identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DF822BFFA9FFB4FF110F1CFB26FEA9.text	03DF822BFFA9FFB4FF110F1CFB26FEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra dentosa C. R. Lin & Yan Liu 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Aspidistra dentosa C.R. Lin &amp; Yan Liu ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 1) </p>
            <p>Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: type herbarium specimens prepared from cultivated plant, 7 May 2022, Chun-Rui Lin 1520 (holotype: IBK, isotype: IBK). Living plants were collected by Gao Xie from Baise City, Jingxi City, Xinjing Town, Longli Village, limestone hills, at elevation about 820 m a.s.l., 1 August 2021.</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype):— CHINA. Guangxi: Baise City, Jingxi City, Xinjing Town, Longli Village, limestone hills, at elevation about 820 m a.s.l., 1 August 2021, Gao Xie 1424 (IBK).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:— The new species is mostly similar to  A. pulchella in shape and color of leaves and flowers, but clearly distinguished by its longer peduncle 9–18 cm, narrowly triangular perianth lobes 14–22 mm long, toothlike appendage white, stigma upper surface with 4 (3) inconspicuous radial, white, elliptical petal-shaped patterns converging at the center. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen. Rhizome creeping, epigeous, subterete, 10–15 mm in diameter, densely covered with nodes, roots numerous. Leaf sheath 5–6, purplish red, to 18 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, fibrous when withered. Leaves solitary, 1–2.5 cm spaced; petiole rigid, 16–48 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, 15–32 cm long, 8–16 cm wide, green, base suborbicular, abruptly narrowed to the petiole, inequilateral, apex acuminate, margin entire, midvein moderately prominent abaxially, each half of leaf blade with 5–6 inconspicuous secondary veins. Peduncle elongates and horizontal, purplish red, 9–18 cm long, with 7–8 bracts, bracts gradually widened from below, two of them adnate to flower base, broadly ovate, 8–12 mm long, 15–20 mm wide, purplish red, apex obtuse. Flower solitary. Perianth urceolate, fleshy, outside purplish red to dark purplish red, deeply 8 (6) lobed apically; lobes explanate, narrowly triangular, 14–22 mm long and 5–8 mm wide at base, inside yellow, frequently with purplish-red speckles at base, apex attenuate, each lobe basally with an adaxial toothlike appendage, appendages white, 3–4 mm long and 4–6 mm wide, apex erose; tube 10–14 mm long, widest part 22–28 mm in diameter, inside deep purplish red to nearly black, with 8 inconspicuous keels from the stamen bases running up to the mouth of perianth tube. Stamens 8 (6), opposite to lobes, inserted at ca. 3 mm from the base of perianth tube, positioned conspicuously lower than stigma; anthers subsessile, elliptical, 2–3 mm long and 1–1.5 wide, pollen yellow; Pistil 6–9 mm long, ovary indistinct, style cylindrical, short, 2–3 mm long, 3–4 mm in diameter, stigma disc-shaped, enlarge, 18–24 mm in diameter, 4–6 mm thick, upper surface nearly flat, white, the central part converging with 4 inconspicuous radial, elliptical patterns, its margin purplish red to dark purple and bent upwards, with 16 (12) longitudinal ribs, lower surface white. Young fruit subglobose, 10–15 mm in diameter, purplish red, surface irregular tuberculate.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from May to June, fruiting mature in the next year from April to May.</p>
            <p> Etymology:— The specific epithet  ‘ dentosa ’ is derived from the toothlike appendages at the base of perianth lobes. The Chinese name is given as “ ffimDzuDzã ” (Chinese pinyin: chǐ bàn zhī zhū bào dàn). </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology:— This new species is currently found only in Jingxi City, southwestern Guangxi, China, near the border with northern Vietnam. It grows on limestone slopes, in crevices of the stones on shady places, at elevation of 800–850 m a.s.l., not common.</p>
