taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E5C2316E7CC51D129F4A2AF24316C0.taxon	description	The genus Garcinia has a long historical, taxonomic, and economic background. Since Linnaeus (1753), many species have been subsequently added to the genus. At the same time, several authors described plants belonging to the genus under different generic names, which subsequently became conspecific with the taxa (Sweeney, 2008). This caused chaos in the nomenclature of these species. Also, many times, the earlier workers described species based on incomplete specimens and even without designating a type. Consequently, modern taxonomic revisions and studies have been undertaken in majority of the centres of diversity of the genus such as Malaysia (Nazre, 2006), Madagasscar (Sweeney & Rogers, 2008), Africa, (Sosef & Dauby, 2012), and Australia (Cooper, 2013). These studies, however, lacked an Indian perspective. Linnaeus (1753) named the genus Garcinia to honour Laurentius Garcin (1683 – 1752), a Dutch army doctor and naturalist in the Dutch Indies (Indonesia) during 1720 – 1729, who on his voyage to the Moluccas (Maluku Islands, Indonesia) made the first ever illustrated description of a fruit - bearing tree, which the locals called ‘ mangoustan’ (Garcin, 1733). Linnaeus named the plant Garcinia mangostana, and the illustration by Garcin was later designated by Hammel (1993) as the lectotype of the species. The common names used in the pre-Linnaean literature, such as Carcapuli (Acosta, 1585), Coddam-pulli (Rheede, 1678) and Mangoustan (Garcin, 1733), were later diagnosed as members of the family and named as Garcinia cambogioides, G. gummi-gutta and G. mangostana, respectively. Mangosteens (G. mangostana) may be one of the earliest plants to be recorded by Europeans. The name ‘ Mangustoes’ had appeared in Garcia de Orta’s (1563) Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia, which indicates its usage by the Portuguese in India (Burkill, 1935). Mangosteens were thought to be native to the Moluccas (Garcin, 1733) or Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia (Garcin, 1733; Rumphius, 1741). However, since it has never been found in wild (Whitmore, 1973; Richard, 1990), it was also suggested to represent a hybrid species (Nazre, 2006). The place of origin is thought to be Peninsular Malaysia because the closely allied species G. malaccensis Hook. f. and G. celebica L. are indigenous to this area (Richard, 1990). Mangosteen is believed to have been cultivated for hundreds of years in the Southeast Asian region (Ramage et al., 2004).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E76C513129F4CD4F76A1298.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to May; fruiting from April to June. Habitat: Semi-evergreen forests, near to rivulets, between 100 – 300 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Assam. Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Barpetta district, near Khaladia River, near Manas National Park, 100 m, 03.08.2015, P. S. Shameer 79679 (TBGT); Darrang district, Changoria, 22.04.1895, s. coll. 11174 (ASSAM); Kalahari, 76 m, 01.04.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 3726 (ASSAM). Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 2021). Uses: The fruits are edible and used for making pickles by locals in Assam (Baruah et al., 2021). Notes: Garcinia assamica is morphologically allied to G. nigrolineata Planch. ex T. Anderson, an Indo-Malayan species found in almost the same ecological conditions, in the arrangement of flowers on axillary short spikes; arrangement of stamens on a convex disc and number and arrangement of staminodes in pistillate flowers. But it is distinct from the latter in having greenish-yellow (not yellowish) exudate; 2 – 5 pistillate flowers fascicled at nodes against solitary flowers; 4 – 5 - loculed ovary against 5 – 7 - loculed ovary; turbinate and smooth fruits against globose and vertically grooved surface, and fruit tip mamillate against round tip.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E76C513129F4CD4F76A1298.taxon	distribution	Distribution: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore. Specimens examined: MALAY PENINSULA, 153 m, April 1880, H. Kunstler 1452 (CAL); 153 m, April 1881, King’s coll. 1652 (CAL); Perak, s. d., L. Wray 2756 (CAL). SINGAPORE, 21.10.1929, Nees s. n. (MH [MH 89869]). THAILAND, Siam, August 1923, A. F. G. Kerr 7477 (TCD 0010444 digital image!); Siam, March 1928, A. F. G. Kerr 14913 (TCD 0010445 digital, image!); Siam, April 1931, Lakshnakara, Mom Chao 734 (TCD 0010446 digital image!). Uses: The exudate from fruit is used as a fixative in dyeing silk. Fruit rind is edible, used in curries (Maheshwari, 1964). Dioecious evergreen trees, to 20 m tall; exudation Notes: Maheshwari (1964) cited the ‘ Type: Griffith, colourless; branchlets robust, terete. Petioles 1.5 – 2 Kew distrib. 862, Tabong, Upper Assam (K) ’; cm long, slender, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina whereas Kanjilal et al. (1934), Singh (1993) and Hajra oblong-lanceolate, 12 – 20 × 5 – 8 cm, cuneate at base, et al. (1996) give locality as Assam and Arunachal margins entire, obtuse to shortly acuminate at apex; Pradesh. But other than the type specimen, we midribs raised on both sides; lateral veins numerous, could not find any specimens from Indian regions, c. 50 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces. Staminate deposited in any herbaria. Hence other than the flowers tetramerous, in few flowered, terminal literature evidence, the occurrence of the species in racemes, 2 – 2.5 cm in diam., pedicels 0.75 – 2 cm long, Indian region is yet to be confirmed. slender; sepals pale yellow with red tinge inside, 0.8 – Garcinia cadelliana King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 1 cm long, orbicular, concave, membranous; petals 59: 154. 1890; C. E. Parkinson, Forest. Fl. Andaman deep red, 1 – 1.5 cm long, obovate, concave; stamens Islands 90. 1923; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. numerous, in a globose mass, inserted on a thin India 6: 135. 1964; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & annular fleshy receptacle; rudimentary pistil broad Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 107. 1993; Hajra et cylindric. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, terminal, al., Fl. Andaman Islands 1: 137. 1999; Dagar & solitary, rarely geminate, 2.5 – 3 cm in diam.; N. T. Singh, Pl. Resour. Andaman & Nicobar Isl. pedicels 1.5 – 2.5 cm long, slender; sepals orbicular, 2: 417. 1999. G. lanessanii Pierre var. β cadelliana concave, similar to staminate flowers; petals deep (King) Vesque in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: red, concave, fleshy, 0.8 – 1.2 cm, smaller than 359. 1893. Lectotype (designated here): INDIA, staminate flowers; staminodes numerous, united in Andaman Islands, South Andaman district, near a thin fleshy wavy annulus round the ovary; ovary Port Blair, Hills rocky place, 30.07.1884, King’s oblong or sub-globose, ribbed, 0.8 – 1 cm diam., coll. 371 (CAL [CAL 0000208116!]; isolecto CAL 8 – 16 - locular; stigma deep red, thick, fleshy, convex, [CAL 0000208117!], K [K 000677632 digital 4 - lobed. Berries depressed globose, 6 – 10 cm in image!], GDC [G 00458416 digital image!]). FiG. 4 diam., slightly 9 – 13 - grooved, green, turning bright yellow on ripening, crowned by sessile, concave, Dioecious semi-evergreen trees, 8 – 10 m tall; ribbed stigma. Seeds 6 – 10 or more, enclosed in young branches slender, terete. Petioles 6 – 7 cm translucent bright orange pulpy aril. long, transversely rugose, with longitudinal ridges, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina elliptic to elliptic- Vernacular names: Gelugor, Som-khaek (Assamese). oblong, 8.5 – 14 × 4 – 7 cm, cuneate at base, margins Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from April to June; revolute, sub-acute at apex, coriaceous; midribs fruiting from July to September. raised on both sides; lateral veins conspicuous, 10 – 12 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces. Staminate flowers 3 – 8, in axillary fascicles, tetramerous, 0.5 – 0.6 cm in diam.; pedicels 0.2 – 0.25 cm long, stout; sepals almost orbicular, 0.15 – 0.2 cm in diam., margin membranaceous; petals obovate-orbicular, 0.2 – 0.3 cm long, concave; stamens 4 - phalangiate, stamens indefinite in each phalange; rudimentary pistil slender, fungiform. Pistillate flowers and fruits not known. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to August; fruiting not seen. Habitat: Evergreen forests, at 850 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Andaman Islands. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 1998). Typification: King (1890) cited the specimen Andamans, King’s coll. 137 in the protologue, without mentioning where it is deposited. We could locate four specimens under this collection number, two housed at CAL (CAL 0000208116, CAL 0000208117), one deposited at K (K 000677632) and one at GDC (G 00458416). The sheet CAL 0000208116 with a detailed description by the author is designated here as the lectotype. Notes: Known only from the type collection, which is a male specimen. King noted in the protologue, ‘ pistillate flowers and fruits unknown’. Maheshwari (1964) treated it as a doubtful species. Singh (1993) included this species with the comment ‘ it is best kept as a distinct species until fresh collections are made’. Hajra et al. (1999) and Dagar and Singh (1999) also included the species in their floristic accounts.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E76C513129F4CD4F76A1298.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to February; fruiting not seen. Habitat: Sea shore vegetation of Kamorta Island of Nicobar. Distribution: Endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Notes: After the original collection made in 1875, no further collections were reported.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E76C513129F4CD4F76A1298.taxon	description	Garcinia gutta Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1: t. 44. 1840, excl. syn.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E72C50C11244AECF5611200.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Mysore gamboges tree, Indian gamboges tree (English); Chikiri, Daramba, Iravi, Karukkampuli, Makki (Malayalam); Makki, Solaippuli (Tamil); Hardala, Devampuli, Jarize, Arsina gurgi (Kannada); Kuji-thekera (Assamese). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to January; fruiting from February to April. Habitat: Common onstream sides in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, up to 1100 m elevation. Distribution: Indo-Malaya. Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, East Siang district, Pasighat, 05.02.1912, I. H. Burkill 36754 (CAL). Assam, Cachar district, Bhuban hill, 02.12.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 4797 (CAL); South West Garo Hill district, Tura, 14.02.1886, C. B. Clarke 43109 (CAL); Rani Dawa bang, 16.01.1912, I. H. Burkill 37498 (CAL). Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Horanadu R. F., near Jain temple area, 27.02.1984, E. Vajravelu 77872 (MH); Kemmengundi, 1425 m., 01.12.1983, K. V. Asha 1299 (CALI); Saingeri, 850 m., 09.11.1983, V. A. Vasantha 1040 (CALI). Shimoga district, Agumbe, 850 m., 28.11.1983, K. Shanthi 1041 (CALI); Uttara Kannada district, April, 1883, W. A. Talbot 376 (BSI, CAL); Garisoppah, 30.11.1884, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Ibid. 15.05.1896, W. A. Talbot 1896 (BSI); Ibid. November 1900, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Ibid. 01.02.1892, W. A. Talbot 2662 (BSI); North Canara, May 1929, T. R. Bell 5985 (BLAT); North Canara, 18.05.1954, H. Santapu 18567 (BLAT); ibid. 18.05.1954. R. P. Patil 627 (DD); Yellapur, North Canara, April, 1939, N. L. Bor 9555 (DD). Kerala, Kollam district, Colaturpolay (Kulathupuzha), 23.01.1896, T. F. Bourdillon 734 (FRC); Ibid., 17.02.1904, s. coll. s. n. (TBGT [TBGT 02248]); Naduvannorkadavu near Choodal bridge, 02.06.1964, K. N. Subramanian 1548 (FRC); Kulathupuzha, Arippa, 150 m, 03.08.1981, N. Sasidharan 1470 (KFRI); Malappuram district, Thalichola, 10.04.1982, Philip Mathew 28439 (CALI); Karuvarakundu, 16.06.1982, Philip Mathew 33368 (CALI); Nilambur, Nadukani, 525 m, 14.02.1985, N. Sasidharan 3342 (KFRI); Palakkad district, Attapadi hills, 28.10.1910, C. E. C. Fischer 2365 (CAL); Chenathnair Reserve, Palakkad, 11.12.1920, C. E. C. Fischer 4570 (CAL); Way to Silent valley Dam, 28.06.1976, P. Bharghavan 47238 (MH); Mukkali forest, 05.11.1976, E. Vajravelu 48852 (MH); R. F. above Dam site, Silent Valley, 09.04.1978, N. C. Nair 56703 (MH); Way to Aruvampara Estate, 24.04.1980, V. J. Nair 67281 (MH); Dam site to Valiyapara thode, 05.12.1980, N. C. Nair 69118 (MH); Dam site to Veliyaparathode, 05.12.1980, N. C. Nair 69118 (MH); Bank of Kumattan thode, Silent Valley, 17.03.1984, N. C. Nair 81269 (MH); Attappady, Manthampotti, + 500 m, 15.11.1985, N. Sasidharan 3615 (KFRI); Wallakkadavu, Silent Valley, 02.02.1994, Jomy Augustine 13193 (KFRI); Silent Valley National Park, MPCA, 08.03.2003, C. Kunhikannan & N. Venkatasubramanian 14833 (FRC); Palakkad, Silent Valley, Wallakkad, 18.11.2014, P. S. Shameer 79660 (TBGT); Ibid, 16.12.2014, P. S. Shameer 79665 (TBGT); Thiruvananthapuram district, Bonacord, 29.05.1989, N. Mohanan 8416 (TBGT); Attayar, 02.03.1991, N. Mohanan 10564 (TBGT); Chemmunji Hills, 22.01.2014, P. S. Shameer 79610 (TBGT); Thrissur district, Kodakkalthodu, Thatchnaduvu area, Palapitty range, Chalakudy, 24.02.1982, K. N. Subramanian 7989 (FRC); Payampara area, Palapitty range, Chalakkudy, 24.02.1982, K. N. Subramanian 7974 (FRC); Peechi, Vengappara, 425 m, 19.12.1988, N. Sasidharan 5045 (KFRI); Wayanad district, Kambamala, Begur Range, Wayanad forest Division, 06.05.1983, N. Venkatasubramanian 9370 (FRC). Meghalaya, United Khasi & Jaintia Hills district, s. d., G. Gallatly 252 (CAL); Khasia, J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson s. n., (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Anamalais, 28.10.1901, C. A. Barber 3874 (MH); Udumanparai, Anamalais, 03.05.1903, C. A. Barber 5750, 5760 (MH); Nilgiri district, Devala s. d., Weddermann s. n. (MH); Iyyerpadi, 20.02.1901, C. A. Barber 3831 (MH); Thirunelveli district, Kannikatty, 21.02.1913, D. Hooper & M. S. Ramaswami 39433 (CAL); Kannikatty, 19 Mach 1917, s. coll. 14653 (MH); SRI LANKA, March 1883, s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 60489]. Without precise locality, s. d., s. coll. s n., (MH [MH 60488]); Ibid., BM 000946508 (BM, image!). Uses: The butter extracted from seed is used in cooking, confectionary, substitute of ghee, candle making and medicine. Resin is a commercial source of yellow pigment for colouring varnishes and for dyeing silk fabrics (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6DC50D112A4E23F44B1021.taxon	description	Dioecious trees; exudate yellowish. Branches drooping; branchlets terete. Lamina lanceolate or elliptic-oblong or obovate, 7 – 13 × 2.7 – 4.1 cm, attenuate at base, margins entire, acuminate or cuspidate-bend at tip; midrib raised abaxially, impressed adaxially; secondary veins 8 – 12 pairs, slightly visible on upper surface only. Staminate flowers tetramerous, 0.8 – 1 cm diam.; stamens in a tetragonous mass. Pistillate flowers greenish white, solitary or in clusters of 2 – 4 terminal and axillary fascicles, 1 – 1.2 cm in diam., sessile. Sepals 4, almost equal, 0.25 – 0.3 × 0.2 – 0.35 cm; petals 4, ovate, imbricate, 0.8 – 0.9 × 0.4 – 0. 45 cm, greenish white, margins fimbriate, 0.3 – 0.5 cm long; staminodes 0.2 – 0.25 cm long, united in lower half and enveloping ovary base; ovary obovate, quadrangular, 5 – 6 - loculed, not grooved; style 0.1 – 0.2 cm long; stigma white, indistinctly 5 – 6 - lobed. Berries oblong-ovoid, 5 – 6 × 4 – 5 cm, with 1 – 1.2 cm long curved tip. Seeds oblong, 2 – 4, compressed. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from March to April; fruiting from April to May. Habitat: Evergreen forests, up to 200 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Assam (India).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6CC50A129F4C42F7761655.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from March to April; fruiting from May to June. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, up to 200 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Assam (India).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6CC50A129F4C42F7761655.taxon	description	Habitat: Evergreen forests, above 900 m elevation, usually on stream sides. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Uttara Kannada district, North Kanara, 02 / 01 / 1892, s. coll. 2662 (CAL). Kerala, Wayanad district, Puthoorvayal, Manikunu Mala, 25.07.2012, P. S. Shameer 86640 (TBGT); Kuruva Island, 20.11.2014, P. S. Shameer 79656, 79657 (TBGT). Notes: The taxon is variously treated in Indian floras. Anderson (1874) and Dunn (1915) consider it as synonymous to G. morella (= G. cambogioides). Maheshwari (1964) treated it as a distinct species, with a note that “ the species is closely allied to G. morella and scarcely distinguishable except by the female flowers ”. Singh (1993) also considered it as distinct but commented that “ this species is closely allied to G. morella, under which it is sometimes sunk ”. Arisdason and Daniel (2005) followed Roxburgh and Maheshwari for inclusion of G. pictoria in their treatment. Headland (1856), though treated G. cambogioides and G pictoria as distinct species, has given a note about their close relationship, with the aid of illustrations. During the present study, we collected specimens of G. pictoria from the type locality in Wayanad and compared them with G. cambogioides (= G. morella). Except for the difference in number and structure of staminal mass, staminodes and stigmatic lobes, listed in the key to the varieties above, both taxa are similar in all other characters such as habit, texture of bark, colour of exudate, size and shape of leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Considering these, G. pictoria is reduced to a variety under G. cambogioides. Garcinia celebica L., Herb. Amb. 7. 1754, Syst. Nat. ed. 12: 326. 1767 & in Murray, Syst. Veg. (ed. 13): 368. 1774; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 507. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 14: 173. 1860; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: 13. 1882; Vesque in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 404. 1893; Boerl., Cat. Pl. Phan. 2: 69. 1901; Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 9: 367. 1902; Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amb. 373. 1917; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 387. 1963. “ Lectotype (designated by Merrill, 1917): “ Mangostana celebica ” in Rumphius, Herb. Amb. (Rumphius) 1. 134. pl. 44. 1741.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6CC50A129F4C42F7761655.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Sea shore mangosteen (English); Parawa (Andamanese). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to March; fruiting from February to April. Habitat: In tropical evergreen, semi evergreen and inland forests, almost from sea level to mid lands. Distribution: Native to India, Bangladesh, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Thailand and Singapore. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Nicobar district, Kamorta, February 1875, S. Kurz s. n. (CAL); Ibid., 1884, King’s coll. 483 (K [K 000380452 digital image!); Passa, Car Nicobar, 02.06.1975, N. G. Nair 2653 (PBL); Ibid., Sawai, Car Nicobar, 24.02.1976, N. G. Nair 3526 (PBL); Car Nicobar, 10.06.1895, King’s coll. 47817 (CAL); North and Middle Andaman district, Interview Island, 06.03.1990, P. Lakshminarasimhan 15148 (PBL); Interview Island, Watch Tower No. 2, 26.02.2011, G. S. Lakhra 28882 (PBL); North Nicobar, Katchal Island, near Police Station, 29.12.1974, P. Chakraborty 2239 (PBL); Ibid., West Bay, 15.02.1977; Ibid., Pondha, 02.04.1979, M. K. Vasudeva Rao 7509 (PBL); South Andaman district, East coast, 1899, R. L. Heinig (CAL [CAL 46785]); Ibid., s. d., S. Kurz s. n. (CAL [CAL 46779]); Ibid., 13 / 01 / 1884, King’s coll. 90 (CAL); Ibid., 1884, King s. n. (K [K 000380453, image!]); Chiriatapau, 19.01.1916, C. E. Parkinson 884 (CAL); Ibid., 20.01.1916, C. E. Parkinson 888 (CAL); Boun- Boung-la, 04.02.1916, C. E. Parkinson 912 (CAL); Ibid., 10.02.1916, C. E. Parkinson 934 (CAL); Rutland Island, Barakhari, 21.01.1982 M. K. Vasudeva Rao 8617 (PBL); Manjeri, 31.01.2004, K. Karthigeyan 19633 (PBL); Mount Harriet, 11.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86610 (TBGT); Shoal Bay- 17, 13.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86615 (TBGT); Nayashahr, Dhanikari Reserve forest, 16.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86618 (TBGT); Ibid, 03.03.2017, P. S. Shameer 86645 (TBGT). Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Cultivated in JNTBGRI orchard, 02.11.2013, S. M. Shareef 702016 (TBGT); Ibid., 13.12.2014, P. S. Shameer 79668 (TBGT); Ibid., 23.03.2016, P. S. Shameer 86633 (TBGT). West Bengal, Cultivated Royal Botanic Garden, Howrah, s. d., Wallich 4852 (CAL); Ibid., s. coll. s. n., (MH [MH 63569]); Ibid., s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 4619]); Ibid., s. coll. s. n. (CALO [CAL 46190]); Ibid., s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 461191]); Cultivated in Botanic Garden, 07.12.1961, S. K. Mukerji s. n. [CAL [CAL 297414]); Ibid., Joe W. Helfer 270 (CAL). BANGLADESH, Chittagong, 1886, King’s coll. 274 (CAL); Sylhet, Wallich 4854 (K, image!); Ibid, Wallich 4854 (BR [BR 0000006912758, image!]); Ibid., J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson s. n. (GDC [G 00458944, image!]). MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, 1898, Teysman 79 (CAL [CAL 471149]). MALACA, 1841, Cuming 2296 (K [K 000380448 digital image!); 1861, Griffith 857 (K [K 000380447 digital image!). MANILA, Amboina, s. d., C. B. Robinson 323 (CAL). MALAY PENINSULA, Malaca, 1845, Griffith s. n. (CAL [CAL 47015]); Perak, January 1884, King’s coll. 5460 (CAL). MYANMAR, Martaban, s. d., S. Kurz 538 (CAL). s. loc., s. d., Wallich 4852 (CAL); s. loc. s. d., J. E. Smith s. n. (K [K 000380450, image!]). Without precise locality, December 1869, Pierre 3633 (K [K 000380455 digital image!). Uses: Fruits are edible while roots and leaves are used as medicine. It yields an inferior gamboge. Timber is used for house building and also used for making bows in Andaman Islands. (Maheshwari 1964; Singh 1993). Notes: Garcinia affinis, G. cornea, G. celebica., G. hombroniana, G. kingii, G. kurzii and G. speciosa are variously treated in earlier Indian floras and revisions. Wight (1840) treated G. celebica, G. cornea and G. speciosa as distinct species. Anderson (1874) considered G. cornea and G. speciosa as distinct whereas G. affinis was synonymized under G. cornea. Kurz (1874) considered G. speciosa and G. cornea as distinct species. Parkinson (1923) included both G. kingii and G. kurzii under G. speciosa, noting that they were “ nearly allied ”. Maheshwari (1964) considered G. affinis, G. cornea, G. hombroniana, G. kingii, G. kurzii, and G. speciosa as distinct, and commented on the close similarity between G. hombroniana and G. cornea. Singh (1993) treated G. affinis, G. hombroniana, G. kingii, G. kurzii, and G. speciosa as distinct. He has excluded G. cornea and also commented that he has not seen specimens of G. kingii. Except for Wight (1840), G. celibica is not recorded in any earlier Indian works. After a detailed study of all specimens kept under the aforementioned names, Nazre (2010) concluded that ‘ morphological evidences based on the literature and herbarium specimens suggested that there are no clear cut discontinuities in morphological characters or any characters exclusive to certain geographical areas between G. hombroniana with G. celebica and G. cornea and many other names including G. affinis, G. kingii, G. kurzii and G. speciosa. Because of that, the correct name that should be used is G. celebica as it was published much earlier and all oher names should simply be synonyms of G. celebica. This treatment, accepted in International Plant Name Index (www. ipni. org) and World Flora Online (www. worldfloraonline. org) is followed here. In our expedition to Andaman & Nicobar Islands, we could collect specimens showing variations, but all were continuous and within the range.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6CC50A129F4C42F7761655.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Kattupuli (Malayalam). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from April to June; fruiting from June to October. Habitat: Sholas and high altitude evergreen forests, between 1350 – 1950 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to southern Western Ghats, very rare. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Kodagu district, Bhagamandale, 22.07.1979, Ramesh & Manohar KFP 8441 (MH). Kerala, Idukki district, Devicolam, December 1909, Meebold 13533 (CAL); Rajamalai, 03.09.1992, Nazarudeen 14810 (TBGT); Ibid., 22.02.1995, Kalesh 21227 (TBGT); Ibid., 18.11.2005, Rama Subbu & Kulloli 57832 (TBGT); Ibid., 19.06.1998, Biju 37483 (TBGT); Bhadrakali shola, 01.10.2012, Deepthy 74641 (TBGT); Vellimala, 12.12.1993, Jomy Agustine 12902 (KFRI); Rajamalai, 22.02.1995, Kalesh 21227 (TBGT); Hut near Rajamala, 19.06.1998, Biju 37483 (TBGT); Rajamalai, 18.11.2005, Rama Subbu & Kulloli 57832 (TBGT); Bhadrakali shola, 01.10.2012, Deepthy 74641 (TBGT); Kottamala, 25.05.1995, Jomy Augustine 15379 (KFRI); Ibid., 1385 m, 25.09.2014, P. S. Shameer 79648 (TBGT); Ibid., 1640 m, 25.09.2014, P. S. Shameer 79649 (TBGT); Ibid., 1638 m, 25.09.2014, P. S. Shameer 79650 (TBGT); Ibid., 1362 m, 26.09.2014, P. S. Shameer 79651 (TBGT); Perumudishola, 12.11.2014, P. S. Shameer 79654 (TBGT); Ibid., 12.11.2014, P. S. Shameer 79655 (TBGT); Ibid., 08.12.2016, P. S. Shameer 86637 (TBGT); Kozhikode district, Vellarimala, 24.03.2013, P. S. Shameer 86604 (TBGT); Wayanad district, Thollayiram forest, 20.02.2017, P. S. Shameer 86647 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, between Olliar and Thorakadvuar, 10.10.1901, C. A. Barber 3701 (MH); Annamalai, 18.02.1980, Chandrabose 65842 (MH); Uses: Fruits are edible; dried fruit rinds are used in fish curries. Notes: Though Wight (1840) described G. conicarpa as a distinct species, later authors considered it as a variety only under G. gummi-gutta (G. cambogia). Based on live specimens, the authors made a detailed study of all the three varieties of G. gumigutta (var. gummi-gutta, var. conicarpa, and var. papilla). It was found that in certain characters var. conicarpa differed from the other two varieties (ovate oblong leaves against elliptic leaves, absence of ligule against its presence, sessile pistillate flowers against pedicelled ones and ovoid conical, 3 – 5 - grooved berries against globose, subglobose or oblong, 5 – 10 - grooved berries), which supports Wight (1839, 1840), who treated the plant as distinct species. Hence G. conicarpa Wight was reinstated (Shameer et al., 2021).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6CC50A129F4C42F7761655.taxon	description	G. roxburghii Wight, Ic. t. 104. 1840, Illustr. 1: 125. 1840, pro parte.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E6BC50412A64D35F7051755.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Kau-thekera, Kaugach (Assamese): Kowa, Kau, Duffla, Blachung-Changne; (Bengali): Tekra, Rengram (Garo); Kattaphal (Hindi); Sarbana (Orissa); Kau (Manipuri and Naga): The Cowa fruit, The Cowa mangosteen (English). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to March; fruiting from April to July. Habitat: Fairly common in evergreen, semi-evergreen and tropical forests, up to 1200 m elevation. Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China and Thailand. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman district, 1890, King’s coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 47066]); Dhanikharihill jungle, 22.04.1892, King’s coll. (CAL); Rangat Bay, May 1915, C. E. Parkinson 580 (CAL); Mt. Harriet, 11.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86609 (TBGT); Shoal Bay- 18, 13.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86613 (TBGT); Shoal Bay- 16, 13.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86614 (TBGT); Nayashahr Reserve Forest, 16.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86619 & 86620 (TBGT); North and Middle Andaman district, Saddle Peak, 20.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86624 (TBGT). Assam, Cachar district, August 1903, Shaik Mokim s. n. (ASSAM); Tupidhar, 04.04.1940, R. N. De 19258 (ASSAM); Jorhat district, Seebsagar, 30.04.1885, C. B. Clarke 38037 (CAL); Kamrup district, Andherijuli, 13.04.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 5463 (ASSAM); Chhaygaon, 05. 04.1915 U. N. Kanjilal 5427 (ASSAM); Lukikhas forest about 2 miles south of Singra, 26.06.1964, A. K. Rao 39129 (ASSAM); Ranigodam, June 1898, Prain’s coll. s. n. (CAL); Karimganj district, Longai Resreve forest, 28.03.1932, P. C. Kanjilal 10123 (ASSAM); Ibid., 01.06.1932, P. C. Kanjilal 10245 (ASSAM); Kokrajhar District, Chakrasila, 11.07.2008, Ranjit Dainmary 117864 (ASSAM). Sivasagar district, Amgori, 22.04.1895, s. coll. 11174 (CAL); Jorhat, 30.04.1885, C. B. Clarke 38037 (CAL); Sivasagar, 1891, S. E. Peal, s. n. (CAL). Bihar, Madhubani district, Majhaura, 305 - 365 m, 07.05.1947, H. F. Mooney 2868 (DD). Meghalaya, Singbhum Garo Hill district, 35 km, Dalu Road, 22.03.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 5276 (CAL, DD); United Khasi & Jaintia Hills District, Khasi hills, 07.10.1886, C. B. Clarke 45150 D (CAL); Khasi Hills, April 1877, s. coll. 248 (ASSAM); Tharia forest, 03.07.1940, G. K. Deka 19604 (ASSAM); Umtewswaqr Forest, 07.07. 1935. S. R. Sharma 12207 (ASSAM). Mizoram, Kolasib district, Kawnpai, 31.01.1962, A. B. Arb 2733 (ASSAM). Nagaland, Naga Hill district, May 1899, Prain’s coll. 100010 (CAL). Odisha, Angul district, Athmallik, near river, 26.02.1917, H. H. Haines 4711 (CAL); Kendujhar district, Bangura 04.07.1957, G. Panigrahi 8651 (ASSAM). West Bengal, Alipurduar district, Rajbhatkawa, 24.03.1932, A. H. Khan s. n. (DD); Buxa Division, 152 m, 24.03.1931, A. E. Osmaston s. n. (DD); Jalpaiguri district Apalchand, Kathambari, 24.04.1962, S. K. Mukerji 5516 (CAL); Kalabari, Darrang, April 1914, U. N. Kanjilal 3726 (CAL, DD). Uttarakhand, Dehradun district, cultivated, s. d., M. B. Raizada s. n. (DD). BANGLADESH, Chittagong Hill Track, 03.03.1876, J. L. Lister 331 (CAL); s. loc. 06.03.1876, J. L. Lister 150 (CAL); s. loc. April 1887, King’s coll. 325 (CAL); s. loc. February 1886, King’s coll. 572 (CAL); MYANMAR, Rangoon, March 1911, A. Meebold 14029 (CAL); Ibid., s. d., A. Meebold 14080 (CAL); Inoun district, 22.02.1915, C. E. Parkinson 81 (CAL); s. loc., February 1991, Shaik Mokim 449 (CAL). SINGAPORE, Alor Star, Kedah, 1937, Tungku Yacob 32770 (CAL). THAILAND: Siam, 17.04.1910, A. F. G. Kerr 1124 (CAL). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 2020). Uses: The species yield an inferior yellow dye. The ripe fruits are edible. The sliced fruits are sun dried and preserved in Assam and used against dysentery (Maheshwari, 1964). Typification: Garcinia cowa was validly published by Candolle (1824), based on Roxb. Cat. p. 42, 1814. In the protologue, it is mentioned that ‘ India’ is the ‘ type locality’, but no specimens were cited. Subsequently, Roxburgh (1832) in Flora India indicated ‘ Chittagong’ as the locality. Maheshwari (1964) designated ‘ Roxburgh, Chittagong, East Pakistan (Herb. Martius, BR) as type. We could locate 3 herbarium specimens at BR, all collected by Roxburgh, but without any collection numbers (BR 0000006915667, BR 0000005108138, BR 0000006912420) and labelled with country of origin as India. Since there are 3 specimens and Maheshwari did not specifically designate a single specimen as type, Maheshwari’s typification is considered as the first step, and we select the best specimen among them, Roxburgh s. n. (BR 0000005108138) as a second step lectotype here and other two specimens as isolectotypes.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E65C50512A64B16F6DE1342.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to March; fruiting from April to July. Habitat: Unusually found in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests up to 800 m elevation. Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Malaysia. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, North and Middle Andaman district, Saddle Peak, foot hill along Chota Thambu Nallah, 11.05.1982, M. K. Vasudeva Rao 8977 (PBL); Ibid., 20.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86625 (TBGT); South Andaman district, North Corbyn’s Cove, Hill Jungle King’s coll. s. n. (CAL); Bamboa Filleet, Port Blair, 05.03.1884, King’s coll. 150 (CAL); Andamans, 20.04.1901, Prain’s coll. 28, (CAL); Mt. Harriet, 02.01.1916, C. E. Parkinson 837 (DD); Wilson Island, February-March 1934, Kirat Ram 3745 (DD); Shoal Bay, 03.03.2017, P. S. Shameer 86646 (TBGT). Uses: Ripe fruit pulps are eaten raw. Dried sliced pericarps of fruits were used as medicine for stomach disorders (Baruah et al., 2021). Typification: Roxburgh (1832) did not designate a type for Garcinia kydia. In the protologue he mentioned ‘ a native of the Andaman Islands, where it was discovered by Col. Alexander Kyd and by him introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1794, where when about 10 years old, it began to blossom in February and the fruit to ripen in July’. But he has made a detailed illustration of the plant (Roxb. Ic. t. 2282, Garcinia kydiana in Roxb. Fl. India MS). Maheshwari (1964) in his revision, simply note under type as ‘ ex Kyd (Andaman Islands); cult. in Indian Botanic Garden, Calcutta’ but no specimen is cited. Hence the the typification by Maheshwari could not be considered legitimate. In this circumstance, as the best choice, we here designate Roxb. Ic. t. 2282 as the lectotype for Garcinia cowa var. kydia, as it is a detailed illustration of the plant, made by the original author himself. Notes: Garcinia kydia Roxb. was variously treated by later scientists. Anderson (1874) considered G. kydia synonymous to G. cowa whereas Planchon and Triana (1860), King (1890), Parkinson (1923), Maheshwari (1964) and Sing (1993) treated both as separate species. Singh (1993) also remarked that “ this species is clearly allied to Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC, under which it is sometimes merged ”. On studying live specimens, herbarium and earlier descriptions we found that both taxa show almost similar characters, except for a few differences in certain characters, (pistillate flowers 2 – 3, fruits non-mamillate and grooved from base to apex in G. cowa against pistillate flowers solitary, fruit mamillate and grooved only towards the apex in G. kydia). In our observation, the differences are not distinct enough to treat both as separate species, but only as varieties of the same species. Hence, G. kydia is treated here as a variety of G. cowa.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E64C507129F4FE2F2A017B7.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to February; fruiting March to April. Habitat: Growing in semi-evergreen forests, up to 30 m elevation. Distribution: India: Endemic to Andaman Islands, India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar, South Andaman district, Nayashahr forest, Ibid., S. K. Srivastava 21068 A, 21068 B & 21068 C (PBL); Nayashahr forest, Experimental Garden, 16.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86621, 86622 & 86623 (TBGT); Ibid., 03.03.2017, P. S. Shameer 86643 & 86644 (TBGT). Notes: Srivastava (1994) described G. dhanikhariensis based on a single specimen viz., S. K. Srivastava 21068, from Nayashahr Reserve forest, in Dhanikari, South Andaman. Srivastava had included a description of staminate flowers in his protologue. The holotype (CAL) is a vegetative twig along with some detached flowers pasted separately. The isotype 21068 (A) is an imperfect specimen of detached twigs and leaves, with an illustration of a fruit; 21068 B (PBL) a specimen with immature fruits and 21068 C (PBL) is a vegetative twig. Hence, the genus being dioecious, the type specimen bearing fruits belonged to a female plant, the description of stamens by Srivastava may be a wrong interpretation of staminodes found in pistillate flowers. No male plants were found during this study, either. Though hitherto known only from female specimens, the characters are good enough to consider it a distinct species, allied to G. indica. Further, thorough exploration of nearby localities is suggested for locating male plants and thus confirming the distinctiveness of the species.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E64C507129F4FE2F2A017B7.taxon	description	Garcinia elliptica Choisy, Mem. Nouv. Gen. Guttif. 17. 1824. nom. superfl.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E64C507129F4FE2F2A017B7.taxon	description	Habitat: Common in moist deciduous to evergreen forests, below 500 m elevation. Distribution: India, Malay Peninsula. Specimens examined: INDIA: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman district, Namunaghar Hill jungle, 13.12.1890, King s. n. (CAL [CAL 46959]). Assam, Dibrugarh district, Jakoi Reserve Forest, 27.06.2014, P. S. Shameer 79640 (TBGT). West Bengal. Indian Bot. Gard. Calcutta, s. d., s. coll. s. n. (LINN [LINN- HS 1240 - 2]). Without precise locality: India 1832, Wall. s. n. (K [K 000677636] digital image!); Ibid., 1822, E. I. C. (Wallich?) s. n. (K [K 000677635 digital image!]); Ibid. s. d., s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 0000065128]). PHILLIPINES, Macaharing, Hontalban, Marila, 22.04.1891, A. Loher 74 (CAL); Island of Palwan, Brooks Island (Addison peak), March 1911, A. D. E. Elmer 12711 (CAL); bid., Puerto Princesa (Mt. Pulgar), May 1911, A. D. E. Elmer 13154 (CAL); bid., Lake Manguao, April 1913, E. D. Merril 9448 (CAL); Jamindan, Capiz province, Panay, April – May 1918, M. Ramos & G. Edano 31319 (CAL); Blancoanae, s. d., E. D. Merril 881 (CAL). MALAYSIA, Penang, 1822, Wallich s. n. (K [K 001104038 digital image!]); s. loc. s. d., s. coll. 4839 b (CAL [CAL 0000066396]); s. loc., March 1884, King’s coll. 5750 (CAL). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN, 2018). Uses: Fruits are edible and has a juicy pulp suitable for preparing jams and preservatives. Exudates from the bark are used as a dye (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021). Typification: Roxburgh (1819, 1832) indicated that the species is described based on a plant grown in Calcutta Botanic Garden, brought from Molucca Islands. Maheshwari (1964) noted under Type: ‘ ex Molucca Islands: cult. in Indian Botanic Garden Calcutta’, but did not cite a specific herbarium specimen deposited in any herbaria. Since no specimen is designated, the typification of Maheshwari is invalid. On perusal of herbarium we could locate several specimens at CAL and K, collected by Wallich, with place of collection noted as India, possibly collected from the plant grown in Calcutta Botanic Garden. But except for one specimen bearing collection year 1814 (CAL 0000065123), all others bare collection dates after the year of publication, 1820. It is possible that the specimen with collection year 1814 be an original collection seen by Roxburgh for describing this species. Hence specimen CAL 0000065123 is designated here as the lectotype.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E66C50111244BF4F5B3101E.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from March to May; fruiting from May to August. Habitat: Shola forests, between 850 – 1150 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Ponmudi, 850 m, 07.3.1980, K. Vivekanandan 66141 (MH); Ibid., 1100 m, 08.03.1980, M. Mohanan 66618 (MH); Ibid, 1040 m, 05.11.2015, P. S. Shameer 86602 (TBGT); Ibid., 1022 m, 14.03.2016, P. S. Shameer 86631 (TBGT); Ibid., 1005 m, 26.05.2016, P. S. Shameer 86636 (TBGT). Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN, 2018). Notes: A new species described during the present study. Two specimens (K. Vivekanandan 66141 and M. Mohanan 66618) collected earlier from the type locality were found at Madras Herbarium, erroneously identified as Garcinia xanthochyma. Being doubtful, the locality was thoroughly explored and the plants were relocated. On detailed studies they were proved to be new. Garcinia gamblei is allied to G. pushpangadaniana in general habit; tetragonous branchlets; milky exudation; arrangement of staminate flowers in axillary fascicles; arrangement of stamens in 5 - phalanges and shape of stigma lobes; but differs from the latter in having horizontal branches against drooping branches; sessile flowers against pedicellate flowers; arrangement of staminodes in loose bundles or sometimes even free against staminodes always in 5 - phalanges; ovary locules and stigma lobes 5 against 6 – 8 and fruits vertically grooved with depressed apex against non-grooved and warty with mamillate apex. Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson, Brittonia 20: 103. 1968; N. C. Nair & A. N. Henry, Fl. Tamil Nadu 1: 27. 1983; Nicolson et al., Regnum Veg. 119. 82. 1998; C. N. Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 80. 1984; C. J. Saldanha & Eswar Rao, Fl. Karnataka 1. 205. 1984; R. Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Dist. 70. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 19. 1988; V. S. Ramach. & V. J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 54. 1988; V. T. Antony, Fl. Kottayam Dist. 72. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 70. 1990; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 110. 1993; M. Mohanan & A. N. Henry, Fl. Thiruvananthapuram Dist. 71. 1994; K. N. Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 24. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 52. 1996; Sivar. & P. Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 68. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary 30. 1997, Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 25. 1998, Fl. Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary 30. 1999; Sunil & Sivad., Fl. Pl. Alappuzha Dist. 79. 2000; N. Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 84. 2002; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary 22. 2002, Biodiv. Doc. Kerala Fl. Pl. 6: 40. 2004; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta Dist. 70. 2005; Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 335. 2005; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Western Ghats 1. 275. 2014. Cambogia gummi-gutta L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 522. 1754. Lectotype: ‘ Coddam pulli’ in Rheede, Hort. Malab. Ind. 1: 41. t. 24. 1678.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E66C50111244BF4F5B3101E.taxon	description	Mangostana cambogia Gaertn., Fruct. 2: 106. 1790, nom. illeg.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E60C53D11224F4CF2B81176.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Kudampuli, Pinaru, Kodakapuli (Malayalam); Penampuli, Kodakapulai (Tamil); Upagimara, Seemaehunse (Kannada); Malabar tamarind, Malabar Gamboge (English). Flowering: Flowering from January to April; fruiting from May to July. Habitat: Evergreen to semi-evergreen forests, up to 900 m elevation and sides of streams and lakes in plains. Widely cultivated in homesteads. Distribution: India and Sri Lanka. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Kodagu district, Coorg, 1869, Beddome s. n. (MH); Uttara Kannada district, Arbail, October 1888, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Dodmane, 05.03.1890, W. A. Talbot 3586 (BSI); Kumpta, 01.06.1901, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Nilkund Ghat, 02.03.1889, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Sonda, 09.05.1889, W. A. Talbot 3660 (PBSI). Kerala, Alapuzha district, Changanasery, Nalikodi, 16.04.1984, Antany 384 (MH); Ernakulam district, Cochin, 1884, M. A. Lawson s. n. (MH); s. loc., s. d., Sarojini Menon 12253 (TBGT); Idukki district, Chinnar, Coimbatoretravancore frontier, 14.05.1912, C. E. C. Fischer 3431 (CAL); Kannur district, Chanthanathode, 30.04.1979, Ramachandran 61659 (MH); Karimbam, 23.06.1980, Ansari 67819 (MH); Ponoth, 22.04.1980, Ramachandran 66929 (MH); Kollam district, Konni, 762 m, 12.01.1905, T. F. Bourdillon 129 (TBGT); Konni, 762 m, 12.01.1905, T. F. Bourdillon 127 (TBGT); Thenmalai Estate, 19.04.1964, Sebastine 18324 (MH); Kulathupuzha, 13.02.1979, C. N. Mohanan 61169 (MH); Rosemala, 13.05.2014, P. S. Shameer 79626 (TBGT); Kozhikode district, Vellarimala, 24.03.2013, P. S. Shameer 86605 (TBGT); Palakkad district, Karivara forest, 12.03.1975, E. Vajravelu 46290 (MH); Shola above Varadimalai estate, 19.04.1978, P. Bharghavan 53908 (MH); Vallakadavu, 11.12.1992, Jomy Augustine 13431 (KFRI); Pathanamthitta district, Cherukol, Kozhancheri, 31.08.1977, Nair 50740 (MH); Thekkinthode, Kozhancheri, 11.04.2014, P. S. Shameer 79618 (TBGT); Thiruvananthapuram district, JNTBGRI Arboretum, 16.04.2014, P. S. Shameer 79621 (TBGT); Chullimanoor, 14.05.2014, P. S. Shameer 79625 (TBGT); College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 16.05.2014, P. S. Shameer 79627 (TBGT); Wayanad district, Kurichiarmala, + 1350 m, 13.03.2000, M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan 3477 (CALI); Churam rock forest, 29.03.2002, M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan 3059 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Anamallayis, 1871, Beddome s. n. (MH); Nilgiri district, Jhai shola, May 1889, J. S. Gamble 20711 (BSI, CAL); Tinnevelly district, Sengatheri, 26.09.1916, s. coll. 13683 (MH). Without precise locality, s. d., W. Roxburgh s. n. (CAL [CAL 572728]); s. d., s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 63574]). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN, 2020). Uses: Dried fruit rind is used as condiments as substitute for tamarind for preparing fish curries. A source of valuable chemical components like hydroxy citric acid (HCA) which act as an antiobesity agent (Maheshwari, 1964, Singh 1993).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E60C53D11224F4CF2B81176.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Kattupuli (Malayalam). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to January; fruiting from Ferbuary to June. Habitat: Evergreen forests and shola vegetation between 800 – 1850 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Southern Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idduki district, Devikulam, December 1909, A. Meebold 13533 (CAL); Palakkad district, Mukkali forest, 05.11.1976, E. Vajravelu 48852 (MH); Silent Valley, Wallakkad, 1867 m, 01.04.2013, P. S. Shameer 79614 (TBGT); Ibid., 16.12.2014, P. S. Shameer 79666 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Anamallay Hills, 08.04.1912, C. E. C. Fischer 3350 (CAL); Kanyakumari district, Nagariyar Estate, Serhur Hills, 23.10.1988, Srinivasan 89492 (MH); Nilgiri district, Carrington, 18.06.1970, Shetty 34299 (MH); Near Gundvada river, Kodanad R. F., 10.10.1970, E. Vajravelu 36813 (MH); Hill Grove Estate, 1525 m, January 1883, J. S. Gamble 11906 (DD); Kaikatty to Vannathi, 05.05.1971, E. Vajravelu 38870 (MH); Lambourk shola, 1525 m, April 1883, J. S. Gamble 11339 (DD); Nilgiris, Wight 143 (CAL). Uses: Fruits are edible. The dried fruit rinds used as a substitute of tamarind in preparing fish curries.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E60C53D11224F4CF2B81176.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Manja-kanji, Attupuli (Malayalam): 1: 87. 1996; Sasidh., Biodiv. Doc. Kerala Fl. Pl. Manja-kanji (Tamil). 6: 41. 2004; S. R. Yadav & Sardesai, Fl. Kolhapur Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from June to Dist. 63. 2002; K. G. Bhat, Fl. Udupi. 47. 2003; August; fruiting August to January. Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 337. Habitat: Evergreen forests, between 900 – 1200 m 2005; J. Sarma et al., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 38: 1211 – elevation. 24. 2014; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Western Ghats 1: 275. 2014. Brindonia indica Thouars, Dict. Sci. Distribution: Endemic to southern Western Ghats. Nat. 5: 340. 1804. Oxycarpus indica Poir., Encyc. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Suppl. 4: 257. 1816. Stalagmitis indica G. Don, Gen. Thiruvananthapuram district, Bonaccord, Hist. 1: 621.1831. Lectotype (first-step designated 22.06.1992, N. Mohanan 11912 (TBGT); Ibid., by Maheshwari, 1964; second-step by Prasanth et 924 m, 18.05.2016, Anto Mathew 88404 (TBGT); al., 2019) INDIA, s. loc., Du-petit Thouars s. n. (P Cheenikkala, 1124 m, 19.03.2016, Anto Mathew [P 030773, digital image!]). Epitype (Prasanth et 88416 (TBGT); Chemmunji, 16.05.1896, T. F. al., 2019): INDIA, Goa, 22.5.2018, Arun Prasanth Bourdillon s. n. (TBGT [TBGT 02243]); Ibid., R. & V. Sundaresan 103 (MH!). 24.12.2014, Shareef 79267 (TBGT); Ibid., 1140 m, Garcinia celebica sensu Desr. in Lamk., Encyc. 3: 24.04.2016, Anto Mathew 88401, 88402 (TBGT); 700. 1789, non L. 1754. nom. illeg. Ibid., 14.03.2014, P. S. Shameer 79619 (TBGT); Meenmuttii, 06.11.1990, N. Mohanan 10158 Garcinia. purpurea (G. Don) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 624. (TBGT); Ibid., 07.11.1990, N. Mohanan 10231 1832. Type: (HBC, Calcutta Herbarium, s. d., s. coll. (TBGT); Pandimotta, s. d., G. Rajkumar & M. Alister 4862 CAL (CAL 00065141!) 77333 (TBGT); Ponmudi, 1003 m, 19.04.2016, Stalagmitis purpurea G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 621. Anto Mathew 88408 (TBGT; Sankili, 1185 m, s. d., 1831. nom. superfl. FiG. 11 Anto Mathew 88414 (TBGT); Strathmore, 1894, T. F. Bourdillon 867, 871 (K [K 000677617, K 000677616, Dioecious evergreen to semi-evergreen trees, up digital image!]); Ibid., 17.04.1895, T. F. Bourdillon to 15 m tall; exudation milky; branches horizontal, s. n. (FRC [FRC 02242]). Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli ending with pendulous tips; branchlets subdistrict, Kannikatty, 12.02.1989, R. Gopalan 90135 terete. Petioles 0.5 – 1.2 cm long, slender, reddish, (MH). adaxially ligulate at base; lamina lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 6 – 12 × 1.5 – 5 cm, narrowed Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN, at base, margins entire, acute to acuminate at 2020). apex; midribs raised above and below; lateral Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, Mem. Nouv. veins 7 – 18 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces. Gen. Guttif. 17. 1823; A. DC. Prodr. 1: 561.1824; Staminate flowers tetramerous, 4 – 8, in axillary or Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sic. Nat., Bot. ser. 4, 14: terminal fascicles, 0.5 – 0.9 cm in diam.; pedicel c. 338. 1860; Laness., Mem. Gen. Garcin. 45. 1872; 0.4 cm long; sepals, yellowish to pinkish, ovate- T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 261. 1874; rotundate, convex, 0.3 – 0.45 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm; petals Hook. f., J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 14. 484. 