taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	description	(Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BIAUBM 6 - H, 75.3 mm SL; Iran: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari prov., Khersan River at Atishgah, Karun River drainage, Persian Gulf Basin, 31.24358, 50.99075. Paratypes. AJRPC 17 - P, 7, 69.3 – 45.2 mm SL; data same as holotype. New material used in molecular genetic analysis. AJRPC-DNA 198 A (COI: PP 515175, Cyt b: PP 548209), 198 B (COI: PP 515176, Cyt b: PP 548210), 198 C (COI: PP 515177, Cyt b: PP 548211), same data as holotype; AJRPC-DNA 1715 (COI: PP 515188, Cyt b: not sequenced), Iran: Lorestan prov., Sezar River at Absardeh, Karun River drainage, Persian Gulf Basin, 33.20562, 48.88326.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Carasobarbus doadrioi is distinguished from C. sublimus, C. hajhosseini sp. n. and C. kosswigi by having more scales on lateral line (40 – 44 vs. 27 – 37). Carasobarbus doadrioi sp. n. is similar to C. saadatii sp. n. and is distinguished by having a prominent black blotch on end of caudal peduncle in specimens <85 mm SL (vs. no black blotch), longer head length (22 – 25 vs. 19 – 20 % SL), shorter dorsal fin height (19 – 26 vs. 26 – 30 % SL) and shorter distance between base of pelvic and anal fins (24 – 25 v. 26 – 28 % SL). It is distinguished from C. luteus by having two pair of barbels (vs. one pair), well-developed median lobe on the lower lip (vs. without median lobe) and more scales on the lateral line (40 – 44 vs. 25 – 30) (Table 5).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	description	Description See Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 for general appearance, Table 6 for morphometric data. Body moderately high, laterally compressed, without nuchal hump. The greatest body depth in front or at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral head profile straight, dorsal head profile with a slight to pronounced hump near nostrils. Head short and narrow. Maximum body depth larger than head length. Triangular axillary scale at pelvic-fin base present. Pelvic-fin origin below vertical of last unbranched or first branched dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin forked. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 70 – 90 % of distance between pectoral- to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. Eye large, markedly smaller than snout. Mouth inferior, lips thick and fleshy with a well-developed median lob. Two pairs of barbels, rostral barbel reaches to anterior part of eye and maxillary barbel reaching to posterior part of eye. Dorsal fin with 4 (n = 8) unbranched rays and 11 ½ (n = 8) branched rays, outer margin deeply concave. Anal fin with 3 (n = 8) unbranched and 6 ½ (n = 8) branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 14 (n = 5), 15 (n = 3) rays. Pelvic fin with 7 (n = 1) – 8 (n = 7) rays. Lateral line with 40 (n = 3), 41 (n = 2), 42 (n = 1), 43 (n = 1), 44 (n = 1) scales. Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 7 (n = 8). Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line 6 (n = 11). Coloration In life: Body silverish or cream-white. Back darker than belly. Series of scales over the lateral line outlined by dark pigmentation, evident in anterior and fade in posterior. Fins with scattered dark melanophores on rays and membranes. In formalin: Cream-brown, back darker than belly. Series of scales over the lateral line with dark anterior pigmentation, fading posteriorly. Fins with scattered dark melanophores on rays and membranes.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the lower Dez and Karun drainages.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species name derives from the name of the Spanish ichthyologist Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo, in honour of his invaluable contribution to the study of the fishes of the world.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF94FF8E829CF95268F45EC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Carasobarbus doadrioi sp. n. is found in the deep, slow current of large rivers (Fig. 9). It typically favours areas with abundant vegetation with rocky substrates during the summer. Generally, the species is most abundant in the middle and lower Karun drainage. Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843, Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843, Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843), Squalius berak Heckel, 1843, Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus, Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus 1766) and G. alidaei Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Vatandoust & Freyhof, 2021 were found coexisting with the new species.