            <p> Similar species:— The morphology showed the new species is mostly similar to  Aspidistra pulchella B.M. Wang &amp; Yan Liu in Lin et al. (2019: 80), but clearly distinguished by its longer peduncle 9–18 cm (vs. 4–6 cm), perianth lobes 8 and occasionally 6 (vs. 10 and occasionally 8), shorter to 14–22 mm (vs. 30–35 mm), toothlike appendage white (vs. pale purplish red to purplish red), stigma upper surface with 4 or 3 inconspicuous radial, white, elliptical patterns (vs. with conspicuous 5 or 4 radial, purplish red, bifurcate stripes) converging at the center. </p>
            <p> The new species is also similar to  A. longipetala S. Z. Huang (1986: 273) and  A. marginella D. Fang &amp; L. Zeng in Fang et al. (1993: 182), but differs from the latter two species by higher and bigger leaves and longer peduncle, perianth lobes explanate (vs. incurve) and bigger perianth tube, stigma nearly flat (vs. slightly concave or obviously convex). The detailed morphological differences between these species are shown in Table 1. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFA9FFB4FF110F1CFB26FEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
03DF822BFFABFFB2FF110EE8FB3EFC05.text	03DF822BFFABFFB2FF110EE8FB3EFC05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra dissecta C. R. Lin & Yan Liu 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Aspidistra dissecta C.R. Lin &amp; Yan Liu ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 2) </p>
            <p>Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Baise City, Debao County, Yandong Town, 106.6752° E, 23.1821° N, at elevation about 600 m a.s.l., limestone hills, not common, 26 November 2017, Chun-Rui Lin &amp; Ying Qin 1064 (holotype: IBK, isotype: IBK).</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype):— CHINA. Guangxi: Baise city, Jingxi city, Bangliang East black crowned gibbon National Nature Reserve, 106.470° E, 22.923° N, at elevation about 709 m, on limestone hill, 6 November 2020, Ping Yang &amp; Gao Xie BL141 5 (IBK). Guilin City, Botany Garden of Guilin, cultivation, 12 December 2021, Chun-Rui Lin 1423 (IBK, cultivated plant collected by Ying Qin from Debao County, Yandong Town, 18 January 2017).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:—  Aspidistra dissecta is morphologically similar to  A. dahuaensis , but clearly distinguished by its perianth campanulate to nearly urceolate, perianth lobes inside purplish red and finely papillose, stigma deeply 3 (4)-lobed, each lobe distally 2-lobed again, upper surface densely fine papillose. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 5–8 mm in diameter, covered with scales, nodes dense. Leaf sheaths 3–4, light green, becoming black-brown when dry, 1–9 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, fibrous when withered. Leaves solitary, 5–10 mm apart; petiole stiff upright, 12–30 cm long, ca. 2 mm thick, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade usually oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 14–20 cm long, 3.5–6.5 cm wide, dark green, occasionally scattered with yellowish white spots on both surfaces, apex acuminate, base cuneate, inequilateral, with midvein prominent at abaxial surface and 3–4 inconspicuous secondary veins on lower surface, margin entire. Peduncle arising from the nodes of apical part of rhizome, 5–25 mm long, with 3–4 bracts, bracts gradually wider from base to top of peduncle, the two most basal bracts of perianth broadly ovate-cucullate, 5–6 mm long, 6–7 mm wide, pale green with purplish red spots, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, sparse. Perianth campanulate to nearly urceolate, fleshy, slightly 6 (rarely 8)-lobed apically; lobes usually slightly suberect or recurved, subequal, ovate-triangular, 3–5 mm long, 4–5 mm wide at base, outside pale green-yellow with purplish red spots densely, inside purplish red and finely papillose, thickened at base, apex acuminate; tube 6–9 mm long, 9–14 mm in diameter, outside pale green-yellow or pale white, and sometimes with purplish red spots, inside blackish purple and shallowly papillose at the upper part of the perianth tube, white at the lower half of the tube. Stamens 6 (rarely 8, matching lobe number), opposite to lobes, inserted in the middle of perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma, filaments ascending or almost horizontal, white, 1–2 mm long, anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, pollen light yellow. Pistil 5–6 mm long, ovary inconspicuous, style completely white or white with purple mottling at lower half, cylindrical, ca. 2 mm in diameter, stigma peltate, enlarged, white, 5–10 mm in diameter, deeply 3 (4)-lobed at margin, each lobe distally 2-lobed again, lobes explanate and margin slightly rolled up, upper surface nearly flat and densely fine papillose, lower surface white and mottled with purplish red around the margin. Fruits subglobose, 15–20 mm in diameter, surface purplish red mottled and glabrous when young, dark purple and slightly irregularly tuberculate at maturity.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from October to December, fruiting mature in the next year from November to December.</p>
            <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the stigma deeply 3 (4)-lobed with the lobes bifurcate. The Chinese name is “ ẍṳDzuDzã ” (pinyin: shēn liè zhī zhū bào dàn).</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology:—  Aspidistra dissecta is currently known from Debao county and Jingxi city in southwestern Guangxi, China. It grows in the rock crevices on shaded, limestone slopes, under sparse forest of the valley, at elevation range 550– 750 m. </p>
            <p> Similar species:—  Aspidistra dissecta is similar to  A. dahuaensis D.X. Nong &amp; L.Y. Yu in Nong et al. (2020: 84), but differs by leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 14–20 × 3.5–6.5 cm (vs. oblong to ovate-oblong, 17–25 × 5.5–8 cm), perianth campanulate to nearly urceolate (vs. widely bowl-shaped), perianth lobes purplish red (vs. yellowish green or light yellow) and densely fine papillose (vs. glabrous), stigma deeply 3 (4)-lobed with the lobes obviously bifurcate (vs. 3–4-lobed deeply to centre, the lobes shallowly 3-lobed again), upper surface densely fine papillose (vs. glossy). The new species is also similar to  A. huanjiangensis G.Z. Li &amp;Y.G. Wei (2003: 384) , however, it can be clearly distinguished by the bigger perianth tube 9–14 (vs. 8 mm) in diameter and perianth lobes 3–5 × 4–5 mm (vs. 2 × 2 mm), perianth lobes inside purplish red (vs. yellow or yellowish green) and finely papillose (vs. glabrous), stigma lobes explanate (vs. strip-shaped) and upper surface white (vs. purple), densely fine papillose (vs. glossy). </p>
            <p> In addition, it is also similar to  A. tripartita Vislobokov &amp; Nuraliev in Visloblkov et al. (2024: 42) with respect to perianth tube shape and deeply lobed stigma, but it can be clearly distinguished by the leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 14–20 × 3.5–6.5 cm (vs. ensiform, 28–71.5 × 2.6–3.1 cm), perianth usually pale white at the lower half of the tube (vs. uniformly crimson), stamens absent (vs. present) supraconnectives, and anther facing introrse (vs. downwards), stigma upper surface white (vs. crimson) and lobe explanate (vs. cylindrical). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFABFFB2FF110EE8FB3EFC05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
03DF822BFFADFFB0FF110EFEFE5FFDB1.text	03DF822BFFADFFB0FF110EFEFE5FFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra dongxingensis C. R. Lin & Yan Liu 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Aspidistra dongxingensis C.R. Lin &amp; Yan Liu ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 3) </p>
            <p>Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Dongxing City, Malu Town, Pingfeng Rainforest Park, on mossy rocks and along streamside in forests, rare, 21.674° N, 108.011° E, elevation 290 m a.s.l., 12 October 2018, Chun-Rui Lin &amp; Liu-Xue Nong 1103 (holotype: IBK, isotype: IBK).</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype):— CHINA. Guangxi: Guilin City, Botany Garden of Guilin, cultivation, 22 November 2021, Chun-Rui Lin 1383 (IBK, cultivated plant collected by Chun-Rui Lin from Dongxing City, Malu Town, 12 October 2018).