Paragrallomyia albibasis (Enderlein, 1922)

Ferro, Gustavo Borges & Marshall, Stephen A., 2020, A redefinition of Paragrallomyia Hendel (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) and a revision of the P. albibasis complex, Zootaxa 4822 (1), pp. 39-70 : 44-45

Key to species in the Paragrallomyia albibasis complex

1) Cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin ( Fig. 55 ). Anterior half of postpronotal lobe with three to four strong black setae ( Figs. 53, 55 ).............................................................. Paragrallomyia vulpes (Cresson) Costa Rica

- Cell r 4+5 open at wing margin ( Fig. 1 ). Anterior half of postpronotal lobe bare or with a dense row of five or more long black setae............................................................................................... 2

2) Epicephala merging immediately behind ocellar plate, postocellar part of frontal vitta thus short and abruptly tapered to a point anterior to postocellar setae ( Figs. 4 , 31 , 39 , 49 )............................................................. 3

- Epicephala converging but not immediately merging near the ocellar plate, postocellar part of frontal vitta thus reaching postocellar setae ( Figs. 6 , 15 , 17 )............................................................................. 7

3) Frontal vitta with a velvety black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Figs. 31 , 39 , 49 ).................................... 4

- Frontal vitta darkened, without rounded black velvety spot ( Figs. 4 , 20 ).......................................... 6

4) Epicephalon somewhat elevated above level of fronto-orbital plate ( Fig. 49 ). Copulatory fork with short quadrate inner basal lobes, less than twice as long as wide ( Fig. 52 )... Paragrallomyia thiemei (Enderlein) Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guiana, Peru, Venezuela.

- Epicephalon flat, about same level as fronto-orbital plate ( Figs. 31, 33 ). Copulatory fork with long apically rounded inner basal lobes, more than three times as long as wide ( Figs. 34 , 42 )..................................................... 5

5) Rounded black velvety spot on frontal vitta swollen ( Fig. 33 ). Ejaculatory apodeme large, blade wider than sperm pump ( Fig. 34 )............................................................... Paragrallomyia nodulosa n. sp. Costa Rica

- Rounded black velvety spot on frontal vitta flat ( Fig. 41 ). Ejaculatory apodeme small, sperm pump wider than blade ( Fig. 42 ).................................................................. Paragrallomyia quadrifurca n. sp. Panama

6) Epicephalon somewhat elevated above frontal vitta level ( Fig. 20 ). Copulatory fork with developed inner basal lobes, lobes less than half as long as the posterior ones ( Fig. 23 )........................... Paragrallomyia colombiana n. sp. Colombia

- Epicephalon flat, about same level as frontal vitta ( Fig. 4 ). Copulatory fork with small quadrate inner basal lobes ( Fig. 5 )............................................................ Paragrallomyia aequorea n. sp. (male only) Colombia

7) Mid and hind tibiae flattened, sulcus on outer face strongly pronounced and curved ( Figs. 24 , 37 )...................... 8

- Mid and hind tibiae cylindrical or nearly so, sulcus on outer face weak or absent ( Figs. 18 , 45 )....................... 10

8) Frontal vitta brown or dark brown, without black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Fig. 27 ). Fronto-orbital plate orange brown...................................................... Paragrallomyia ecuadoriensis n. sp. Ecuador. (female only)

- Frontal vitta with a black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Figs. 25 , 35 ). Fronto-orbital plate brown or dark brown........... 9

9) Thorax uniformly blackish. Abdominal tergites dark brown/black. Relatively large, body length 7–8 mm ............................................................................. Paragrallomyia pseudoalbibasis n. sp. Costa Rica

- Thorax brown laterally, black on mesonotum only. Abdominal tergites brown. Relatively small, body length 4–5 mm ............................................................. Paragrallomyia diminuta n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)

10) Frontal vitta orange brown or dark brown, uniformly pigmented ( Fig. 15 , 17 )..................................... 11

- Frontal vitta colour variable, but always with a black spot anterior to ocellar plate................................. 12

11) Frontal vitta and postpronotal lobe orange-brown ( Fig. 17 ). Female cervical sclerite with a white rounded swelling. Paired spermathecal duct stems thin and with spine-like processes on apical half, duct no more than half as wide as one of the paired spermatheca. Paired spermatheca oval and with sparse micro finger-like processes ( Fig. 19 ). Single spermatheca broad basally, tapered apically and covered by small spine-like appendices........ Paragrallomyia citrina n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)

- Frontal vitta and postpronotal lobe dark brown ( Fig. 15 ). Female cervical sclerite smooth, without swelling. Paired spermathecal duct stems smooth and heavily swollen in the middle, swelling about same width as paired spermatheca ( Fig. 16 ). Paired spermathecae oval and smooth. Single spermatheca cylindrical and smooth, without spine-like processes........................................................................ Paragrallomyia caliensis n. sp. Colombia (female only)

12) Black spot anterior to ocellar plate strong and teardrop shaped ( Fig. 47 ).................................................................................................... Paragrallomyia teresacristinae (Albuquerque) Brazil

- Black spot anterior to ocellar plate rounded and sometimes weak.............................................. 13

13) Epicephalon flat, about same level as fronto-orbital plate. Mesonotum with two rows of long black setae on postpronotal lobe margin ( Fig. 29 )............................................. Paragrallomyia inpai (Albuquerque) Brazil, Bolivia

