henan, Luoyang, Songxian County [嵩县], Mt. Baiyunshan [H云Ɯ], 25.VII.2002, Rong Bao (CAU) ; 1♂, same locality as above, 1500 m, 14.VII.2004, Zhiliang Wang (CAU); 1♀, same locality as above, 1500 m, 14.VIII.2008, Xingyue Liu (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Henan, Luoyang, Luanchuan [ẋm县], Longyuwan [Īěŵ], 7.VII.2019, Raorao Mo (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Henan, Luoyang, Songxian County, Mt. Tianchishan [天 ẼƜ], 1000 m, 13.VII.2004, Zhiliang Wang (CAU) . 1♂ 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Nanyang, Neixiang County [内乡 县], Baotianman [Ṫ天ª], 1350 m, 23.VII.2004, Zhiliang Wang (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Nanyang, Xishan County [Zṉ县], Junmahe Town [ṬḶñḍ], Zhaigen [ḁDz], 700 m, 26.VIII.1996, Xiaocheng Shen (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Sanmenxia, Lingbao County [NJṪ县], Mt. Yawushan [亚KƜ], 1200 m, 21.VIII.1996, Xiaocheng Shen (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Sanmenxia, Lingbao County, Yuling Town [予NJḍ], Mt. Yawushan, 634 m, 15.VIII.2020, Weihai Li &amp; Yanhua Yan (CAU) . 2♂ 5♀, CHINA: Shanxi, Linfen,</p><p>Yuanqu County [dzẅ县], Mt. Lishan [历Ɯ], Dahe Village [大ñť], 26.VII.2013, Tingting Zhang (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, same locality as above, 22–26.VII.2012, Zhenhua Zhang . 1♂ 1♀, CHINA: Shanxi, Linfen, Qinshui County [Ŵ AE县], Dahetan [大ñû], 15.VIII.2022, Jinyuan Yan (CAU) . 1♂ 1♀, CHINA: Shanxi, Linfen, Qinshui County, Zhuweigou [RDZŝ], 29.VII.2013, Tingting Zhang (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Shanxi, Huozhou, Qiliyu [七Ƃě], 1550 m, 28.VII.1972, Shuyong Wang (CAU) . CHINA: Shaanxi, Ankang, Ningshan County, Guanghuojie Town [Ḟḣ èḍ], 1180 m, 10.VII.2013, Yuqiang Xi (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Shaanxi, Baoji, Weibin District [āå区], Erliguan Village [二Ƃïť], Dasanguan [大ờï], 805 m, 7.VIII.2020, Bing Zhang (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Baoji, Fengxian County [凤县], near Jialingjiang River [嘉äȕ], 15.VIII.2013, Lu Jiang (CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Hanzhong, Foping County [佛坪县], Liangfengya [êū垭], 28.VI.1999, Jian Yao (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Shaanxi, Hanzhong, Foping County, 876 m, 16.VII.2007, Hongliang Shi &amp; Ganyan Yang (CAU) . 3♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Xian, Zhouzhi County [周ľ县], Houzhenzi Town [厚DŦḍ], 1297 m, 2.VIII.2015, Fan Yang (CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Shaanxi, Yanan, Huangling County [Wä县], Liuya Forestry Farm [Ḡžṳ 场], 950, 1.VIII.2019 (CAU) . 1♂, same locality as holotype, 14.VIII.1984, collected by a member of Northwest Agricultural College (CAU) . 1♀, same locality as holotype, 31.VIII.2018, Yingqi Liu &amp; Zhuo Chen (CAU) . Larvae: one 3rd instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, CHINA: Beijing, Haidian District [ėî区], CHINA: Beijing Botanical Garden [北京ḏṱ 园], Wofosi [卧佛ủ], 100 m, 7.IV.2021, Yuchen Zheng &amp; Chao Wu (ZCAU) . One dried 3rd instar larva, CHINA: Beijing, Changping District [ēṮ区], Nankou Town [南口ḍ], Huyu Village [Ȇěť], 600 m, 17.IV.2023, Yuchen Zheng (CAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi).</p><p>Biology. The larvae of this species were found in deep soil and sandy debris beneath a rock wall (Fig. 47).</p><p>Remarks. Ao et al. (2010) described E. ningshana based on six specimens from Ningshan (Shaanxi) but identified all other specimens of the E. moiwana species group distributed in North China as E. continetalis (type locality in Kashmir). However, based on our examination, we found that the specimens that were identified as E. continetalis from northern China by Ao et al. (2010), Liu &amp; Yang (2018), Wang et al. (2018), and Yang et al. (2018, 2023) are E. ningshana . Moreover, E. continetalis and E. ningshana do not belong to the same species group, as they exhibit significant morphological differences (see the keys to the species of Epacanthaclisis) and are geographically isolated. Moreover, a record of E. ningshana from Hainan Island in Ao et al. (2010), Wang et al. (2018), and Yang et al. (2018; 2023) is a mistake due to a misspelling of “ Henan ” on the collection label. Epacanthaclisis is not known to occur on Hainan Island. Furthermore, the living photo identified as Synclisis japonica (Hagen, 1866) in Yang et al. (2023) is E. ningshana .</p><p>Unplaced species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFB69C2056FFFD70FEFDFAAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