1875; Pierre, creamy white, ovate-oblong, convex, 0.5 – 0.6 × Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18: t. 80 (1). 1883; Vesque in 0.4 – 0.5 cm, membranous; stamens many, inserted A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 423.1893; T. Cooke, Fl, on hemispheric sub-quadrate torus; rudimentary Pres. Bombay 1: 76. 1901; Gamble, Man. Indian pistil absent or if present as long as stamens. Timb. 54. 1902; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: Pistillate flowers tetramerous, solitary or 2 – 3, in 73. 1915; Brandis, Indian Trees 52. 1907; Talbot, terminal cymes, pedicel c. 0.3 cm long; sepals and For. Fl. Bombay Pres. 1: 90. 1909; Rama Rao, Fl. petals same as staminate flowers; staminodes in 4 Pl. Travancore 28. 1914; Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. phalanges, 0.1 – 0.3 cm long; ovary sub-globose, (ed. 2) 21: 219 & t. 87 H – J. 1925; Santapau, Rec. 0.2 – 0.3 cm in diam.; stigmas 4 – 8 - rayed, convex, Bot. Surv. India (ed. 2) 16: 14. 1960; Maheshw., sessile. Berries globose, 3 – 4 cm in diam., orangepink or deep purple when ripe; sepals persistent in fruit. Seeds 5 – 8, 2.5 – 3 cm long, oblong, compressed, in pulpy aril. Vernacular names: Kokum (English); Murgali (Tamil); Murgahuli (Kannada); Punerpuli Katamb (Malayalam); Prangso-arong (Assamese). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to January; fruiting from December to March. Habitat: In evergreen forests and midlands. Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Uttara Kannada district, Tinai Ghat, 10.03.1917, L. J. Sedgwick 3352 (CAL, BLAT); Karvar in coastal forest, December 1917, L. J. Sedgwick 5062 (BLAT); Ibid., December 1918, L. J. Sedgwick 5043 (BLAT); Arabil Ghat, December 1918, L. J. Sedgwick 5127, 5131 (BLAT); North Kanara, Ambi, January 1888, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Anmodi, 10.02.1889, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); 15.11.1882, W. A. Talbot 276 (CAL); Yellapur, March 1883, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Ibid., April 1919, L. J. Sedgwick 5855 (BLAT); Yellapur, Teligeri, 12.03.1957, S. K. Jain 16504 (BSI); Devimani Ghat, 20.11.1908, B. Kulkarni s. n. (BSI). Kerala, Kannur district, Thaliparampa, cultivated in District Agricultural Farm, 08.04.2014, P. S. Shameer 79617 (TBGT); Wayanad district, Chandanathode, December 1937, N. L. Bor 9426 (DD). Maharashtra, Pune d istrict, Lonavala, Picchi Hills, 06.05.1956, S. K. Jain 918 (BSI); Khandala, 21.03.1903, G. A. Gammie 16162 (BSI); Ibid., 23.01.1943, H. Santapau 1526 (BLAT); Ibid., Echo. Point. Ravine, 24.01.1943, H. Santapau 1554 (BLAT); Ibid., 08.11.1943, H. Santapau 3122 (BLAT); Ibid., 25.02.1956, N. A. Irani 1733 (BLAT); Ibid., 07.07.1959, Y. A. Merchant 1116 (BLAT); Raigad district, Mt. Berry, 21.12.1959, N. A. Irani 4816, 4817 (BLAT); Sindhudurg district, Mobar near Malvan, 01.03.1941, H. Santapau 62 (BLAT); Thane district, Ghodbunder, Bombay, 23.01.1954, H. Santapau 17921, 17922 (BLAT); Tungar hill, Mandri Range, 19.01.1968, Billok 113659 (CAL); Tungar, 19.04.1983, K. C. Koshy 1881 (TBGT); Victoria Gardens, Bombay, 17.01.1957, R. R. Fernandze 3550 (BLAT). West Bengal, Indian Botanic Garden cult. 16.12.1912, S. C. Banerji 11353 (CAL); Ibid., 31.01.1912, A. T. Gage s. n. (CAL). Without precise locality, s. d., s. coll. 95 (CAL [CAL 48274]). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN, 2015). Uses: Fruit is used for medicine, food, dyes, oil and soft wood. The seeds yield valuable fat known as ‘ Kokum butter’. It is used as an edible fat, good as an anti-obesity agent. (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021). Traditionally, Kokum has been used for treatment against diarrhea, skin infections and wounds. Life enhancing antioxidant xanthone is found in Kokum pericarp. Potential benefits of Kokum are anti-viral, anti-bacterial, cardio support, immune system enhancer, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant (Lim et al., 2021).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E5CC53E11244D35F5DC1723.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from April to September; fruiting not known. Habitat: No data available, hitherto known only from the type specimen. Distribution: Endemic to India. Notes: Pierre described the species based on a single specimen (Keenan 2672), which is a female flowering specimen and still remains not recollected. Maheshwari (1964) did not include this species in his revision on Indian Garcinia. Singh (1993) included it in the Flora of India. Though described from a single female specimen, it possesses characters to be treated as a distinct species, but could be confirmed only after collecting male and fruiting specimens. A thorough exploration of Cachar district in Assam is needed to find the species in the wild.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E5FC53F112A4A5BF7EE1157.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Bapohi-thekera, Kan tekera, Prangsu, Prango-arong (Assamese); Thisuru (Garo); Dieng-sohjadu (Khasi); Dieng-sohsint (Jain); Pelte (Lushai). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to March; fruiting from April to July. Habitat: Commonly found in evergreen forests, between 200 – 1400 m elevation. Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan. Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Chirang district, Thorasim hills, Schlich s. n. (DD); Cachar district, Bomail WLS, 04.06.2012, A. A. Barphuiya 928 (ASSAM); Dibrugarh district, Jakoi Reserve forest, 27.06.2014, P. S. Shameer 7964 (TBGT); Sivasagar district, s. d., S. C. Peal 297 (CAL); Amgori, January 1888, G. Mann s. n. (CAL); Gaurisagar, 06.03.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 3556 (ASSAM); Sibsagar, Chrigori, 22.04.1895, R. E. P. India (Annon.) 11166 (MH). Manipur, Tamenglong district, 26.05.1986, C. B. Clarke 44024 (CAL). Meghalaya, Khasi & Jaintia Hills, Khasi, s. d., Wallich s. n. (CAL [CAL 46421]); Nartining, 27.11.1907, s. coll. 16055 (ASSAM). Without precise locality, February 1848, s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 46436]); s. d., Jenkins s. n. (MH [MH 68587]). BENGLADESH, Rajabari, 18.04.1895, R. E. P. India (Annon.) 11152 (CAL); MYANMAR, Tainjuup, 365 m, December 1911, S. M. Toppin R. A. 4169 (CAL). Uses: The fruit pericarp is eaten raw. Dry sliced pericarps are used in fish curry; also used for treating dysentery. Gamboge, the gum resin is used as medicine and as yellow dye. (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E5EC538129F4D14F5C9161B.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Rupohi-thekera (Assamese). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to January; fruiting from Ferbuary to June. Habitat: Commonly found in evergreen forests; between 75 – 1250 m elevation. Distribution: India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Jorhat district, Sibpur, 11.08.2015, P. S. Shameer 79697 (TBGT); Karbi Anglong d istrict, Bokajan, 21.06.1963, D. B. Desh 35243 (ASSAM); Mikir Hills, Kalioyi Reserve, 04.02.1977, S. K. Borthakur 69152 (ASSAM); Kokrajhar district, Chakrasila WLS, 11.06.2008, Ranjit Daimary 111425 (ASSAM); Chakrasila WLS, 11.07.2008, Ranjit Daimary 117863 (ASSAM); Lakhimpur district, Jokai Reserve, 18.03.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 4085 (ASSAM); Sivsagar district, Bokajau Reserve, 85 m, 15.12.1913, U. N. Kanjilal 121 M (ASSAM); Dimapur, 24.03.1913, U. N. Kanjilal 2166 (ASSAM); Sibsagar, July 1882, G. Mann s. n. (CAL); Sibasagar, s. d., S. Peal 83 (CAL). Meghalaya, Khasi & Jaintia Hill district, Jarain, 1250 m, 22.05.1965, A. S. Rao 42512 (ASSAM); Khonshnong, 05.02.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 713 P (ASSAM); Nartiang, 27.11.1937, S. R. Sharma 16055 (ASSAM). Mizoram, Mamit district, Saitahl, 04.09.1990, D. K. Singh 98940 (ASSAM); Dampatlaung, 1100 m, 03.09.1990, D. K. Singh 99161 (ASSAM); Dampa Tiger Reserve, Saithal Hill, 450 m, 25.09.2006, B. K. Singha & N. Odyuo 112963 (ASSAM). Nagaland, Dimapur district, Balijan, Rangapahar, 02.05.1946, G. K. Deka 22091 (ASSAM); Ibid., 02.05.1946, G. K. Deka 22091 (ASSAM). Tripura, Tripura district, Deoracherra, 30 m, 19.01.1962, D. B. Deb. 26877 (ASSAM). Without precise locality, s. d., Wallich 4862 (CAL); s. d., Wallich s. n. (CAL [CAL 46423]). Uses: The fruits are acidic and eaten raw (Baruah et al., 2021). Notes: Garcinia lanceifolia var. lanceifolia and var. oxyphylla looks similar in vegetative stages and can be distinguished only in the fruiting stage. G. lanceifolia only is recorded in most of the recent floras (Kanjilal et al., 1934; Balakrishnan, 1981; Chauhan, 2000; Singh, 2002).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E5EC538129F4D14F5C9161B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from September to November; fruiting from December to February. Habitat: Semi-evergreen forests, very rare. Distribution: India and Myanmar. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman district, s. d., S. Kurz s. n. (CAL [CAL 0000208111]); Bommungla, 16.09.1916, C. E. Parkinson 1000 (CAL); North and Middle Andaman district, Baratang Island, December 1913, C. E. Parkinson 165 (DD); Betapav, 28.03.1916, C. E. Parkinson 1140 (CAL, DD); Rangat, May 1915, C. E. Parkinson 580 (DD). Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN, 2020). Notes: Kurz (1875), in the protologue noted that the species is similar to Garcinia kydia in leaf characters. Only very few old specimens are represented in herbaria, and there were no recent collections made. In our observation both species show some distinct differences, viz. smooth, slightly depressed fruits with a persistent discoid stigma in G. microstigma against globose-ovoid fruits 6 – 8 grooved towards apex and with a short mamillate tip in G. kydia (= G. cowa var. kydia).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E59C534112A4A28F7BE145F.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from October to December; fruiting from December to March. Habitat: Occur in undisturbed mixed forests, usually on hill slopes, and on alluvial rivers bank; up to 175 m elevation. Distribution: India, Malaysia to Philippines. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Nicobar district, South Nicobar, Arong, Car Nicobar, 31.05.1975, N. G. Nair 2644, 3571, 3572 (PBL); Camplell ferry, 02.03.1966, K. Thothathri 11336 (PBL); Ibid., East-West road, 18 km from C Bay, 23.08.1975, N. P. Balakrishnan 3049 (PBL); Ibid., South Nicobar, 35 km on East-West road, 20.07.1976, N. P. Balakrishnan 3884 (PBL); North Nicobar, Mildera, Katchal Islands, 03.05.1977, P. Chakraborty 5595 (PBL); Ibid., School point, 12.04.2010, C. Murugan 28130 (PBL); South Nicobar, GT. Nicobar, 38 km on North-South road from Campbell Bay, 27.11.1978, N. G. Nair 7110 (PBL); Ibid., GT. Nicobar, 27 km on East-West road, 20.10.1979, D. K. Hore 7231 (PBL); Ibid., GT. Nicobar 40 km East-West road, 10.02.1980, R. P. Dwivedi 7859 (PBL); Ibid., GT. 16 km from East-West road, 15.11.1993, B. K. Sinha 16351 (PBL); Little Nicobar 17.04.2011, C. Murugan 28493 (PBL). SINGAPORE: 1894, H. N. Ridley 5966 (CAL); Bidadari, April 1897, H. N. Ridley 8454 (CAL). MALAYSIA. Malaya, s. d., A. C. Maingay 157 (K [K 000677676 digital image!]; Perak, July 1886, King’s coll. 10491 (CAL); Perak, s. d., Revd. Father Scortechini s. n. (CAL [CAL 46722]); 1882, King’s coll. 3197 (CAL). PHILIPPINES: Tayyay, Palawan, May 1913, E. D. Merril 9387 (CAL). Uses: Fruit pulp is edible and sour in taste. Ripe fruits cure dysentery (Baruah et al., 2021). Typification: Miquel (1864) described Garcinia nervosa without assigning a type. We could not locate any original specimens in any herbaria. Hence, a neotype is selected from the later collections available at CAL. Among the various specimens examined, we could locate the specimen ‘ King’s collector 10491 ’ cited by King (1890) at CAL [CAL 0000005829!]. This specimen authenticated by King, in the detailed description of the species, is designated here as the neotype of G. nervosa. Notes: Anderson (1874) in Hooker’s Flora of British India erected G. andersonii Hook. f., with its distribution in eastern Peninsula. King (1890) treated it as a synonym under G. nervosa. Maheshwari (1964) did not include G. nervosa or G. andersoni in his revision; whereas Nair (1977) included G. andersoni in his report for Car Nicobar Island. Singh (1993) included G. nervosa, with its distribution as Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Dutta et al. (2014) reported G. nervosa as new distributional record for the mainland, but on closer observation of literature and specimens, we found that it was an erroneous identification for G. dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E59C534112A4A28F7BE145F.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Bor-thekera (Assamese); Tikul, Tikur (Bengali & Hindi); Soh-iyntraw, Dieng-sohdanei (Khasi); Thaipomlein, Vawm-va (Lushai); Ampri-arong (Mikiri); Tabing-asing (Miri & Abor); Heibung (Manipuri). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from September to November; fruiting from November to June. Habitat: Found in tropical mixed forests, up to 915 m elevation. Distribution: India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, Papum Pare district, Harjuli, Duphla hills, 23.12.1874, J. L. Lister 112 (CAL); Lohit district, Parasuram Road, Tezu, NEFA, 03.02.1939, R. N. De (ASSAM). Assam, Cachar district, Barak Reserve Forest, Bhuban Hill, 22.12.2012, Hussain Ahmed Barbhuiya 987 (ASSAM); Barpetta district, Nityananda, near Khaladia river, 03.08.2015, P. S. Shameer 79677 (TBGT); Darrang district, Panbari camp, November 1952, G. M. Nath s. n. (DD); Ibid., May 1952, G. M. Nath s. n. (DD); Dibrugarh district, Jakoi Reserve Forest, 27.06.2014, P. S. Shameer 79642 (TBGT); Golapara district, Golapara, 10.10.1808, Buchanan-Hamilton Francis 1123 (E [E 00438017]) digital image!); Sibsagar district, March 1879, s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 46451]); Lakhimpur district, Jokai Reserve, 100 m, 01.04.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 4083 (ASSAM); Upper Assam, s. d., G. Mann 41 (CAL). Bihar, Sarai Korang, 28.03.1895, s. coll. 11103 (CAL). Meghalaya, East Khasi hill district, Near Sohrha, 03.06.1965, Krishnan 42694 (ASSAM). Nagaland, Naga Hills district, 1882, H. Collett 192 (CAL). West Bengal, H. B. Calcutta, s. d., R. Wight s. n. (K [K 000677592 digital image!]). Without precise locality, s. d., s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 63598]); Wallich 4860 (CAL, K [K 000742485, K 000677593 digital image!]); s. d., s. coll. 41 (ASSAM). BENGLADESH, Rajbare, November 1873, J. S. Gamble 1645 A (MH); Sylhet district, Karimganj, 08.03.1947, Dinanath Paul 22090 (ASSAM); Sylhet, s. d., s. coll. 4860 C (CAL). MYANMAR, Thapanhun, 120 m, November 1909, G. E. S. Cubitt 326 A (CAL); Mergui, March 1911, Meebold 16555 (CAL). Uses: The fruits are edible; fleshy pericarp is used insted of lime or lemon. Dried pericarps of fruits are used to treat dysentery. It is used as root stock for grafting mangosteen. Gum is used as a fixative or as a mordent in saffron dye (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E55C53412A648ECF21110D8.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Manthipuli (Malayalam). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from March to May; fruiting from May to August. Habitat: Evergreen and shola forests, between 850 – 1450 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Mankulam, 10.05.1915, R. Venkada Rao 3433 (TBGT); Irumbuthara, 1300 m, 29.03.2012, Shareef & Roy 72414 (TBGT); Kadalar, 14.05.2015, P. S. Shameer 86607 (TBGT); Wallakkad, 01.04.2014, P. S. Shameer 86606 (TBGT). Palakkad district, Walakkad, Silent Valley, 1700 m, 24.03.1982, Prasannakumar 10320 (CALI); Ibid., 15.11.1983, Prasannakumar 11430 (CALI); Ibid., 30.05.1984, T. Sabu 11448 (CALI); Ibid., 28.02.1988, T. Sabu 11334 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Ayerpady, 20.04.1903, Barber 2841 (MH); Ibid., 20.04.1903, Barber 5420 (MH); Ibid., 06.11.1901, Barber 3963 (MH); Ibid., s. d., Barber 3841 (CAL); Ibid., 4100 ’, 25.04.1912, Fisher 3387 (FRC); Coimbatore, 1250 m, 22.10.1961, Joseph 13093 (MH); Ibid., 1400 m, 22.07.1978, Chandrabose 57234 (MH); Ibid., Lower Nirar to Italiar Forest, 1250 m, 06.09.1983, Ramamurthy 78412 (MH). Notes: The authors could find a few specimens of this taxon in different herbaria (CAL, CALI, FRC, and MH), collected from different localities in the Western Ghats. Because of the resemblance in vegetative characters, they were previously identified erroneously as G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson and are correctly identified here as G. pushpangadaniana. This species has the largest fruit (10 – 12 × 8 – 11 cm) among Indian Garcinia and weighs 500 – 600 gm. Uses: Rind is used as a substitute to camboge in curries by tribal people.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E55C535112F4F6BF5911179.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Malayalam: Para or pura, Malamkongu; Tamil: Madul. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from December to March; fruiting from March to May. Habitat: Moist evergreen forests, between 950 – 1100 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Agasthyamala, 05.10.1989, N. Mohanan 7949 (TBGT); Athirumala, 1300 m, 07.01.2013, S. M. Shareef 792257 (TBGT); Chemmunji, 17.11.2009, G. Rajkumar 44747 (TBGT); Ibid., 22.01.2014, P. S. Shameer 79604 (TBGT); Travancore, 08.04.1898, T. F. Bourdillon 953 (FRC); Ibid., 05.04.1895, T. F. Bourdillon s. n. (MH); Ibid., s. d., R. H. Beddome s. n. (MH); Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli district, Tinneveli hills, 1879, R. H. Beddome s. n. (MH); Kannikatti, 21.02.1913, Hooper & Ramaswami 39428 (CAL); Ibid., 19.03.1917, s. coll. 14650 (MH); Ibid., 05.06.1964, K. N. Subramanian 1606 (MH); Ibid., 30.07.1989, Shanavas Khan 5866 (TBGT); Ibid., 30.07.1989, Shanavas Khan 5325 (TBGT). Without precise locality, 1873, R. H. Beddome s. n. (MH [MH 2939]). Uses: Oil from the seed is used for lighting lamp (Maheshwari, 1964). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN, 2020). Notes: Garcinia echinocarpa Thwaites was earlier considered as a species distributed in South India and Sri Lanka. Thwaites (1858) identified two varieties under this taxon, var. α and var. β. Maheshwari (1964) in his revision named the var. β. as G. echinocarpa var. monticola and treated the south Indian and high-altitude specimens of Sri Lanka under this taxon. Kostermans (1977) separated the South Indian taxon from Sri Lankan, as a distinct species viz., G. rubro-echinata Kosterm, endemic to South India.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E54C53111224D0BF6CA1786.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to May; fruiting from May to June. Habitat: Semi evergreen forests, between 100 – 300 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Assam. Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Lakhimpur district, Dulang Reserve Forest, March 1962, G. Panigrahi 27621 (ASSAM); Diya, 04.04.1914, U. Kanjilal 444 M (ASSAM). Common name: ‘ Gela thekera’ (Assamese), meaning rotten camboge. Uses: As the common name indicates, the fruit is not generally preferred for human consumption. But they are highly relished by the primates such as the Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and the rare Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), very common in the area.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E54C53111224D0BF6CA1786.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Sochopa-tenga (Assamese); Diengsoh-jadu, Dieng-soh-longkor, Dieng-soh-longkydaw (Khasi); Bombhathei, Vawmva (Lushai); Thirsu (Garo). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to February; fruiting March to May. Habitat: Evergreen forests of foot hills, between 100 – 900 m elevation. Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar. Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Kamrup district, Burni Forest, 13.02.1932, Sri Ram 9897 (ASSAM); Burdwan Reserve, 08.04.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 5439 (DD); Sibsagar district, Nayajanka, 90 m, 23.04.1911, U. N. Kanjilal 1656 (ASSAM); Garampani, 20.11.1913, U. N. Kanjilal 3007 (ASSAM); Holongapal Reserve, 20.12.1910, U. N. Kanjilal 7074 (ASSAM). Nagajanka, 23.04.1911, U. N. Kanjilal 1656 (ASSAM). Bihar, Buxar district, Sarai Korang, 28.03.1895, Herb. G. Watt 11103 (CAL). Manipur, Tamenglong district, Phalong, A. Meeebold 6471 (CAL). Meghalaya, West Garo Hills district, Rangnlachakgiri to Samphaligiri road, 01.03.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 5195 (ASSAM, CAL); West Jaintia Hills district, Dawki, 01.11.1935, G. K. Deka 12875 (ASSAM); Khasi & Jaintia Hills district, 21.11.1872, C. B. Clarke 17905 B. (CAL); Syndai, 19.10.1913, U. N. Kanjilal 2771 (ASSAM); Dombu Reserve, 26.03.1915, U. N. Kanjilal 5373 (ASSAM, DD); Dawgiri Reserve Forest, 14.03.1975, M. K. V. Rao 61422 (ASSAM); Near 62 km on Baghanara- Maha deo road, 15.09.1990, M. K. V. Rao 64128 (ASSAM); Ri-Bhoi district, Nongpoh, 30.05.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 3981 (ASSAM); Barpani, 05.12.1916, U. N. Kanjilal 7106 (ASSAM, DD); near soil conservation Umling, s. d., J. Joseph 43780 (ASSAM); Umsaw forest, 30.11.1934, C. S. Purkayastha 10938 (ASSAM); Ibid., 26.10.1938, S. R. Sharma 17926 (ASSAM); Ibid., 26.10.1938, K. Biswas 3767 (CAL). Mizoram, Mamit district, Saitah, 03.09.1990, D. K. Singh & K. P. Singh 98852 (ASSAM). Without precise locality, 12.06.1814, Wallich s. n. (CAL [CAL 46524]); East India, Roxburgh s. n. (K [K 000677602 digital image!]); BANGLADESH: Sylhet, s. d., Wallich 4858 (CAL, K [K 000677604 digital image!]); Rajbari Talpigre, November 1873, J. S. Gamble 1645 A (MH); W. Roxburgh s. n. (BM [BM 000611602 digital image!]); Chittagong Hill Track, 31.03.1876, J. L. Lister 330 (CAL); Ibid., Burkhal, March 1880, J. S. Gamble 7800 (CAL). Chittagong, s. d., F. Fihlish s. n. (CAL [CAL 46507]). NEPAL, without locality, s. d. Wallich s. n. (CAL). Typification: Under G. paniculata Roxb., Maheshwari 1964 cited ‘ Type: ex Sylhet, E. Pakistan; cult in Indian Botanic Garden, Calcutta’, without citing a specimen or herbarium. We could locate two specimens of Wallich 4857, noted locality as ‘ HBC (Calcutta Herbarium) ’ one each at CAL and K. Maheshwari’s typification could be considered as first-step lectotypication and need narrowing down to a single one of these specimens by subsequent lectotypification. Hence we designate the CAL specimen [CAL 0000065167!]) as lectotype (second step) and the K specimen [K 001104077) as isolectotype.] Use: The pulpy aril of the highly flavored fruit is edible (Maheshwari, 1964).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E54C53111224D0BF6CA1786.taxon	description	2022): INDIA, Sikkim, s. d., J. D. Hooker & T. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to Thomson 17 (CAL [CAL 0000005830!]); isolecto March; fruiting from April to June. CAL [CAL 0000005831!]). Habitat: Evergreen to semi-evergreen forests. Dioecious evergreen trees, up to 20 m tall; Distribution: India and Sri Lanka. exudation yellow; branches spreading; branchlets Specimens examined: INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, angular. Petioles 1 – 1.5 cm long, adaxially ligulate Nellore district, Nellore, July 1883, Gamble 12819 at base; lamina elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, 12 – 23 (MH); Tirupati district, Sriharikota forest, May × 4 – 9 cm, cuneate or obtuse at base, margin entire, 1904, s. coll. 3034, 3035, 3036 (MH). Karnataka, shortly acuminate at apex; midribs raised above and Agumbe district, Barakana, Balehalli, 19.05.1960, below, more conspicuous below; lateral veins 10 – R. Sundara Raghavan 62720 (BSI). Kerala, 15 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces; stipules Kasargod district, Cherpady, Uduma, 12.03.1993, subulate, 0.5 – 0.7 cm long, deciduous. Staminate A. Nazarudeen 16408 (TBGT); Uduma, Kavu, flowers tetramerous, axillary, 4 – 6 - flowered cymes, 09.06.1990, Sarojini Menon 17054 (TBGT); Kollam 0.4 cm across, pedicel 2 – 2.5 cm long; 2 - bracteolate district, Kolaturpolay (Kulathoorpuzha) 27.04.1904, near base; bracts scale like; sepals sub-orbicular, Bordillon 1524 (MH); Karingalodathodu area, concave, 0.9 – 1.2 × 1.0 – 1.2 cm; petals yellow, Tenmalai range, 07.12.1961, K. N. Subramanian obliquely ovate, 2.0 – 2.5 × 1.2 – 1.5 cm, membranous; 77529 (BSI); Kottayam district, Koruthode, 200 m, stamens numerous, in a ring around rudimentary 12.11.1995, Jomy Augustine 16906 (CALI, KFRI); pistil; rudimentary pistil fungiform; stigma peltate, Puthupalli, s. d., G. S. Puri 36572 (BSI); Palakkad convex. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, axillary, district, Mukkali forest, 07.03.1975, E. Vajravelu solitary or paired; pedicel 1 – 1.5 cm long; sepals and 46240 (MH); Pathanamthitta district, Pamba, 200 petals similar to staminate flowers; ovary 0.5 – 0.8 m, 12.02.1994, Jomy Augustine 13370 (CALI); cm in diam., 2 - locular; stigma orbicular, tubercled. Pamba, 18.03.1994, A. Nazarudeen 19587 (TBGT); Berries oblong, smooth, 2.5 – 3 × 2 – 2.5 cm, pointed Muzhiyar, 07.02.1994, Nazarudheen 19082 at apex. Seeds 2, c. 2. 2 × 0.8 cm, oblong, flattened (TBGT); Triveni, 25.03.1995, Pandurangan & embedded in pulpy aril. Raveendran 12747 (TBGT); Thiruvananthapuram Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from October to district, Rockwood estate 21.04.1904, T. F. December; fruiting from December to March. Bordillon 742 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai Habitat: In moist subtropical forests, in valleys of district, Pudukkottai, November 1909, C. A. Barber rivers and streams, between 800 – 1500 m elevation. 