Phrurolithus anticus, Wang, Lu-Yu, Chen, Hui-Ming, Zhou, Ke-Xin, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2015

Wang, Lu-Yu, Chen, Hui-Ming, Zhou, Ke-Xin, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2015, Diversity of spiders in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, I: Six new species of Phrurolithidae (Araneae), Zootaxa 4012 (3), pp. 447-464 : 454-455

Phrurolithus anticus sp. nov.

Figures 7 A–E, 8A–G

Type material. Holotype ♂, China, Guizhou Province, Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve: Heiwan River, 27°50.80′N, 108°46.29′E, elev. 588 m, 3 October 2013, L.Y. Wang, D. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg. Paratypes: 9 ♀, with same data as holotype.

Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin word ‘ anticus ’, meaning ‘anterior’, referring to the anteriorly located copulatory openings; adjective.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. fanjingshan sp. nov. ( Figs 9 A–E, 10A–G), but differs from the latter by the RTA having two branches and the thin embolus of the male palp ( Figs 7 A–C, 8C–E); the distinct anterior margin of the copulatory openings and the short, elliptical bursae of its epigyne ( Figs 7 D–E, 8F–G).

Description. Male. Holotype ( Fig. 8 A) total length 3.16. Prosoma 1.68 long, 1.36 wide; opisthosoma 1.47 long, 1.04 wide. Dorsum of prosoma yellow brown, with high cephalic area. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.06, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.07. MOA 0.23 long, front width 0.18, back width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.13. Chelicerae stout, yellowish brown with three promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal teeth. Gnathocoxae yellow brown, longer than wide. Labium yellow brown, as long as wide. Sternum yellow brown, heart-shaped, with sparse brown hairs.

Legs yellow brown, femur with one dorsal spine. Femur I with three prolateral spines; tibia I with six pairs of ventral spines; metatarsus I with four pairs of ventral spines. Femur II with two prolateral spines; tibia II with six pairs of ventral spines; metatarsus II with four pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 5.83 (1.57, 2.15, 1.39, 0.72); II 4.88 (1.33, 1.60, 1.19, 0.76); III 4.39 (1.13, 1.38, 1.13, 0.75); IV 6.19 (1.64, 1.84, 1.66, 1.05). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum yellowish brown, with black brown markings and seven bright chevron-like markings. Venter with some dark brown markings.

Male palp ( Figs 7 A–C, 8C–E) with small ventral femoral apophysis. RTA bifurcate, with ventral branch hooklike and slender, dorsal branch short with some small thorns. DTA long, with wide base, extending apically along the dorsum of cymbium. Embolus short, arising distally. Sperm duct distinct. Tegular process membranous and band-shaped, close to embolus.

Female total length 2.45–3.37. One paratype ( Fig. 8 B) total length 3.37. Prosoma 1.69 long, 1.43 wide; opisthosoma 1.68 long, 1.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.08. MOA 0.22 long, front width 0.17, back width 0.20. Clypeus height 0.12. Leg measurements: I 5.72 (1.54, 2.10, 1.41, 0.67); II 4.91 (1.31, 1.75, 1.14, 0.71); III 4.54 (1.15, 1.40, 1.15, 0.84); IV 6.34 (1.66, 1.91, 1.75, 1.02). Leg formula: 4123.

Epigyne ( Figs 7 D–E, 8F–G) with copulatory openings bearing distinctly curved anterior margin, located anteriorly and widely separated. Copulatory ducts short, with two small bursae anteriorly. Spermathecae ball-like, located posterior to copulatory ducts, with small fertilization ducts posteriorly.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Guizhou, China ( Fig. 13 ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Phrurolithus anticus sp. nov., holotype male (A – C) and paratype female (D – E) from Heiwan River. A. Right male palp, prolateral view (reversed horizontally); B. Left male palp, ventral view; C. Right male palp, retrolateral view (reversed horizontally); D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: B, bursae; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; FA, femoral apophysis; FD, fertilization duct; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; SP, spermathecae; TP, tegular process.

FIGURE 8. Phrurolithus anticus sp. nov., holotype male (A, C – E) and paratype female (B, F – G) from Heiwan River. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Female habitus, dorsal view; C. Right male palp, retrolateral view. D. Left male palp, ventral view. E. Right male palp, prolateral view. F. Epigyne, ventral view; G. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9. Phrurolithus fanjingshan sp. nov., holotype male (A – C) and paratype female (D – E) from Kaiwen Village. A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: B, bursae; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; FA, femoral apophysis; FD, fertilization duct; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; SP, spermathecae; TP, tegular process.

FIGURE 13. The location of Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve in China.