identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CF831EFFEAF162FE6D0CB5FDE0FB3E.text	03CF831EFFEAF162FE6D0CB5FDE0FB3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harpactea Bristowe 1939	<div><p>Genus  Harpactea Bristowe, 1939</p><p>Type species:  H. hombergi (Scopoli, 1763)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF831EFFEAF162FE6D0CB5FDE0FB3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ;Danışman, Tarık;Yağmur, Ersen Aydın	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ, Danışman, Tarık, Yağmur, Ersen Aydın (2025): Two new species of Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 from Turkey (Araneae: Dysderidae). Journal of Natural History 59 (5 - 8): 397-409, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318
03CF831EFFEAF164FEBA0D21FCD8FBA3.text	03CF831EFFEAF164FEBA0D21FCD8FBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harpactea bozdaglarensis Kunt, Danisman and Yagmur 2025	<div><p>Harpactea bozdaglarensis Kunt, Danışman and Yağmur sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 1, 2, 4A–C)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (KUAM), TURKEY: Manisa Province, Salihli District, 2 km south of Allahdiyen Village (38.427222°N, 28.089167°W), c. 800 m asl, 14 May-2 July 2012, pitfall traps, Leg. E.A. Yağmur .  Paratypes 1 ♂ (KUAM), TURKEY: Manisa Province, Salihli District, 10 km north of Bozdağ Village (38.416667°N, 28.084167°W), c. 922 m asl, 05 April-5 May 2015, MSS trap, Leg. E.A. Yağmur –   1 ♂ (HZH), Manisa Province, Turgutlu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-27.839167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.353058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -27.839167/lat 38.353058)">Kuşlar (Dağmarmara) Village</a> (38.353056°N, 27.839167°W), c. 962 m asl, 10 May-26 June 2016, pitfall traps, Leg. E. A.  
Yağmur – 
Same place but 1 ♂ (AZMM),  1 ♀ (AZMM),  1 ♀ (KUAM) 26 November 2017 - 2 March 2018, pitfall traps, Leg. E.A. Yağmur .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is a toponym for the ‘ Bozdağlar’, a mountain range located in the provinces of İzmir and Manisa in Turkey, including the type locality of the new species.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male copulatory organ of  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n. shows affinity with  H. alexandrae Lazarov, 2006, whose type locality is Bulgaria. However, in  H. alexandrae, the embolus (E) is longer than the conductor (C) (see Lazarov 2006, figs. 2, 3). Also, the angle between the embolus and the conductor is much narrower in  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n. than in  H. alexandrae (Figures 2B–C, 4A–C). The vulva of the females of these two species is entirely different. Whereas in  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n., the distal end of the spermatheca (S) is concave or straight, the middle is bulging, in  H. alexandrae, the spermatheca is almost straight, and the tip is narrow and convex (see Figure 2A–D; Spiegelaere and Bosmans 2009, fig. 2).</p><p>Another species resembling  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n. is  H. clementi Bosmans, 2009 . However, while the tegulum is cylindrical in  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n., it is pear-shaped in  H. clementi . In addition, the embolus, which is cylindrical in  H. clementi, is flattened in  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n. When the females of these two species are compared, it is characteristic that the anchor-like chitinous parts of the vulva of  H. bozdaglarensis sp. n. are wider than those of  H. clementi and that the vulva of the new species has a distinct sclerotised belt (see Figures 1B–C and 2A–D; Keer and Bosmans 2009, figs. 1–6).</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurements. [Holotype ♂ / Paratypes ♀] TL 5.60/5.70–6.65; AL 2.91/3.10–3.55; CL 2.69/2.60–3.10; CWmax 2.02/2.05–2.40; CWmin 0.87/0.90–1.05; Clh 0.08/0.06–0.07; Aed 0.12/0.11–0.11; iAE 0.08/0.06–0.08; PLEd 0.11/0.10–0.12; PMEd 0.10/0.08–0.10; ChF 0.61/0.53–0.54; ChG 0.31/0.23–0.25; ChL 1.24/1.00–1.25.</p><p>[Paratype ♂] TL 5.58; AL 2.94; CL 2.64; CWmax 1.92; CWmin 0.77; Clh 0.06; Aed 0.12; iAE 0.09; PLEd 0.12; PMEd 0.11; ChF 0.61; ChG 0.32; ChL 1.16.