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:— The new species is morphologically similar to  A. sessilistigma , but clearly distinguished by its leaf blade thin and soft, 9.5–14.5 cm long, perianth campanulate, tube 8–10 mm in diameter, anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm long, stigma 6–8 mm in diameter, upper surface dark purplish red and below white. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 4–6 mm in diameter, densely covered with nodes, and by pale gray-brownish flexuose fibres, roots numerous. Leaf sheath 4–5, purplish red, 1–4 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, becoming pale gray-brownish when dry. Leaves solitary, 1–2 cm apart; petiole stiff upright, 4.5–8 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, somewhat thicker towards the base, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade thin and soft, usually ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 9.5–14.5 cm long, 4–6.5 cm wide, green, base suborbicular, abruptly narrowed to the petiole, inequilateral, apex acuminate, margin entire and somewhat irregularly wavy, midvein moderately prominent abaxially, each half of leaf blade with 7–8 inconspicuous secondary veins on lower surface. Peduncle short, 2–3 mm long, with 4–5 imbricate bracts, bracts gradually wider from base to top of peduncle, the distal ones at base of perianth broadly ovate, 8–10 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, white with purplish red spots, apex obtuse. Flower solitary. Perianth campanulate, fleshy, uniformly dark purple to almost black, 6 lobed apically; lobes straight or slightly reflexed, subequal, broad ovate, 4–5 mm long, 4–6 mm wide at base, apex obtuse, inside with 2–3 obscure shallow longitudinal grooves at base; tube 5–6 mm long, 8–10 mm in diameter. Stamens 6, opposite to lobes, facing upwards, inserted at the base of perianth tube, near style base, positioned conspicuously lower than stigma, filaments 1–1.5 mm long; anthers oblong, yellow, ca. 2 mm long and ca. 1.5 mm wide. Pistil peltate, 4–5 mm long, ovary inconspicuous, style short, white, cylindrical, ca. 2 mm long, stigma enlarged, circular, disk shape, 2–3 mm thick, 6–8 mm in diameter, upper surface dark purplish red, finely papillose, with 3 radial, white or pale red, bifurcate lines from center to margin, its margin shallow 6-lobed and bent downwards, lower surface white.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from October to April of the following year.</p>
            <p> Etymology:— The specific epithet  ‘ dongxingensis ’ is derived from the name of the type locality, dongxing City, Guangxi, China. The Chinese name is given as “ 东ẊDzuDzã ” (Chinese pinyin: dōng xīng zhī zhū bào dàn). </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology:— The new species is currently known only from Malu town in Dongxing, southern Guangxi, China. It grows on shale rocks along streams in secondary broadleaf forests at elevations of 260– 350 m.</p>
            <p> Similar species:— The new species is similar to  Aspidistra sessilistigma Aver. et al. in Averyanov et al. (2021: 4) in the leaf shape and flower color, but differs by the leaf blade thin and soft (vs. thick and rigid), 9.5–14.5 cm (vs. 14–22 cm) long, secondary veins obviously (vs. inconspicuously) on lower surface, perianth campanulate (vs. depressed urceolate), smaller tube 8–10 mm (vs. 18–24 mm) in diameter, anthers oblong (vs. narrowly ovate), smaller stigma 6–8 mm (vs. 16–19 mm) in diameter, upper surface dark purplish red (vs. yellow-brown), lower surface white (vs. dark violet to black). </p>
            <p> The new species is also similar to  A. leucographa C.R. Lin &amp; C.Y. Zou in Zou et al. (2017: 1964), but clearly distinguishable by leaves ovate (vs. narrowly lanceolate) and base suborbicular (vs. cuneate), smaller flowers 9–11 mm (vs. 15–19 mm) long and tube 8–10 mm (vs. 13–16 mm) in diameter, oblong (vs. ovate) anthers facing upward (vs. inward), shorter style 2 mm (vs. 6–7 mm) long, stigma upper surface with 3 radial, white or pale red, bifurcate lines from center to margin (vs. with 6 whitish irregular marks close to the margin). A detailed comparison of the three species is presented in Table 2. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFADFFB0FF110EFEFE5FFDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