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BIAUBM 7 - H, 190.6 mm SL; Iran: Ilam prov. Seymareh River at Talkhab, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 33.27771, 47.21252. Paratypes. AJRPC 18 - P, 4, 85.8 – 184.3 mm SL; same data as holotype. AJRPC 19 - P, 2, 95.0 – 108.9 mm SL; Iran: Lorestan prov. Kahman River at Doab, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 33.78557, 48.20640. AJRPC 20 - P, 1, 117.5 mm SL; Iran: Lorestan prov. Karkheh River at Pa Alam, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 32.83141, 48.03337. AJRPC 21 - P, 1, 136.9 mm SL; Iran: Lorestan prov. Karkheh River at Mamulan, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 33.37823, 47.95654. AJRPC 22 - P, 1, 113.2 mm SL; Iran: Lorestan prov. Karkheh River at Kal Sefid, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 33.08346, 47.53871. AJRPC 23 - P, 1, 93.7 mm SL; Iran: Ilam prov. Karkheh River at Pol Zaal, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 32.98729, 47.76504. New material used in molecular genetic analysis. AJRPC-DNA 225 (COI: PP 515178, Cyt b: PP 548212), Iran: Lorestan prov. Kahman River at Doab, Karkheh drainage, Persian Gulf basin, 33.78557, 48.20640; AJRPC-DNA 571 A (COI: PP 515182, Cyt b: PP 548215), 571 B (COI: PP 515183, Cyt b: PP 548216) same data as holotype.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Carasobarbus hajhosseini sp. n. is distinguished from C. sublimus, C. saadatii sp. n. and C. doadrioi sp. n. by having more scales on lateral line (32 – 34 vs. 24 – 29 in C. sublimus; 40 – 44 in C. doadrioi sp. n.; 38 – 40 in C. saadatii sp. n.). Carasobarbus hajhosseini sp. n. is similar to C. kosswigi but can be distinguished by slightly developed lower lip lobe (vs. well-developed), shorter head (20 – 24 vs. 24 – 27 % SL), shorter posterior barbel (13 – 20 vs. 21 – 38 % HL) and shorter snout (25 – 31 vs. 36 – 44 % HL). Also, the new species can be distinguished from C. luteus by having two pair of barbels (vs. one pair), well-developed median lobe on the lower lip (vs. without median lobe) and more scales on the lateral line (32 – 34 vs. 25 – 30).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	description	Description See Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 for general appearance, Table 6 for morphometric data. Body moderately high, laterally compressed, without nuchal hump. The greatest body depth at a level in front of or point of dorsal fin origin. Ventral head profile straight, dorsal profile has a slight to pronounced hump near nostrils. Head short and narrow. Maximum body depth larger than head length. Triangular axillary scale at pelvic-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin below vertical of last unbranched dorsal fin ray. Caudal fin forked. Tip of anal fin, when pressed to body, reaching to hypural complex. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 70 – 90 % distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. Eye large, but smaller than snout. Mouth inferior, lips thick and fleshy with a small median lob. Two pairs of barbels, rostral not / or reaches to anterior part of eye and maxillary reaching to the posterior part of eye. Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched rays and 10 ½ (n = 6) – 11 ½ (n = 5) branched rays, outer margin deeply concave. Anal fin with 3 (n = 11) unbranched and 6 ½ (n = 11) branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 13 (n = 4), 14 (n = 6), 15 (n = 1) rays. Pelvic fin with 8 (n = 7) – 9 (n = 4) rays. Lateral line with 32 (n = 3), 33 (n = 4), 34 (n = 4) scales. Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6 (n = 11). Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line 5 (n = 11). Coloration In fresh: Body silverish or cream-white. The back darker than the belly. Upper lateral line scales outlined by dark pigmentation, evident in anterior and fade in posterior. Fins with scattered dark melanophores on rays and membranes. In formalin: Body cream-brown, back darker than belly. Upper lateral line scales outlined by dark pigmentation, prominent in anterior section, fades towards posterior.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	distribution	Distribution The new species is known from the Gamasiab, Kahman, Kashkan and Seymareh in Karkheh drainage.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named in honour of Haj Hossein Javadi Pour (HHJP), who is the father of the first author of this study (AJR).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF98FF8A829CFA1E6FD75832.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Carasobarbus hajhosseini is commonly found in the deep, swiftly flowing sections of rivers and dam reservoirs (Fig. 14). It typically favours areas with abundant vegetation, and during the summer, it can also be observed in shallower waters. Generally, the species is most abundant in the middle and lower Karkheh drainage. Luciobarbus esocinus, Capoeta shajariani Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017, Garra gymnothorax Berg, 1949, Chondrostoma regium, Alburnus sellal, Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843, Squalius berak, Turcinoemacheilus saadii Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014, Glyptothorax cous and G. alidaei were found coexisting with the new species.