03EB87D8FFAC9C2C56FFFAE8FEE8F86C.text	03EB87D8FFAC9C2C56FFFAE8FEE8F86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epacanthaclisis batangana Yang 1992	<div><p>Epacanthaclisis batangana Yang, 1992</p><p>(Figs. 50–51)</p><p>Epacanthaclisis batangana Yang, 1992: 447 (type locality: China, Sichuan, Garze, Batang county; holotype in CAU). Ao et al., 2010: 49 ( Epacanthaclisis, declaration the holotype lost). Wang et al., 2018: 48 ( Epacanthaclisis, declaration the holotype lost). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons generally dark brown, pale yellowish-brown posteriorly. Pronotum dark brown, anteriorly with three pale yellowish-brown spots, posteriorly with a pair of large pale yellowish-brown markings, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish stripes. Mesoprescutum dark brown, laterally with two pair of pale yellowish-brown spots; mesoscutellum anteriorly dark brown, medioposteriorly pale yellowish-brown, posterior margin black. Fore femur generally dark brown.</p><p>Re-description of holotype. Size. Head width: 3.22 mm; forewing length: 45.21 mm; hindwing length: 44.46 mm.</p><p>Head. Vertex generally dark brown (Fig. 51C). Scape and pedicel each yellowish-brown, internally with a dark brown spot; basal flagellomeres each basally with a dark circular marking, distally pink, distally darken; swollen flagellum dark brown. Frons generally dark brown, pale yellowish-brown posteriorly (Fig. 51B). Clypeus pale yellowish-brown, covered with dark and pale setae. Labrum yellowish-brown. Maxillary palpus generally yellowish-brown. Labial palpus generally yellowish-brown, distal segment fusiform and generally dark brown, distal part yellowish-brown. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Dark brown with pale yellowish-brown markings. Pronotum dark brown, anteriorly with three pale yellowish-brown spots, posteriorly with a pair of pale yellowish-brown markings, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish stripes; laterally covered with pale hairs. Mesoprescutum dark brown, laterally with two pair of pale yellowish-brown spots; mesonotum damaged; mesoscutellum anteriorly dark brown, medioposteriorly pale yellowish-brown, posterior margin black. Metanotum generally dark brown (Fig. 51C). Pleurae generally dark brown, with pale yellowish-brown markings.</p><p>Legs. Covered with many pale and dark setae. All coxae pale yellowish-brown each with an indistinct dark spot; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; tarsomere 5 as long as entire length of tarsomeres 1–4; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Foreleg: femur generally dark brown; tibia generally dark brown and black, basally and medially with pale yellow markings; tibial spur reaching tip of tarsomere 3; tarsi generally dark brown. Midleg: Similar to foreleg. Hind leg: femur pale yellow, distally dark brown; tibia pale yellow, mediobasally with a dark brown spot, distally dark brown; tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3 (Fig. 51A).</p><p>Wings. Mostly hyaline, with some markings. Forewing longer than hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a distinct dark brown spot proximad pterostigma; rhegma as a slightly curved slender stripe; mediocubital area with indistinct scattered spots; cubital area basally with an oblique indistinct dark brown marking; marginal cubital area with scattered dots; costal, distal half of prefork and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; four to five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 10–11 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork; posterodistal margin slightly concave. Hindwing mostly hyaline; rhegma as a dark brown dot; tip of the MP and Cu fused part with a dark brown dot; two presectoral crossveins present (Figs. 50, 51A).</p><p>Abdomen. Female abdomen dark brown. Female genitalia. Pregenital plate slender tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 short digitiform, externally concave, covered with many long setae; gonapophyses 8 as transversal bands, internally curved and sharp. Gonocoxites 9 covered with short stout setae. Ectoproct appears narrowed and semicircular in lateral view (Figs. 51D–E).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, CHINA: Sichuan, Garze, Batang County [OE塘县], 2650 m, 13.VIII.1982, Xuezhong Zhang (CAU).