</p><p>Middle-sized harpacteine spider. Carapace reddish brown with smooth surface. Eye region and margins of thoracic region darker than general. Fovea longitudinal, blackish, distinct. Surface of carapace with sparse yellowish short setae. Setae around eyes relatively long compared to others. Anterior margin of eye region convex, while posterior margin of thoracic region straight. Eyes silver-coloured, arranged annularly. AE&gt;PLE&gt;PME. AE seperated; AE-PLE 0.01, PLE-PME 0.03, PME-PME 0.02.</p><p>Sternum glabrous, orangish-red; length 1.54, width 1.19. Surface with brownish hairs. Labium and gnathocoxae reddish. Labium length 0.39, width 0.30. Gnathocoxae length 0.69, width 0.55. Chelicerae reddish brown. Cheliceral groove with four triangular teeth (Figure 1A). Promarginal teeth more strongly developed than retromarginal teeth. Promarginal teeth almost same size. Of retromarginal teeth, one in centre of cheliceral groove about twice size of one at base. There is a distance of 0.02 between the promarginal and 0.08 between the retromarginal teeth.</p><p>Abdomen greyish. Surface covered with brownish setae. Legs yellowish light brown. Anterior legs slightly darker than posterior legs. Tarsi with three claws. Paired claws toothed. Paired claws of legs I and II with 7 teeth; legs III and IV with 5 teeth. Anterior legs without scopulae. Tarsi three and four and first distal quarter of metatarsi three and four with scopulae. Anterior femora and third and fourth coxae with spine. Leg formula: VI, I, II, III. Leg spination and measurements are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.</p><p>Palp. (Figures 1B–D, 4A–C). Palpal tarsus cylindrical, length 0.63. Palpal tibia longer than tarsus (Figure 1B), length 0.65. Ratio Ti/Ta 0.97. Tegulum (T) cylindrical, brownish; length 0.55, width 0.31. Embolus (E) strongly sclerotised in the proximal half and weakly sclerotised in distal half, with a membranous appearance (Figures 1C, 4A). Conductor (C) massive, strongly sclerotised. Embolus and conductor almost same size (Figures 1D, 4C). Embolus length 0.27, conductor 0.28. Embolus originated from distal centre of tegulum, whereas conductor originated from distal prolateral margin. Embolus flattens and narrows towards tip (Figures 1C, 4A–C). Conductor cylindrical, spiniform with a sharply tapering end. As it distances from distal part of tegulum, tips of embolus and conductor become more distant from each other (Figures 1D, 4C).</p><p>Although there are size differences between the somatic parts of males and females, they are generally similar. Palpal tarsus cylindrical, length 0.75–0.90. Palpal tibia shorter than tarsus, length 0.60–0.65.</p><p>Vulva. (Figure 2). Anterior arc (AC) wider than long. Spermathecal keel (SK) concave in some individuals and relatively straight in others. In all cases, lateral edges pointed (Figure 4A–D). Approximate middle part of spermatheca (S) slightly recurved to sides (Figure 4A–D). Anterior part of this region longer than part posterior to it. In addition, posterior part sclerotised at same level as anterior margin of the anterior arc (AA) and more strongly sclerotised than anterior part.</p><p>Lateral margins of anterior margin of the anterior arc are widened laterally (Figure 4B). These parts more weakly sclerotised than central regions. Round structures (RS) are symmetrical and distinct as conical tubercles (Figure 4A–B). Width of transversal bar (TB) approximately equal to anterior margin of the anterior arc (Figure 4C). Posterior diverticulum membranous, with indistinct borders, attached to the transversal bar (Figure 4C). Between anterior margin of the anterior arc and transversal bar there is a sclerotised belt whose width is approximately twice that of anterior margin of anterior arc (Figure 4A–C).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from type localities.