identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03ED878BD736FF8D25ABEF5FFAF1FD63.text	03ED878BD736FF8D25ABEF5FFAF1FD63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wolbachia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Detection of  Wolbachia infection </p>
            <p> PCR methods were employed to detect  Wolbachia infection in each population using genomic DNA extracted from  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus . Te detection of  Wolbachia infection was performed in two steps. Initially, PCR was used to amplify the  Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp). For specimens that did not yield amplification of the wsp gene, additional PCR targeting the 16S rDNA region of  Wolbachia was conducted. Samples that failed to amplify for 16S rDNA were considered to be negative for  Wolbachia infection. </p>
            <p>Te PCR protocol followed for amplification of the wsp gene was that reported by Zhou et al. [23], using the primer pairs wsp_81F (5 ′ -TGG TCC AAT AAG TGA TGA TGA AGA AAC- 3 ′) and wsp_691R (5 ′ -AAA AAT TAA ACG CTA CTC CA- 3 ′). Te PCR reaction mixture (total volume 25.0 μl) consisted of 1× PCR buffer, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.4 μM of each primer, 0.5 units of Taq HotStart DNA polymerase (TaKaRa) and 2 μl of extracted genomic DNA. Te PCR cycling conditions consisted of an initial denaturation at 94 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, 53 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 1 min, with a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min.</p>
            <p> PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA of  Wolbachia was performed using primers reported by Werren and Windsor [37] (WF: 5 ′ -CAT ACC TAT TCG AAG GGA TAG- 3 ′; WR: 5 ′ -AGC TTC GAG TGA AAC CAA TTC- 3 ′). Te reaction mixture for PCR amplification (total volume 25.0 μl) consisted of 1× PCR buffer, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.4 μM of each primer, 0.5 units of Taq HotStart DNA polymerase (TaKaRa) and 2 μl of extracted genomic DNA. Te PCR cycling conditions consisted of an initial denaturation at 94 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, 60 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 1 min, with a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min. </p>
            <p> Amplification of the wsp gene and 16S rDNA was confirmed by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gels. Samples that were successfully amplified were subjected to Sanger dideoxy sequencing (Macrogen). Te sequences of all wsp genes detected in  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus obtained in this study have been deposited in NCBI GenBank (GenBank accession numbers: wsp: PQ014158–PQ014189; 16S: PQ625809–PQ625837; PQ579157–PQ579160). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED878BD736FF8D25ABEF5FFAF1FD63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jeon, Jiseung;Kim, Heung Chul;Donnelly, Martin J.;Choi, Kwang Shik	Jeon, Jiseung, Kim, Heung Chul, Donnelly, Martin J., Choi, Kwang Shik (2024): Genetic diversity and WolbaChia infection in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector CUlex tritaeniorhynChUS in the Republic of Korea. Parasites & Vectors (518) 17 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06595-w, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06595-w
03ED878BD733FF8925ABEFC2FE8EFAE8.text	03ED878BD733FF8925ABEFC2FE8EFAE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wolbachia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Wolbachia infection in  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</p>
            <p> Wolbachia detection was initially performed by conducting PCR for the wsp gene. If  Wolbachia was not detected, a second PCR targeting the 16S rDNA region was conducted. If amplification also failed in the second PCR, the result was considered to be negative, i.e. no </p>
            <p> Wolbachia DNA. Te results from 12 regions of the ROK indicated that  Wolbachia was detected in 32 (10.2%) of the 313 individuals of  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus analyzed (Table 3). All 32  Wolbachia -positive individuals were from Ct-J, with none detected in the eight individuals from Ct-C. </p>
            <p> Wolbachia was identified in populations from five of the 12 regions. Phylogenetic analysis using ML based on the wsp sequence of  Wolbachia from the infected mosquitoes confirmed the presence of supergroup A and supergroup B (Fig. 5). Among the 32 mosquitoes that tested positive for  Wolbachia , two were infected with supergroup A and 30 were infected with Supergroup B. Supergroup A was found in Gimhae and Chungju, while supergroup B was identified in Gimhae, Chungju, Daegu (both in 2022 and 2023), Haenam and Wanju. Both supergroup A and supergroup B were present in Gimhae and Chungju. However, none of the 32 mosquitoes were found to be co-infected with both supergroup A and subgroup B. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED878BD733FF8925ABEFC2FE8EFAE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jeon, Jiseung;Kim, Heung Chul;Donnelly, Martin J.;Choi, Kwang Shik	Jeon, Jiseung, Kim, Heung Chul, Donnelly, Martin J., Choi, Kwang Shik (2024): Genetic diversity and WolbaChia infection in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector CUlex tritaeniorhynChUS in the Republic of Korea. Parasites & Vectors (518) 17 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06595-w, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06595-w