</p><p>Additional material examined. Adult: 1♀, “Batang. (Tibet). Im Tal des Yangtze (ca. 2800 m), 5.7.1936. H. Höne ” = CHINA: Sichuan, Garze, Batang County (ZFMK) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. Ao et al. (2010) and Wang et al. (2018) mentioned that the holotype of E. batangana was lost. However, based on our comparison of original description and photo (Yang 1992) with all Epacanthaclisis specimens from CAU, we found that the holotype of E. batangana was not lost. Instead, this holotype was misidentified as the only specimen of E. moiwana (a Japanese endemic species not distributed in China) in CAU. Additionally, the collection label of E. batangana was somehow switched with that of an E. banksi specimen. In Ao et al. (2010) and Wang et al. (2018), the collection label of E. batangana was switched to “Jiuzhaigou County, Nanping Town”, matching the collection information of some E. banksi specimens. Meanwhile, a collection label of one E. banksi specimen matched the collection information in the original description of E. batangana . Furthermore, E. banksi is endemic to the Qionglai and Minshan mountain ranges and is not distributed in Batang, which is in the Shaluli mountain range. Therefore, we are confident that the only Chinese specimen identified as E. moiwana by Ao et al. (2010) is the holotype of E. batangana . Notably, Yang (1992) also incorrectly identified the female holotype as a male.</p><p>To date, male specimens of this species have yet to be recorded. The female holotype has short, external, concave digitiform posterior branches of gonocoxites 8, and its female gonocoxites 9 have short stout setae, which are like those of females in the E. moiwana group and the E. tuyuezhengi group. Until male specimens and fresh specimens are available, we cannot determine to which species this species belongs.</p><p>Key to species of Epacanthaclisis based on adult characters</p><p>1. Pronotum anteriorly with three pale yellowish-brown spots, posteriorly with a pair of large pale yellowish-brown markings, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish stripes............................................ E. batangana Yang, 1992</p><p>- Pronotum with other patterns............................................................................ 2</p><p>2. Hindwing 0.85 times as long as forewing. Male wings narrowed, blade-like. Male abdominal terga 4–5 barely swollen, without any special tuft setae or bristles. Male gonocoxites 9 as a pair of strongly sclerotized plates, internally with short tapered setae. Male ectoproct laterally expanded into digital projection, at least twice as wide as long....... 3 (the E. tuyuezhengi group)</p><p>- Hindwing at least 0.9 times as long as forewing. At least one of male abdominal terga 4–5 swollen, mostly with special tuft setae or bristles. Male gonocoxites 9 modified, divided into thick or strongly sclerotized external gonocoxites 9 and slightly sclerotized internal gonocoxites 9. Male ectoproct slightly or barely expanded..................................... 4</p><p>3. Pronotum laterally with three pairs of yellowish-brown spots. Male ectoproct twice as wide as long.......................................................................................... E. tuyuezhengi Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Pronotum laterally with a pair of discontinuous yellowish-brown stripes and a pair of continuous yellowish-brown stripes. Male ectoproct 2.5 times as wide as long............................................. E. zhihaoi Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>4. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Male abdominal tergum 4 with a pair of short stout tufts of bristles, the tip of the pair bristles mixed up in a ball of brown wool. Male gonocoxites 9 plate-like; gonocoxites 11 thin, arched............................................................................................... 5 (the E. continentalis group)</p><p>- Forewing subequal to or slightly longer than hindwing. Male abdominal tergum 4 without pair of short stout tufts of bristles. Male gonocoxites 9 as a pair of slender curved structures in ventral view; gonocoxites 11 extremely thick, as long as wide... .................................................................................................. 13</p><p>5. Anterior Banksian line of forewing present................................................................. 6</p><p>- Anterior Banksian line of forewing absent................................................................. 10</p><p>6. Male abdominal tergum 4 with less dark markings........................................................... 