Apodrosus stenoculus Girón & Franz, 2010

Girón, Jennifer C. & Franz, Nico M., 2010, Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Insect Systematics & Evolution 41, pp. 339-414 : 385-388

Apodrosus stenoculus Girón & Franz sp.n.

( Fig. 14 )

Diagnosis

Apodrosus stenoculus is characterized by the combination of having a rostrum without a mesal constriction, an apically bifurcated median furrow on the head, linearly narrowed eyes in lateral view, and a uniform scale coverage which is green throughout yet with white to pinkish scales on legs and with recurvate, decumbent, light brown setae. This species may be differentiated from A. viridium by having an apically bifurcated (as opposed to linear) median furrow on the head and narrow (as opposed to widely oval) eyes in lateral view while lacking long erect elytral setae. It furthermore differs from A. quisqueyanus by virtue of the general uniformly colored scale coverage and a mesally non-constricted rostrum.

Specimens examined

Holotype ♀ “D. R., Independencia, Lake Enriquillo National Park, La Azufrada, 4 km east of La Descubierta ; - 20 m, N 18°33′45.9″ W 71°41′53.1″ / Jun 11/2008 ( RD 11-1), Leg. N. Franz, J. Girón, A. Mazo, S. Navarro ” ( UPRM); paratypes, same label information as holotype (AMNH: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; CMNC: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; CWOB: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; MEBT: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; MHND: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; NMNH: 5 ♂, 5 ♀; UPRM: 97 ♂, including 1 dissected, 48 ♀, including 1 dissected); “DOM. REP., Independencia, Postrer Rio, Hwy 48, 8-29-1997, C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 1 ♂);“DOM. REP., Independencia, 8 km W. Duverge, 8-29-1997, C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 6 ♂, 4 ♀); “DOM. REP., Independencia, ESE Jimaní, La Florida, 18°24′ N, 71°44′ W, 20 m, moist site, 14 Apr 1993, M. A. Ivie, D. Sikes, W. Lanier” (CMNC: 2 ♂); “D. R., Independencia, Sierra de Neyba, 8.0 Km inwards from Rd. Neyba to La Descubierta, Sección El Guayabal, 280 m, N 18°35′58.6″ W 71°38′17.8″/ Jun 10/2008 (RD 10-4), Leg. N. Franz, J. Girón, A. Mazo, S. Navarro” (UPRM: 2 ♂, 2 ♀); “REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, Barahona, Barahona, 1 September 1983, W. E. Clark” (CWOB: 2 ♂, 2 ♀); “REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, Bar., 6 Km N.W. Fundacion, 1 September 1983, W. E. Clark” (CWOB: 14 ♂, 9 ♀); “D. R., Barahona, Rd. 46, Barahona to Duvergé, Km 44.5, dry shrub hábitat, 30m, N 18°13′53.1″ W 71°9′5.7″/ Jun 10/2008 (RD 10-1), Leg. N. Franz, J. Girón, A. Mazo, S. Navarro” (UPRM: 1 ♂); “Bani, 65m, 20.2.1971/ Rep. Dominic., J. & S. Klapperich” (CWOB: 1 ♀).