03DF822BFFAFFFBEFF1109ABFC27FC21.text	03DF822BFFAFFFBEFF1109ABFC27FC21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra anlongensis C. R. Lin & Yan Liu 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Aspidistra anlongensis C.R. Lin &amp; Yan Liu ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 4) </p>
            <p>Type:— CHINA. Guizhou province:Anlong county, Dushan town, limestone mountains, on shady slopes, 105.579° E, 25.298° N, elevation 1100 m, 20 February 2023, Chun-Rui Lin &amp; Chun-Yu Zou 1695 (holotype: IBK, isotype: IBK).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:— The new species is morphologically similar to  A. cruciformis , but clearly distinguished by its leaf blade pachyphyllous, perianth lobes ovate-lanceolate, 10–12 mm long, yellowish white inside, each with 2 parallel, finely papillose keels at base, stamens inserted at the middle of perianth tube, pistil slightly longer than half the length of the tube. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 7–9 mm in diameter, densely nodal. Leaf sheath 4–5, dull reddish-brown, up to 8 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, fibrous when withered. Leaves solitary, 1–2 cm apart; petiole stiff upright, 10–20 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade pachyphyllous, usually elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 30–42 cm long and 6–9.5 cm wide. dark green, sometimes with small greenish yellow spots, base cuneate and attenuate, inequilateral, apex acuminate, margin denticulate, with prominent midvein on lower surface, each half of lamina with 6–7 inconspicuous secondary veins. Peduncle suberect or declining, white, sometimes with purplish red spots, 1.5–4.5 cm long, with 4–5 bracts, the two bracts at the base of perianth broadly ovate, white with purplish red spots to purplish red, 13–15 mm long, 16–18 cm wide, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary at the top of the peduncle. Perianth campanulate, fleshy, outside purplish red or white with purplish red spots densely, deeply 8-lobed apically; lobes usually explanate, subequal, ovate-lanceolate, 10–12 mm long and 4–5 mm wide at base, apex obtuse, inside yellowish white and often with small purplish red spots at base, each with 2 parallel, purplish red, finely papillose keels at base; tube 12–15 mm long, 14–16 mm in diameter, upper part of tube inside blackish purple and densely papillose, lower part of tube white. Stamens 8, opposite to lobes, inserted at the middle of perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma, filaments ca. 1 mm long, anthers pale yellow, oblong, ca. 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. Pistil peltate, 7–8 mm long, ovary inconspicuous, style white, cylindrical, 4–5 mm tall, ca. 2 mm in diameter, stigma nearly cross-shape, purplish red, 12–13 mm in diameter, deeply 4-lobed to center, lobes explanate, emarginate or 2-lobed again at apex, margin slightly rolled up.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from January to February.</p>
            <p> Etymology:— The specific epithet  ‘ anlongensis ’ is derived from the name of the type locality, Anlong county, Guizhou, China. The Chinese name is given as “ üfiDzuDzã ” (Chinese pinyin: ān lóng zhī zhū bào dàn). </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology:— The new species is currently only known from the type locality in Anlong county, southwest Guizhou, China. It grows under broad-leaved evergreen forests, in shaded rocky limestone slopes at elevation range of 1000–1200 m. Living plants introduced from the type locality are currently cultivated in Guilin Botanical Garden.</p>
            <p> Similar species:—  Aspidistra anlongensis is similar to  A. cruciformis Y. Wan &amp; X. H. Lu in Wan (1987: 217) in the sigma cross-shaped, but differs by the leaf blade pachyphyllous (vs. thin), petiole shorter, 10–20 cm (vs. 30–50 cm) long, perianth lobes 10–12 mm (vs. 5–6.5 mm) long, inside yellowish white (vs. purple), each with 2 parallel, finely papillose keels at base (vs. without keels), stamens inserted at the middle of (vs. the lower quarter of) perianth tube, pistil slightly longer than (vs. obviously shorter than) half the length of the tube, 7–8 mm (vs. 5 mm) long. </p>