7</p><p>- Male abdominal tergum 4 medially and posteriorly dark....................................................... 9</p><p>7. Male abdominal terga 5–6 with many short dark brown stripes. Male external gonocoxites external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; gonostyli 11 flattened in lateral view.................................................................................................. E. liuyingqiae Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Male abdominal terga 5–6 mostly dark brown. Male external gonocoxites external gonocoxites 9 twice as wide as the internal part; gonostyli 11 not flattened in lateral view............................................................... 8</p><p>8. Pronotum with a pair of lateral pale yellowish-brown stripes reaching the anterolateral margin of pronotum; thicker part of male external gonocoxites 9 twice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 posteriorly not concave............................................................... E. darman Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Pronontum with a pair lateral pale yellowish-brown stripes not reaching the anterolateral margin of pronotum; thicker part of male external gonocoxites 9 thrice as wide as the internal part; internal gonocoxites 9 posteriorly concave................................................................................... E. victor Badano, Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>9. Pronotum anterolaterally with a pair of curved pale yellowish-brown markings, posterolaterally with a pair of pale yellowish-brown spots. Male abdominal tergum 5 pale, medially with a longitudinal dark brown marking. Male external gonocoxites 9 not protruded, and internal gonocoxites 9 barely concave in anteroventral view................................................................................... E. zhiweii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Pronotum medially with five yellowish spots, laterally with a pair of yellowish stripes. Male abdominal tergum 5 mostly dark brown. Male external gonocoxites 9 slightly protruded, and internal gonocoxites 9 concave in anteroventral view.......................................................... E. zuqii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>10. Vertex posteriorly with a triangular black marking. Female gonocoxites 8 only one pair....... E. alaica Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>- Vertex marking not triangular. Female gonocoxites 8 two pairs................................................ 11</p><p>11. Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, medially with a pair of adjacent longitudinal dark brown stripes; laterally with a pair of short dark lines; lateral margin black. Forewing rhegma as an oblique slender pale brownish stripe.............................................................................................. E. continentalis Esben-Petersen, 1935</p><p>- Pronotum pale yellowish-brown, with scattered dark brown markings. Forewing generally hyaline.................... 12</p><p>12. Pronotum anteriorly with a pair of curved transversal dark brown bands, medially with a pair of longitudinal short dark brown stripes, posterolaterally with a pair of indistinct short longitudinal dark brown stripes, and lateral margin with a pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes. Pterostigma pale................................... E. hamata Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>- Pronotum anteriorly with a pair of black spots, posteriorly with a pair of closed black markings, laterally with two pairs of longitudinal black stripes. Pterostigma yellowish-brown.......................... E. kuldurguch Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>13. Male abdominal segments 4–5 swollen; tergum 4 medially concave, and concave part with dense, relatively long setae. Male external gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized with a pair of a pair of membrane tubercles exteriorly.................................................................................................... 14 (the E. maculosa group)</p><p>- Only male abdominal segment 5 swollen. Male external gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized but without membrane tubercle................................................................................ 19 (the E. moiwana group)</p><p>14. Antenna and legs mostly black. Wings with many dark markings............................................... 15</p><p>- Antenna dark and pink, legs pale yellow and dark brown. Wings scattered with a few small markings.................. 18</p><p>15. Wings with many mostly distinct oblique thin markings...................................................... 16</p><p>- Wings with many mostly indistinct rounded markings....................................................... 