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF87FF9082FCFC52682F5D7B.taxon	materials_examined	Iran: – VPFC NeypahnSeyfolah 1400.7., 1, 85 mm SL; Iran: Kermanshah prov.: Alvand River at Neypahn Seyfolah, Karkheh, 34.408611, 45.586944. – VPFC Hajij 1394.4., 1, 114 mm SL; Iran: Kermanshah prov.: Sirvan River at Hajij, Tigris drainage, 35.15678, 46.32132 (now under dam). Türkiye: – FFR 416, 17, 124 – 176 mm SL; FFR 417, 1, 170 mm SL; FFR 421, 4, 129 – 168 mm SL; Siirt prov.: Botan River at 8 km southwest of Siirt, Tigris drainage, 37.85268, 41.88749.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF87FF90829CFBA76FFF5DDA.taxon	materials_examined	Iran: – VPFC Siyahgav 1400.9., 7, 65 – 95 mm SL; Iran: Ilam prov., Siyah Gav Lake, near Abdanan, Tigris drainage, 32.86564, 47.70155. – VPFC Golabi 1400.10., 1, 130 mm SL; Iran: Fars prov., Golabi spring, near Darab, Kol drainage, 28.78766, 54.37183.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	description	(Figs. 15, 16 and 17).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BIAUBM 8 - H, 187.6 mm SL; Iran: Khuzestan prov., Karun River at Gotvand, Persian Gulf Basin, 32.27319, 48.83521. Paratypes. AJRPC 24 - P, 4, 122.9 – 179.4 mm SL; data same as holotype. New material used in molecular genetic analysis. AJRPC-DNA 1860 (COI: PP 515189, Cyt b: PP 548217), 1861 (COI: PP 515190, Cyt b: PP 548218), 1862 (COI: PP 515191, Cyt b: PP 548219), 1863 (COI: PP 515192, Cyt b: PP 548220) same data as holotype.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carasobarbus saadatii sp. n. is distinguished from C. sublimus (Fig. 18), C. hajhosseini sp. n. and C. kosswigi (Figs. 19, 20 and 21) by having more scales on lateral line (38 – 40 vs. 27 – 37). The new species can be distinguished from C. luteus (Fig. 22) by having two pair of barbels (vs. one pair), well-developed median lobe on the lower lip (vs. without median lobe) (Fig. 23) and more scales on the lateral line (38 – 40 vs. 25 – 30).	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	description	Description See Figs. 15, 16 and 17 for general appearance, Table 7 for morphometric data. Body moderately high, laterally compressed, without nuchal hump. The greatest body depth at point of origin of dorsal fin. Ventral head profile straight, dorsal profile has a slight to pronounced hump near the nostrils. A rounded keel on back in front of dorsal fin. Head short and narrow. Maximum body depth larger than head length. Triangular axillary scale at pelvic-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin below vertical of last unbranched dorsal fin ray. Caudal fin forked. Tip of anal fin, when pressed to body, reaching to hypural complex. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 70 – 80 % distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. Eye large, but smaller than snout. Mouth inferior, lips thick and fleshy with a well-developed median lob. Two pairs of barbels, rostral reaches to eye and maxillary reaching to the posterior part of eye. Dorsal fin with 4 (n = 5) unbranched rays and 10 ½ (n = 5) branched rays, outer margin deeply concave. Anal fin with 3 (n = 5) unbranched and 6 ½ (n = 5) branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin with 14 (n = 2) – 15 (n = 3) rays. Pelvic fin with 8 (5) rays. Lateral line with 38 (n = 1), 39 (n = 2), 40 (n = 2) scales. Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6 (n = 4) – 7 (n = 1). Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line 5 (n = 6). Coloration In fresh: Body silverish or cream-white. The back darker than the belly. Upper lateral line scales outlined by dark pigmentation, evident in anterior and fade in posterior. Fins with scattered dark melanophores on rays and membranes. In formalin: Body cream-brown, back darker than belly. No dark pigmentation on anterior and posterior section of scales.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution The new species distributed in the lower Karun drainage as well as the Great Zab in the Tigris drainage.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named in honour of Mohamadali Saadati (Mashhad), acknowledging his significant contributions to the taxonomy of freshwater fishes in Iran. He holds the distinction of being the first Iranian Ichthyologist, conducting a systematic study on the taxonomy and distribution of freshwater fishes in Iran in 1977. To this day, his findings continue to be utilized by several Ichthyologists in Iran.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat The new species is usually found in the deeper parts of rivers and dam reservoirs, where water flows are slower and there is ample vegetation and cover (Fig. 24). During the summer months, it disperses into faster-flowing waters as well, likely due to warming water temperatures in their typical habitat. It prefers areas along the banks and around islands where tree roots and aquatic plants are accessible. This allows it to forage while remaining hidden among the vegetation to avoid predators. The species appears to be most abundant in the middle and lower Karun. Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel, 1847), Capoeta aculeate (Valenciennes, 1844), Garra rufa, Chondrostoma regium, Alburnus sellal, Squalius lepidus, Squalius berak and Glyptothorax cous, were found coexisting with the new species.