Description

Body length 3.5–5 mm; in dorsal view ( Fig. 14A ) 2.6-times longer than greatest width which is at mid length of elytra, shape subrectangular; dorsal outline in lateral view subplane. Integument surface smooth; vestiture uniformly composed of green and white iridescent (reddish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, light brown setae. Eyes in dorsal view ( Fig. 14B ), 1.9-times longer than wide, projected; in lateral view ( Fig. 14C ), linearly narrow, 0.3-times width and 0.7-times length of head, separated from anterior margin of prothorax by 0.6-times greatest diameter of eye; line of anterior margin of eyes flat; in dorsal view, shortest distance between eyes 0.8-times greatest width of pronotum; median furrow ( Fig. 14B ) apically bifurcated, shallow, extending between anterior and posterior margin of eyes. Rostrum ( Fig. 14B ) nearly as long as wide, lateral margins slightly concave at mid length; epistome apically with 3-5 setae situated on each side, extending posteriorly as a longitudinal narrow keel almost to base of rostrum. Rostrum in lateral view slightly longer than its basal width; antennal insertion near apical third of rostrum; scrobe curved downwards by 45°, directed ventrally at end, extending to anterior third of eye, separated from it by 2-times width of scrobe. Mandibles with 2-3 lateral setae, pharyngeal process as long as mandible. Maxillae with cardo 3-times longer than its greatest width; stipes with 3 long lateral setae; galeolacinial complex mesally nearly extending to apex of maxillary palpomere II, apex with scarce mid-sized setae, with 6-7 tongue-like apically rounded setae and a tuft of shorter and apically rounded setae, with 4 lacinial teeth and scarce long and fine setae at base of lacinia; maxillary palpomere I with 1 mesal lateral seta; II with 2 mesal lateral setae. Labium with prementum subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, apically widened, slightly projected at apical mesal region, corners widely rounded; in lateral profile with ventral surface slightly depressed at base, then abruptly roundly produced, continuing upwardly straight to apex, not strongly sculptured. Antennae reddish brown; antennal scape nearly extending to posterior margin of eye; funicular antennomere I 1.4-times longer than II; antennal club 0.6-times length of funicle, 2.6-times longer than wide. Pronotum ( Fig. 14A ) subquadrate, slightly wider than long, greatest width at mid length; dorsal surface shallowly puncturate, each puncture with a curved, spatulate brownish seta; posterior margin bisinuate, 1.1-times wider than anterior margin; prothorax in lateral view with dorsal outline 1.5-times length of ventral outline; scutellum subcircular, with scales. Mesosternum ( Fig. 14D ) 0.6-times length of prosternum. Metasternum with lateral portions posteriorly produced (in lateral profile gradually ascending towards posterior fourth, thereafter descending roundly, posterior face covered with scales); distance between posterior margin of mesocoxae and anterior margin of metacoxae 0.7-times length of prosternum. Metendosternite with furcal arms 1.2-times longer than stalk, nearly positioned at 110° in relation to horizontal axis; ventral margin of stalk 1.8-times its dorsal width. Legs covered with white, iridescent reddish scales; profemora slightly longer than pronotum; claws subparallel. Elytra in dorsal view ( Fig. 14A ) 1.7-times their greatest width which is 1.5-times wider than pronotum; anterior margins sinuate; humeral region 1.5-times wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins parallel; apex acutely rounded; in lateral view ( Fig. 14C ) with dorsal outline subplane; posterior declivity distinct, rounded; striae IX and X fused along their second third; intervals completely covered with green scales; interval X not produced along basal third; with recurvate, spatulate setae. Wings 2.2- times length of elytra, 3.2-times longer than wide; costal margin emarginate along basal half; apex narrowly rounded; cubital margin slightly rounded; 3A not intersecting with 2A. Venter densely covered with scales; VII with anterior margin 2.1-times wider than its length; posterior margin of VII rounded; ♂: IV 1.4-times longer than V and VI jointly, 1.2-times longer than VII; ♀: IV 2.1-times longer than V and VI jointly, 1.6-times longer than VII.

Terminalia. Male with tergum VII pentagonal, slightly longer than wide, mesal area with multifid setae on distal fourth; anterior margin subtriangular, mesally narrowly rounded, posterior margin mesally slightly emarginate, laterally rounded. Tergum VIII transverse, 1.5-times wider than its mesal length. Sternum VIII without spiculum relictum. Spiculum gastrale with apodeme 1.4-times longer than aedeagus, each furcal arm lightly sclerotized, sickle-shaped.Tegmen with tegminal apodeme nearly 0.8-times length of aedeagus; tegminal plate mesally posteriorly produced. Aedeagus in dorsal view ( Fig. 14E ) 4-times longer than its greatest width; apex rounded. Internal sac with a pair of opposed, comma-shaped sclerites positioned near apical fourth, and a pair of parentheses-like sclerites apicad of midpoint; without teeth. Aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 14F ) 8.3-times longer than its greatest width. Aedeagal apodemes slightly longer than aedeagus.

Female. With tergum VII slightly longer than wide, with multifid anteapical and unifid apical setae. Tergum VIII suboval, 1.4-times longer than wide. Sternum VIII with semicircular lamina occupying posterior one fifth. Coxites+styli nearly as long as lamina of sternum VIII, stylus 2.4-times longer than its greatest width, with 4-5 long apical setae. Genital chamber 0.7-times length of sternum VIII. Spermatheca ( Fig. 14G ) 1.4-times longer than wide, J-shaped; margin between cornu and ramus emarginate; distance between cornu and base of corpus longer than width of cornu; ramus apically rounded; surface of cornu striate.

Variation

Th e examined specimens vary primarily in size and also somewhat in the tone of the green scale color.

Etymology

Noun in apposition. Named for the narrowed eyes as apparent in lateral view, with steno meaning “narrow” and oculus meaning “eye” ( Brown 1956).

Natural history

Apodrosus stenoculus occurs at various lower-elevation sites (-30 m to 280 m) in the southwestern Dominican Republic ( Fig. 18B ). Most specimens were collected on legume species in open dry habitats along the shore of the hyper-saline Lake Enriquillo.

Figures

Fig. 14. Apodrosus stenoculus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise

Fig. 18. Occurrences of Apodrosus species in (A) the Bahamas (Grand Bahama and Andros Island) and (B) Hispaniola, Mona Island, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.