            <p> The new species is also similar to  Aspidistra pingfaensis S.Z. He &amp; Q.W. Sun in Sun et al. (2014: 33), but it can be clearly distinguished by the leaf blade elliptic (vs. linear) and 6–9.5 cm (vs. 2–2.8 cm) wide, perianth lobes ovate-lanceolate (vs. triangular) and 10–12 mm (vs. 5–6.5 mm) long, yellowish white (vs. purple) inside, each lobe with 2 keels at base (vs. glabrous), upper part of tube inside densely papillose (vs. glabrous), stigma lobes margin slightly rolled up (vs. explanate). </p>
            <p> It is also similar to  Aspidistra qijiangensis S.Z. He &amp; X.Y. Luo in Luo et al. (2018: 74) in perianth tube shape and stigma margin 4-lobed, but it can be clearly distinguished by the elliptic (vs. narrow oblanceolate) leaf blade 30–42× 6–9.5 cm (vs. 70–95× 2.5–4 cm), perianth lobes ovate-lanceolate (vs. triangular) and 10–12 mm (vs. 4.5–5 mm) long, bigger perianth tube (12–15× 14–16 cm vs. 5–10× 10–12 cm), bigger stigma 12–13 mm (vs. 5–8 mm) in diameter, purplish red (vs. lower white), upper surface flat (vs. slightly convex). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFAFFFBEFF1109ABFC27FC21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
03DF822BFFA1FFBCFF110E92FCD1FC91.text	03DF822BFFA1FFBCFF110E92FCD1FC91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra longibracteata C. R. Lin & K. S. Nguyen 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Aspidistra longibracteata C.R. Lin &amp; K.S. Nguyen ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 5) </p>
            <p>Type:— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province: type herbarium specimen prepared from plant cultivated at Guilin Botanical Garden (CN), 20 June 2022, Chun-Rui Lin 1563 (holotype: IBK, isotypes: IBK). Living plant was collected from northern Vietnam, Bac Kan Province, Ba Be National Park, evergreen broad-leaved forest on limestone hills at elevation 200–300 m a.s.l. around point 105.627°E, 22.404°N, not common, 20 August 2019.</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype):— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province: Ba Be National Park, 20 August 2019, Wei-Bin Xu, K. S. Nguyen &amp; Chun-Rui Lin 13954 (IBK, HN).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:— The new species is similar to  A. luteo-rubra in the floral morphology, but clearly distinguished by its leaf blade thin and soft, narrow elliptic, base cuneate, bracts longer than perianth to 20–24 mm long, perianth lobes incurved, stamens frequently inserted at the middle of perianth tube, stigma slightly dilated, upper surface slightly concave and smooth, deeply 3-lobed at margin, lobes apex bent upwards. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 5–8 mm in diameter, covered with scales, internodes congested, roots elongate. Leaf sheath 3–4, pale purplish red, 2–7 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, fibrous when withered. Leaves solitary, 5–10 mm apart; petiole stiff upright, 10–18 cm long, ca. 2 mm wide, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade narrow elliptic, 20–32 cm long, 4.5–6.5 cm wide, green, base cuneate, gradually tapered to petiole, inequilateral, apex long acuminate, margin entire. Peduncle ascending or suberect, white with purplish red spots to purplish red, 8–32 mm long, with 3–5 bracts. Bracts gradually widened from below, the bracts at perianth base cymbiform or conduplicate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 20–24 mm long, 10–12 mm wide (being flatten), white or with pale purplish red spots, apex acuminate, longer than perianth; Flowers solitary, numerous. Perianth tubular, 15–17 mm long, 6-lobed apically; lobes broadly ovate, subequal, 4–5 mm long, 5–6 mm wide, outside yellow with purplish red stripes at the center or tip, sometimes even purplish red, inside yellow or sometimes yellow with purplish red at base, apex obtuse or nearly rounded slightly incurved; tube purplish red outside and dark purplish red inside, 10–12 mm long, the widest