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF9DFF90829CFE9F688A5A3A.taxon	discussion	Discussion In general, fishes of the genus Carasobarbus are bottom feeders, with morphological characters specialised for such behaviour. This is especially visible in the differences in the development of their mouth structure and lips. Similar developments have been observed in other species of barbs 26, 27. The lips development in Carasobarbus fishes, seems to be a suitable character to separate species 28. In the newly described species, the C. hajhosseini species present the smaller lips (less developed). On the other hand, C. doadrioi species, appear to show the most developed lips among them. Check the ventral head view figure (Fig. 23) to compare these differences and observe that both latter mentioned species show both ends of the spectrum. Carasobarbus saadatii species also present intermediate lips development similar to C. sublimus for example, but we do not have an acceptable picture to show in this work. Borkenhagen and Krupp 2 questioned the locality data of the C. sublimus specimen (CMNFI 1979 - 0277), as the morphometric and meristic characters (scales in the lateral line, above the lateral line, and around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle; length of the dorsal, pectoral, ventral, and anal fins) of this specimen are within the range of C. sublimus and outside the range of C. kosswigi. This discrepancy is unsurprising because the Karkheh population belongs to C. hajhosseini, and the range of these characters matches the locality mentioned for this voucher specimen. However, they considered C. hajhosseini populations as C. sublimus, and C. doadrioi and C. saadati as C. kosswigi, which caused the range of morphometric characters to expand and positioned C. kosswigi and C. sublimus as paraphyletic in the phylogenetic trees. In general, nearly all the internal nodes are well resolved in all three datasets (COI, Cyt b and concatenated datasets) used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. But as expected, the concatenated dataset resulted in the best resolved tree. Both genetic markers used in the concatenated dataset are mitochondrial markers, i. e. they sare the same evolutionary history. This point out that the improvement in the phylogenetic resolution is most probably due to the increment in the phylogenetic signal coded in a longer sequence fragment. This point underlines the importance of including multiple markers to be able to resolve remaining obscure relationships within the genus. On the other hand, being hexaploid, complicates the inclusion of any nuclear marker in any genetic study in near future 29. This point is important as some species of the genus (for example C. luteus) is widespread in a variety of habitats and therefore will not be surprising to find that different populations does not share the same evolutionary history. This will not be visible without analysing both mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers. In the obtained mitochondrial phylogenetic results in the actual study, the only unresolved relationship, is the one between C. doadrioi, C. hajhosseini and C. saadatii. The very short internal branch at this level, when present, shows a potential rapid speciation event, resulting in small number of conserved changes to resolve this relationship. In our results, based on the partial COI gene, two clearly separate clades are formed with both containing sequences identified as C. harterti and C. fritschii. This is most probably the result of misidentification, or also it can be due to introgression events. As we do not have access ourselves to the material used in this case (genetic material was retrieved from GenBank), we cannot further develop on this and corroborate the identity of each of the clades. On the other hand, using other individuals identified as these two species, they do separate well in the results of the cyt b gene dataset, with no further issues. Another possible issue which will need further investigation is the inclusion of samples identified as C. apoensis within the C. luteus clade, with practically no genetic difference with them. This point was also mentioned in Borkenhagen 28. Based on this observation we recommend a systematic revision of both C. apoensis and C. luteus in further studies.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
03E48781FF87FF90829CFBD768685D0A.taxon	materials_examined	Iran: – VPFC Zard 1400.9., 2, 72 – 132 mm SL; Iran: Fars prov., Zard River at Zard Mashin, Marun drainage, 31.37633, 49.72072. – VPFC Fahlian 1400.10., 2, 111 – 92 mm SL; Iran: Fars prov., Fahlian River at Fahlian bridge, Zohre drainage, 30.18520, 51.52443.	en	Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Kaya, Cüneyt, Vatandoust, Saber, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza (2024): New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species. Scientific Reports 14 (1): 21801, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71463-7