- Epicephalon somewhat swollen, above level of fronto-orbital plate ( Figs. 43 ). Margin of postpronotal lobe margin bare or with sparse and small dark microsetulae...................................................................... 14

14) Cervical sclerite with a brownish rounded swelling in both sexes. Four spermathecae ( Fig. 44 )........................................................................................... Paragrallomyia quaternaria n. sp. Bolivia

- Cervical sclerite smooth or with a small oval white swelling (female unknown for P. bifurcata ). Known females with three spermathecae ( Figs. 7 , 11 , 13 ).......................................................................... 15

15) Female cervical sclerite smooth, without swelling and covered by white pruinosity. Fronto-orbital plate yellowish-brown ( Figs. 12, 14 ).............................................................. Paragrallomyia brasiliensis n. sp. Brazil

- Female cervical sclerite with a white opaque oval swelling. Fronto-orbital plate dark brown ( Figs. 6, 8 , 10 )............. 16

16) Pleural membrane greyish with a white vertical stripe on P3 ( Fig. 6, 8 ). Single spermatheca cylindrical with small finger-like processes ( Fig. 7 )......................... Paragrallomyia albibasis (Enderlein) Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico

- Pleural membrane uniformly darkened ( Fig. 10 ). Single spermatheca forked and smooth, with small rounded swellings ( Fig. 11 ).................................................... Paragrallomyia bifurcata n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)

Figures

FIGURES 53–56. Paragrallomyia vulpes (Cresson). 53, female, dorsal view; 54, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 55, male, dorsolateral view; 56, male, internal reproductive structures, lateral view.

FIGURES 1–2. 1, Paragrallomyia citrina n. sp. wing. Arrow: unpigmented membrane around the anterior part of dm-cu; 2, Taeniaptera trivittata (Fabricius) wing and male genitalia, distiphallus. Abbreviations: ddp—Distal distiphallus, dsc—Discal band, stg—Stigmatal band.

FIGURES 3–5. Paragrallomyia aequorea n. sp. 3, male, lateral view; 4, male, dorsal view; 5, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures, ventral and lateral view, respectively.

FIGURES 31–34. Paragrallomyia nodulosa n. sp. 31, female, dorsal view; 32, female internal reproductive structures, lateral view; 33, male, lateral view; 34, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures, ventral and lateral view, respectively.

FIGURES 39–42. Paragrallomyia quadrifurca n. sp. 39, female, dorsal view; 40, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 41, male, lateral view; 42, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures, ventral and lateral view, respectively.

FIGURES 49–52. Paragrallomyia thiemei (Enderlein). 49, female, dorsal view; 50, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 51, male, Ecuador, lateral view; 52, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures, ventral and lateral view, respectively.

FIGURES 6–9. Paragrallomyia albibasis (Enderlein). 6, female, dorsal view; 7, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 8, female, Costa Rica, dorso-lateral view; 9, male internal reproductive structures, lateral view.

FIGURES 15–16. Paragrallomyia caliensis n. sp. 15, female, dorsal view; 16, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view.

FIGURES 17–19. Paragrallomyia citrina n. sp. 17, female, dorsal view and taxonomically significant structures. Abbreviations: ec—Epicephalon, fo—Fronto-orbital plate, fr—Frontal setae, fv—Frontal vitta, iv—Inner vertical seta, os—Orbital seta, ov—Outer vertical seta, pc—Paracephalon, po—Postocellar seta; 18, female, Costa Rica, dorsal view; 19, female internal reproductive structures and taxonomically significant structures. Abbreviations: bc—Bursa copulatrix, vr—Ventral receptacle, pd—Paired spermathecal duct, pds—Paired spermathecal duct stem, ps—Paired spermathecae, sd—Single spermathecal duct, ss—Single spermathecae.

FIGURES 20–23. Paragrallomyia colombiana n. sp. 20, female, dorsal view; 21, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 22, male, lateral view; 23, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures with taxonomically significant structures. Abbreviations: bdp—Basal distiphallus, ddp—Distal distiphallus, ea—Ejaculatory apodeme, ep—Epandrium, fa—Fork arm, hy—Hypandrium, il—Inner basal lobes, pb—Phallic bulb, ph—Phallapodeme.

FIGURES 24–26. Paragrallomyia diminuta n. sp. 24, female, dorso-lateral view; 25, female, dorso-frontal view; 26, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view.

FIGURES 35–38. Paragrallomyia pseudoalbibasis n. sp. 35, female, dorsal view; 36, female internal reproductive structures, lateral view; 37, Costa Rica, dorsal view; 38, copulatory fork and internal reproductive structures, ventral and lateral view, respectively.

FIGURES 43–46. Paragrallomyia quaternaria n. sp. 43, female, dorsal view; 44, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 45, male, lateral view; 46, male internal reproductive structures, lateral view.

FIGURES 27–28. Paragrallomyia ecuadoriensis n. sp. 27, female, dorsal view; 28, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view.

FIGURES 47–48. Paragrallomyia teresacristinae (Albuquerque). 47, female, dorsolateral view; 48, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view.

FIGURES 29–30. Paragrallomyia inpai (Albuquerque). 29, female, Bolivia, dorso lateral view; 30, female internal reproductive structures, lateral view.

FIGURES 10–11. Paragrallomyia bifurcata n. sp. 10, female, lateral view;11, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view.

FIGURES 12–14. Paragrallomyia brasiliensis n. sp. 12, female, dorsal view; 13, female internal reproductive structures, ventral view; 14, male, dorsolateral view.