opening reaches 9–11 mm in diameter. Stamens 6, opposite to lobes, frequently inserted at the middle of perianth tube, occasionally at the upper part of perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma, filaments purplish red, ca. 1 mm long, anthers linear or narrowly oblong, 5–7 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide, pollen yellow. Pistil rod-shaped, 11–12.5 mm long, equal to or slightly longer than tube, ovary inconspicuous, style cylindrical, glabrous, purplish red, ca. 2 mm in diameter, stigma dilated slightly, ca. 3 mm in diameter, upper surface white, central part slightly concave or sometimes flat, and with 3 radial, inconspicuous bifurcate slender grooves, deeply 3-lobed at margin, lobe apex slightly bent upwards.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from May to June.</p>
            <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to its long bracts subtending the flower or perianth.</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology:—  Aspidistra longibracteata is currently found only in Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Province, northern Vietnam. It grows under evergreen broad-leaved forest on limestone mountains, at elevation range of 200–250 m, not common. </p>
            <p> Similar species:—  Aspidistra longibracteata is similar to  A. luteo-rubra (K.S.Nguyen, Aver. &amp; Tillich) Aver. &amp; K.S.Nguyen in Chu et al. (2024: 166) in the floral morphology, but differs by its leaf blade thin and soft, green (vs. coriaceous, dark green), narrow elliptic (vs. narrowly ovate to elliptic), base cuneate (vs. round), bracts longer (vs. shorter) than perianth to 20–24 mm (vs. 3.5–10 mm) long, perianth lobes incurved (vs. erect to spreading), stamens frequently inserted at the middle (vs. lower third) of perianth tube, stigma slightly dilated (vs. narrowing), upper surface slightly concave (vs. flat), smooth (vs. finely papillose), deeply 3-lobed at margin, lobes apex bent upwards (vs. circular). </p>
            <p> The new species also similar to  A. tenuistyla Aver., C.H.Nguyen &amp; K.S.Nguyen in Chu et al. (2024: 162), but differs by leaf blade narrow elliptic (vs. narrowly ovate to elliptic), base cuneate (vs. round), bracts longer (vs. shorter) than perianth to 20–24 mm (vs. 9–17 mm) long, perianth lobes outside yellow with purplish red stripes to purplish red (vs. outside yellow with purplish red stripes to purplish red, inside yellow), inside yellow (vs. dark purple violet), perianth tube shorter to 10–12 mm (vs. 16.5–19.5 mm) and purplish red (vs. white) outside, stamens frequently inserted at the middle (vs. upper part) of perianth tube, style larger to ca. 2 mm (vs. 0.6–0.7 mm) in diameter. A detailed morphological comparison of three species is provided in Table 3. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFA1FFBCFF110E92FCD1FC91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
03DF822BFFA3FFBAFF110BCDFD24FB7D.text	03DF822BFFA3FFBAFF110BCDFD24FB7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidistra backanensis C. R. Lin, K. S. Nguyen & W. B. Xu 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Aspidistra backanensis C.R. Lin, K.S. Nguyen &amp; W.B. Xu ,  sp. nov. (Fig. 6) </p>
            <p>Type:— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province: type herbarium specimen prepared from plant cultivated at Guilin Botanical Garden (CN), 15 May 2023, Chun-Rui Lin 1759 (holotype: IBK). Living plant was collected from northern Vietnam, Bac Kan Province, Ba Be National Park, at the foot of the mountain, under the evergreen broad-leaved forest on limestone mountain, 22.397°N, 105.635°E, at elevation about ca. 260 m a.s.l., 21 August 2019.</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype):— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province: Ba Be National Park, 21 August 2019, Wei-Bin Xu, K. S. Nguyen &amp; Chun-Rui Lin 13971 (IBK, HN).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:— The new species is morphologically similar to  A. superba , but clearly distinguished by its smaller leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base rounded or subcordate, shorter petiole 5–9 cm long, stigma upper surface purplish red, the center obviously convex, with 4 trailing hemispherical-lobed prominently, and 4 inconspicuous radial, white lines with 5 forks at apex. </p>