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>The collection site, situated 2 km south of Allahdiyen Village, comprises dense oak bushes and scattered red pine trees. This habitat features a thick layer of leaf litter and is a serene and humid area located on the outskirts of a large valley. The MSS traps were positioned among accumulated, fragmented stone pieces in a small, cool, and humid valley. The area also encompasses plane trees and accumulated stones blanketed with leaf litter composed of dried plane leaves. Mixed red pine trees and oak bushes distinguish the Kuşlar site. It is a cool and humid environment with dense leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF831EFFEAF164FEBA0D21FCD8FBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ;Danışman, Tarık;Yağmur, Ersen Aydın	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ, Danışman, Tarık, Yağmur, Ersen Aydın (2025): Two new species of Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 from Turkey (Araneae: Dysderidae). Journal of Natural History 59 (5 - 8): 397-409, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318
03CF831EFFECF168FE9B0C9DFE37FDB0.text	03CF831EFFECF168FE9B0C9DFE37FDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harpactea dilekensis Kunt, Danisman and Yagmur 2025	<div><p>Harpactea dilekensis Kunt, Danışman and Yağmur sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 3, 4D–E, 5)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype (KUAM) ♂ TURKEY: Aydın Province, Dilek Peninsula NP, 4 km South of GüzelÇamlı Village (37.690556°N, 27.237222°W), c. 163 m asl, 12 May 2017, Litter sifting, Leg. E.A. Yağmur .  Paratypes 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (KUAM), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AZMM), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HZH), same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is a toponym for the ‘Dilek Peninsula, Aydın Province, Turkey’.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male copulatory organ of  H. dilekensis sp. n. resembles that of  H. chaniaensis Bosmans, 2023 (Crete) and  H. walterdebucki Bosmans, 2023 (Cyclades, Iraklia) distributed in the Aegean islands. However,  H. dilekensis sp. n. can be distinguished from the latter two species by the robust, thick and comma-shaped embolus (E). Indeed, the embolus is straight in  H. chaniaensis and slightly curved in  H. walterdebucki (see Figure 3B–G; Bosmans 2023, fig. 7b–h; Bosmans and Gavalas 2023, fig. 7c–g).</p><p>In the female of  H. dilekensis sp. n. the vulva is similar to that of  H. walterdebucki . The anterior arcs (AC) of the two species are similar in terms of their general morphological features. The most important difference is that the spermathecal keel (SK) is narrower in  H. dilekensis sp. n. than in  H. walterdebucki . There is also a prominent sclerotised plate (SP) posterior to the spermatheca in  H. dilekensis sp. n., whereas in  H. walterdebucki, there is a gently developed sclerotised belt (SB).</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurements. [Holotype ♂ / Paratypes ♀] TL 2.94/4.08–4.19; AL 1.71/2.55–2.71; CL 1.23/1.48–1.53; CWmax 0.99/1.11–1.14; CWmin 0.47/0.49–0.51; Clh 0.04/0.04–0.04; Aed 0.07/0.07–0.08; iAE 0.04/0.04–0.04; PLEd 0.06/0.06–0.08; PMEd 0.05/0.05–0.06; ChF 0.27/0.32–0.33; ChG 0.13/0.14–0.15; ChL 0.44/0.62–0.63.</p><p>[Paratype ♂] TL 3.12; AL 1.73; CL 1.39; CWmax 1.07; CWmin 0.46; Clh 0.04; Aed 0.07; iAE 0.05; PLEd 0.06; PMEd 0.05; ChF 0.28; ChG 0.14; ChL 0.46.</p><p>Small-sized harpacteine spider. Carapace brownish with smooth surface. Eye region of carapace darker than thoracic region. Fovea longitudinal, blackish-brown, distinct. Surface of carapace with sparse blackish short setae. There is a single line of hairs between fovea and PME. Eye region slightly higher than thoracic region. They are almost in alignment. Anterior margin of eyes region convex, while posterior margin of thoracic region straight.