8498 (MH); Villupuram district, Marakkanam, 03.06.1907, C. A. Barber 8321 (MH); Coimbatore Distribution: Bhutan and India. district, Annamalais, Karian shola, 19.03.1939, V. Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, Narayanaswamy 5444 (MH); SRI LANKA, Ceylon Abor Hill district, Upper Rotung, 03.03.1912, I. H. Southern Province, Hambantota district, Yala, Burkill 38198 (CAL); South slope Bapu, 7.03.1912, Talgasmankade, 26.04.1973, L. H. Cramer 4124 I. H. Burkill 36917 (CAL); Near the Dihong, 250 (MH). m, 19.01.1912, I. H. Burkill 36124 (CAL); Piri Garcinia stipulata T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Mountain, 2360 m, November 1934, N. L. Bor 2461 A India 1: 267. 1874; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 9: (DD); Kameng district, Kameng Forest Division, t. 79 K. 1883; Vesque in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 13.11.1951, G. K. Deka 27 (ASSAM); Bora hills, 365. 1893; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. 52. 1902; 10.05.1958, G. Panigrahi 15350 (ASSAM); Papum Brandis, Indian Trees 50. 1907; Engl. in Nat. Pare district, Dafla Hills, 19.01.1876, J. L. Lister Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2) 21: 225. 1925; Maheshw., Bull. 187 (CAL). Meghalaya, East Khasi Hill district, Bot. Surv. India 6: 116. 1964; Grierson & D. G. Long, Mowpoot, 762 m, 14.11.1871, C. B. Clarke 14609 Fl. Bhutan 1 (2): 57. 1984; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma (CAL). Sikkim, South Sikkim district, Rayong, & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 126. 1993; Hajra et al., 20.10.1879, G. King s. n. (DD); Sikkim, August 1881, Mat. Fl. Arunachal Pradesh 1: 186. 1996; G. D. Pal, J. S. Gamble 9670 (K [K 000677613 digital image!]; Fl. Lower Subansiri Dist. Arunachal Pradesh 1: 119. Sikkim, s. d., J. D. Hooker 105 (K [K 000677611 2013. Lectotype (first step designated by Maheshwari, digital image!]); West Bengal, Darjeeling district, Darjeeling, 1525 m, August 1881, J. S. Gamble 9760 (CAL, MH); Lebong, T. Anderson 789 (CAL); Pomong, 23.08.1869, C. B. Clarke 8803 (CAL); Kalimpong district, 1420 m, 09.12.1879, J. S. Gamble 7500 (CAL); Mungpoo, 1066 m, 24.08.1884, G. A. Gammie s. n. (BSI). Without precise locality, 915 m, 04.09.1876, J. Sykes 1648 A (MH); s. d., s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 63589]); s. d., s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 63584]); s. d., s. coll. 1246 (CAL); s. d., S. Kurz s. n. (CAL [CAL 46590]). BHUTAN: S. loc., s. d., Griffith 860 (CAL). Uses: The fruits are eaten by Lepchas in Sikkim and the tree produces an inferior gum (Maheshwari, 1964).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E50C52F129F4BA5F2B814E1.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from September to November; fruiting from November to January. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, up to 1100 m elevation. It is fairly found in the river banks. Distribution: India and Myanmar. Specimens examined: INDIA, Manipur, Tamenglong district, Nungba, 1525 m, November 1907, A. Mebbold 6326 (CAL). Nagaland, Naga Hill district, Kungba, 1525 m, December 1907, A. Meebold 7399 (CAL). MALAYAN PENINSULA, Perak, 60 – 90 m, September 1881, King’s coll. 2718 (CAL); Perak, 150 – 150 m, January 1885, King’s coll. 7077 (CAL); Perak, 150 – 150 m, September 1885, King’s coll. 8196 (CAL). MYANMAR, Joukyaghat, s. d., S. Kurz 535; Martaban, s. d., S. Kurz 536 (CAL )). Notes: Kurz (1872) described Garcinia succifolia from Myanmar, without mentioning any specimens. Anderson (1874) described Garcinia loniceroides based on the specimen ‘ Myanmar, Griffith 870 ’. But Kurz (1877) synonymized G. loniceroides under G. succifolia. However, the subsequent Indian authors Maheshwari (1964), Singh (1993) and Chauhan (2000), followed Anderson (l. c.) in their treatments, whereas IPNI (https: // www. ipni. org) and WFO (http: // www. worldfloraonline. org) accept priority of G. succifolia over G. loniceroides.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E50C52F129F4BA5F2B814E1.taxon	description	Vernacular names: Haldi, Ont (Kannada); Limboti, Pansara, Tavir (Marathi). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to March; fruiting from March to June. Habitat: Evergreen to semi-evergreen forests, up to 350 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Uttara Kannada district, Gerusoppa Ghat, s. d., W. A. Talbot 2693 (BSI, CAL); Diggi, 09.05.1988, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Devimane, October 1919, Hallberg & McCann 34583 (BLAT); Guddhehalli, Karvar, s. d., T. R. Bell 7811, 7844 (BLAT); Castle Rock, 16.04.1909, R. K. Bhide (BSI); North Kanara, 03.01.1902, s. coll. 2693 (MH); Shimoga district, Barakan, Agumbe, 28.03.1964, Sundhara Raghavan 97275 (BSI); Shimoga, Hulikal Ghat, 04.05.1978, Saldanha 7629 (MH); Hassan district, Bisle Ghat 08.01.1970, Saldanha 13013 (MH). Kerala, Malappuram district, Cherupadi Kavu, 29.01.2014, P. S. Shameer 79607 (TBGT); Ibid., 28.04.2014, P. S. Shameer 79609 (TBGT); Palakkad district, Nelliampathy ghat, 29.06.1914, S. T. Dunn s. n. (MH [MH 3018]); Palakkad district, Mandampatty, 12.04.1978, Nair 56755 (MH); Thiruvananthapuram district, JNTBGRI, Arboretum cult. s. d., P. S. Shameer 72615 (TBGT). Maharashtra, Nashik district, Nandgaon forest, Pune, 01.02.1964, Venkata Reddi 95862 (BSI); Palghar district, Shirgaon, 21.04.1957, J. A. Vasudeva 17031 (BSI); Pune district, Bhimashankar, s. d., W. A. Talbot 5024 (BSI); Auhpe forest, 23.03.1907, G. M. Ryan 1751 (BSI); Ambavne, Kakepano forest 25.03.1964, Venkata Reddi 96030 (BSI); Bhimashankar, 25.10.1956, L. A. Vasavade 8575 (BSI); Ibid., 13.06.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72256 (BSI); Ibid., 07.06.1962, K. P. Janardhanan 76642 (BSI); Ibid., s. d., J. A. V. 9314 (BSI); Ibid., 24.02.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 69201 (BSI); Ibid., 22.04.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72108 (BSI); Choura hill, 04.04.1962, K. P. Janardhanan 76581 (BSI); Raigad district, Lakeview, Matheran, 29.01.1957, Puri 9895 (BSI); Picnic spot, Matheran, 26.02.1959, N. A. Irani 2994 (BLAT); Ibid., 02.11.1907, H. P. Paranjpe s. n. (BSI Acc. No. 6751); Ibid., 09.11.2006, S. C. Majumdar & S. K. Das 192443 (BSI); Sudagarh Fort, Pali, 09.03.1979, M. J. Kothari 156423 (BSI); Satara district, Khandala, 21.03.1903, G. A. Gammie 16163 (BSI); Koyna, 23.11.1978, R. K. Kochhar 157811 (BSI); Jaigad, Koyna, 11.02.1979, R. K. Kochhar 158332 (BSI); Sindhudurg district, Amboli, 28.04.1902, G. A. Gammie 15025 (BSI); Amboli, 09.11.1965, B. G. Kulkarni 107936 (BSI); Meroli Plateau, Khandala H. Santapau 3566, 4210 (BLAT); Ibid., 21.03.1903, G. A. Gammie 16163 (BSI); Ibid., Elphinstone slopes, 20.12.1949, H. Santapau 10585 (BLAT); Ibid., 26.01.1959, H. Santapau 866, 23053 (BLAT); Ibid., Coona River, October 1918, H. Santapau 28438 (BLAT); St. Xavier’s Rivine, s. d., H. Santapau 1747, 3251, 3252, 15422, 15423 (BLAT). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN, 2020). Uses: The fruits yield an inferior quality of yellow gum. Its dried fruits are used like tamarind in curries (Singh, 1993). Notes: Garcinia talbotii and G. spicata are two closely resembling species, but distinct. Garcinia talbotii is endemic to the Western Ghats whereas G. spicata is distributed in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. In almost all herbaria, both species are found erroneously identified both ways. Palkar et al. (2017) confirmed the identity of both species and demarcated their distribution as G. talboti endemic to central and northern Western Ghats, whereas G. spicata, besides Sri Lanka, has scattered distribution in southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh. Garcinia malabarica Desr. (in Lam. Encycl. 3: 701, 1792) was an erroneous identification and naming for the Rheede’s ‘ Panitsjika-maram’ (Rheede, Hort. Malab. 3: 45 - 47, t. 41. 1682). This was later correctly identified and named as Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. (Kosteletzky, 1834; Nicolson et al., 1988). Garcinia travancorica Bedd., Fl. Sylv. t. 173. 1872; T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 268. 1874; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb, 52. 1902; Bourd., Forest Trees Travancore 25. 1908; Brandis, Indian Trees 49; Rama Rao, Fl. Pl. Travancore 30.1914; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 74. 1915; Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2) 21: 224. 1925; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 120. 1964; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 128. 1993; M. Mohanan & A. N. Henry Fl. Thiruvananthapuram 72. 1994; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruy WLS 32. 1997; Gopalan & A. N. Henry, Endemic Pl. India Southern Western Ghats 206. 2000; K. Ravik. & D. K. Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 157. 2000; N. Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 87. 2002: Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 343. 2005; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Western Ghats 1: 276. 2014. Lectotype (designated by Maheshwari, 1964): INDIA, Travancore & Tinnevelly Ghats, 01.12.1871, Beddome s. n. (GDC [G 00458915 digital image!]). FiG. 15 D – f Dioecious evergreen trees, up to 15 m tall; exudate yellow; branches horizontal; branchlets terete. Petioles 1 – 1.5 cm long, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina linear-oblong to sub-spathulate, 5.5 – 10 × 1.5 – 3 cm, acute at base, margins repand, acute or obtuse at apex; midribs raised above and below, conspicuous on both sides; lateral veins more than 50 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces, closely parallel, exudate canals inconspicuous on both surfaces. Staminate flowers tetramerous, usually 3 in terminal or sub-terminal, trichotomous short cymes, 1.2 – 1.5 × 0.8 – 1 cm; pedicel 0.2 – 0.3 cm long, stout; sepals orbicular, concave, 0.2 – 0.3 cm wide, margins membranous; petals creamy white, orbicular, concave, 0.5 – 0.7 cm wide; stamens numerous, arranged on 4 polyandrous bundles; rudimentary pistil columnar, with a circular peltate stigma. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, terminal or sub-terminal, solitary or rarely paired, 1.3 – 1.5 × 8 – 1.2 cm; sepals orbicular, convex, 0.4 – 0.5 cm wide; margins membranous; petals milky white, orbicular to sub-orbicular, 0.6 – 0.8 cm wide; staminodes many, free or 2 – 3 - united, arranged in a circle around ovary; ovary sub-globose or pyriform, 0.2 – 0.3 cm in diam., 1 – 2 - locular; stigma sessile, peltate-discoid, convex, yellow, waxy shining. Berries ovoid-oblong, 2 – 3 × 1 – 2.5 cm, smooth, with persistent discoid stigma. Seeds 1 or 2, ovoid, 2 – 2.5 × 0.7 – 1 cm. Vernacular names: Malampongu (Malayalam). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to May; fruiting from April to August. Habitat: In evergreen forests, between 950 – 1250 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to southern Western Ghats. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Travancore, Beddome s. n. (MH); Travancore, 02.10.1894, T. F. Bourdillon 327, 328 (CAL, MH); Chemmunji, 22.01.1992, N. Mohanan 11037 (TBGT); Agasthyamalai, 20.06.1999, William Decruse & Gangaprasad 15168 (TBGT); Chemmunji, 19.01.2000, Rajkumar 41848 (TBGT); Ibid., 29.02.2000, Rajkumar 38787 (TBGT); Ibid., 30.09.2013, Rajkumar & Alister 77159 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli district, Travancore and Tinnevelley, s. d., s. coll. 2997 (MH); Tinnevelly hills, 1200 m, s. d., s. coll. s. n. (MH [MH 2992]); Kalivayalpil, Tinnevelley, 01.06.1901, Barber 3051 (MH); Kalivayalpil to Hamington Bungalow, Travancore, 02.06.1901, Barber 3071 (MH); Agasthyamalai, 20.08.1963, Henry 17337 (MH); Kanyakumari district, Upper Kodayar, 23.03.1984, Gopalan 81418 (MH); Muthukulyvagal, Travancore, 03.10.1904, T. F. Bourdillon 328 (MH). Without precise locality, s. d., s. coll. 411 (BM [BM 000946509, digital image!]); December 1871, Beddome 211 (K [K 000677615, digital image!]); Ibid., 212 ([K 000677614 digital image!]). Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN, 2020). Uses: It yield a soluble yellow pigment used as a water colour. Garcinia wightii T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 265.1874; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Chochinch. 33: t. 86 A. 1883; Vesque in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 427. 1893; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. 55. 1902; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 74. 1915; Brandis, Indian Trees 53. 1907; Rama Rao, Fl. Pl. Travancore 30. 1914; Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2) 21: 226. 1925; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 134. 1964; N. C. Nair & A. N. Henry, Fl. Tamil Nadu, ser. 1, 1: 28. 1983; M. Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 80. 1984; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa (edn.), Fl. Ind. 3: 129. 1993; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta Dist. 62. 1994; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 53. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 26. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary 22. 2002; Sasidh., Biodiv. Doc. Kerala Fl. Pl. 6: 42. 2004; Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel Fl. Kerala 344. 2005; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Western Ghats 1: 277. 2014. Lectotype (designated by Maheshwari, 1964): Southern India, without presise locality, 1866, R. Wight 145 (K [K 000677600 digital image!]). FiG. 15 G – i Dioecious evergreen trees, up to 15 m tall; exudation deep yellow; branches horizontally spreading; branchlets tetra-angular. Petioles 0.6 – 0.8 cm long, slender, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina linear-lanceolate, 6 – 14 × 1.5 – 3 cm, acute at base, margins entire, attenuated towards tip.; midribs raised above and below, conspicuous on both sides; lateral veins 12 – 18 pairs per side; exudate canals inconspicuous on both surfaces. Staminate flowers tetramerous, axillary, solitary or 2 – 3 together, 1 – 1.2 × 0.8 – 1 cm, sessile; sepals orbicular, concave, 0.4 – 0.5 cm wide, margins membranaceous; petals creamy white, obovate, concave, 0.4 – 0.6 × 0.2 – 0.35 cm, membranaceous; stamens 12 – 15, arranged in a tetragonus mass; rudimentary pistil absent. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, axillary, solitary, 0.5 – 0.7 × 1 – 1.5 cm, sessile; sepals orbicular, convex, 0.3 – 0.4 cm wide, margins membranous; petals pinkish white, obovate, 0.4 – 0.45 × 0.35 – 0.4 cm; staminodes 12 – 16, free or 2 – 3 united, arranged in a ring round the ovary; ovary globose, 0.2 – 0.3 cm in diam., 4 - locular; stigma sessile, large, 4 - lobed. Berries sub-globose, 1.2 – 1.5 × 0.9 – 1 cm, smooth; stigma and sepals persistent. Seeds 4, oblong-ovoid, 0.7 – 0.9 × 0.4 – 0.45 cm. Vernacular names: Attukaruka, Pulimaranga, Kolivala (Malayalam). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from November to February; fruiting from January to February. Habitat: Usually on stream sides in evergreen forests, up to 700 m elevation. Distribution: Endemic to Southern Western Ghats of Kerala. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Udumanparai, Annamalai hills, 22.11.1901, Barber 4085 (MH); Eranakulam district, Malayatur river bank, Travancore, March 1889, T. F. Bourdillon 58 b (MH); Banks of Periyar river, Travancore, 10.12.1895, T. F. Bourdillon 1575 (MH); Ibid., 06.12.1904, s. coll. s. n. (TBGT [TBGT 02250]); Kottayam district, Mundakayam, December, 1910, A. Meebold 12839 (MH, DD); Pathanamthitta district, Panamkutty, 22.01.1983, C. N. Mohanan 77940 (MH); Attathode, 20.03.1994, Nazarudeen 19596 (TBGT); Perumthenaruvi, 12.03.2011, S. M. Shareef 70653 (TBGT); Thiruvananthapuram district, JNTBGRI Arboretum cult., P. S. Shameer 79601 (TBGT); Ibid., 18.12.2013, P. S. Shameer 79602 (TBGT). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN, 2020).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E50C52F129F4BA5F2B814E1.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Xanthochymus tinctorius DC., Prod. 1: 562. 1824; Habitat: In moist deciduous to evergreen forests, A. C. White & Arn., Prod. 102. 1834; Choisy, Mem. between 100 – 1000 m elevation. Sos. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 12: 43. 1851; Planch. Distribution: India, Myanmar to Malaysia and China. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 4., 14: 304. 1860, orth. var. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman district, Near Garcinia tinctoria W. Wight, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. Mt. Harriet, 05.04.1884, King 242 (CAL); South U. S. D. A. 137: 50 1909; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Andaman, s. d. Kurz s. n. (MH [MH 46697]); Near Madras 1: 741915; Gamble in Kew Bull. 64.1916, port Blair, 24.07.1884, King’s coll. 205 (CAL); orth. var. FiG. 15 j – l s. loc. 29.06.1914, s. coll., 6224 (MH); Manjerry, Dioecious evergreen trees, up to 15 m tall; 23.08.2003, K. Karthigeyan 19576 (PBL); Mt. exudation milky or pale green turning yellow Harriet, 11.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86612 (TBGT); on exposure; branches usually drooping; Rutland, Bada khadi, 20.02.2004, K. Karthigeyan branchlets tetra-angular. Petioles 1 – 2.5 cm 21309 (PBL); North and Middle Andaman district, long, stout, angular, adaxially ligulate at base; East Island Wildlife Sanctuary, 10 m, 27.12.2011, lamina linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, M. Y. Kamble 30509 (PBL); Entrance Island, 12 – 45 × 4 – 13 cm, cuneate at base, margins 08.11.1990, P. Lakshminarasimhan 15206 (PBL); sub-repand and entire, acute-acuminate at Jharnanala Tikri, Baratang Island, 27 Octobor apex, coriaceous; midribs conspicuous above 1979, Basu 7373 (CAL); Interview Island, + 5 m, and below; lateral veins conspicuous 15 – 20 25.04.1964, K. Ramamurthy 18946 (PBL); Lamia pairs per side, raised above and below; exudate Bay to Kalipur, 01.04.1977, N. P. Balakrishnan 5436, canals conspicuous on both surfaces. Staminate 5444 (PBL); Long Island, 19.10.1990, G. S. Lakhra flowers pentamerous, 4 – 10, fascicled axillary or 15524 (PBL); Saddle Peak Range, 28.03.1977, axils of fallen leaves, 2 – 3 cm across; pedicel c. 2.5 Balakrishnan 5198 (PBL); Saddle peak on the way cm long, stout; sepals orbicular, concave, 0.8 – 1 to hill top, 07.09.2002, R. Sumathi 18583 (PBL); cm wide, fleshy, ciliate on margins; petals pale Interview Island way to west coast, 23.09.2010, greenish, orbicular, concave, 0.8 - 1 cm wide, G. S. Lakhra & V. M. Radhakrishnan 28730 (PBL); slightly membranaceous on margins; stamens Kalpong dam site, 21.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86626 3 – 5 each, in 5 phalanges, glands 5, alternating (TBGT). Paget Island Wildlife Sanctuary, 15 m, stamina phalanges; rudimentary pistil absent. 14.03.2012, M. Y. Kamble 30622 (PBL); Saddle Pistillate flowers pentamerous, axillary, 1 – 10 peak foot hills, 20.02.2016, P. S. Shameer 86627 in axillary fascicles, 2.5 – 3 cm in diam.; pedicel (TBGT). Andhra Pradesh, Godavari district, 2 – 4 cm long; bracts minute, sub-orbicular, red; Vathangi, 05.02.1916, s. coll. 12677 (MH). Assam, bracteoles 2, minute, c. 1 cm long; sepals pale Kamarup rural district, 31.10.1954, Deka 23361 greenish, orbicular, concave, 0.4 – 0.6 × 0.4 – 0.5 (ASSAM); Upper Assam, G. Mann 589 (DD); cm, shortly clawed, ciliate on margins; petals pale Lakhimpur district, Digboi, 15.06.1938, Deka greenish, orbicular, concave, 0.7 – 1 cm wide, 17012 (ASSAM);. Karnataka, Udupi district, margins membranous; staminodes 5 - phalangiate Karkala, South Kanara, 06.04.1970, Rajagopal bundles, alternating with 5 fleshy glandular disc; Shetty 3999 (MH); Uttara Kannada district, ovary ovoid, 0.2 – 0.3 cm in diam., 5 - locular; Karvar, April 1928, T. R. Bell 3969 (BLAT); Sirsi, style very short; stigma 5 - rayed, spreading, 01.04.1886, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Sirsi-Siddhipur, entire, peltate. Berries sub-globose, 5 – 6 cm October 1919, Hallberg & McCann 34784 (BLAT); in diam curved-mamellate, bright yellow on Sonda, 06.05.1896, W. A. Talbot 3656 (BSI); ripening; remnants of stigma persistent. Seeds Yellapur, Saharahalli, 26.05.1954, H. Santapau 1 – 4, oblong-compressed, 2 – 3 × 1.2 – 1.5 cm, 18741 (BLAT); Ibid., 17.11.1950, A. R. Baraganza embedded in pulpy aril. s. n. (DD). Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Thumpa, VSSC campus (cult.) 07.01.2016, Teema Joseph 87099 (TBGT); JNTBGRI orchard (cult.), 21.04.2018, S. M. Shreef 79297 (TBGT). Maharashtra, Mumbai city district, Victoria Garden, Bombay, January, 1917, s. coll. 13815 (BLAT); Malabar Hill, Bombay, April 1917, s. coll. 13817 (BLAT). Pune district, College Garden, Pune, 09.06.1902, L. D. Garade 377 (BLAT, BSI); Meroli Plateau, Khandala, 10.04.1943, H. Santapau & MCMcnnan 1892 (BLAT); Meghalaya, East Khasi Hill district, Shillong, 915 m, 20.08.1886, C. B. Clarke 44626 (GDC, image!); Khasi, J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson s. n. (CAL). Mizoram, Mizo district, South Lushai, between Luichong and Demagiri, A. T. Gage 205 (CAL). West Bengal, Dargling district, Mungpoo, s. d., Prain’s coll. s. n. (CAL); Kurseong, 31.03.1911, Rihu & Rhomboo 4984 (CAL). Without precise locality, 1901, s. coll. 131 (CAL). BANGLADESH, Chittagong hill tracks, 1875, J. L. Lister 238 (CAL); Chittagong Hill Track, 1876, Lister s. n. (MH [MH 63602]); J. D. Hooker & Thomson s. n .. (CAL); Kodala hills Chittagong, February 1886, Badul Kha n 421 (CAL); Barkul, Chittagong, 30.03.1876, J. L. Lister s. n. (CAL). MYANMAR: Martaban, s. coll. 542 (CAL). SRI LANKA: s. d., Waltter 128 (CAL). Uses: Fruit is edible and has a juicy pulp with a pleasant acidic flavor, used for preserving jams and cool drinks. Exudates from the plant parts are used in dyeing. Bark of the tree and latex of unripe fruits are used to make yellow dye. (Maheshwari, 1964; Baruah et al., 2021). Note: The authority of the species is differently given in floras and databases, either as G. xanthochymus Hook. f. or G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson. In the treatment of Guttiferae in Fl. Brit. Ind., J. D Hooker has given a preface note (Vol. 1. Page 259) that the account of the British India Guttiferae was drawn up by T. Anderson shortly before his death in 1870. But for the reduction of Xanthochymus to Garcinia, Hooker himself is answerable. In this context, the authors treat G. xanthochymus Hook. f. as the correct authority for the species. Anderson (1874), Dunn (1915), Maheshwari (1964), and Singh (1993) reported G. xanthochymus as distributed throughout India. Floristic accounts pertaining to the Western Ghats (Cook, 1901; Nair & Henry, 1983; Saldanha & Ramesh, 1984; Sasidharan, 2004; Nayar et al., 2006, 2014), also considered it native to their respective areas. But on perusal of specimens in herbaria and through field studies, we found that the species occurring wild only in Northeast India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Whatever specimens are confirmed as G. xanthochymus from other parts of India are all from cultivated sources, as it is widely grown as a fruit plant throughout the country.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E49C529112A4FF5F4911677.taxon	description	Notes: King (1890) treated this taxon based on a single collection (L. Jelinek 106). Maheshwari commented “ a specimen with leaves like a Garcinia and detached fruit of a true Garcinia (Jelinek 106 Exped. Novara No. 169, Nicobar Island), collected by Dr. Jelinck, has been thus named in Calcutta Herbarium. The material is too imperfect to be dealt with ”. Maheshwari (1964) and Singh (1993) included as a doubtful species. Though Parkinson (1923) did not include the species, Dagar and Singh (1999) included it in Andaman Flora. Though a duplicate of the specimen designated as type (Marinho 2017) is located at W (W 0073376 image!), with few leaves and a dried fruit, it is difficult to come to an otherwise conclusion. Hence it is treated here as doubtful species.	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E48C529129F4D42F7831341.taxon	description	Specimen examined: Thiruvananthapuram, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden, cultivated in the garden, 100 m, 23.01.2015, S. M. Shareef 70677 (TBGT).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E48C529129F4FE3F5FE14F1.taxon	description	Specimens examined: INDIA, Royal Botanic Garden, Kolkata, Cultivated, 17.04.1902, s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 46877]); Ibid., s. d., s. coll. s. n. (CAL [CAL 47266]).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
03E5C2316E48C529112448B1F548104A.taxon	description	Specimens examined: Cultivated in INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman district, Chiriatapau, Inland forests, 30.05.1974, K. Thothathri & N. G. Nair 1093 (PBL). Tamil Nadu, Thenkasi district, Courtallam, November 1901, M. Rama Rao 126 (TBGT). Kerala, Kollam district, Rosemala, 16.02.1997, A. Nazarudeen 34103 (TBGT); Pathanamthitta district, Muzhiar, 07.02.1994, A. Nazarudeen 19076 (TBGT); Thiruvananthapuram district, Orchard, JNTBGRI, 10.03.2014, S. M. Shareef 79247 (TBGT); Ibid., 23.03.2016, P. S. Shameer 86632 (TBGT). MYANMAR, Mergui, March 1911, A. Meebold 14099 (CAL). Without precise locality, s. d., s. coll. 5744 (CAL); Ibid., 1822, Wallich 4872 (CAL).	en	N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu, L., Garcinia (2023): Taxonomic revision of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in India. Rheedea 33 (3): 101-158, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01