            <p>Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 6–8 mm in diameter, nodes dense. Leaf sheath 4–5, purplish red, 1–7 cm long, enveloping base of petiole, becoming black-brown when dry. Leaves solitary, ca. 1cm apart; petiole stiff upright, 5–9 cm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade usually ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 9–14.5 long and 7–9.5 cm wide, green, apex acuminate, base nearly rounded or subcordate, abruptly narrow into petiole, inequilateral, margin entire, mid vein strongly prominent on abaxial surface, secondary veins 4–5 pairs, abaxially prominent. Peduncle decumbent, purplish red, 1–2.5 cm long, with 4–6 bracts, the two bracts at the base of perianth broadly ovate, white with purplish red spots, ca. 2 cm long, 2–2.5 cm wide, apex acuate or shortly acuminate. Flowers solitary. Perianth urceolate, fleshy, deeply 8 lobed apically; lobes recurved or arcuate, triangular lanceolate, 18–24 mm long and 3–4 mm wide at base, outside whitish with purplish red mottled densely, inside pale yellow and sometimes with purplish-red speckles at base, apex long acuminate, each lobe basally with an adaxial, toothlike appendage, appendages white and frequently spotted with purplish-red, ca. 2× 3 mm, apex 2–3 denticulate, appendages protruding horizontally or obliquely over tube opening similar to an iris diaphragm reducing the opening to 5–6 mm; tube 10–14 mm long, widest part 18–22 mm in diameter, outside white with purplish red spots, inside deep purple to nearly black, with 8 keels from the stamen bases running up to the mouth of perianth tube. Stamens 8, opposite to lobes, inserted at ca. 2 mm from the base of perianth tube, positioned conspicuously lower than stigma; anthers subsessile, subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm long and wide, pollen yellow. Pistil 10–12 mm long, ovary indistinct, style cylindrical, short, 1–2 mm long, 3–4 mm in diameter, stigma disc-shaped, enlarge, 16–20 mm in diameter, upper surface purplish red, the center obviously convex, and with 4 trailing hemispherical-lobed, each lobe distally descends and extends to margin, apex with 4 inconspicuous radial, white lines with 5 forks, margin sinuate and bent upward, lower surface white, with 16 longitudinal ribs.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— The new species was observed flowering from April to May.</p>
            <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Bac Kan Province, northern Vietnam.</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology:— At present,  Aspidistra backanensis is known only from Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Province, northern Vietnam. It grows under evergreen broad-leaved forest on limestone mountains, at elevation range of 250–300 m, not common. </p>
            <p> Similar species:— The new species is similar to  Aspidistra superba Tillich (2005: 323) in the floral morphology, but differs by its shorter leaf petiole (5–9 vs. 15–22 cm) long, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate (vs. widely lanceolate), smaller leaf blade (9–14.5 vs. 16–18 cm) long, stigma upper surface purplish red (vs. red and white), the center obviously convex (vs. concave), with 4 trailing hemispherical-lobed (vs. heart-shaped) prominently, and 4 inconspicuous radial, white lines with 5 forks at apex (vs. 16 prominent rays ending in 16 teeth). A detailed morphological comparison between the two species is provided in Table 4. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF822BFFA3FFBAFF110BCDFD24FB7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lin, Chun-Rui;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Qin, Ying;Zou, Chun-Yu;Xu, Wei-Bin;Liu, Yan	Lin, Chun-Rui, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Qin, Ying, Zou, Chun-Yu, Xu, Wei-Bin, Liu, Yan (2024): Six new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) from China and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.2