</p><p>Eyes silvery honey-coloured, arranged annularly. AE&gt;PLE = PME. AE seperated; AE-PLE 0.01, PLE-PME 0.01, PME-PME 0.01. Sternum yellowish brown; length 0.85, width 0.68. Surface with brownish setae. Setae in front of 3 rd and 4 th coxae and posterior margin of sternum longer. Labium and gnathocoxae brownish. Labium length 0.26, width 0.19. Gnathocoxae length 0.48, width 0.25. Chelicerae brownish. Cheliceral groove with 4 teeth (Figure 3A). Promarginal teeth triangular, retromarginal teeth conical. Promarginal teeth more strongly developed than retromarginal teeth. They are several times larger than retromarginal teeth. While retromarginal teeth are equal in length to each other, promarginal tooth at the base of the cheliceral groove slightly larger than one following it. There is a distance of 0.01 between the promarginal and 0.04 between the retromarginal teeth. Abdomen brownish greyish. Surface covered with brownish setae. Legs yellowish light brown. Anterior legs slightly darker than posterior legs. Tarsi with 3 claws. Paired claws toothed. Paired claws of legs I and II with 6–7 teeth; legs III and IV with 5 teeth. Anterior legs without scopulae. Tarsi three and four and first distal quarter of metatarsi three and four with weak scopulae. First and second femora with 2 spines prolaterally. First femoral spines arranged side by side, and second femoral spines arranged back to back. Third and fourth coxae also with spine. Leg formula: VI, I, II, III. Leg spination and measurements are given in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.</p><p>Palp. (Figures 3B–G, 4D–E). Palpal tarsus triangular, length 0.36 (Figure 3D–E). Palpal tibia shorter than tarsus, length 0.28. Ratio Ti/Ta 0.77. Tegulum (T) yellowish brown, spherical, gradually narrowing distally; length 0.34, width 0.32 (Figure 3B, C). Embolus (E), conductor (C) and median apophysis (MA) black, strongly sclerotised. Embolus longer than conductor and median apophysis (Figure 3C–F). Embolus length 0.21, conductor 0.08. Embolar base wide. It is on same axis as tegulum. Conductor and median apophysis aligned and positioned opposite each other. Median apophysis shaped like a small tubercle, while the conductor relatively larger (Figures 3D, G, 4D–E). Conductor on a convex-shaped sclerotised plate. Its shape like a triangular hook, and its tip orientated at three o’clock. Embolus comma-shaped and gradually tapers from base to tip (Figure 4D–E). Base on same axis as tegulum and tip curved ventrally at an angle of about 45° to this axis (Figure 3C).</p><p>Although there are size differences between the somatic parts of males and females, they are generally similar. Palpal tarsus cylindrical, length 0.35–0.37. Palpal tibia shorter than tarsus, length 0.26–0.28. Female individuals have slightly developed epigastral scutum in gastral area. In females, third coxae without spines.</p><p>Vulva. (Figure 5). General parts of vulva strongly sclerotised at almost same level. Sclerotised plate (SP), posterior and central region of spermatheca (S) less sclerotised than in general (Figure 4B).</p><p>Anterior arc (AC) longer in width than length. Central region of spermatheca bulging, ovoid. Posterior and anterior half almost equal in size. However, quadrangular posterior half wider than anterior half. Spermathecal keel (SK) blunt (Figure 5B–D). Anterior margin of anterior arc (AA) thick and robust. Lateral margins initially oriented anteriorly in a halfmoon shape and then bent and oriented laterally. Distinctive roundish structures (R S), nearly half height of anterior arc’s anterior margin (Figure 5B–D). Transversal bar (TB), same length as anterior margin of anterior arc (Figure 5B–C). A planar, oval sclerotised plate located posterior to transversal bar. Lateral margins of this plate slightly curved dorsally (Figure 5C). Behind this plate, transparent, membranous folds associated with posterior diverticulum (Figure 5D). Posterior diverticulum (PD) roundish, membranous, and equal in width and length (Figure 5A, B).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from type localities.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>The collection locality consists of red pine trees and oak bushes. It is a cool and humid area with thick leaf litter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF831EFFECF168FE9B0C9DFE37FDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ;Danışman, Tarık;Yağmur, Ersen Aydın	Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ, Danışman, Tarık, Yağmur, Ersen Aydın (2025): Two new species of Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 from Turkey (Araneae: Dysderidae). Journal of Natural History 59 (5 - 8): 397-409, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2438318