17</p><p>16. Pronotum generally pale yellow, anteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots, laterally with two pairs of short dark brown stripes. Forewing rhegma and basal marking on cubital area fragmentary and smaller.................. E. maculata (Yang, 1986)</p><p>- Pronotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of oblique pale yellowish stripes. Forewing rhegma and basal marking on cubital area continuous and larger...................................... E. wuchaoi Zheng, Badano &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>17. Pronotum generally dark brown, medially and posterior margin indistinct yellow or orange. Wings long ovoid; forewing costal space with two rows of spots on basal half, distal half with one row of spots; marking on basal cubital area large and distinct. Male tergum 4 without dark spot. Male lateral ectoproct slightly expanded transversally, lateral margin with a longitudinal dark brown stripe..................................... E. jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Pronotum mostly yellow or orange with laterally dark brown. Forewing costal space with a row of spots on basal half; marking on basal cubital area as an indistinct dark brown spot. Sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking. Male lateral ectoproct barely expanded, without marking............................................ E. maculosa (Yang, 1986)</p><p>18. Pronotum generally yellowish-brown, laterally with a pair of dark brown spots, posterolateral margin with a pair of subtriangular dark brown marking. Sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking and covered with dense long setae. Male external gonocoxites 9 oblique rectangular in ventral view......................................... E. minana (Yang, 1999)</p><p>- Pronotum generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of pale yellowish dots and a pair of curved pale yellowish stripes. Sunk part of male tergum 4 without marking, covered with dense long black setae. Male external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view, with a pair of curved projection in caudal view...................... E. xiaohongae Zheng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>19. Male abdominal tergum 5 without anterior pair of tufts of bristles....................... E. moiwana (Okamoto, 1905)</p><p>- Male abdominal tergum 5 with anterior pair of tufts of bristles................................................. 20</p><p>20. Pale yellowish-brown part on pronotum wide. Male abdomen mostly pale yellow. Male internal gonocoxites 9 transversal in ventral view................................................................. E. banksi Krivokhatsky, 1998</p><p>- Pale yellowish-brown part on pronotum narrow. Male abdomen dark brown and pale yellow. Male internal gonocoxites 9 oblique............................................................................................ 21</p><p>21. Vertex anteriorly with three black spots fused with a medial transversal black band, posteriorly with three transversal spots, the middle one fused with the medial band. Wings infuscate with markings. Male abdominal tergum 3 pale yellowish-brown anteriorly and dark brown posteriorly................................... E. longwai Zheng, Hayashi &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>- Vertex anteriorly with three black spots, medially with an indistinct black marking, posteriorly with three transversal spots. Wings hyaline with markings. Male abdominal tergum 3 generally pale yellowish-brown, with two pair of brown markings.......................................................................... E. ningshana Wan &amp; Wang, 2010</p><p>Larva identification by molecular analysis</p><p>Larvae that were not identified through the rearing to the adult stage, were assigned to a species based on the results of COI barcodes (Fig. 52; Table 2). This approach eliminated the uncertainty due to sympatric species. The COI interspecific genetic divergence among the four sequenced Epacanthaclisis varies from 0.101 to 0.041. The intraspecific genetic divergence within E. zuqii sp. nov. specimens are always 0.000. The intraspecific genetic divergence within E. moiwana based on Matsumoto et al. (2016) from 0 to 0.012. The intraspecific genetic divergence within E. banksi varies from 0.000 to 0.002. The intraspecific genetic divergence within E. ningshana from 0.000 to 0.007.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87D8FFAC9C2C56FFFAE8FEE8F86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Yuchen;Badano, Davide;Aspöck, Ulrike;Aspöck, Horst;Hayashi, Fumio;Liu, Xingyue	Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio, Liu, Xingyue (2025): Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa 5657 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5657.1.1
